1
|
Patra S, Naik PP, Mahapatra KK, Alotaibi MR, Patil S, Patro BS, Sethi G, Efferth T, Bhutia SK. Recent advancement of autophagy in polyploid giant cancer cells and its interconnection with senescence and stemness for therapeutic opportunities. Cancer Lett 2024; 590:216843. [PMID: 38579893 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Recurrent chemotherapy-induced senescence and resistance are attributed to the polyploidization of cancer cells that involve genomic instability and poor prognosis due to their unique form of cellular plasticity. Autophagy, a pre-dominant cell survival mechanism, is crucial during carcinogenesis and chemotherapeutic stress, favouring polyploidization. The selective autophagic degradation of essential proteins associated with cell cycle progression checkpoints deregulate mitosis fidelity and genomic integrity, imparting polyploidization of cancer cells. In connection with cytokinesis failure and endoreduplication, autophagy promotes the formation, maintenance, and generation of the progeny of polyploid giant cancer cells. The polyploid cancer cells embark on autophagy-guarded elevation in the expression of stem cell markers, along with triggered epithelial and mesenchymal transition and senescence. The senescent polyploid escapers represent a high autophagic index than the polyploid progeny, suggesting regaining autophagy induction and subsequent autophagic degradation, which is essential for escaping from senescence/polyploidy, leading to a higher proliferative phenotypic progeny. This review documents the various causes of polyploidy and its consequences in cancer with relevance to autophagy modulation and its targeting for therapeutic intervention as a novel therapeutic strategy for personalized and precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srimanta Patra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Prajna Paramita Naik
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India; Department of Zoology Panchayat College, Bargarh, 768028, Odisha, India
| | - Kewal Kumar Mahapatra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India; Department of Agriculture and Allied Sciences (Zoology), C. V. Raman Global University, Bhubaneswar, 752054, Odisha, India
| | - Moureq Rashed Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT, 84095, USA
| | - Birija Sankar Patro
- Chemical Biology Section, Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sujit Kumar Bhutia
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Skrzeszewski M, Maciejewska M, Kobza D, Gawrylak A, Kieda C, Waś H. Risk factors of using late-autophagy inhibitors: Aspects to consider when combined with anticancer therapies. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116277. [PMID: 38740222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Cancer resistance to therapy is still an unsolved scientific and clinical problem. In 2022, the hallmarks of cancer have been expanded to include four new features, including cellular senescence. Therapy-induced senescence (TIS) is a stressor-based response to conventional treatment methods, e.g. chemo- and radiotherapy, but also to non-conventional targeted therapies. Since TIS reinforces resistance in cancers, new strategies for sensitizing cancer cells to therapy are being adopted. These include macroautophagy as a potential target for inhibition due to its potential cytoprotective role in many cancers. The mechanism of late-stage autophagy inhibitors is based on blockage of autophagolysosome formation or an increase in lysosomal pH, resulting in disrupted cargo degradation. Such inhibitors are relevant candidates for increasing anticancer therapy effectiveness. In particular, 4-aminoquoline derivatives: chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine (CQ/HCQ) have been tested in multiple clinical trials in combination with senescence-inducing anti-cancer drugs. In this review, we summarize the properties of selected late-autophagy inhibitors and their role in the regulation of autophagy and senescent cell phenotype in vitro and in vivo models of cancer as well as treatment response in clinical trials on oncological patients. Additionally, we point out that, although these compounds increase the effectiveness of treatment in some cases, their practical usage might be hindered due to systemic toxicity, hypoxic environment, dose- ant time-dependent inhibitory effects, as well as a possible contribution to escaping from TIS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Skrzeszewski
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine - National Research Institute, Poland; Doctoral School of Translational Medicine, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Poland
| | - Monika Maciejewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine - National Research Institute, Poland
| | - Dagmara Kobza
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine - National Research Institute, Poland; School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Aleksandra Gawrylak
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine - National Research Institute, Poland; Department of Immunology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Claudine Kieda
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine - National Research Institute, Poland; Centre for Molecular Biophysics, UPR CNRS 4301, Orléans, France; Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Halina Waś
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine - National Research Institute, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Conway PJ, Dao J, Kovalskyy D, Mahadevan D, Dray E. Polyploidy in Cancer: Causal Mechanisms, Cancer-Specific Consequences, and Emerging Treatments. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:638-647. [PMID: 38315992 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Drug resistance is the major determinant for metastatic disease and fatalities, across all cancers. Depending on the tissue of origin and the therapeutic course, a variety of biological mechanisms can support and sustain drug resistance. Although genetic mutations and gene silencing through epigenetic mechanisms are major culprits in targeted therapy, drug efflux and polyploidization are more global mechanisms that prevail in a broad range of pathologies, in response to a variety of treatments. There is an unmet need to identify patients at risk for polyploidy, understand the mechanisms underlying polyploidization, and to develop strategies to predict, limit, and reverse polyploidy thus enhancing efficacy of standard-of-care therapy that improve better outcomes. This literature review provides an overview of polyploidy in cancer and offers perspective on patient monitoring and actionable therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Conway
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Molecular Immunology & Microbiology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jonathan Dao
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Dmytro Kovalskyy
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Daruka Mahadevan
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Molecular Immunology & Microbiology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Eloise Dray
- Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ghosh S, Choudhury D, Ghosh D, Mondal M, Singha D, Malakar P. Characterization of polyploidy in cancer: Current status and future perspectives. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131706. [PMID: 38643921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Various cancers frequently exhibit polyploidy, observed in a condition where a cell possesses more than two sets of chromosomes, which is considered a hallmark of the disease. The state of polyploidy often leads to aneuploidy, where cells possess an abnormal number or structure of chromosomes. Recent studies suggest that oncogenes contribute to aneuploidy. This finding significantly underscores its impact on cancer. Cancer cells exposed to certain chemotherapeutic drugs tend to exhibit an increased incidence of polyploidy. This occurrence is strongly associated with several challenges in cancer treatment, including metastasis, resistance to chemotherapy and the recurrence of malignant tumors. Indeed, it poses a significant hurdle to achieve complete tumor eradication and effective cancer therapy. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the field of polyploidy related to cancer for developing effective anti-cancer therapies. Polyploid cancer cells confer both advantages and disadvantages to tumor pathogenicity. This review delineates the diverse characteristics of polyploid cells, elucidates the pivotal role of polyploidy in cancer, and explores the advantages and disadvantages it imparts to cancer cells, along with the current approaches tried in lab settings to target polyploid cells. Additionally, it considers experimental strategies aimed at addressing the outstanding questions within the realm of polyploidy in relation to cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srijonee Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
| | - Debopriya Choudhury
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
| | - Dhruba Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
| | - Meghna Mondal
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
| | - Didhiti Singha
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
| | - Pushkar Malakar
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zheng M, Tian S, Zhou X, Yan M, Zhou M, Yu Y, Zhang Y, Wang X, Li N, Ren L, Zhang S. MITF regulates the subcellular location of HIF1α through SUMOylation to promote the invasion and metastasis of daughter cells derived from polyploid giant cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2024; 51:63. [PMID: 38456491 PMCID: PMC10940875 DOI: 10.3892/or.2024.8722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
High concentrations of cobalt chloride (CoCl2) can induce the formation of polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) in various tumors, which can produce daughter cells with strong proliferative, migratory and invasive abilities via asymmetric division. To study the role of hypoxia‑inducible factor (HIF) 1α in the formation of PGCCs, colon cancer cell lines Hct116 and LoVo were used as experimental subjects. Western blotting, nuclear and cytoplasmic protein extraction and immunocytochemical experiments were used to compare the changes in the expression and subcellular localization of HIF1α, microphthalmia‑associated transcription factor (MITF), protein inhibitor of activated STAT protein 4 (PIAS4) and von Hippel‑Lindau disease tumor suppressor (VHL) after treatment with CoCl2. The SUMOylation of HIFα was verified by co‑immunoprecipitation assay. After inhibiting HIF1α SUMOylation, the changes in proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of Hct116 and LoVo were compared by plate colony formation, wound healing and Transwell migration and invasion. In addition, lysine sites that led to SUMOylation of HIF1α were identified through site mutation experiments. The results showed that CoCl2 can induce the formation of PGCCs with the expression level of HIF1α higher in treated cells than in control cells. HIF1α was primarily located in the cytoplasm of control cell. Following CoCl2 treatment, the subcellular localization of HIF1α was primarily in the nuclei of PGCCs with daughter cells (PDCs). After treatment with SUMOylation inhibitors, the nuclear HIF1α expression in PDCs decreased. Furthermore, their proliferation, migration and invasion abilities also decreased. After inhibiting the expression of MITF, the expression of HIF1α decreased. MITF can regulate HIF1α SUMOylation. Expression and subcellular localization of VHL and HIF1α did not change following PIAS4 knockdown. SUMOylation of HIF1α occurs at the amino acid sites K391 and K477 in PDCs. After mutation of the two sites, nuclear expression of HIF1α in PDCs was reduced, along with a significant reduction in the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities. In conclusion, the post‑translation modification regulated the subcellular location of HIF1α and the nuclear expression of HIF1α promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of PDCs. MITF could regulate the transcription and protein levels of HIF1α and participate in the regulation of HIF1α SUMOylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minying Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, P.R. China
| | - Shifeng Tian
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, P.R. China
| | - Xinyue Zhou
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Man Yan
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Mingming Zhou
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Yongjun Yu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorui Wang
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Na Li
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institution and Hospital, Tianjin 300090, P.R. China
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
White-Gilbertson S, Lu P, Saatci O, Sahin O, Delaney JR, Ogretmen B, Voelkel-Johnson C. Transcriptome analysis of polyploid giant cancer cells and their progeny reveals a functional role for p21 in polyploidization and depolyploidization. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107136. [PMID: 38447798 PMCID: PMC10979113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCC) are frequently detected in tumors and are increasingly recognized for their roles in chromosomal instability and associated genome evolution that leads to cancer recurrence. We previously reported that therapy stress promotes polyploidy, and that acid ceramidase plays a role in depolyploidization. In this study, we used an RNA-seq approach to gain a better understanding of the underlying transcriptomic changes that occur as cancer cells progress through polyploidization and depolyploidization. Our results revealed gene signatures that are associated with disease-free and/or overall survival in several cancers and identified the cell cycle inhibitor CDKN1A/p21 as the major hub in PGCC and early progeny. Increased expression of p21 in PGCC was limited to the cytoplasm. We previously demonstrated that the sphingolipid enzyme acid ceramidase is dispensable for polyploidization upon therapy stress but plays a crucial role in depolyploidization. The current study demonstrates that treatment of cells with ceramide is not sufficient for p53-independent induction of p21 and that knockdown of acid ceramidase, which hydrolyzes ceramide, does not interfere with upregulation of p21. In contrast, blocking the expression of p21 with UC2288 prevented the induction of acid ceramidase and inhibited both the formation of PGCC from parental cells as well as the generation of progeny from PGCC. Taken together, our data suggest that p21 functions upstream of acid ceramidase and plays an important role in polyploidization and depolyploidization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shai White-Gilbertson
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ozge Saatci
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ozgur Sahin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Joe R Delaney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Besim Ogretmen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Christina Voelkel-Johnson
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jiao Y, Yu Y, Zheng M, Yan M, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhang S. Dormant cancer cells and polyploid giant cancer cells: The roots of cancer recurrence and metastasis. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1567. [PMID: 38362620 PMCID: PMC10870057 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumour cell dormancy is critical for metastasis and resistance to chemoradiotherapy. Polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) with giant or multiple nuclei and high DNA content have the properties of cancer stem cell and single PGCCs can individually generate tumours in immunodeficient mice. PGCCs represent a dormant form of cancer cells that survive harsh tumour conditions and contribute to tumour recurrence. Hypoxic mimics, chemotherapeutics, radiation and cytotoxic traditional Chinese medicines can induce PGCCs formation through endoreduplication and/or cell fusion. After incubation, dormant PGCCs can recover from the treatment and produce daughter cells with strong proliferative, migratory and invasive abilities via asymmetric cell division. Additionally, PGCCs can resist hypoxia or chemical stress and have a distinct protein signature that involves chromatin remodelling and cell cycle regulation. Dormant PGCCs form the cellular basis for therapeutic resistance, metastatic cascade and disease recurrence. This review summarises regulatory mechanisms governing dormant cancer cells entry and exit of dormancy, which may be used by PGCCs, and potential therapeutic strategies for targeting PGCCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Jiao
- School of Integrative MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Yongjun Yu
- Department of PathologyTianjin Union Medical CenterTianjinChina
| | - Minying Zheng
- Department of PathologyTianjin Union Medical CenterNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Man Yan
- School of Integrative MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Jiangping Wang
- School of Integrative MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Integrative MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- Department of PathologyTianjin Union Medical CenterTianjinChina
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Patra S, Singh A, Praharaj PP, Mohanta NK, Jena M, Patro BS, Abusharha A, Patil S, Bhutia SK. SIRT1 inhibits mitochondrial hyperfusion associated mito-bulb formation to sensitize oral cancer cells for apoptosis in a mtROS-dependent signalling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:732. [PMID: 37949849 PMCID: PMC10638388 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06232-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
SIRT1 (NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1), a class III histone deacetylase acting as a tumor suppressor gene, is downregulated in oral cancer cells. Non-apoptotic doses of cisplatin (CDDP) downregulate SIRT1 expression advocating the mechanism of drug resistance. SIRT1 downregulation orchestrates inhibition of DNM1L-mediated mitochondrial fission, subsequently leading to the formation of hyperfused mitochondrial networks. The hyperfused mitochondrial networks preserve the release of cytochrome C (CYCS) by stabilizing the mitochondrial inner membrane cristae (formation of mitochondrial nucleoid clustering mimicking mito-bulb like structures) and reducing the generation of mitochondrial superoxide to inhibit apoptosis. Overexpression of SIRT1 reverses the mitochondrial hyperfusion by initiating DNM1L-regulated mitochondrial fission. In the overexpressed cells, inhibition of mitochondrial hyperfusion and nucleoid clustering (mito-bulbs) facilitates the cytoplasmic release of CYCS along with an enhanced generation of mitochondrial superoxide for the subsequent induction of apoptosis. Further, low-dose priming with gallic acid (GA), a bio-active SIRT1 activator, nullifies CDDP-mediated apoptosis inhibition by suppressing mitochondrial hyperfusion. In this setting, SIRT1 knockdown hinders apoptosis activation in GA-primed oral cancer cells. Similarly, SIRT1 overexpression in the CDDP resistance oral cancer-derived polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) re-sensitizes the cells to apoptosis. Interestingly, synergistically treated with CDDP, GA induces apoptosis in the PGCCs by inhibiting mitochondrial hyperfusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srimanta Patra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Amruta Singh
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Prakash P Praharaj
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Nitish K Mohanta
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Mrutyunjay Jena
- Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, 760007, India
| | - Birija S Patro
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Ali Abusharha
- Optometry Department, Applied Medical Sciences Collage, King Saud University, Riyadh, 145111, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, 84095, UT, USA
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, India
| | - Sujit K Bhutia
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
El Baba R, Haidar Ahmad S, Monnien F, Mansar R, Bibeau F, Herbein G. Polyploidy, EZH2 upregulation, and transformation in cytomegalovirus-infected human ovarian epithelial cells. Oncogene 2023; 42:3047-3061. [PMID: 37634008 PMCID: PMC10555822 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02813-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection has been implicated in epithelial ovarian cancer (OC). Polyploidy giant cancer cells (PGCCs) have been observed in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC); they possess cancer stem cell-like characteristics and give rise to progeny cells expressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. EZH2 plays a potential oncogenic role, correlating with high proliferative index and tumor grade in OC. Herein, we present the experimental evidence for HCMV as a reprogramming vector that elicited human ovarian epithelial cells (OECs) transformation leading to the generation of "CMV-transformed Ovarian cells" (CTO). The infection with the two high-risk clinical strains, namely HCMV-DB and BL provoked a distinct cellular and molecular mechanisms in infected OECs. EZH2 upregulation and cellular proliferation were curtailed by using EZH2 inhibitors. The HGSOC biopsies were characterized by an elevated EZH2 expression, possessing a strong positive correlation between the aforementioned marker and HCMV. From HGSOC biopsies, we isolated three HCMV clinical strains that transformed OECs generating CTO cells which displayed proliferative potentials in addition to EZH2 upregulation and PGCCs generation; these features were reduced upon EZH2 inhibition. High-risk HCMV strains transformed OECs confirming an HCMV-induced epithelial ovarian cancer model and highlighting EZH2 tumorigenic properties. Our findings might be highly relevant in the pathophysiology of ovarian tumors thereby nominating new targeted therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranim El Baba
- Department of Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB Laboratory EA4266, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Sandy Haidar Ahmad
- Department of Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB Laboratory EA4266, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | | | - Racha Mansar
- Department of Pathology, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France
| | | | - Georges Herbein
- Department of Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB Laboratory EA4266, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.
- Department of Virology, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hazra S, Kalyan Dinda S, Kumar Mondal N, Hossain SR, Datta P, Yasmin Mondal A, Malakar P, Manna D. Giant cells: multiple cells unite to survive. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1220589. [PMID: 37790914 PMCID: PMC10543420 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1220589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multinucleated Giant Cells (MGCs) are specialized cells that develop from the fusion of multiple cells, and their presence is commonly observed in human cells during various infections. However, MGC formation is not restricted to infections alone but can also occur through different mechanisms, such as endoreplication and abortive cell cycle. These processes lead to the formation of polyploid cells, eventually resulting in the formation of MGCs. In Entamoeba, a protozoan parasite that causes amoebic dysentery and liver abscesses in humans, the formation of MGCs is a unique phenomenon and not been reported in any other protozoa. This organism is exposed to various hostile environmental conditions, including changes in temperature, pH, and nutrient availability, which can lead to stress and damage to its cells. The formation of MGCs in Entamoeba is thought to be a survival strategy to cope with these adverse conditions. This organism forms MGCs through cell aggregation and fusion in response to osmotic and heat stress. The MGCs in Entamoeba are thought to have increased resistance to various stresses and can survive longer than normal cells under adverse conditions. This increased survival could be due to the presence of multiple nuclei, which could provide redundancy in case of DNA damage or mutations. Additionally, MGCs may play a role in the virulence of Entamoeba as they are found in the inflammatory foci of amoebic liver abscesses and other infections caused by Entamoeba. The presence of MGCs in these infections suggests that they may contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. Overall, this article offers valuable insights into the intriguing phenomenon of MGC formation in Entamoeba. By unraveling the mechanisms behind this process and examining its implications, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of the complex biology of Entamoeba and potentially identify new targets for therapeutic interventions. The study of MGCs in Entamoeba serves as a gateway to exploring the broader field of cell fusion in various organisms, providing a foundation for future investigations into related cellular processes and their significance in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shreyasee Hazra
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
| | - Suman Kalyan Dinda
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
| | - Naba Kumar Mondal
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
| | - Sk Rajjack Hossain
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
| | - Pratyay Datta
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
| | - Afsana Yasmin Mondal
- Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Pushkar Malakar
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
| | - Dipak Manna
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Neves Rebello Alves L, Dummer Meira D, Poppe Merigueti L, Correia Casotti M, do Prado Ventorim D, Ferreira Figueiredo Almeida J, Pereira de Sousa V, Cindra Sant'Ana M, Gonçalves Coutinho da Cruz R, Santos Louro L, Mendonça Santana G, Erik Santos Louro T, Evangelista Salazar R, Ribeiro Campos da Silva D, Stefani Siqueira Zetum A, Silva Dos Reis Trabach R, Imbroisi Valle Errera F, de Paula F, de Vargas Wolfgramm Dos Santos E, Fagundes de Carvalho E, Drumond Louro I. Biomarkers in Breast Cancer: An Old Story with a New End. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1364. [PMID: 37510269 PMCID: PMC10378988 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second most frequent cancer in the world. It is a heterogeneous disease and the leading cause of cancer mortality in women. Advances in molecular technologies allowed for the identification of new and more specifics biomarkers for breast cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and risk prediction, enabling personalized treatments, improving therapy, and preventing overtreatment, undertreatment, and incorrect treatment. Several breast cancer biomarkers have been identified and, along with traditional biomarkers, they can assist physicians throughout treatment plan and increase therapy success. Despite the need of more data to improve specificity and determine the real clinical utility of some biomarkers, others are already established and can be used as a guide to make treatment decisions. In this review, we summarize the available traditional, novel, and potential biomarkers while also including gene expression profiles, breast cancer single-cell and polyploid giant cancer cells. We hope to help physicians understand tumor specific characteristics and support decision-making in patient-personalized clinical management, consequently improving treatment outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lyvia Neves Rebello Alves
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, ES, Brazil
| | - Débora Dummer Meira
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, ES, Brazil
| | - Luiza Poppe Merigueti
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil
| | - Matheus Correia Casotti
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, ES, Brazil
| | - Diego do Prado Ventorim
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Espírito Santo (Ifes), Cariacica 29150-410, ES, Brazil
| | - Jucimara Ferreira Figueiredo Almeida
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil
| | - Valdemir Pereira de Sousa
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, ES, Brazil
| | - Marllon Cindra Sant'Ana
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil
| | - Rahna Gonçalves Coutinho da Cruz
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil
| | - Luana Santos Louro
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Curso de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29090-040, ES, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Mendonça Santana
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Curso de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29090-040, ES, Brazil
| | - Thomas Erik Santos Louro
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória (EMESCAM), Vitória 29027-502, ES, Brazil
| | - Rhana Evangelista Salazar
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, ES, Brazil
| | - Danielle Ribeiro Campos da Silva
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, ES, Brazil
| | - Aléxia Stefani Siqueira Zetum
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, ES, Brazil
| | - Raquel Silva Dos Reis Trabach
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil
| | - Flávia Imbroisi Valle Errera
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, ES, Brazil
| | - Flávia de Paula
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, ES, Brazil
| | - Eldamária de Vargas Wolfgramm Dos Santos
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, ES, Brazil
| | - Elizeu Fagundes de Carvalho
- Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes (IBRAG), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, RJ, Brazil
| | - Iúri Drumond Louro
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, ES, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mallin MM, Kim N, Choudhury MI, Lee SJ, An SS, Sun SX, Konstantopoulos K, Pienta KJ, Amend SR. Cells in the polyaneuploid cancer cell (PACC) state have increased metastatic potential. Clin Exp Metastasis 2023:10.1007/s10585-023-10216-8. [PMID: 37326720 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-023-10216-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although metastasis is the leading cause of cancer deaths, it is quite rare at the cellular level. Only a rare subset of cancer cells (~ 1 in 1.5 billion) can complete the entire metastatic cascade: invasion, intravasation, survival in the circulation, extravasation, and colonization (i.e. are metastasis competent). We propose that cells engaging a Polyaneuploid Cancer Cell (PACC) phenotype are metastasis competent. Cells in the PACC state are enlarged, endocycling (i.e. non-dividing) cells with increased genomic content that form in response to stress. Single-cell tracking using time lapse microscopy reveals that PACC state cells have increased motility. Additionally, cells in the PACC state exhibit increased capacity for environment-sensing and directional migration in chemotactic environments, predicting successful invasion. Magnetic Twisting Cytometry and Atomic Force Microscopy reveal that cells in the PACC state display hyper-elastic properties like increased peripheral deformability and maintained peri-nuclear cortical integrity that predict successful intravasation and extravasation. Furthermore, four orthogonal methods reveal that cells in the PACC state have increased expression of vimentin, a hyper-elastic biomolecule known to modulate biomechanical properties and induce mesenchymal-like motility. Taken together, these data indicate that cells in the PACC state have increased metastatic potential and are worthy of further in vivo analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela M Mallin
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Training Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Cancer Ecology Center, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Nicholas Kim
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | - Se Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven S An
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Sean X Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Kenneth J Pienta
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Training Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cancer Ecology Center, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarah R Amend
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Training Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cancer Ecology Center, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mirzayans R, Murray D. What Are the Reasons for Continuing Failures in Cancer Therapy? Are Misleading/Inappropriate Preclinical Assays to Be Blamed? Might Some Modern Therapies Cause More Harm than Benefit? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13217. [PMID: 36362004 PMCID: PMC9655591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 50 years of cancer research has resulted in the generation of massive amounts of information, but relatively little progress has been made in the treatment of patients with solid tumors, except for extending their survival for a few months at best. Here, we will briefly discuss some of the reasons for this failure, focusing on the limitations and sometimes misunderstanding of the clinical relevance of preclinical assays that are widely used to identify novel anticancer drugs and treatment strategies (e.g., "synthetic lethality"). These include colony formation, apoptosis (e.g., caspase-3 activation), immunoblotting, and high-content multiwell plate cell-based assays, as well as tumor growth studies in animal models. A major limitation is that such assays are rarely designed to recapitulate the tumor repopulating properties associated with therapy-induced cancer cell dormancy (durable proliferation arrest) reflecting, for example, premature senescence, polyploidy and/or multinucleation. Furthermore, pro-survival properties of apoptotic cancer cells through phoenix rising, failed apoptosis, and/or anastasis (return from the brink of death), as well as cancer immunoediting and the impact of therapeutic agents on interactions between cancer and immune cells are often overlooked in preclinical studies. A brief review of the history of cancer research makes one wonder if modern strategies for treating patients with solid tumors may sometimes cause more harm than benefit.
Collapse
|
14
|
Helke KL, Gudi RR, Vasu C, Delaney JR. Combination of Autophagy Selective Therapeutics With Doxil: An Assessment of Pathological Toxicity. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:937150. [PMID: 35846434 PMCID: PMC9276957 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.937150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Combination therapy of targeted drugs in cancer treatment is a field in constant flux, with research balancing side effects with efficacy. Efficacy from combination therapy is improved either through synthetic lethality or through prevention of recurrent clones. Previous research has shown (hydroxy-)chloroquine is insufficient to disrupt autophagy in tumors. Hence, either combinations or novel autophagy agents are desired. In vivo studies of ovarian cancer have revealed that chloroquine can be combined with up to four other autophagy drugs to suppress ovarian cancer growth. While cancer efficacy is now established for the autophagy drug combination, it is unclear what toxicities may require monitoring in human trials. Additive toxicity with chemotherapy is also unknown.Methods: To address toxicity in more depth than previous weight-monitoring studies, biochemical and histopathology studies were performed. Mouse groups were treated with autophagy drugs for 2 weeks, with or without the chemotherapy Doxil. After the last dose, mice were processed for blood biochemistry, white blood cell markers, and histopathology.Results: Data from a comprehensive blood biochemistry panel, flow cytometric measurements of blood cell markers, and histopathology are herein reported. While Doxil presented clear bone marrow and immunologic toxicity, autophagy drugs were overall less toxic and more variable in their presentation of potential toxicities. Only minor additive effects of autophagy drugs with Doxil were observed.Conclusion: Combinations of autophagy drugs may be considered for therapy in human oncology trials, with possible side effects to monitor informed by these murine pre-clinical data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristi L. Helke
- Departments of Comparative Medicine, and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Radhika R. Gudi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Chenthamarakshan Vasu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Joe R. Delaney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- *Correspondence: Joe R. Delaney,
| |
Collapse
|