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Ruiz Guerrero F, González Gómez J, Benito Gonzalez P, García García J, Berja Miguel A, Calcedo Giraldo G, García-Unzueta MT, Gómez Del Barrio A. Low levels of proinflammatory cytokines in a transdiagnostic sample of young male and female early onset eating disorders without any previous treatment: A case control study. Psychiatry Res 2022; 310:114449. [PMID: 35219264 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Growing interest exists in the association of the immune system and its role in the development and maintenance of eating disorders (ED). Current evidence suggests that serum cytokine levels seem to be elevated in females with anorexia nervosa (AN). However, less is known in bulimia nervosa (BN) and other specified feeding and eating disorders (OSFED), specially in males. We aimed to perform a case-control study in a sample of forty eight young patients (38 females and 10 males) with early diagnosis of AN, BN or OSFED and without any previous treatment, compared with twenty nine healthy controls (19 females and 10 males) matched by age, sex and socioeconomic status. We evaluated eating-related psychopathology and depressive symptoms and measured serum concentration of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Contrary to expectations, levels of IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly lower in ED patients, compared with healthy controls. Comparing the different groups of females, we found elevated levels of IL-10 among ED patients therefore supporting the idea of an immunosuppressive status in the early stages. This could indicate that early onset patients without any previous treatment could remain in a reward-dependent state with a lower immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Ruiz Guerrero
- Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry. Santander, Spain; IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.
| | - Jana González Gómez
- Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry. Santander, Spain; IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Pilar Benito Gonzalez
- Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry. Santander, Spain
| | - Jesús García García
- Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry. Santander, Spain
| | - Ana Berja Miguel
- Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Biochemistry, Santander, Spain
| | - Gabriel Calcedo Giraldo
- Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry. Santander, Spain
| | | | - Andrés Gómez Del Barrio
- Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry. Santander, Spain; CIBER Mental Health, Madrid, Spain; IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.
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2
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Gómez Del Barrio A, Ruiz Guerrero F, Benito Gonzalez P, Perez Fernandez M, Sanchez Blanco L, Losa Mugica E, Calcedo Giraldo G, González Gómez J. A retrospective investigation of the prodromal stages of eating disorders and use of health services in young patients the year prior to the diagnosis. Early Interv Psychiatry 2022; 16:162-167. [PMID: 33725745 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics and the frequency of medical consultations in the year prior to the diagnosis and the intervention onset of the Eating Disorder, as well as the different prodromal symptoms. The final aim was to understand the origin of all referrals and their possible influence on the duration of untreated illness. METHODS We selected 99 young patients (15-25 years) and 61 healthy controls. Their primary and specialized care medical records were both studied retrospectively. RESULTS 87.6% of patients attended different consultations (primary care, specialized care and emergency department) the year prior compared to 67.2% of the controls (p = .002). The average number of consultations was 3.59 in the case group and 1.57 in the control group (p < .001). These consultations were related to prodromal symptoms in 57.4% compared to 16.4% for the controls (p < .001). They ranged from 29.8% of unspecific digestive symptoms, 22.8% of psychological symptoms, 19.3% of gynaecologic symptoms, 11.9% of weight variation, 8.8% of analytical changes, to 5.3% of malnutrition symptoms. Patients were mainly referred by Primary Care (42.7%). Overall, the mean of the Duration of Untreated Illness was of 7.45 months. CONCLUSIONS The majority of reasons for consultation were related to symptoms that could be prodromal symptoms, but the patients were not diagnosed with an eating disorder. These findings highlight the importance of professionals understanding how to identify the warning signs of an eating disorder, so they can refer patients to a specialized unit to establish an early treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Gómez Del Barrio
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Francisco Ruiz Guerrero
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
| | - Pilar Benito Gonzalez
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
| | - Marta Perez Fernandez
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
| | | | | | - Gabriel Calcedo Giraldo
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
| | - Jana González Gómez
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
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Austin A, Flynn M, Shearer J, Long M, Allen K, Mountford VA, Glennon D, Grant N, Brown A, Franklin‐Smith M, Schelhase M, Jones WR, Brady G, Nunes N, Connan F, Mahony K, Serpell L, Schmidt U. The First Episode Rapid Early Intervention for Eating Disorders - Upscaled study: Clinical outcomes. Early Interv Psychiatry 2022; 16:97-105. [PMID: 33781000 PMCID: PMC9291113 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND First Episode Rapid Early Intervention for Eating Disorders (FREED) is a service model and care pathway for emerging adults aged 16 to 25-years with a recent onset eating disorder (ED) of <3 years. A previous single-site study suggests that FREED significantly improves clinical outcomes compared to treatment-as-usual (TAU). The present study (FREED-Up) assessed the scalability of FREED. A multi-centre quasi-experimental pre-post design was used, comparing patient outcomes before and after implementation of FREED in participating services. METHODS FREED patients (n = 278) were consecutive, prospectively ascertained referrals to four specialist ED services in England, assessed at four time points over 12 months on ED symptoms, mood, service utilization and cost. FREED patients were compared to a TAU cohort (n = 224) of similar patients, identified retrospectively from electronic patient records in participating services. All were emerging adults aged 16-25 experiencing a first episode ED of <3 years duration. RESULTS Overall, FREED patients made significant and rapid clinical improvements over time. 53.2% of FREED patients with anorexia nervosa reached a healthy weight at the 12-month timepoint, compared to only 17.9% of TAU patients (X2 [1, N = 107] = 10.46, p < .001). Significantly fewer FREED patients required intensive (i.e., in-patient or day-patient) treatment (6.6%) compared to TAU patients (12.4%) across the follow-up period (X2 [1, N = 40] = 4.36, p = .037). This contributed to a trend in cost savings in FREED compared to TAU (-£4472, p = .06, CI -£9168, £233). DISCUSSION FREED is robust and scalable and is associated with substantial improvements in clinical outcomes, reduction in inpatient or day-patient admissions, and cost-savings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Austin
- Eating Disorders Section, Department of Psychological MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Michaela Flynn
- Eating Disorders Section, Department of Psychological MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - James Shearer
- Department of Health Services and Population ResearchKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Mike Long
- Kent Surrey Sussex Academic Health Science NetworkCrawleyUK
| | - Karina Allen
- Eating Disorders Section, Department of Psychological MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Victoria A. Mountford
- Eating Disorders Section, Department of Psychological MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Maudsley HealthAbu DhabiUAE
| | | | - Nina Grant
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Amy Brown
- Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation TrustBrightonUK
| | | | | | | | | | - Nicole Nunes
- Central and North West London NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Frances Connan
- Central and North West London NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Kate Mahony
- North East London NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Lucy Serpell
- North East London NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health PsychologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- Eating Disorders Section, Department of Psychological MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
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Reuter L, Kästner D, Schmidt J, Weigel A, Voderholzer U, Seidel M, Schwennen B, Fehrs H, Löwe B, Gumz A. The development and psychometric evaluation of FABIANA-checklist: a scale to assess factors influencing treatment initiation in anorexia nervosa. J Eat Disord 2021; 9:144. [PMID: 34732246 PMCID: PMC8565008 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-021-00490-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A long duration of untreated illness (DUI) is an unfavorable prognostic factor in anorexia nervosa (AN) and is associated with chronic illness progression. Although previous preventive measures aimed at reducing DUI and thus improving short- and long-term treatment outcomes have been partially successful, a better understanding of the factors involved in the sensitive phase prior to treatment initiation is needed. To date, there is no validated instrument available to assess these factors specifically for patients with AN. The FABIANA-project (Facilitators and barriers in anorexia nervosa treatment initiation) aims at identifying predictors of the DUI in order to target preventive measures better in the future. As part of this project, the FABIANA-checklist was developed, based on a multi-informant perspective and a multimodal bottom-up approach. The present study focusses on the process of item generation, item selection and psychometric validation of the checklist. METHODS Based upon a previous qualitative study, an initial set of 73 items was generated for the most frequently mentioned facilitators and barriers of treatment initiation in AN. After a process of consensual rating and cognitive pre-testing, the resulting 25-item version of the FABIANA-checklist was provided to a sample of female patients (N = 75), aged ≥ 14 years with AN that underwent their first psychotherapeutic treatment in the last 12 months. After item analysis, dimensionality of the final version of the FABIANA-checklist was tested by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). We evaluated construct validity assuming correlations with related constructs, such as perceived social support (F-SozU), support in the health care system (PACIC-5A), illness perception and coping (BIPQ). RESULTS We included 54 adult and 21 adolescent patients with AN, aged on average 21.4 years. Average BMI was 15.5 kg/m2, age of onset was 19.2 years and average DUI was 2.25 years. After item analysis, 7 items were excluded. The PCA of the 18-item-FABIANA-checklist yielded six components explaining 62.64% of the total variance. Overall internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach's α = .76) and construct validity was satisfactory for 14 out of 18 items. Two consistent components emerged: "primary care perceived as supportive and competent" (23.33%) and "emotional and practical support from relatives" (9.98%). With regard to the other components, the heterogeneity of the items led to unsatisfactory internal consistency, single item loading and in part ambiguous interpretability. CONCLUSIONS The FABIANA-checklist is a valid instrument to assess factors involved in the process of treatment initiation of patients with AN. Psychometrics and dimensionality testing suggests that experienced emotional and practical support from the primary health care system and close relatives are main components. The results indicate that a differentiated assessment at item level is appropriate. In order to quantify the relative importance of the factors and to derive recommendations on early-intervention approaches, the predictive effect of the FABIANA-items on the DUI will be determined in a subsequent study which will further include the perspective of relatives and primary caregivers. Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT03713541: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03713541 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Reuter
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, W37, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Denise Kästner
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, W37, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Justine Schmidt
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, W37, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angelika Weigel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, W37, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Voderholzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Schön Clinic Roseneck, Prien am Chiemsee, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marion Seidel
- Schön Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Bad Arolsen, Germany
| | - Bianca Schwennen
- Medclin Seepark Clinic for Acute Psychosomatic Care, Bad Bodenteich, Germany
| | - Helge Fehrs
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Asklepios Westklinikum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Löwe
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, W37, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Antje Gumz
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, W37, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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5
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Tenconi E, Collantoni E, Meregalli V, Bonello E, Zanetti T, Veronese A, Meneguzzo P, Favaro A. Clinical and Cognitive Functioning Changes After Partial Hospitalization in Patients With Anorexia Nervosa. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:653506. [PMID: 33959056 PMCID: PMC8093567 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.653506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Anorexia nervosa is usually associated with emotional and cognitive difficulties. Little knowledge is available about the changes in cognitive functioning in patients undergoing treatments. The aim of the present study was to longitudinally assess the impact of partial hospitalization on clinical and cognitive functioning in anorexia nervosa. Materials and Methods: 56 women with anorexia nervosa according to DSM-5 criteria and 58 healthy women were enrolled in the study. At baseline, all participants underwent clinical, diagnostic and neuropsychological assessment (T0). Patients were also assessed at the end of the treatment program (T1; n = 56). Results: BMI improved significantly throughout treatment. At baseline, patients showed significantly poorer executive abilities and less specific autobiographical memory. After the day-hospital program, decision-making abilities improved significantly. Response to treatment was predicted by BMI at admission and duration of illness, but neuropsychological performance did not contribute to the prediction model. Discussion: Cognitive difficulties, mostly regarding executive functions, resulted differently affected by clinical improvement. In particular, while cognitive monitoring and cognitive inhibition appear to be mostly stable trait-like characteristics, decision-making is both more state-dependent and sensitive to clinical status. None of the cognitive variables added information about the response to day hospital treatment; patients with short duration of illness and a rapidly decreasing BMI would benefit more from intensive interventions than less "acute" patients. These observations, if confirmed by future studies, have important clinical implications in order to understand the impact of malnutrition on cognitive functioning and to provide individualized effective treatment for patients with anorexia nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tenconi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Meregalli
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Bonello
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Tatiana Zanetti
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Angela Veronese
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Meneguzzo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Angela Favaro
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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6
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Mento C, Silvestri MC, Muscatello MRA, Rizzo A, Celebre L, Praticò M, Zoccali RA, Bruno A. Psychological Impact of Pro-Anorexia and Pro-Eating Disorder Websites on Adolescent Females: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:2186. [PMID: 33672305 PMCID: PMC7926357 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18042186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Teenagers (in particular, females) suffering from eating disorders report being not satisfied with their physical aspect and they often perceive their body image in a wrong way; they report an excessive use of websites, defined as PRO-ANA and PRO-MIA, that promote an ideal of thinness, providing advice and suggestions about how to obtain super slim bodies. (2) Aim: The aim of this review is to explore the psychological impact of pro-ana and pro-mia websites on female teenagers. (3) Methods: We have carried out a systematic review of the literature on PubMed. The search terms that have been used are: "Pro" AND "Ana" OR "Blogging" AND "Mia". Initially, 161 publications were identified, but in total, in compliance with inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 studies have been analyzed. (4) Results: The recent scientific literature has identified a growing number of Pro Ana and Pro Mia blogs which play an important role in the etiology of anorexia and bulimia, above all in female teenagers. The feelings of discomfort and dissatisfaction with their physical aspect, therefore, reduce their self-esteem. (5) Conclusion: These websites encourage anorexic and bulimic behaviors, in particular in female teenagers. Attention to healthy eating guidelines and policies during adolescence, focused on correcting eating behavioral aspects, is very important to prevent severe forms of psychopathology with more vulnerability in the perception of body image, social desirability, and negative emotional feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Mento
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Psychiatric Unit Policlinico “G. Martino” Hospital, 98124 Messina, Italy; (M.R.A.M.); (L.C.); (M.P.); (R.A.Z.); (A.B.)
| | - Maria Catena Silvestri
- Psychiatric Unit, Policlinico Hospital “G. Martino”, 98124 Messina, Italy; (M.C.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Anna Muscatello
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Psychiatric Unit Policlinico “G. Martino” Hospital, 98124 Messina, Italy; (M.R.A.M.); (L.C.); (M.P.); (R.A.Z.); (A.B.)
| | - Amelia Rizzo
- Psychiatric Unit, Policlinico Hospital “G. Martino”, 98124 Messina, Italy; (M.C.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Laura Celebre
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Psychiatric Unit Policlinico “G. Martino” Hospital, 98124 Messina, Italy; (M.R.A.M.); (L.C.); (M.P.); (R.A.Z.); (A.B.)
| | - Martina Praticò
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Psychiatric Unit Policlinico “G. Martino” Hospital, 98124 Messina, Italy; (M.R.A.M.); (L.C.); (M.P.); (R.A.Z.); (A.B.)
| | - Rocco Antonio Zoccali
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Psychiatric Unit Policlinico “G. Martino” Hospital, 98124 Messina, Italy; (M.R.A.M.); (L.C.); (M.P.); (R.A.Z.); (A.B.)
| | - Antonio Bruno
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Psychiatric Unit Policlinico “G. Martino” Hospital, 98124 Messina, Italy; (M.R.A.M.); (L.C.); (M.P.); (R.A.Z.); (A.B.)
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Austin A, Flynn M, Richards K, Hodsoll J, Duarte TA, Robinson P, Kelly J, Schmidt U. Duration of untreated eating disorder and relationship to outcomes: A systematic review of the literature. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2020; 29:329-345. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.2745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Austin
- Section of Eating Disorder Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London London UK
| | - Michaela Flynn
- Section of Eating Disorder Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London London UK
| | - Katie Richards
- Section of Eating Disorder Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London London UK
| | - John Hodsoll
- Department of Biostatistics Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London London UK
| | - Tiago Antunes Duarte
- Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, EPE Lisbon Portugal
| | - Paul Robinson
- Division of Medicine University College London London UK
| | | | - Ulrike Schmidt
- Section of Eating Disorder Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London London UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust London UK
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8
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The psychenet public health intervention for anorexia nervosa: a pre-post-evaluation study in a female patient sample. Prim Health Care Res Dev 2017; 19:42-52. [PMID: 28829284 DOI: 10.1017/s1463423617000524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This non-randomized pre-post-intervention study investigated the effect of a systemic public health intervention on the length of time between anorexia nervosa symptom onset and contact with the health care system as well as the initiation of treatment. BACKGROUND Although systemic public health interventions have successfully been implemented in physical and mental health fields, their effect on the early treatment of patients with anorexia nervosa remains unclear. METHODS In total, 59 anorexia nervosa patients (mean age=21.5 years, SD=7.2) were recruited before a systemic public health intervention, and 18 patients (mean age=22.2 years, SD=8.9) were recruited afterwards. Using validated self-report measures and a semi-structured interview, the duration of untreated anorexia nervosa and the duration until first contact with the health care system were investigated. Findings At the beginning of the individual treatment initiation process, participants in both samples most frequently consulted their general practitioner or paediatrician about their eating disorder-related symptoms. Neither the mean duration of untreated anorexia nervosa, that is, the time between illness onset and the initiation of a recommended treatment, nor the duration until first contact with the health care system significantly decreased after the implementation of the systemic public health intervention. The mean duration of untreated anorexia nervosa was 36.5 months (SD=68.2) before the systemic public health intervention and 40.1 months (SD=89.4) after the implementation of the systemic public health intervention. The mean duration until first contact with the health care system was 25.0 months (SD=53.0) before the intervention and 32.8 months (SD=86.5) after the intervention. CONCLUSION Primary care providers are crucial to the treatment initiation process and should be involved in future interventions to improve early detection and treatment commencement amongst patients with anorexia nervosa.
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9
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Turja T, Oksanen A, Kaakinen M, Sirola A, Kaltiala-Heino R, Räsänen P. Proeating disorder websites and subjective well-being: A four-country study on young people. Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:50-57. [PMID: 27441787 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Proeating disorder (pro-ED) communities online encourage harmful weight-loss and weight-control practices. This study examined the association between exposure to pro-ED content online and subjective well-being (SWB) among adolescents and young adults in four countries. METHOD Cross-national data were collected in the US, Germany, the UK and Finland from Internet users aged 15-30 years (N = 3,557; 50.15% male). The questionnaire assessed SWB, exposure to harm-advocating websites, online activity, prior victimization, and social belonging. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models assessed the relationship between SWB and pro-ED exposure and adjusted for a number of confounding factors. RESULTS Of the participants, 17% had been exposed to pro-ED content (US 20%, Germany 7%, UK 21%, Finland 22%). Exposure to pro-ED content online was negatively associated with SWB in the US, Germany, and Finland, also after adjusting for the confounding factors. Offline social belonging moderated the association between pro-ED and SWB. DISCUSSION Participants who visited pro-ED websites reported lower SWB than others did. The potentially harmful impact of visiting these sites was buffered by the strong offline social belonging. Given the observed similarities across the countries, it is important for families, health professionals, and educators to stay abreast of online communities that have possible contra recovery influences and to be able to discuss such Internet contents in a way that increases treatment motivation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:50-57).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuuli Turja
- School of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Atte Oksanen
- School of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Markus Kaakinen
- School of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anu Sirola
- School of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riittakerttu Kaltiala-Heino
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pekka Räsänen
- Department of Social Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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10
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Lofrano-Prado MC, Luiz do Prado W, Gomes de Barros MV, Oyama LM, Cardel M, Lopes-de-Souza S. Non-traditional biomarkers of eating disorder symptoms among female college students. J Clin Transl Res 2016; 2:129-134. [PMID: 30873471 PMCID: PMC6410635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Eating disorders (ED) are often diagnosed at an advanced stage because traditional symptoms related to unhealthy eating habits are poorly recognized. ED may be also associated with non-traditional and objective biomarkers, which could prove an important screening tool to support health care professionals in diagnosing, treating, and ultimately preventing ED. Aim: To investigate the association between non-traditional physiological ED biomarkers and symptoms of ED among female college students. Methods: This study included 113 female college students, aged 18 to 23 years, enrolled in their first semester as a Bachelor of Health Sciences undergrad at public universities in the urban zone of Recife, Brazil. Symptoms of ED were measured by self-report questionnaires. Circulating levels of IL-6, IL-10, leptin, insulin, ghrelin, PYY and adiponectin were assessed using commercial immunoassays. Results: Students with symptoms of an ED exhibited higher values of IL-6 (p = 0.03) and leptin (p < 0.001) compared to those without symptoms. A positive correlation was found between leptin levels and bulimia nervosa (r = 0.42; p = 0.00), between leptin levels and binge eating (r = 0.38; p = 0.00), and between IL-6 concentrations and binge eating (r = 0.25; p = 0.04). Multiple linear regression analysis with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating as dependent variables showed that IL-6 and leptin best explained ED symptoms, even when adjusted for body mass index (BMI). Conclusions: These findings suggest that peripheral peptides, namely leptin and IL-6, are associated with symptoms of ED in female college students. Future studies are needed to determine if there is a causal relationship between these biomarkers and the onset of ED. Relevance for patients: If future longitudinal studies demonstrate causality between the biomarkers assessed here and ED symptoms, these serum makers could be used as screening tool for inappropriate eating behavior. This may in turn improve the early diagnosis, treatment, and, ultimately, the prognosis of patients with ED.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wagner Luiz do Prado
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lila Missae Oyama
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michelle Cardel
- School of Medicine, Department of Health Outcomes and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Sandra Lopes-de-Souza
- Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Department of Anatomy, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
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11
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Chiba H, Nagamitsu S, Sakurai R, Mukai T, Shintou H, Koyanagi K, Yamashita Y, Kakuma T, Uchimura N, Matsuishi T. Children's Eating Attitudes Test: Reliability and validation in Japanese adolescents. Eat Behav 2016; 23:120-125. [PMID: 27643567 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Eating disorders (ED) are serious psychosomatic disorders that commonly occur in girls during adolescence. An increase in earlier onset ED has recently been suggested. Therefore, accurate assessment of eating attitudes in children is a necessary part of school mental health. The 26-item Children's Eating Attitudes Test (ChEAT-26) is widely used internationally to assess abnormal eating attitudes. The present study aimed to validate the Japanese version of the ChEAT-26. Participants were 7076 school children (aged 10-15years) from large, medium-sized, and small cities, and 44 children with anorexia nervosa. We examined the average ChEAT-26 score by participant attributes, including sex, age, geographical region, and school style. Factor analysis of the ChEAT-26 content was performed with varimax rotation. The optimal cut-off point was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The mean ChEAT-26 score was 7.94 for girls and 5.86 for boys. The mean score was significantly higher in children from larger cities than small cities, and was higher with increasing age, and private schools. Five factors explained 31.4% of the variance. The Cronbach's alpha was 0.81 for the scale. The area under the ROC curve was 0.83; sensitivity was 0.69 and specificity was 0.93 for a cut-off score of 18. The Japanese version of the ChEAT-26 is a reliable and valid psychometric tool that may be useful in the triage and assessment of children with anorexia nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Chiba
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nagamitsu
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Rieko Sakurai
- Biostatistics Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takayo Mukai
- Department of Psychology, University of the Sacred Heart, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Shintou
- Department of Psychology, University of Seinan Gakuin, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenshi Koyanagi
- Nagasaki Prefectural Center of Medicine and Welfare for Children, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yushiro Yamashita
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Kakuma
- Biostatistics Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naohisa Uchimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toyojiro Matsuishi
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
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12
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Weigel A, König HH, Gumz A, Löwe B, Brettschneider C. Correlates of health related quality of life in anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:630-4. [PMID: 26841271 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the association between disorder specific factors, comorbidity and health related quality of life (HRQoL) in anorexia nervosa (AN). METHOD HRQoL was assessed using the EuroQol-5D visual analog scale (EQ-VAS) in this cross-sectional study. Three regression models were estimated to determine the association between AN subtype (restrictive vs. binge/purge), duration of the eating disorder (ED), age (adolescents vs. adults), ED pathology (EDE-Q), Body Mass Index (BMI), depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), somatic complaints (PHQ-15), anxiety (GAD-7) and EQ-VAS. RESULTS The sample comprised 218 female AN patients (mean age = 23.3 years [SD = 8.2]; mean EQ-VAS score = 53.4 [SD = 21.4]). A lower BMI, higher levels of depressive symptoms, and somatic complaints were significantly associated with lower EQ-VAS scores. DISCUSSION Findings of the present study suggest that BMI and comorbidity might be more relevant to HRQoL impairments in AN than age, diagnostic subtype, duration of the ED or current psychopathology. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:630-634).
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Weigel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf
| | - Hans-Helmut König
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf
| | - Antje Gumz
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf
| | - Bernd Löwe
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf
| | - Christian Brettschneider
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf
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13
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Schmidt U, Brown A, McClelland J, Glennon D, Mountford VA. Will a comprehensive, person-centered, team-based early intervention approach to first episode illness improve outcomes in eating disorders? Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:374-7. [PMID: 27084796 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Schmidt
- Section of Eating Disorders, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom.,Eating Disorders Unit, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Brown
- Eating Disorders Unit, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica McClelland
- Section of Eating Disorders, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Danielle Glennon
- Eating Disorders Unit, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria A Mountford
- Section of Eating Disorders, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom.,Eating Disorders Unit, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Weigel A, Gumz A, Uhlenbusch N, Wegscheider K, Romer G, Löwe B. Preventing eating disorders with an interactive gender-adapted intervention program in schools: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry 2015; 15:21. [PMID: 25884195 PMCID: PMC4337195 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-015-0405-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are a high number of adolescents who are at risk of developing an eating disorder. There is, therefore, a strong need to implement prevention programs aimed at reducing the incidence of eating disorders at this critical age. Among other factors, successful prevention programs have been shown to be interactive, carried out by professionals, focused on educational as well as psychosocial elements and have taken risk factors as well as resources into account. The objective of this study protocol is to present the design of a new prevention program for eating disorders in schools. METHODS/DESIGN The gender-adapted prevention program extends over six school hours. It contains interactive and educational elements about eating disorders and their treatment. Participants pass through different exercises and reflect on the influences of the media, self-esteem, body perception and individual resources. A cluster-randomized controlled trial is chosen to evaluate the program. Based on an estimated effect size of d = 0.3 a total of 1848 participants are enrolled in the study. Eating disorder risk, internalization of Western beauty ideals, body dissatisfaction, self-concept as well as anxiety and symptoms of depression are measured before and immediately after the intervention as well as at a six-month follow-up. In addition, the intervention group evaluates the different components of the program. DISCUSSION The study intends to test the practicability and efficacy of an interactive, gender-adapted ED prevention program in schools. Moreover, it will provide valuable information about the occurrence of eating disorder risk factors in school-aged children. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN97989348; Registered 19 December 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Weigel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf & Schön Klinik Hamburg Eilbek, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Antje Gumz
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf & Schön Klinik Hamburg Eilbek, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany. .,Psychologische Hochschule Berlin, Am Köllnischen Park 2, 10179, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Natalie Uhlenbusch
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf & Schön Klinik Hamburg Eilbek, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Karl Wegscheider
- Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Georg Romer
- Clinic of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Münster, Schmeddingstr. 50, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Bernd Löwe
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf & Schön Klinik Hamburg Eilbek, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
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