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Goh KW, Ming LC, Al-Worafi YM, Tan CS, Hermansyah A, Rehman IU, Ali Z. Effectiveness of digital tools for smoking cessation in Asian countries: a systematic review. Ann Med 2024; 56:2271942. [PMID: 38346353 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2271942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM The use of tobacco is responsible for many preventable diseases and deaths worldwide. Digital interventions have greatly improved patient health and clinical care and have proven to be effective for quitting smoking in the general population due to their flexibility and potential for personalization. However, there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of digital interventions for smoking cessation in Asian countries. METHODS Three major databases - Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, and PubMed - for relevant studies published between 1 January 2010 and 12 February 2023 were searched for studies evaluating the effectiveness of digital intervention for smoking cessation in Asian countries. RESULTS A total of 25 studies of varying designs were eligible for this study collectively involving a total of n = 22,005 participants from 9 countries. Among different digital tools for smoking cessation, the highest abstinence rate (70%) was reported with cognitive behavioural theory (CBT)-based smoking cessation intervention via Facebook followed by smartphone app (60%), WhatsApp (59.9%), and Pharmacist counselling with Quit US smartphone app (58.4%). However, WhatsApp was preferred over Facebook intervention due to lower rates of relapse. WeChat was responsible for 15.6% and 41.8% 7-day point prevalence abstinence. For telephone/text messaging abstinence rate ranged from 8-44.3% and quit rates from 6.3% to 16.8%. Whereas, no significant impact of media/multimedia messages and web-based learning on smoking cessation was observed in this study. CONCLUSION Based on the study findings the use of digital tools can be considered an alternative and cost-effective smoking cessation intervention as compared to traditional smoking cessation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, Malaysia
| | - Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi
- College of Medical Sciences, Azal University for Human Development, Sana'a, Yemen
- College of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology of Fujairah, Fujairah, UAE
| | - Ching Siang Tan
- School of Pharmacy, KPJ Healthcare University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Andi Hermansyah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Inayat Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Sharma M, Gaidhane A, Choudhari SG. A Comprehensive Review on Trends and Patterns of Non-communicable Disease Risk Factors in India. Cureus 2024; 16:e57027. [PMID: 38681366 PMCID: PMC11046362 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
This review explores the trends and patterns of non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors in India, with a focus on tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and air pollution. Drawing upon existing literature and data, the review highlights the substantial burden imposed by NCDs and their associated risk factors on public health and healthcare systems in India. Key findings reveal the widespread prevalence of these risk factors, particularly among certain demographic groups and in urban areas. Socioeconomic disparities also play a significant role in shaping the distribution of NCD risk factors across the population. The review underscores the importance of addressing NCD risk factors through evidence-based interventions and policies tailored to the Indian context. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need for multi-sectoral collaboration among government agencies, healthcare providers, civil society organizations, academia, industry partners, and communities to mitigate the NCD epidemic effectively. By mobilizing collective efforts and resources, India can make significant strides in preventing and controlling NCDs, thereby enhancing population health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Sharma
- Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Abhay Gaidhane
- Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sonali G Choudhari
- Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Xie W, Mridha MK, Gupta A, Kusuma D, Butt AM, Hasan M, Brage S, Loh M, Khawaja KI, Pradeepa R, Jha V, Kasturiratne A, Katulanda P, Anjana RM, Chambers JC. Smokeless and combustible tobacco use among 148,944 South Asian adults: a cross-sectional study of South Asia Biobank. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2465. [PMID: 38071311 PMCID: PMC10709928 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17394-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco use, in both smoking and smokeless forms, is highly prevalent among South Asian adults. The aims of the study were twofold: (1) describe patterns of SLT and combustible tobacco product use in four South Asian countries stratified by country and sex, and (2) assess the relationships between SLT and smoking intensity, smoking quit attempts, and smoking cessation among South Asian men. METHODS Data were obtained from South Asia Biobank Study, collected between 2018 and 2022 from 148,944 men and women aged 18 years and above, living in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, or Sri Lanka. Mixed effects multivariable logistic and linear regression were used to quantify the associations of SLT use with quit attempt, cessation, and intensity. RESULTS Among the four South Asian countries, Bangladesh has the highest rates of current smoking (39.9% for male, 0.4% for female) and current SLT use (24.7% for male and 23.4% for female). Among male adults, ever SLT use was associated with a higher odds of smoking cessation in Bangladesh (OR, 2.88; 95% CI, 2.65, 3.13), India (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.63, 2.50), and Sri Lanka (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.14, 1.62). Ever SLT use and current SLT use was associated with lower smoking intensity in all countries. CONCLUSIONS In this large population-based study of South Asian adults, rates of smoking and SLT use vary widely by country and gender. Men who use SLT products are more likely to abstain from smoking compared with those who do not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wubin Xie
- Population and Global Health, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Malay Kanti Mridha
- Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases and Nutrition, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Anaya Gupta
- Population and Global Health, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, UK
| | - Dian Kusuma
- School of Health & Psychological Sciences, City University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Mehedi Hasan
- Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases and Nutrition, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Soren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marie Loh
- Population and Global Health, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, UK
| | | | - Rajendra Pradeepa
- The Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, Chennai, India
| | - Vinita Jha
- Max Helathcare Institute, Patparganj, Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Ranjit Mohan Anjana
- The Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, Chennai, India
| | - John C Chambers
- Population and Global Health, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, UK
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Mishra MK, Gupta S, Shivangi, Sharma M, Sehgal S. The repertoire of mutational signatures in tobacco- and non-tobacco-induced oral cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:3332-3344. [PMID: 37058208 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03192-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of tobacco products is one of the established contributors toward the development and spread of oral cancer. Additionally, recent research has indicated oral microbiome, infections with Human papilloma virus (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Candida as significant contributing factors to this disease along with lifestyle habits. Deregulation of cellular pathways envisaging metabolism, transcription, translation, and epigenetics caused by these risk factors either individually or in unison is manifold, resulting in the increased risk of oral cancer. Globally, this cancer continues to exist as one of the major causes of cancer-related mortalities; the numbers in the developing South Asian countries clearly indicate yearly escalation. This review encompasses the variety of genetic modifications, including adduct formation, mutation (duplication, deletion, and translocation), and epigenetic changes evident in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In addition, it highlights the interference caused by tobacco products in Wnt signaling, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, JAK-STAT, and other important pathways. The information provided also ensures a comprehensive and critical revisit to non-tobacco-induced OSCC. Extensive literature survey and analysis has been conducted to generate the chromosome maps specifically highlighting OSCC-related mutations with the potential to act as spectacles for the early diagnosis and targeted treatment of this disease cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar Mishra
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K, India
| | - Sachin Gupta
- Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, ASCOMS, Jammu, J&K, India
| | - Shivangi
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K, India
| | - Manshi Sharma
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K, India
| | - Shelly Sehgal
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K, India.
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Yadav K, Behera S, Singh M, Parashar M, Goel S, Jaiswal N, Gupta A. Trend of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among young and middle-aged indians: Insights from a nationally representative survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY. CARDIOVASCULAR RISK AND PREVENTION 2023; 19:200200. [PMID: 37663033 PMCID: PMC10472237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcrp.2023.200200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Background India, as a nation is witnessing epidemiological transition, which is taking place across all the states at different level, over past couple of decades. Owing to the long natural history of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), early identification of these risk factors can aid in understanding the distribution and future development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Also, studying the trend of these risk factors over time can help in prediction of burden of various CVDs in future. Thus, the present study aims at understanding the trend of various risk factors for CVDs across rural and urban India, and states. Methods The present study was conducted using secondary data from the third, fourth and fifth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) conducted in India. The surveys collected data for estimation of burden of the common modifiable risk factors of CVDs including tobacco and alcohol consumption overweight/obesity, raised blood pressure, and raised blood sugar. The analysis for the present study was done among interviewed males and females between 15 and 49 years. The weighted prevalence of these risk factors was computed and binary logistic regression was done to study the predictors for the same. Results A declining trend of tobacco (29.2% in NFHS 3; 8.1%in NFHS 5) and alcohol consumption (14.2% in NFHS 3; 3.2%in NFHS 5) was observed from 2005 -06 to 2019-21. A rising trend of overall raised blood pressure (11.4% in NFHS 4; 12.2%in NFHS 5), raised blood sugar (6.2% in NFHS 4; 8.5%in NFHS 5), and overweight and obesity (11.4% in NFHS 3; 23.6%in NFHS 5) was observed from the three rounds of the survey. The odds of all the studied risk factors were significantly higher among older age across all the rounds of the survey. Except overweight/obesity, the odds of rest all studied risk factors was found to be higher among males compared to females. Also, higher odds of alcohol consumption, overweight/obesity, raised blood pressure, and raised blood sugar were found among the participants living in urban areas compared to rural areas, across all the rounds of the survey. Conclusion The present highlights the rising burden of CVD risk factors, including overweight and obesity, raised blood pressure and raised blood sugar, and a declining trend of tobacco and alcohol consumption across the country. The study also highlights the need for in-depth assessment of predictors of these risk factors using longitudinal study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartikey Yadav
- Department of Community Medicine, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Shyambhavee Behera
- Department of Community Medicine, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Mitasha Singh
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital, Rohini, Delhi, India
| | - Mamta Parashar
- Department of Community Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonu Goel
- Public Health Master's Program, School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | | | - Arpit Gupta
- Oral Health Sciences Centre, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
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AVIJIT AVASTHI, KRATI AVASTHI. Oral health and nicotine dependence in tobacco users visiting a Dental Institution in North India. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2023; 64:E352-E357. [PMID: 38125995 PMCID: PMC10730048 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.3.2924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Objective The cross-sectional study was intended to evaluate the oral health and nicotine dependence among tobacco users. Material & Methods Fagerstorm Test for Nicotine Dependence estimated nicotine dependence and clinically oral examination was performed in recording the dentition status, oral hygiene, gingivitis and periodontal health. Descriptive statistics was computed using mean, percentage and standard deviation. Association was estimated using Independent T Test. Binary logistic regression and multiple regression analysis was used in inferential statistics. Results In general, 55.3% had dental caries, followed by 92.6% having gingivitis and 7.4% had clinical attachment loss. Mean DMF was 2.60 (± 3.88) and the subjects mean oral hygiene score was 3.49 (± 1.11). The mean DMF score of tobacco users worsened with increasing age. Current smokers were 1.07 times more predisposed to get dental caries than former smokers and smokeless tobacco chewers had higher odds of 1.060 times to fall susceptible to dental caries than those smoking tobacco. Dependence on tobacco substantially worsened oral hygiene. Conclusions Tobacco cessation practices shall be effectively enforced to minimize the burden of nicotine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- AVASTHI AVIJIT
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Bhojia Dental College & Hospital, Baddi (HP), India
| | - AVASTHI KRATI
- Department of Health Economics, School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Leiter A, Veluswamy RR, Wisnivesky JP. The global burden of lung cancer: current status and future trends. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2023; 20:624-639. [PMID: 37479810 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-023-00798-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. However, lung cancer incidence and mortality rates differ substantially across the world, reflecting varying patterns of tobacco smoking, exposure to environmental risk factors and genetics. Tobacco smoking is the leading risk factor for lung cancer. Lung cancer incidence largely reflects trends in smoking patterns, which generally vary by sex and economic development. For this reason, tobacco control campaigns are a central part of global strategies designed to reduce lung cancer mortality. Environmental and occupational lung cancer risk factors, such as unprocessed biomass fuels, asbestos, arsenic and radon, can also contribute to lung cancer incidence in certain parts of the world. Over the past decade, large-cohort clinical studies have established that low-dose CT screening reduces lung cancer mortality, largely owing to increased diagnosis and treatment at earlier disease stages. These data have led to recommendations that individuals with a high risk of lung cancer undergo screening in several economically developed countries and increased implementation of screening worldwide. In this Review, we provide an overview of the global epidemiology of lung cancer. Lung cancer risk factors and global risk reduction efforts are also discussed. Finally, we summarize lung cancer screening policies and their implementation worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Leiter
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Rajwanth R Veluswamy
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juan P Wisnivesky
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Pahari S, Barman D, Talukdar R. Tobacco usage in India: A meta-analysis of evidence drawn from regional studies between 2010 and 2022. Trop Med Int Health 2023; 28:699-709. [PMID: 37583260 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To generate a national and zonal pooled estimate of current tobacco usage (CTU) in any form, as well as stratified gender and tobacco type (smokeless and smoke) specific estimates among the Indian population, utilising evidence from 2010 to 2022. METHOD PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, CINAHL and Google Scholar databases were searched for articles on tobacco use among Indian adults published between January 2010 and October 2022. The NIH Quality Assessment Tool was used to assess study quality, and a random-effects inverse-variance method was used to attain a pooled estimate of usage. Heterogeneity was estimated through I2 statistics and prediction intervals, and further subgroup analysis and meta-regression were conducted. A leave-one-out analysis was done to establish the sensitivity of the pooled estimate. RESULTS CTU prevalence of any form among the adult Indian population was 35.2% [confidence interval (CI) 25.27-45.92, I2 = 99.7, p < 0.001] between 2010 and 2022 with a wide Prediction interval between 3.19 to 78.74. The regionally drawn estimate for the years 2016-2022 was 44.3% (CI 30.57-58.64, I2 = 99.8, p < 0.01). Highest prevalence was found in the East zone (55.4%) followed by the northeast with 51.8% tobacco consumption. Although residual heterogeneity persisted after subgroup analysis, the variability in estimates showed statistical significance when considering disaggregated estimates across administrative zones and gender-wise consumption. The estimated CTU among males was 54.1%, whereas in females it was 15%. Leave-one-out analysis indicated the findings are reliable and are not dependent on any one study. CONCLUSION This review highlights differences in tobacco usage estimates from national-level surveys and regional studies. More regionally representative surveys of tobacco usage to tailormade prevention efforts alongside increased regional efforts improved community-level advocacy and more coordinated and stringent tobacco prevention policy implementation at national and state levels are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diplina Barman
- Division of Epidemiology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rounik Talukdar
- Division of Epidemiology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Shaashi Uday H, Pethagounder Thangavelu R, Rajaram Mohan K, Fenn SM, Appusamy K. Evaluation of Nicotine Dependence Among Smokeless Tobacco Users Using the Fagerstrom Nicotine Dependence Scale for Smokeless Tobacco. Cureus 2023; 15:e38639. [PMID: 37288236 PMCID: PMC10243400 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotine dependence is a current indwelling and challenging health burden among smokeless tobacco users as it involves the compulsive use of a substance despite its known harmful effects. The evaluation of nicotine dependence is challenging as it involves physical and psychological dependence due to nicotine in smokeless tobacco. AIM AND OBJECTIVE The primary aim is to assess the nicotine dependence in a group of smokeless tobacco by using a six-question Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence for Smokeless Tobacco (FTND-ST) and to assess the nicotine dependence among three groups, namely Group - 1, who were exclusively pan masala, gutka chewers, Group - 2, who were exclusively Hans users, and Group - 3, who were exclusively betel quid with smokeless tobacco chewers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Only those who use smokeless tobacco in the age groups between 21 to 70 years were randomly selected. The total sample size is 100 patients. The age groups were divided into 21-28, 29-35, 36-42, 43-49, 50-56, 57-63, and 64-70. Informed consent was obtained from the participants of the study. RESULTS The Hans chewers are predominantly females. Pan masala and gutka chewers are predominantly males. CONCLUSION Smokeless tobacco chewers like pan masala were found to have high mean nicotine dependence Fagerstrom score than Hans and betel quid with smokeless tobacco chewers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiremath Shaashi Uday
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vinayaka Mission's Sankarachariyar Dental College, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation, Salem, IND
| | - Ravikumar Pethagounder Thangavelu
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vinayaka Mission's Sankarachariyar Dental College, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation, Salem, IND
| | - Karthik Rajaram Mohan
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vinayaka Mission's Sankarachariyar Dental College, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation, Salem, IND
| | - Saramma Mathew Fenn
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vinayaka Mission's Sankarachariyar Dental College, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation, Salem, IND
| | - Kumar Appusamy
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vinayaka Mission's Sankarachariyar Dental College, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation, Salem, IND
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Marital Disruption and Disparity in Tobacco Use in Reproductive-Aged Women: Evidence from India. WOMEN 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/women2040034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marital disruption defined as widowhood, divorce, or separation, has adverse consequences for women’s health and wellbeing. Extant evidence, however, is primarily available for older women or in developed country settings. Consequences of marital disruption for younger women in the developing countries is relatively less visited. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to assess whether maritally disrupted women of reproductive age (18–49 years) had differential risk of tobacco-use compared to their married counterparts. Using nationally representative data from India, we estimated multivariable logistic regressions to obtain the odds in favor of tobacco-use for maritally disrupted women. We found that compared to women remained in marriage, maritally disrupted women were 1.5 times (95% CI: 1.4–1.6) more likely to consume tobacco. The higher risk of tobacco-use of maritally disrupted women was evident in both younger (age 18–34) and older (age 35–49) cohorts. The results were robust across urban and rural areas, high- and low- education groups, and poor- and non-poor households. The higher odds of tobacco-use among maritally disrupted women persisted even after accounting for household fixed effects. The study findings thus, have implications for strengthening targeted tobacco control policies and health promotion among maritally disrupted women in low-and-middle income countries.
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Thawal VP, Tzelepis F, Ahmadi S, Paul C. Association between perceived addiction and cessation behaviours among users of smokeless or combustible tobacco in India. Drug Alcohol Rev 2022; 41:1510-1520. [PMID: 35762901 PMCID: PMC9796830 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Addiction to tobacco is one of the main drivers of continued tobacco use. This study explored whether perceived addiction, type of tobacco and demographic characteristics were associated with past quit attempts (PQA), intention and self-efficacy to quit among combustible tobacco (CT) or smokeless tobacco (SLT) users in India. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among adult tobacco users (N = 607) attending an out-patient department in Mumbai. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between demographic characteristics, type of tobacco, addiction perceptions and cessation behaviours. RESULTS Being 'a little addicted' (adjusted odds ratio, AOR [95% confidence interval, CI] 2.75 [1.83, 4.11], P < 0.0001) or 'quite addicted' (AOR [95% CI] 2.93 [1.53, 5.62], P < 0.0012) was associated with lower odds of making a PQA compared to 'not addicted at all'. Being a SLT user (AOR [95% CI] 0.64 [0.41, 0.99], P = 0.047) and female (AOR [95% CI] 0.46 [0.26, 0.81], P = 0.0068) was associated with lower odds of making a PQA. There was a significant decrease in the odds of intention to quit as age increased by 1 year (AOR [95% CI] 0.98 [0.97, 0.99], P = 0.0018). Being identified as 'a little addicted' (AOR [95% CI] 0.28 [0.14, 0.55], P = 0.0003), 'quite addicted' (AOR [95% CI] 0.16 [0.07, 0.39], P < 0.0001) or 'very addicted' (AOR [95% CI] 0.09 [0.04, 0.19], P < 0.0001) was associated with lower odds of self-efficacy to quit compared to 'not addicted at all'. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Lack of awareness about addiction may inhibit cessation, particularly among less educated and female users of SLT and CT products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav P. Thawal
- School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleAustralia
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleAustralia
- Priority Research Centre for Health BehaviourUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleAustralia
| | - Flora Tzelepis
- School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleAustralia
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleAustralia
- Priority Research Centre for Health BehaviourUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleAustralia
- Hunter New England Population HealthHunter New England Local Health DistrictNewcastleAustralia
| | - Sima Ahmadi
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleAustralia
| | - Christine Paul
- School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleAustralia
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleAustralia
- Priority Research Centre for Health BehaviourUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleAustralia
- Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and TranslationUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleAustralia
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Socioeconomic inequalities in tobacco cessation among Indians above 15 years of age from 2009 to 2017: evidence from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS). BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1419. [PMID: 35883171 PMCID: PMC9321312 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13820-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco is strongly associated with socioeconomic status (SES), however evidence on differences in tobacco cessation by socio-economic attributes remains fragmented, especially in developing countries. The present study aims to estimate socioeconomic inequalities in tobacco cessation among Indian men and women above 15 years of age. METHODS Two rounds of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (2009-2010 and 2016-2017), India was used to estimate the association between socioeconomic indicators (wealth index and educational attainment) with tobacco cessation using a multinomial modeling approach. RESULTS After adjusting for SES and demographic variables, we found significantly lower odds in tobacco cessation rates among respondents of GATS-2 (2016-2017) compared to GATS-1 (2009-2010). Additionally, huge regional variations in smoking and smokeless tobacco cessation rates were observed. Population belonging to the low wealth-asset score had higher odds of cessation compared to the high asset index. While greater educational attainment was seen to have a positive effect on cessation, the results were insignificant. Individuals belonging to the northeastern geographic region were seen to have the lowest odds of cessation. Though awareness about the health hazards of tobacco increased, cessation declined for both men and women. Quitting smokeless tobacco among men and women was observed to be lower than smoking. CONCLUSION This study is the first to provide national-level evidence on the association between tobacco cessation and socioeconomic attributes among Indians above 15 years of age. Findings suggest the need to scale up tobacco cessation services separately for men and women, and also for smoking and smokeless tobacco forms.
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Ramamoorthy T, Leburu S, Kulothungan V, Mathur P. Regional estimates of noncommunicable diseases associated risk factors among adults in India: results from National Noncommunicable Disease Monitoring Survey. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1069. [PMID: 35637501 PMCID: PMC9150326 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study describes regional differences and determinants on key noncommunicable disease (NCD) risk factors in adults from the National NCD Monitoring Survey (NNMS) across six geographic regions of India. Methods The NNMS was a cross-sectional multistage cluster survey conducted in 2017–18, on a representative sample of 300 urban and 300 rural primary sampling units (PSU) covering 20 households per PSU. One adult aged 18–69 years per household was selected using the KISH grid. Globally standard survey tools were adapted for data collection. To arrive at regional estimates, the country was divided into six regions (south, north, central, west, east and northeast) based on the distribution of a national sample. The results are presented as proportion with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify NCD risk factor determinants significant in the regions. A p-value < 0.05 was considered for statistical significance. Results The overall survey response rate was 96.3%. The prevalence of current tobacco (45.7%) and alcohol use (22.3%) was significantly high in the northeast region. The highest proportion of adults from northern India showed low levels of physical activity (49.6%). The prevalence of metabolic risk factors — obesity (12.5%), raised fasting blood glucose (21.2%) and raised blood pressure (35.6%) was highest in south India. The prevalence of raised blood pressure was high in north India (35.2%) similar in proportion to south India. Clustering of ≥3 risk factors (50.1%) and ten-year CVD risk of ≥30% or with existing CVD (18.1%) was highest in south India when compared to other regions. Older age, urban residents, alcohol consumption and overweight/obesity were significantly associated with higher odds of raised blood pressure and raised fasting blood glucose. Conclusion The NNMS presents variations in NCD risk factors within the regions of India. It contributes to robust evidence for strengthening interventions and monitoring the progress in reducing NCDs and their associated risk factors. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13466-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilagavathi Ramamoorthy
- Indian Council of Medical Research - National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Nirmal Bhawan-ICMR Complex (II Floor), Poojanahalli, Kannamangala Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562 110, India
| | - Sravya Leburu
- Indian Council of Medical Research - National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Nirmal Bhawan-ICMR Complex (II Floor), Poojanahalli, Kannamangala Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562 110, India
| | - Vaitheeswaran Kulothungan
- Indian Council of Medical Research - National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Nirmal Bhawan-ICMR Complex (II Floor), Poojanahalli, Kannamangala Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562 110, India
| | - Prashant Mathur
- Indian Council of Medical Research - National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Nirmal Bhawan-ICMR Complex (II Floor), Poojanahalli, Kannamangala Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562 110, India.
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