Prevalence of prediabetes and associated factors in southwest iran: results from Hoveyzeh cohort study

Prevalence of Non-diabetic Hyperglycemia in Young Adults and Its Impact on Periodontal Health

Background Non-diabetic hyperglycemia is a transitional phase of hyperglycemia that poses a hidden risk for the development of diabetes mellitus and related complications, including periodontal destruction. The current study sought to determine the prevalence of non-diabetic hyperglycemia in young adults and any possible links to periodontal health. Methods A total of 400 participants in this cross-sectional study were evaluated for non-diabetic hyperglycemia between the ages of 18 and 35 years. Group I consisted of non-diabetic hyperglycemic participants. Group II comprised an equal number of matched, healthy subjects. The groups' hyperglycemic and clinical periodontal characteristics were contrasted. Using a one-sample t-test and logistic regression analysis, the acquired data were subjected to statistical analysis. Results The prevalence of non-diabetic hyperglycemia was 19%, with men (13%) having a higher prevalence than women (6%). The mean fasting plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were 114.47 ± 6.40 mg/dL and 6.10 ± 0.21%, respectively, for group I, and 85.72 ± 7.24 mg/dL and 4.38 ± 0.70% for group II. When compared to healthy controls, all periodontal parameters, including plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, and clinical attachment loss, were significantly higher in group I non-diabetic hyperglycemic patients. The regression analysis revealed statistically significant links between hyperglycemic and periodontal parameters. Conclusion The prevalence of non-diabetic hyperglycemia among young adults is a serious concern similar to that of older adults with the risk for periodontal diseases. Non-diabetic hyperglycemic considerations in young adults should be emphasized in dental and medical clinics to reduce the risk of developing diabetes mellitus and to avoid irreversible periodontal tissue damage.

Sleep duration and Framingham´s cardiovascular risk score: results from the Hoveyzeh Cohort Study (HCS)

BACKGROUND

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of global deaths. So, it is necessary to know the possible risk factors for each region. We aimed to assess the relationship between the risk of CVDs and sleep duration in the Iranian Arab population.

METHODS

In this cross-sectional study, data from 8362 participants aged between 35 and 70 from the Hoveyzeh Cohort Study enrollment phase between 2016 and 2018 was analyzed. This study evaluated the association between ten-year CVD risk using the Framingham risk score and sleep duration. Self-reported sleep duration was categorized as short duration (equal to or less than 5 h), standard duration (6-8 h), or prolonged duration (equal to or greater than 9 h). Multivariable logistic regression to adjust for conventional CVD risks was used.

RESULTS

Among the assessed participants, 4892 (58.50%) were female, and the mean age was 47.93 (9.01). The average sleep duration was 7.59 (1.56) hours. The low, intermediate-to-high, and high CVD risk individuals were 6461 (77.27%), 1185 (14.17%), and 716 (8.56%), respectively. There was a significant relationship between prolonged sleep duration and lower odds of intermediate-to-high CVD risk in males (OR 0.66, 95% CI: 0.49-0.87, P-value: 0.004).

CONCLUSION

The results of our study showed that longer sleep duration has a protective association with the intermediate to high risk of cardiovascular diseases in males. However, long and short sleep durations have no significant relationship with females' risk of cardiovascular disease.

Prevalence and associated factors of prediabetes in adult East African population: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem with serious consequences, and more than three-fourths of diabetes live in low- and middle-income countries. According to a recent study, people with prediabetes have nearly six times the risk of developing diabetes than those with normal glucose levels. However, due to the inconsistency and absence of representative data, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of prediabetes and its associated factors in the adult East African population.

Methods

Databases were systematically searched for articles published between January 1, 2013, and December 30, 2022. All observational community-based studies that reported prediabetes prevalence and/or associated factors in adult East African populations were included in the meta-analyses. Three authors independently extracted all required data using the Excel data extraction format and analyzed using Stata™ Version 11. An I2 test was conducted to determine significant heterogeneity. Finally, a random effects model was used to determine the overall prevalence of prediabetes and its associated factors. The study was registered with Prospero number CRD42023389745.

Results

The search strategy identified 267 articles. After screening for full-text review, twenty-one articles were included in the final analysis. The overall prevalence of prediabetes was 12.58 % (95 % CI:10.30, 14.86 %) in the adult East African population. Furthermore, the subgroup analysis revealed that prediabetes in the urban population 20 % (95 % CI: 1.60, 38.37) was twice as prevalent as in rural 10.0 % (95 % CI: 5.52, 14.48) populations. The prevalence of prediabetes by the ADA diagnostic criteria was 21.45 % (95 % CI: 15.54, 27.35) three times higher than the WHO 7.20 % (95 % CI: 5.70, 8.69). Moreover, prediabetes was significantly associated with old age (OR = 1.64, 95 %, CI: 1.07, 2.53), hypertension (OR = 2.43, 95 %, CI: 1.02-5.79), obesity and overweight (OR = 1.70, 95 %, CI: 1.09,2.65).

Conclusion

This study showed a high prevalence of prediabetes, which was significantly associated with old age, hypertension, and high BMI. This study suggests that health policymakers should pay attention to the prevention and control strategies that is targeted at those with obesity, hypertension, and old age.

From normal population to prediabetes and diabetes: study of influencing factors and prediction models

Objective

The purpose of this study is to investigate the independent influencing factors of the transition from normal population to prediabetes, and from prediabetes to diabetes, and to further construct clinical prediction models to provide a basis for the prevention and management of prediabetes and diabetes.

Materials and methods

The data for this study were based on clinical information of participants from the Health Management Center of Peking University Shenzhen Hospital. Participants were classified into normal group, prediabetes group, and diabetes group according to their functional status of glucose metabolism. Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated for the variables, and a matrix diagram was plotted. Further, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted to explore the independent influencing factors. The independent influencing factors were used as predictors to construct the full-variable prediction model (Full.model) and simplified prediction model (Simplified.model).

Results

This study included a total of 5310 subjects and 22 variables, among which there were 1593(30%) in the normal group, 3150(59.3%) in the prediabetes group, and 567(10.7%) in the diabetes group. The results of the multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that there were significant differences in 9 variables between the normal group and the prediabetes group, including age(Age), body mass index(BMI), systolic blood pressure(SBP), urinary glucose(U.GLU), urinary protein(PRO), total protein(TP), globulin(GLB), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C). There were significant differences in 7 variables between the prediabetes group and the diabetes group, including Age, BMI, SBP, U.GLU, PRO, triglycerides(TG), and HDL.C. The Full.model and Simplified.model constructed based on the above influencing factors had moderate discriminative power in both the training set and the test set.

Conclusion

Age, BMI, SBP, U.GLU, PRO, TP, and ALT are independent risk factors, while GLB and HDL.C are independent protective factors for the development of prediabetes in the normal population. Age, BMI, SBP, U.GLU, PRO, and TG are independent risk factors, while HDL.C is an independent protective factor for the progression from prediabetes to diabetes. The Full.model and Simplified.model developed based on these influencing factors have moderate discriminative power.

Prediabetes in Syria and Its Associated Factors: A Single-Center Cross-Sectional Study

INTRODUCTION

Prediabetes is a major risk factor for diabetes and many chronic complications, particularly cardiovascular disease (CVD). Risk factors vary among races and demographics. This is the first study to assess prediabetes in Syria and its relevant risk factors.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study was conducted in a primary health clinic in Al-Mouwasat University Hospital, the major Hospital in Damascus, Syria. Interviews, examinations, and blood investigations were carried out by qualified physicians in the clinic.

RESULTS

This study included 406 participants, of which 363 (89.4%) were females, 43(10.6%) were males, 91 (22.4%) had prediabetes, 108 (26.6%) were overweight, and 231 (56.9%) were obese. Older age, positive family history of diabetes, obesity, abdominal obesity in females, high cholesterol, being married, and CVD were statistically significantly associated with prediabetes (p < 0.05). However, prediabetes was not associated with gender, living in the city or country, cigarette smoking, hypertension, diet, triglycerides, or polycystic ovary syndrome (p > 0.05). However, in the multivariable analysis, only high cholesterol, familial diabetes, and waist diameter had significant association.

CONCLUSIONS

Prevalence of prediabetes in our study in Syria was higher than what was estimated by previous studies. While many risk factors were similar to other countries in the regions, other risk factors differed. These results were highly reflective of high burden of prediabetes and diabetes, mainly in relatively young females. Further studies are required to tackle this rising issue as it imposes major complications in the long term, and the high financial burden on the health care system.

Prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and associated factors among adults from southwest Iran: Baseline data from Hoveyzeh Cohort Study

BACKGROUND

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) were the number one cause of death in Iran. The main risk factors of CVDs include unhealthy lifestyles, insulin resistance, hypertension (HTN), and hyperlipidemia. Given that there are modifiable risk factors for CVDs, this cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of CVDs and their risk factors among adults.

METHODS

The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 9828 adults 35-70 years (both sexes). The demographic data, lifestyle habits, anthropometric data, and clinical and biochemical parameters were collected from the baseline data of the Hoveyzeh Cohort Study. The odds ratio (OR) of CVDs was assessed by multivariable logistic regression.

RESULTS

The prevalence of CVDs was higher in females than males (16.2 vs. 12.6, p ≤ 0.001). The prevalence of CVDs was related to age, gender, marital status, lifestyle, anthropometric measurements, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, HTN, and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (p ≤ 0.05). The participants aged 65-70 y showed the highest odds of CVDs (OR: 3.97, 95% CI: (3.14, 5.01), (p ≤ 0.001)). Males (OR: 1.76, 95% CI: (1.51, 2.05), p ≤ 0.001), married status (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: (1.08, 2.47), p = 0.021), more using a mobile phone (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: (1.09, 1.46), p ≤ 0.002), and smoking cigarettes (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: (1.24, 1.68), p ≤ 0.001) associated with CVDs. Higher odds of CVDs were related to low physical activity (PA) (OR: 1.56, 95% CI: (1.34, 1.8), p ≤ 0.001), body mass index > 30 (OR: 1.68, 95% CI: (1.01, 2.8), p ≤ 0.047). Moreover, odds of CVDs were related to systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mm Hg (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: (1.04, 1.51), p = 0.017), FPG = 100-126 mg/dl (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: (1.07, 1.43), p = 0.003), and FPG > 126 mg/dl (OR: 1.71, 95% CI: (1.47, 1. 98), p ≤ 0.001).

CONCLUSION

The present study showed the main risk factors of CVDs were older age, married status, using a mobile phone, low PA, smoking, obesity, and abnormal FPG and SBP. The lower odds of CVDs were found in the participants with normal cholesterol.