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Raghu A, Ganesh A, Muthu MS, Vignesh KC, Mohanraj R, Wadgave U. Development and validation of a questionnaire to assess commonality knowledge of traumatic dental injuries and management of emergencies. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2024; 25:39-47. [PMID: 38017351 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-023-00851-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental trauma represents a significant public health problem, causing a burden for both individuals and society. The aim of this study is to systematically develop and validate a questionnaire on 'traumatic dental injuries and management of emergencies' (TIME) for assessing the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) for a commonality. METHODS The scale development phases included conceptual framework, systematic development of an item pool, refinement of the item pool by Focus-group discussion (n = 23), validity-testing using Content Validity Index (n = 5), translation and back-translation, Cognitive interviewing (n = 30,45), and reliability testing (n = 40). The conceptual framework was built based on six broad constructs, such as broken teeth, knocked-out (avulsion) teeth, pushed/moved-in and loosened teeth (luxation injuries), soft tissue injuries, follow-up and management, and prevention and protection. RESULTS Reviews of existing questionnaires significantly helped to generate an initial pool of 68 items (refined to 51 items). Lawshe's content validity was 0.92. High test-retest reliability was demonstrated (kappa value = 0.98). The questionnaire showed a high level of reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.86) with great internal consistency. CONCLUSION TIME is the first validated scale for recording knowledge, attitude and practices on traumatic dental injuries and management of emergencies for non-dental professionals. The 51-tem tool will allow dentists to evaluate KAP of commonality. KAP measured across the globe would have a significant impact on planning awareness programs by dentists and dental associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aksshaya Raghu
- Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Dental College and Hospital, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - A Ganesh
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Dental College and Hospital, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - M S Muthu
- Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Dental College and Hospital, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India.
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Al Jurf, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Krishnapillai Chandrababu Vignesh
- Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Dental College and Hospital, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
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Kneitz FB, Scalioni FAR, Tavares LCD, Campos MJDS, Carrada CF, Machado FC. Elementary school teachers' knowledge and attitudes toward emergency management of traumatic dental injuries. Braz Oral Res 2023; 37:e073. [PMID: 37436296 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2023.vol37.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The consequences of traumatic dental injuries can be even more serious when their emergency management procedures are inadequate. Since traumatic accidents frequently occur at school, it is crucial that teachers be knowledgeable enough to assist an injured child. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of the elementary school teachers of a Brazilian city toward dental trauma in permanent teeth, and its emergency practices. A combination of convenience and snowball sampling methods was used. An online questionnaire was distributed through social media, consisting of three parts: demographic characteristics and professional information; previous experiences and attitudes toward dental trauma; teachers' knowledge of this subject. Descriptive and statistical analyses were carried out. Pearson chi-squared test (p < 0.05) was used. A total of 217 teachers participated in the study. The power of the sample was 95%. Half of the teachers had already witnessed a dental trauma incident involving students, and 70.5% never received any information on the subject. The teachers who were provided previous information were the ones who opted to search for the tooth fragment (p=0.036) in cases of crown fracture, and for the lost tooth (p = 0.025) in cases of avulsion. They were also the ones who chose to wash the tooth in running water (p = 0.018), and look for a dentist in the first 30 or 60 minutes after the trauma (p = 0.026). Most of the teachers assessed did not have adequate knowledge of dental trauma. Having previous information was associated with more assertive practices in trauma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Bello Kneitz
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, School of Dentistry, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Flávia Almeida Ribeiro Scalioni
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, School of Dentistry, Department of Social and Child Dentistry, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Marcio José da Silva Campos
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, School of Dentistry, Department of Social and Child Dentistry, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Camila Faria Carrada
- Faculade de Ciências Médicas e da Saúde de Juiz de Fora, FCMS-JF/SUPREMA, School of Dentistry, Pediatric Dentistry Department, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Campos Machado
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, School of Dentistry, Department of Social and Child Dentistry, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
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Aminu K, Kanmodi KK, Amzat J, Salami AA, Uwambaye P. School-Based Interventions on Dental Trauma: A Scoping Review of Empirical Evidence. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10050797. [PMID: 37238345 DOI: 10.3390/children10050797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Accidents involving sports or leisure activities, falls, blows from objects, acts of interpersonal violence, and accidents can all result in dental trauma (also known as traumatic dental injuries [TDIs]). School children are one of the population groups that are highly vulnerable to TDIs. Multiple school-based interventions have been conducted around the world on the prevention and management of TDIs; however, no known scoping review has been conducted to map the evidence. Hence, this study aimed to conduct a scoping review of existing school-based interventions on TDIs. METHODS This scoping review adopted the research design presented by Arksey and O'Malley. Eight research databases-PubMed, SCOPUS, APA PsycINFO, CINAHL Ultimate, AMED (The Allied and Complementary Medicine Database), Child Development & Adolescent Studies, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, and SPORTDiscuss-were searched to retrieve literature relevant to the scoping review question. Some of the retrieved literature existed in duplicate and was deduplicated using Rayyan software. Twenty papers that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected and reviewed. RESULTS A total of 526 publications were retrieved from the eight databases searched in this scoping review. Ninety-seven publications were duplicates and were removed. After the two-stage screening of the deduplicated copies, only 20 peer-reviewed journal articles were relevant and included in the review. The selected studies sampled a total of 7152 participants whose ages ranged between 9 and 62 years (mean = 10.56 to 46.5; standard deviation = ±0.97 to ±8.1). The findings obtained from the reviewed journal articles revealed that pupils are at high risk of dental trauma and they are more likely to sustain these injuries during school activities. In addition, inadequate understanding, poor attitudes, and low experiential knowledge of dental trauma were found among educators, parents, and even school pupils. The evidence of long-term knowledge retention and a high knowledge score in the experimental groups buttresses the need for continuous first-aid education on dental trauma. CONCLUSIONS The application of multiple educational approaches or modalities in schools will reinforce and promote good first-aid skills and management practices that are essential for preserving traumatized teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kafayat Aminu
- Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University College Hospital, Ibadan 200211, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 12211, Cambodia
- Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc., Ibadan 200211, Nigeria
| | - Jimoh Amzat
- Department of Sociology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto 840104, Nigeria
- Department of Sociology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg P.O. Box 524, South Africa
| | - Afeez Abolarinwa Salami
- Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc., Ibadan 200211, Nigeria
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan 200211, Nigeria
| | - Peace Uwambaye
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Rwanda, Kigali P.O. Box 4285, Rwanda
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Nowosielska M, Bagińska J, Kobus A, Kierklo A. How to Educate the Public about Dental Trauma-A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042479. [PMID: 35206665 PMCID: PMC8872546 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Educating the general population about dental trauma is of public health interest. The aim of this scoping review was to map research on traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) education in the general population and to identify the most relevant methods of knowledge transfer. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science All Databases, reference lists, and grey literature were searched. Articles in English published between 2000 and 2020 were included. A total of 32 articles fulfilled inclusion criteria. The most frequently tested modality was lecture/seminar/workshop. Studies focused mainly on teachers and medical staff as target groups. Post-intervention evaluation showed an increase in knowledge. In long-term follow-up, a decrease in knowledge was found. The effectiveness of different modalities varied. Studies comparing single-modal and multimodal approaches did not confirm the effect of combined methods. Printed materials are a practical mode for laypeople. Lectures should be reserved for professions with high probability of coming into contact with a TDI victim. The Internet can be a promising tool to educate people. Educators have to choose the method of communication most appropriate for the target population. The education should include topics related to dental trauma prevention. Further research is needed to investigate the effectiveness of multimodal TDI education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Nowosielska
- Department of Gerostomatology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-267 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Bagińska
- Department of Dentistry Propaedeutics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kobus
- Department of Dentistry Propaedeutics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Kierklo
- Department of Dentistry Propaedeutics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland
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Mahmood IA, Morshidi DNA, Hamzah SH, Baharuddin IH, Ahmad MS. Malaysian dental students' knowledge of managing dental trauma in children. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2021; 25:550-555. [PMID: 33217767 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sought to assess dental students' training and experiences in addressing traumatic dental injury (TDI), and, more specifically, their knowledge of TDI management in children. METHODS All Year 1 to Year 5 dental students (n = 413; response rate = 72.9%) were invited to participate in an online, self-administered survey, which was based on a validated questionnaire. Quantitative data were analysed via chi-squared test (p < .05) using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software program. RESULTS Only a few students were found to have undergone first-aid training in TDI (19.3%) and to have encountered TDI incidents (10.6%) before. Almost all preclinical and clinical students agreed that TDI constitutes an emergency (97.8% vs. 99.4%, respectively) and that tooth avulsion requires immediate care (97.1% vs. 99.0%, respectively). However, almost half of the students (48.8%) did not know the management protocols for a fractured tooth. Compared with clinical students, a significantly lower percentage of those in preclinical study knew the following: (1) the main cause of TDI, (2) the teeth that most commonly experience avulsion, (3) the management protocols for an avulsed tooth (e.g., handling, transportation and urgency of professional intervention) and (4) the management protocols for a fractured tooth (e.g., appropriate storage medium and need for immediate treatment). Amongst the clinical students, a significantly lower percentage of those in Year 3 knew how to transport and store avulsed and fractured teeth, and which teeth are most likely to experience avulsion. CONCLUSION This study identified areas of TDI education in need of further refinement. Revision of the dental curriculum in terms of design, content, teaching method and delivery time may thus be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Siti Hajar Hamzah
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
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Ivkošić I, Gavić L, Jerković D, Macan D, Vladislavić NZ, Galić N, Tadin A. Knowledge and Attitudes about Dental Trauma Among the Students of the University of Split. Acta Stomatol Croat 2020; 54:302-313. [PMID: 33132393 PMCID: PMC7586898 DOI: 10.15644/asc54/3/8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Dental trauma among children is a common problem, and everyone who works with them needs to possess appropriate knowledge and skills to provide proper care at the site of the accident. The aim was to evaluate the knowledge of emergency management of dental trauma among students who should be capable of managing such injuries in their future career. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional survey regarding dental trauma emergency management was conducted on 679 students from five different studies using a questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed by the Student t-test or one - way ANOVAusing the Tukey's post-hoc test and multiple linear regression analysis (p<0.05). Results The total knowledge score regarding the emergency management of dental trauma among examined student was 4.32±2.25 (max 10). The positive association of the knowledge score was observed with the age of student (β=0.722, p≤0.001). A similar relation was observed depending on whether they received dental injuries training during their academic education (β=2.365, p≤0.001), as well as students’ assessment of the importance of knowledge regarding dental trauma emergency management (β=0.433, p≤0.001). Conclusions It can be concluded that the surveyed students have limited knowledge regarding dental injuries and their emergency management procedures. The obtained data emphasized the importance of additional education of all professions that may encounter dental trauma injuries to improve the outcomes of dental trauma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivona Ivkošić
- Department of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lidia Gavić
- Department of Restorative Dental Medicine and Endodontics, Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia.,Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Hospital Centre Split, Croatia
| | - Daniel Jerković
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Hospital Centre Split, Croatia
| | - Darko Macan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Dubrava, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Nada Galić
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonija Tadin
- Department of Restorative Dental Medicine and Endodontics, Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia.,Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Hospital Centre Split, Croatia
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