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Liu J, Liu W, Wan Y, Mao W. Crosstalk between Exercise and Immunotherapy: Current Understanding and Future Directions. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0360. [PMID: 38665847 PMCID: PMC11045263 DOI: 10.34133/research.0360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Accumulated evidence highlights that exercise can modulate multiple cytokines, influencing transcriptional pathways, and reprogramming certain metabolic processes, ultimately promoting antitumor immunity and enhancing the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients. Exploring the mechanisms behind this will, for one thing, help us uncover key factors and pathways in exercise-assisted cancer immunotherapy, offering more possibilities for future treatment methods. For another, it will support the development of more personalized and effective exercise prescriptions, thereby improving the prognosis of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People’s Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center,
Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
- Wuxi College of Clinical Medicine,
Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Weici Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People’s Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center,
Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
- Wuxi College of Clinical Medicine,
Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Yuan Wan
- The Pq Laboratory of BiomeDx/Rx, Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13850, USA
| | - Wenjun Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People’s Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center,
Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
- Wuxi College of Clinical Medicine,
Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
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Miao SN, Chai MQ, Liu XY, Wei CY, Zhang CC, Sun NN, Fei QZ, Peng LL, Qiu H. Exercise accelerates recruitment of CD8 + T cell to promotes anti-tumor immunity in lung cancer via epinephrine. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:474. [PMID: 38622609 PMCID: PMC11021002 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12224-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In recent years, there has been extensive research on the role of exercise as an adjunctive therapy for cancer. However, the potential mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor therapy of exercise in lung cancer remain to be fully elucidated. As such, our study aims to confirm whether exercise-induced elevation of epinephrine can accelerate CD8+ T cell recruitment through modulation of chemokines and thus ultimately inhibit tumor progression. METHOD C57BL/6 mice were subcutaneously inoculated with Lewis lung cancer cells (LLCs) to establish a subcutaneous tumor model. The tumor mice were randomly divided into different groups to performed a moderate-intensity exercise program on a treadmill for 5 consecutive days a week, 45 min a day. The blood samples and tumor tissues were collected after exercise for IHC, RT-qPCR, ELISA and Western blot. In addition, another group of mice received daily epinephrine treatment for two weeks (0.05 mg/mL, 200 µL i.p.) (EPI, n = 8) to replicate the effects of exercise on tumors in vivo. Lewis lung cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of epinephrine (0, 5, 10, 20 µM) to detect the effect of epinephrine on chemokine levels via ELISA and RT-qPCR. RESULTS This study reveals that both pre- and post-cancer exercise effectively impede the tumor progression. Exercise led to an increase in EPI levels and the infiltration of CD8+ T cell into the lung tumor. Exercise-induced elevation of EPI is involved in the regulation of Ccl5 and Cxcl10 levels further leading to enhanced CD8+ T cell infiltration and ultimately inhibiting tumor progression. CONCLUSION Exercise training enhance the anti-tumor immunity of lung cancer individuals. These findings will provide valuable insights for the future application of exercise therapy in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai-Nan Miao
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, China
| | - Meng-Qi Chai
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Liu
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng-Yu Wei
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, China
| | - Cun-Cun Zhang
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, China
| | - Ning-Ning Sun
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, China
| | - Qing-Ze Fei
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, China
| | - Lin-Lin Peng
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, China
| | - Huan Qiu
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, 230032, Hefei, China.
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Verheijden RJ, Cabané Ballester A, Smit KC, van Eijs MJM, Bruijnen CP, van Lindert ASR, Suijkerbuijk KPM, May AM. Physical activity and checkpoint inhibition: association with toxicity and survival. J Natl Cancer Inst 2024; 116:573-579. [PMID: 38001030 PMCID: PMC10995850 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djad245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although animal experiments suggest beneficial effects of physical activity (PA) on antitumor immunity, little is known about the effects of PA on immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) toxicity and effectiveness in humans. We assessed the association of PA with immune-related adverse events (irAE) and survival in patients undergoing ICI. METHODS Patients receiving ICI who completed the Dutch short questionnaire to assess health enhancing physical activity (SQUASH) questionnaire at the start of treatment as part of the prospective UNICIT study in an academic hospital were included. PA was quantified by calculating total metabolic equivalent task hours per week (total PA) and hours per week of moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA during sport and leisure time (MVPA-SL). Associations of PA with severe irAE occurrence within 1 year and overall survival (OS) were evaluated using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard regression, respectively, with adjustment for probable confounders. RESULTS In total, 251 patients were included, with a median follow-up of 20 months. Moderate and high levels of total PA were associated with lower odds of severe irAE occurrence compared to low levels of total PA (adjusted OR: 0.34 [95% CI = 0.12 to 0.90] and 0.19 [95% CI = 0.05 to 0.55], respectively). Moderate and high levels of total PA were also associated with prolonged survival (adjusted HR: 0.58 [95% CI = 0.32 to 1.04] and 0.48 [95% CI = 0.27 to 0.89], respectively). Similar associations were observed in patients who performed more MVPA-SL. CONCLUSIONS Higher physical activity levels at the start of ICI treatment are associated with lower risk of severe irAEs and probably prolonged survival. Randomized controlled trials are needed to investigate whether patients indeed benefit from increasing PA levels after diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik J Verheijden
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Cabané Ballester
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Karel C Smit
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mick J M van Eijs
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cheryl P Bruijnen
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anne S R van Lindert
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Karijn P M Suijkerbuijk
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anne M May
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Hapuarachi B, Danson S, Wadsley J, Muthana M. Exercise to transform tumours from cold to hot and improve immunotherapy responsiveness. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1335256. [PMID: 38149260 PMCID: PMC10749948 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1335256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise provides significant health benefits to patients diagnosed with cancer including improved survival outcomes, quality of life and reduced cancer recurrence. Across multiple murine cancer models, aerobic exercise and resistance training has exhibited anti-tumour properties illustrated by inhibited tumour growth, reduced metastatic potential and modulation of the tumour microenvironment to allow the recognition and destruction of cancer cells. Clinical studies have demonstrated the rapid mobilisation and circulatory release of mature lymphoid populations, myokines and cytokines that occurs with exercise along with tumour vasculature normalisation. Tumour microenvironments enriched with immune cells with anti-cancer potential, such as CD8+ T cells, are termed 'hot', whilst those favouring an immunosuppressive environment and lacking in effector immune cells are classed as 'cold'. Pre-clinical evidence suggests exercise training has the potential to reprogramme cold tumours to become hot, although this requires validation in clinical studies. This hot environment could potentiate immunotherapy responsiveness, improving survival outcomes of patients undergoing cancer immunotherapy and allow those with typically cold tumours to benefit from immunotherapy. This review discusses the complex interactions between exercise and cancer, including exercise-induced alterations within the tumour microenvironment and systemic immunity. The potential role exercise may play in improving cancer immunotherapy responsiveness is explored. This review also highlights the need for translational studies exploring the role of exercise in patients with cancer with the potential to widen the spectrum of tumours that derive significant benefit from immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brindley Hapuarachi
- University Sheffield, Division of Clinical Medicine, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Weston Park Cancer Centre, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Danson
- University Sheffield, Division of Clinical Medicine, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Weston Park Cancer Centre, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Wadsley
- Weston Park Cancer Centre, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Munitta Muthana
- University Sheffield, Division of Clinical Medicine, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Brummer C, Pukrop T, Wiskemann J, Bruss C, Ugele I, Renner K. Can Exercise Enhance the Efficacy of Checkpoint Inhibition by Modulating Anti-Tumor Immunity? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4668. [PMID: 37760634 PMCID: PMC10526963 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) has revolutionized cancer therapy. However, response to ICI is often limited to selected subsets of patients or not durable. Tumors that are non-responsive to checkpoint inhibition are characterized by low anti-tumoral immune cell infiltration and a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Exercise is known to promote immune cell circulation and improve immunosurveillance. Results of recent studies indicate that physical activity can induce mobilization and redistribution of immune cells towards the tumor microenvironment (TME) and therefore enhance anti-tumor immunity. This suggests a favorable impact of exercise on the efficacy of ICI. Our review delivers insight into possible molecular mechanisms of the crosstalk between muscle, tumor, and immune cells. It summarizes current data on exercise-induced effects on anti-tumor immunity and ICI in mice and men. We consider preclinical and clinical study design challenges and discuss the role of cancer type, exercise frequency, intensity, time, and type (FITT) and immune sensitivity as critical factors for exercise-induced impact on cancer immunosurveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Brummer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Ostbayern (CCCO), 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Pukrop
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Ostbayern (CCCO), 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Wiskemann
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Christina Bruss
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Ines Ugele
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (I.U.); (K.R.)
| | - Kathrin Renner
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Ostbayern (CCCO), 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (I.U.); (K.R.)
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Yang Z, Gao Y, He K, Sui X, Chen J, Wang T, Chen M, Wang Z, Yi J, Zhao L. Voluntarily wheel running inhibits the growth of CRPC xenograft by inhibiting HMGB1 in mice. Exp Gerontol 2023; 174:112118. [PMID: 36758649 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exercise has been proved to reduce the risk of recurrence and mortality of cancer. Emerging evidence indicated that exercise may regulate both systematical and local metabolism, immunity and other ways. Although the role of exercise in inhibiting castration-resistant prostate cancer is well established, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. METHOD Twenty C57BL/6 male mice were used to construct CRPC xenograft models and randomly divided into exercise group (n = 10) and control group (n = 10). After exercised with voluntarily wheel running for 21 days, the mice were sacrificed and the tumor tissues and serum were collected. TUNEL staining was used to detect the apoptosis of tumor cells. The expression of PI3K signal pathway and apoptosis related proteins were detected by Western blot. The expression of AR and HMGB1 were examined by Western blot and Immunohistochemical staining. IFN-γ, TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 in serum was examined using ELISA kits. RESULTS Voluntarily wheel running inhibited the growth of CRPC xenografts, inhibited the proliferation of tumor cells and promoted the apoptosis of tumor cells. HMGB1 levels in serum and tumor tissues were significantly reduced after exercise, which enhanced local immunity by inducing more leukocyte infiltration and inhibited systemic inflammatory response by regulating cytokines. CONCLUSION Voluntary wheel running can down-regulate the expression of HMGB1 in serum and transplanted tumor tissues, inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of tumor cells, enhance immune cell infiltration and systemic inflammatory response, and regulate local anti-tumor effects in tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyun Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Kang He
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xin Sui
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Junyu Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Taiwei Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Mengmeng Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jiang Yi
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China.
| | - Lijing Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Hamasaki H. High-intensity Interval Training in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Perspective from Previous Systematic Reviews. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2023; 23:1248-1253. [PMID: 37005528 DOI: 10.2174/1871530323666230330124105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
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Handford J, Chen M, Rai R, Moss CL, Enting D, Peat N, Karagiannis SN, Van Hemelrijck M, Russell B. Is There a Role for Exercise When Treating Patients with Cancer with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors? A Scoping Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205039. [PMID: 36291823 PMCID: PMC9599872 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of using exercise as a non-pharmacological intervention in patients with cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is not well known. Our objective was to determine the extent of, and identify gaps within, available literature addressing the effect of exercise on (a) oncological outcomes and (b) quality of life (QoL) in patients with cancer receiving ICIs, and (c) the underlying biological mechanisms for such effects. We conducted searches across EMBASE, APA PsycInfo and Ovid MEDLINE(R). Studies were eligible if they addressed at least one aspect of the objective and were available in the English language. Results were synthesised using a narrative approach and subsequently discussed with multidisciplinary stakeholders. As of the final search on 5 April 2022, 11 eligible studies were identified, of which 8 were preclinical and 3 were clinical. Clinical studies only focused on QoL-related outcomes. When studies were grouped by whether they addressed oncological outcomes (n = 7), QoL (n = 5) or biological mechanisms (n = 7), they were found to be heterogeneous in methodology and findings. Additional evidence, particularly in the clinical setting, is required before robust recommendations about whether, and how, to include exercise alongside ICI treatment can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Handford
- Translational Oncology and Urology Research (TOUR), School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Miaoqi Chen
- Translational Oncology and Urology Research (TOUR), School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ridesh Rai
- Translational Oncology and Urology Research (TOUR), School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Charlotte L. Moss
- Translational Oncology and Urology Research (TOUR), School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Deborah Enting
- Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Nicola Peat
- Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sophia N. Karagiannis
- St John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Mieke Van Hemelrijck
- Translational Oncology and Urology Research (TOUR), School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Beth Russell
- Translational Oncology and Urology Research (TOUR), School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
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Esser T, Zimmer P, Schier R. Preoperative exercise and prehabilitation. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2022; 35:667-673. [PMID: 36156505 DOI: 10.1097/aco.0000000000001188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this narrative review is to give an overview about the effects of multimodal prehabilitation and current existing and prospectively planned studies. The potential efficacy of exercise in the context of prehabilitation ranges from preoperatively improving patients' functional capacity to inducing cellular mechanisms that affect organ perfusion via endothelial regeneration, anti-inflammatory processes and tumour defense. RECENT FINDINGS Current studies show that prehabilitation is capable of reducing certain postoperative complications and length of hospital stay in certain patient populations. These findings are based on small to mid-size trials with large heterogeneity, lacking generalizability and evidence that prehabilitation has positive effects on long term survival. SUMMARY The concept of prehabilitation contains the features, namely preoperative exercise, nutritional intervention and psychological support. Preoperative exercise holds potential molecular effects that can be utilized in the perioperative period in order to improve patients' postoperative outcome. Future multimodal prehabilitation trials must specifically clarify the clinical impact of this concept on patients' quality of life after major cancer surgery and cancer-specific survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Esser
- Institute of Sports and Sports Medicine, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- Institute of Sports and Sports Medicine, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund
| | - Robert Schier
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Cologne, Germany
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Schenk A, Esser T, Belen S, Gunasekara N, Joisten N, Winker MT, Weike L, Bloch W, Heidenreich A, Herden J, Löser H, Oganesian S, Theurich S, Watzl C, Zimmer P. Distinct distribution patterns of exercise-induced natural killer cell mobilisation into the circulation and tumor tissue of patients with prostate cancer. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C879-C884. [PMID: 35912994 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00243.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The mobilization and activation of natural killer (NK) cells have been proposed as key mechanisms promoting anti oncogenic effects of physical exercise. Although mouse models have proven that physical exercise recruits NK cells to tumor tissue and inhibits tumor growth, this preclinical finding has not been transferred to the clinical setting yet. In this first-in-human study, we found that physical exercise mobilizes and redistributes NK cells, especially those with a cytotoxic phenotype, in line with preclinical models. However, physical exercise did not increase NK cell tumor infiltrates. Future studies should carefully distinguish between acute and chronic exercise modalities and should be encouraged to investigate more immune responsive tumor entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schenk
- TU Dortmund University, Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Tobias Esser
- TU Dortmund University, Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sergen Belen
- German Sport University Cologne, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nadira Gunasekara
- German Sport University Cologne, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Niklas Joisten
- TU Dortmund University, Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Matteo Thomas Winker
- German Sport University Cologne, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lea Weike
- Paderborn University, Institute of Sports Medicine, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- German Sport University Cologne, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Axel Heidenreich
- University Hospital Cologne, Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Uro-Oncology, Robot-Assisted and Reconstructive Urology, Cologne, Germany.,Medical University Vienna, Department of Urology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Herden
- University Hospital Cologne, Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Uro-Oncology, Robot-Assisted and Reconstructive Urology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heike Löser
- University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Cologne Germany
| | - Sabine Oganesian
- LMU Munich, University Hospital, Department of Medicine III, Munich, Germany and LMU Gene Center, Cancer- and Immunometabolism Research Group, Munich, Germany and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich Site, and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Theurich
- LMU Munich, University Hospital, Department of Medicine III, Munich, Germany and LMU Gene Center, Cancer- and Immunometabolism Research Group, Munich, Germany and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich Site, and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Watzl
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund University (IfADo), Department for Immunology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- TU Dortmund University, Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Dortmund, Germany
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