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Alysha D, Blair C, Thomas P, Pham T, Nguyen T, Cordato TR, Badge H, Chappelow N, Lin L, Edwards L, Thomas J, Hodgkinson S, Cappelen-Smith C, McDougall A, Cordato DJ, Parsons M. Comparative Prevalence of Cerebrovascular Disease in Vietnamese Communities in South-Western Sydney. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2024; 11:164. [PMID: 38921664 PMCID: PMC11203452 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd11060164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities are growing globally. Understanding patterns of cerebrovascular disease in these communities may improve health outcomes. We aimed to compare the rates of transient ischaemic attack (TIA), ischaemic stroke (IS), intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAD), and stroke risk factors in Vietnamese-born residents of South-Western Sydney (SWS) with those of an Australian-born cohort. A 10-year retrospective analysis (2011-2020) was performed using data extracted from the Health Information Exchange database characterising stroke presentations and risk factor profiles. The rates of hypertension (83.7% vs. 70.3%, p < 0.001) and dyslipidaemia (81.0% vs. 68.2%, p < 0.001) were significantly higher in Vietnamese patients, while the rates of ischaemic heart disease (10.4% vs. 20.3%, p < 0.001), smoking (24.4% vs. 40.8%, p < 0.001), and alcohol abuse (>1 drink/day) (9.6% vs. 15.9%, p < 0.001) were lower. The rates of ICAD and ICH were higher in Vietnamese patients (30.9% vs. 6.9%, p < 0.001 and 24.7% vs. 14.4%, p = 0.002). Regression analysis revealed that diabetes (OR: 1.86; 95% CI: 1.14-3.04, p = 0.014) and glycosylated haemoglobin (OR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.15-1.98, p = 0.003) were predictors of ICAD in Vietnamese patients. Vietnamese patients had higher rates of symptomatic ICAD and ICH, with unique risk factor profiles. Culturally specific interventions arising from these findings may more effectively reduce the community burden of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deena Alysha
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (D.A.); (C.B.); (T.P.); (T.N.); (T.R.C.); (N.C.); (J.T.); (S.H.); (M.P.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia;
- South-Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Christopher Blair
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (D.A.); (C.B.); (T.P.); (T.N.); (T.R.C.); (N.C.); (J.T.); (S.H.); (M.P.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia;
- South-Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Peter Thomas
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (D.A.); (C.B.); (T.P.); (T.N.); (T.R.C.); (N.C.); (J.T.); (S.H.); (M.P.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia;
- South-Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Timmy Pham
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (D.A.); (C.B.); (T.P.); (T.N.); (T.R.C.); (N.C.); (J.T.); (S.H.); (M.P.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia;
| | - Tram Nguyen
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (D.A.); (C.B.); (T.P.); (T.N.); (T.R.C.); (N.C.); (J.T.); (S.H.); (M.P.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia;
- South-Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Theodore Ross Cordato
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (D.A.); (C.B.); (T.P.); (T.N.); (T.R.C.); (N.C.); (J.T.); (S.H.); (M.P.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia;
| | - Helen Badge
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (D.A.); (C.B.); (T.P.); (T.N.); (T.R.C.); (N.C.); (J.T.); (S.H.); (M.P.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia;
- South-Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Nicola Chappelow
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (D.A.); (C.B.); (T.P.); (T.N.); (T.R.C.); (N.C.); (J.T.); (S.H.); (M.P.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia;
| | - Longting Lin
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia;
| | - Leon Edwards
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (D.A.); (C.B.); (T.P.); (T.N.); (T.R.C.); (N.C.); (J.T.); (S.H.); (M.P.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia;
- South-Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - James Thomas
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (D.A.); (C.B.); (T.P.); (T.N.); (T.R.C.); (N.C.); (J.T.); (S.H.); (M.P.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia;
- South-Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Suzanne Hodgkinson
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (D.A.); (C.B.); (T.P.); (T.N.); (T.R.C.); (N.C.); (J.T.); (S.H.); (M.P.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia;
- South-Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Cecilia Cappelen-Smith
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (D.A.); (C.B.); (T.P.); (T.N.); (T.R.C.); (N.C.); (J.T.); (S.H.); (M.P.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia;
- South-Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Alan McDougall
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (D.A.); (C.B.); (T.P.); (T.N.); (T.R.C.); (N.C.); (J.T.); (S.H.); (M.P.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia;
- South-Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Dennis John Cordato
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (D.A.); (C.B.); (T.P.); (T.N.); (T.R.C.); (N.C.); (J.T.); (S.H.); (M.P.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia;
- South-Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Mark Parsons
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia; (D.A.); (C.B.); (T.P.); (T.N.); (T.R.C.); (N.C.); (J.T.); (S.H.); (M.P.)
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia;
- South-Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia
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Walters G, Dring KJ, Nevill BA, Cooper SB, Nevill AM, Nevill ME, Morris JG. Short-Term High-Intensity Rowing Ergometry Training Improves Rowing Performance Equally in Healthy Weight and Obese Adolescents. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:885-892. [PMID: 38181216 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Childhood obesity is a major health concern and physical activity is commonly proposed as an intervention strategy to combat the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in young people. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of high-intensity, supervised, rowing ergometer training on maximal and submaximal rowing performance in healthy weight and centrally obese adolescents (12-13 yr). METHODS Participants were randomized to either 6 wk of supervised rowing ergometry, comprising of 2 sessions per week with each session comprising of 2 × 3-min bouts of high-intensity rowing ergometry ( n = 57), or a control group who continued with their habitual activities ( n = 45). At baseline and follow-up, rowing performance was assessed via a submaximal test and a 3-min maximal test. RESULTS Six weeks of rowing ergometer training significantly improved maximal exercise performance; total distance rowed in a 3-min maximal effort improved by 19.7 m (2.7%) (time × group, P = 0.018) and produced a significant reduction in perceived effort in response to a set submaximal load (60 W) (time × group, P = 0.040). At baseline total distance rowed during the 3-min maximal test was significantly affected by body mass (main effect of body mass, P = 0.002), whereby a higher body mass was associated with enhanced rowing performance. However, the pattern of change over time was not different between healthy weight and centrally obese adolescents (time × group × waist centile, P = 0.577). CONCLUSIONS A 6-wk high-intensity rowing ergometry training intervention improved maximal rowing performance. This improvement was similar in healthy weight versus overweight and obese adolescents; yet overall overweight and obese adolescents had superior rowing performance compared to their healthy weight counterparts, suggesting that rowing may be an attractive exercise modality for interventions in overweight and obese young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Walters
- Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Karah J Dring
- Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Simon B Cooper
- Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Alan M Nevill
- School of Sport, Performing Arts and Leisure, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Mary E Nevill
- Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - John G Morris
- Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UNITED KINGDOM
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Wang X, Wu Y, Fu L, Fu X, Pang C, Zang S. Inter-relationships of obesity-related eating behavior with depression and anxiety among adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: A network analysis. Appetite 2024; 192:107120. [PMID: 37972655 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted individuals' mental health, resulting in a higher incidence of depression, anxiety, and changes in eating behaviors. The objective of this study is to examine the inter-relationships among obesity-related eating behavior, depression, and anxiety in adults during the COVID-19 pandemic, utilizing a network analysis method. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among a representative sample of 9091 adults between July 10 and September 15, 2021. Participants completed self-report measures to assess obesity-related eating behavior and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Network analysis was employed to investigate the inter-relationships among these variables. The network analysis revealed that item 2 (i.e., Do not feel satisfied unless I eat until full) exhibited the highest node strength within the network, followed by item 5 (i.e., Like oily foods). In addition, positive correlations were found between the severity of depression and anxiety and most of the obesity-related eating behavior items. These findings offer valuable insights into the interplay between obesity-related eating behavior, depression, and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic, underscoring the significance of considering these factors in comprehending and addressing mental health and well-being in adults. Further research is warranted to explore potential interventions and treatment approaches that specifically target the identified relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Department of Community Nursing, School of Nursing, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, China.
| | - Yibo Wu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Li Fu
- Nursing Department, Guangzhou Elderly Home, No.1288 Guangcong 10th Road, Zhongluotan Town, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510550, China.
| | - Xiao Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao West Coast New District Central Hospital, No.9 Huangpujiang Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266555, China.
| | - Chang Pang
- Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, No.20 Bei Jiu Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110002, China.
| | - Shuang Zang
- Department of Community Nursing, School of Nursing, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, China.
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Cordato D, Blair C, Thomas P, Firtko A, Miller M, Edwards LS, Thomas J, Balabanski AH, Dos Santos A, Lin L, Hodgkinson S, Cappelen-Smith C, Beran RG, McDougall A, Parsons M. Cerebrovascular Disease Profiles of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Communities in South Western Sydney and New South Wales. Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 51:744-754. [PMID: 35551130 DOI: 10.1159/000524242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities are growing globally. Understanding patterns of cerebrovascular disease in CALD communities may improve health outcomes through culturally specific interventions. We compared rates of transient ischaemic attack (TIA)/stroke (ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage) and stroke risk factor prevalence in overseas and Australian-born people in South Western Sydney (SWS) and New South Wales (NSW). METHODS This was a 10-year retrospective analysis (2011-2020) of SWS and NSW age-standardized rates per 100,000 person-years of TIA/stroke. Data were extracted from Health Information Exchange and Secure Analytics for Population Health Research and Intelligence systems. Rates of hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), atrial fibrillation (AF), smoking, and obesity were also calculated. RESULTS The SWS and NSW age-standardized rate of TIA/stroke for people born in Australia was 100 per 100,000 person-years (100/100,000/year). In SWS, 56.6% of people were overseas-born compared to 29.8% for NSW. The age-standardized rate of TIA/stroke for Polynesian-born people was more than double that of Australian-born people (p < 0.001). Hypertension (33 [SWS] vs. 27/100,000/year [NSW]) and T2DM (36 [SWS] vs. 26/100,000/year [NSW]) were the most common risk factors with rates >50/100,000/year (hypertension) and >80/100,000/year (T2DM) for people born in Polynesia, Melanesia, and Central America. Rates of T2DM, AF, and obesity for Polynesian-born people were over threefold greater than people born in Australia. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Greater rates of TIA/stroke were observed in specific CALD communities, with increased rates of cerebrovascular risk factors. Culturally specific, targeted interventions may bridge health inequalities in cerebrovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Cordato
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,South Western Sydney Stroke and Research Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Brain Centre, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher Blair
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, .,South Western Sydney Stroke and Research Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, .,Sydney Brain Centre, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, .,South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,
| | - Peter Thomas
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,South Western Sydney Stroke and Research Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Brain Centre, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Angela Firtko
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,South Western Sydney Stroke and Research Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Brain Centre, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Megan Miller
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,South Western Sydney Stroke and Research Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Brain Centre, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Leon Stephen Edwards
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,South Western Sydney Stroke and Research Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Brain Centre, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Thomas
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,South Western Sydney Stroke and Research Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Brain Centre, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anna H Balabanski
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Angela Dos Santos
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Longting Lin
- South Western Sydney Stroke and Research Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Brain Centre, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Suzanne Hodgkinson
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,South Western Sydney Stroke and Research Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Brain Centre, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cecilia Cappelen-Smith
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,South Western Sydney Stroke and Research Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Brain Centre, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roy G Beran
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,South Western Sydney Stroke and Research Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Brain Centre, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine, Griffith University, Broadbeach, Queensland, Australia.,Sechenov Moscow First State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alan McDougall
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,South Western Sydney Stroke and Research Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Brain Centre, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Parsons
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,South Western Sydney Stroke and Research Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Brain Centre, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Khatri RB, Assefa Y. Access to health services among culturally and linguistically diverse populations in the Australian universal health care system: issues and challenges. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:880. [PMID: 35505307 PMCID: PMC9063872 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13256-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background About half of first- or second-generation Australians are born overseas, and one-in-five speak English as their second language at home which often are referred to as Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) populations. These people have varied health needs and face several barriers in accessing health services. Nevertheless, there are limited studies that synthesised these challenges. This study aimed to explore issues and challenges in accessing health services among CALD populations in Australia. Methods We conducted a scoping review of the literature published from 1st January 1970 to 30th October 2021 in four databases: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and the Web of Science. The search strategy was developed around CALD populations and the health services within the Australian context. We used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines for selection and Arksey and O’Malley framework for analysis of relevant articles. A narrative synthesis of data was conducted using inductive thematic analysis approach. Identified issues and challenges were described using an adapted socioecological model. Results A total of 64 studies were included in the final review. Several challenges at various levels were identified to influence access to health services utilisation. Individual and family level challenges were related to interacting social and health conditions, poor health literacy, multimorbidity, diminishing healthy migrants’ effect. Community and organisational level challenges were acculturation leading to unhealthy food behaviours and lifestyles, language and communication problems, inadequate interpretation services, and poor cultural competency of providers. Finally, challenges at systems and policy levels included multiple structural disadvantages and vulnerabilities, inadequate health systems and services to address the needs of CALD populations. Conclusions People from CALD backgrounds have multiple interacting social factors and diseases, low access to health services, and face challenges in the multilevel health and social systems. Health systems and services need to focus on treating multimorbidity through culturally appropriate health interventions that can effectively prevent and control diseases. Existing health services can be strengthened by ensuring multilingual health resources and onsite interpreters. Addressing structural challenges needs a holistic policy intervention such as improving social determinants of health (e.g., improving living and working conditions and reducing socioeconomic disparities) of CALD populations, which requires a high level political commitment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13256-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resham B Khatri
- School of Public Health, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Yibeltal Assefa
- School of Public Health, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Meng C, Yucheng T, Shu L, Yu Z. Effects of school-based high-intensity interval training on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic markers in adolescent boys with obesity: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:112. [PMID: 35232402 PMCID: PMC8886768 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-03079-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With accumulating evidence suggesting that CVD has its origins in childhood obesity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a real-world school-based high-intensity interval training intervention on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic markers in obese boys aged 10 to 13 years. Methods Forty-five adolescent boys with obesity (age = 11.2 ± 0.7 years, BMI = 24.2 ± 1.0 kg/m2), were randomized to high-intensity interval training group (HIIT, n = 15), moderate-intensity continuous training group (MICT, n = 15), or a control group (CON, n = 15). The intervention groups performed three weekly exercise sessions over 12 weeks. HIIT group performed two sets of eight bouts of 15 s run at high-intensity [90 ~ 100% maximal aerobic speed (MAS)] separated by eight bouts of 15 s recovery run at low-intensity (50% MAS), MICT group performed 30 min run at moderate intensity (60 ~ 70% MAS) and CON group were instructed to continue their normal behaviors. All participants had indices of body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cardiometabolic markers measured at baseline and post-intervention. Statistical differences between and within groups were determined by use of two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures. Results Following the school-based training program, BMI and body fat mass decreased (BMI: − 1.8 kg/m2 vs. – 1.2 kg/m2, P < 0.01; FM: − 1.6 kg, P < 0.05 vs. -3.7 kg, P < 0.01) in HIIT and MICT group, but there was no significant difference between the two interventions; \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\dot{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_{2\mathrm{peak}}$$\end{document}V˙O2peak both increased significantly in two intervention groups, and the increment of HIIT group was significantly greater than that of MICT (6.1 mL/kg/min vs. 3.8 mL/kg/min, P < 0.01), Visceral adipose tissue was significant decrease in HIIT group (− 53 g vs. -17 g, P < 0.01) whilst the MICT group experienced a significant decrease in body fat percentage (− 3.1 ± 1.0 kg, P < 0.01), but there were no significant difference between the two interventions. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased only in HIIT group (− 17.2%, P < 0.05). Significant decrease in the usual index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) occurred in HIIT and MICT groups (− 27.3 and − 28.6%, respectively; P < 0.05). Conclusions Our results demonstrated that high-intensity interval training based on running can be used to improve the physical health of obese adolescents in school. Further investigations involving a larger cohort of participants, taken from different schools, is recommended. Trial registration title Effect of High Intensity Interval Training on Obese Children and Adolescents, time 16/12/2017, IDChiCTR-IOR-17013992, websitehttp://www.chictr.org.cn
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Meng
- Institute of Physical Education, Normal College, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nan Hai Road, Nan Shan district, Shenzhen, 518061, China. .,Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, Shenzhen, 518061, China.
| | - Tang Yucheng
- Institute of Physical Education, Normal College, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nan Hai Road, Nan Shan district, Shenzhen, 518061, China.,Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, Shenzhen, 518061, China
| | - Li Shu
- Institute of Physical Education, Normal College, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nan Hai Road, Nan Shan district, Shenzhen, 518061, China.,Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, Shenzhen, 518061, China
| | - Zou Yu
- College of Education, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310058, China
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Marshall S, Xu H, Taki S, Laird Y, Love P, Wen LM, Rissel C. Engagement, satisfaction, retention and behavioural outcomes of linguistically diverse mothers and infants participating in an Australian early obesity prevention trial. Health Promot J Austr 2021; 33:350-360. [PMID: 34245623 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early obesity prevention research interventions in Australia generally expect participants to be able to communicate in English, but do not account for other languages. This study aimed to investigate engagement, satisfaction, retention and behavioural outcomes of linguistically diverse participants from a mainstream early childhood obesity prevention trial. METHODS Healthy Beginnings is a nurse-led intervention based in Sydney, supporting families with optimal infant feeding and active play via telephone. This secondary analysis assessed participant engagement in the nurse telephone calls (call completions), satisfaction and behavioural outcomes (6- and 12-month survey data) and retention (survey completions), in the first year of life according to participants' language spoken at home (English or other language). RESULTS Of 1155 mothers, 533 (46%) spoke a language other than English at home. Significantly fewer mothers speaking a language other than English completed the 6-month survey (79%) compared to those speaking English (84%), yet mothers speaking a language other than English who completed the program were more satisfied with the program overall. Significantly fewer mothers speaking a language other than English completed the final four nurse calls (of six) (56%-65%) compared to those speaking English (70%-80%). Adjusted odds ratios showed selected behavioural outcomes were significantly more positive for participants speaking English at home. CONCLUSIONS Healthy Beginnings trial participants who spoke a language other than English at home had less favourable engagement, retention and behavioural outcomes compared to those who spoke English. So what? Early obesity prevention interventions should consider cultural adaptations to improve engagement and effectiveness among culturally and linguistically diverse families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Marshall
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The National Health and Medical Research Council Centre for Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH CRE), Sydney, Australia
| | - Huilan Xu
- Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research and Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah Taki
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The National Health and Medical Research Council Centre for Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH CRE), Sydney, Australia.,Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research and Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yvonne Laird
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Penelope Love
- The National Health and Medical Research Council Centre for Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH CRE), Sydney, Australia.,Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Li Ming Wen
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The National Health and Medical Research Council Centre for Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH CRE), Sydney, Australia.,Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research and Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chris Rissel
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The National Health and Medical Research Council Centre for Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH CRE), Sydney, Australia
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Bolton KA, Kremer P, Laws R, Campbell KJ, Zheng M. Longitudinal analysis of growth trajectories in young children of Chinese-born immigrant mothers compared with Australian-born mothers living in Victoria, Australia. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e041148. [PMID: 33593772 PMCID: PMC7888327 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chinese immigrants are the third largest immigrant group in Australia. Little is known about growth trajectories of their offspring when moving to a Western country. The aim was to describe the growth trajectories between birth to 3.5 years in children of Chinese-born immigrant mothers compared with Australian-born mothers living in Victoria, Australia. METHODS Ten nurse measured weights and lengths from birth to 3.5 years were used to examine growth trajectory using linear spline multilevel models. Five knot points were identified at visit 2 (0.5 months), visit 4 (2 months), visit 5 (4.5 months), visit 8 (18 months) and visit 9 (25 months). RESULTS Ethnic disparities in growth trajectories between these two groups were revealed in models adjusted for birth weight, sex and level of socioeconomic disadvantage. Children of Chinese-born compared with Australian-born mothers revealed different growth rates and significant differences in predicted mean body mass index Z score (zBMI) at all time points from birth to 44 months, except for 12 months. Specifically, when compared with children of Australian-born mothers, children of Chinese-born mothers started with lower predicted zBMI from birth until 0.5 months, had a higher zBMI from 1 to 8 months and a lower zBMI from 12 to 44 months. Early and sharp acceleration of growth was also observed for children of Chinese-born mothers (0.5-2 months) when compared with children of Australian-born mothers (2-18 months). CONCLUSION Differences in growth trajectories exist between young children of Chinese-born and Australian-born mothers. Better understanding of these ethnically patterned growth trajectories is important for identifying key opportunities to promote healthy growth in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy A Bolton
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Kremer
- Centre for Sport Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel Laws
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karen J Campbell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Miaobing Zheng
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Hayes AJ, Carrello JP, Kelly PJ, Killedar A, Baur LA. Looking backwards and forwards: tracking and persistence of weight status between early childhood and adolescence. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:870-878. [PMID: 33558641 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00751-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Many studies have shown that child BMI or weight status tracks over time, but the demographic predictors of high tracking have not been investigated. Our objective was to identify demographic predictors of persistence (duration) of healthy weight and overweight/obesity throughout childhood, and to examine whether tracking was age dependent. METHODS We conducted secondary data analysis of 4606 children from the Birth cohort and 4983 children from the Kindergarten cohort of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children with follow-up to age 12/13 and 16/17 years, respectively. Retrospective and prospective tracking were examined descriptively. Time-to-event analysis determined demographic predictors of persistence of healthy weight and overweight/obesity beyond age 4-5 years, after controlling for child BMI z-score. Weight status was determined using WHO methods. RESULTS Tracking of healthy weight was consistently higher than that of overweight/obesity, and incident overweight was equally likely throughout childhood and adolescence. Tracking of overweight was lower for children under 7 years than in middle childhood and adolescence (2-year probability 65%, compared with 80%; 2-year resolution of overweight 35 and 20%). Children of lower socioeconomic position, those from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, and girls were more likely to move into overweight (hazard ratios [95%CI] for incident overweight: 1.39 [1.26-1.52], 1.16 [1.02-1.31] and 1.12 [1.02-1.23], respectively) and less likely to resolve their overweight (hazard ratios for resolution of overweight/obesity: 0.77 [0.69-0.85], 0.8 [0.69-0.92] and 0.79 [0.71-0.81], respectively) during childhood. However, persistence of weight status was not significantly affected by rurality or Indigenous status (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Lowest tracking and highest natural resolution of overweight in children under 7 years suggests this may be an opportune time for interventions to reduce overweight. Primary and secondary prevention programmes during the school years should be designed with special consideration for lower socioeconomic communities, for culturally and linguistically diverse populations and for girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Hayes
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Joseph P Carrello
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Patrick J Kelly
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anagha Killedar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Louise A Baur
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Speciality of Child and Adolescent Health, Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Definitions of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD): A Literature Review of Epidemiological Research in Australia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020737. [PMID: 33467144 PMCID: PMC7830035 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To identify how Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) communities are defined in epidemiological research in Australia and provide a definition of CALD status that aids the consistency and interpretability of epidemiological studies. Methods: Peer-reviewed literature from January 2015 to May 2020 was searched via four databases (Ovid Medline combined with PubMed, Embase, Emcare, and CINAHL) to identify quantitative studies of CALD people in Australia. Results: A total of 108 studies met the criteria for inclusion in the review. Country of birth was the most commonly used CALD definition (n = 33, 30.6%), with combinations of two or more components also frequently used (n = 31, 28.7%). No studies used all the components suggested as core to defining CALD status. including country of birth, languages other than English spoken at home, English proficiency, and indigenous status. Conclusions: There was considerable inconsistency in how CALD status was defined. The review suggests that CALD status would best be defined as people born in non-English speaking countries, and/or who do not speak English at home. Additionally, indigenous peoples should be considered separately. This recommended definition will support the better identification of potential health disparity and needs in CALD and indigenous communities.
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