1
|
Pourtaheri A, Mahdizadeh M, Tehrani H, Jamali J, Peyman N. Socio-ecological factors of girl child marriage: a meta-synthesis of qualitative research. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:428. [PMID: 38341573 PMCID: PMC10858465 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17626-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child marriage of girls is one example of human rights violations, and is increasingly recognized as a key obstacle to global public health. Given the importance of a comprehensive understanding of the motivations for child marriage, this study aimed to identify socio-ecological factors contributing to gills child marriage. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted of all English-language studies measuring causes of child marriage between 2000 and October 2022 in the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo, ProQuest, Poplin and Google Scholar databases. Girl child marriage is defined as a marriage under the age of 18. In this study, the CASP evaluation checklist was used to collect data. Two independent reviewers reviewed all articles. RESULTS A total of 34 eligible qualitative articles were included. The most salient causes of child marriage among girls include low skills and knowledge, internal and external beliefs and motivations, and physical advantages at the individual level. Family characteristics and structure contribute to child marriage at the interpersonal level, while environmental and economic factors play a role at the community level. Social factors and cultural norms, as well as the shortcomings and weaknesses of legislation, are also contributing factors at the society level. CONCLUSION The results showed that cultural beliefs supporting gender inequality and economic status were the most important causes of child marriage. These results can help policymakers and decision-makers implement strategies to reduce gender inequality to prevent child marriage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Pourtaheri
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrsadat Mahdizadeh
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hadi Tehrani
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jamshid Jamali
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nooshin Peyman
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mengzhen L, Lim DHJ, Berezina E, Benjamin J. Navigating Love in a Post-Pandemic World: Understanding Young Adults' Views on Short- and Long-Term Romantic Relationships. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2024; 53:497-510. [PMID: 37985563 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02738-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The uncertain future due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the technological advancements may have altered young adults' experiences of romantic relationships. It is unclear whether individuals will continue to prefer traditional long-term romantic relationships (LTRR) or opt for short-term ones (STRR). This research describes how young adults in Malaysia perceive LTRR and STRR. Using the structured approach of the theory of social representations, data were collected from 512 participants; 238 (46.48%) male; Mage 21.75; majority were heterosexual and students, and analyzed using prototypical analysis to reveal high consensus elements. Five observations were made: (1) females prioritize "love" in both STRR and LTRR, while males prioritize "love" only in LTRR; (2) females prioritize "marriage" in LTRR, while males prioritize "trust," "comfort," and "stability." Males do not consider "marriage" as part of a LTRR; (3) both males and females view STRR positively, while LTRR are viewed more practically; (4) "sex" is a core element in STRR but is absent in LTRR; (5) males differentiate between STRR and LTRR with no overlapping elements. These findings provide insight into the social representations of romantic relationships among young adults in Malaysia and suggest future directions for research in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lim Mengzhen
- Graduate School of Arts and Letters, Meiji University, 1-1 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8301, Japan.
- Psychological Studies Program, Temple University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | - Jaime Benjamin
- Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bolarinwa OA, Seidu AA, Tessema ZT, Adu C, Oyeleye OJ, Ahinkorah BO. Spatial distribution and multilevel analysis of factors associated with child marriage in Nigeria. Int Health 2023; 15:171-181. [PMID: 35593176 PMCID: PMC9977223 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child marriage among women has become a major threat to the rights of women, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The marriage of girls below age 18 y is a major public and global health challenge. Therefore, this study examined the spatial pattern and factors associated with child marriage in Nigeria. METHODS The data were sourced from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey. The study included a total of 4283 young women aged 20-24 y. The findings were provided in the form of spatial maps and adjusted ORs (aORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Hotspot areas for child marriage in Nigeria were located in Sokoto, Kebbi, Katsina, Kano, Jigawa, Yobe, Bauchi, Niger, Borno, Gombe, and Adamawa. The prevalence of child marriage in Nigeria was 41.50%. The likelihood of child marriage in Nigeria was high among those currently working (aOR=1.31; 95% CI 1.11 to 1.55) compared with young women who were not working. On the other hand, young women whose partners had secondary education and above (aOR=0.57; 95% CI 0.45 to 0.73) were less likely to report child marriage in Nigeria compared with those whose partners had no education. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the study indicate that there are several hotspots in Nigeria that need to be targeted when implementing interventions aimed at eliminating child marriage in the country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa
- Department of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Abdul-Aziz Seidu
- Department of Estate Management, Takoradi Technical University, Takoradi, Ghana.,Centre for Gender and Advocacy, Takoradi Technical University, Takoradi, Ghana.,College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Zemenu Tadesse Tessema
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Collins Adu
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.,Department of Health Promotion, Education and Disability Studies, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Olaoye James Oyeleye
- Department of Demography and Social Statistics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dadras O, Hazratzai M, Dadras F. The association of child marriage with morbidities and mortality among children under 5 years in Afghanistan: findings from a national survey. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:32. [PMID: 36604673 PMCID: PMC9817260 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-14977-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is still a gap in knowledge of the impact that child marriage could have on the mortality and morbidity of children in Afghanistan. This study used the data from the latest Afghanistan demographic health survey conducted in 2015 (ADHS) to address this gap and advance the current knowledge. METHODS A secondary analysis of the 2015 ADHS, including the births in the past 5 years to ever-married women aged 15-24 years old, was carried out. Logistic regression analyses were employed to examine the association of child marriage (< 18y) with morbidities (diarrhea, acute respiratory infection, and fever in the last 2 weeks), mortality (neonatal, infant, child), and size at birth among the children under 5 born to women aged 15-24 years, before and after adjusting for the effect of sociodemographic and structural inequalities. RESULTS Approximately two-thirds of births in the past 5 years belong to 15-24 years old mothers who married at ages < 18. The majority of them were born to mothers residing in rural areas (75.67%) with no education (51.68%) from poor households (39.39%). As compared to the births to women married at ages ≥ 18, there was a significantly higher likelihood of neonatal mortality among births to women married at ages < 18 (crude OR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.52-3.49 & adjusted OR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.25-3.01) and higher infant mortality among the births to the women married at ages ≤ 14y (crude OR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.06-3.53). However, it disappeared for neonatal mortality after adjustment for adequacy of antenatal care (ANC) and infant mortality after adjustment for sociodemographic inequalities. CONCLUSION Although the births to women married as a child (< 18) were more likely to die at an early age, this association disappeared after adjustment for the adequacy of ANC. Given the unavoidable practice of child marriage in Afghanistan, this finding emphasizes the importance of providing adequate ANC for young brides to prevent child mortality. In addition, strong global advocacy is required to empower and support young Afghan women in negotiating their reproductive and maternity rights with their partners by reducing social and gender-based inequalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omid Dadras
- grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway ,grid.477239.c0000 0004 1754 9964Section Global Health and Rehabilitation, Høgskulen På Vestlandet (HVL), Bergen, Norway
| | - Mohammadsediq Hazratzai
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis (UC Davis), Davis, USA
| | - Fateme Dadras
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Duru P, Başaran F, Örsal Ö. Reflections of the after processes in early and forced marriages: A meta-synthesis study. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:1855-1864. [PMID: 34911143 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop analytical themes through a descriptive synthesis of qualitative studies to create a broader and more conscious understanding of after processes in early and forced marriages. METHODS This study is a meta-synthesis study. FINDINGS The analytical themes of the main theme "The process after early and forced marriages" were divided into four groups: cognitive, affective, behavioral, and cultural reflections. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Effective social norm interventions should be adapted to people's cognitive, affective, behavioral, and cultural understanding to change attitudes and practices toward early marriages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Duru
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Fatma Başaran
- Department of Nursing, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey
| | - Özlem Örsal
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Duru P, Başaran F, Örsal Ö. Reflections of the before processes in early and forced marriages: A meta-synthesis study. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:3034-3043. [PMID: 34374089 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop analytical themes through a descriptive synthesis of qualitative studies to create a broader and more conscious understanding of the before processes in early and forced marriages. METHODS Twenty-five qualitative studies were analyzed and synthesized according to meta-synthesis methods. FINDINGS The analytical themes of the main theme "The process leading to early and forced marriages" were divided into four groups as cognitive, affective, behavioral, and cultural reflections. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The study results emphasize the need to consider the links between cognitive, affective, behavioral, and cultural reflections of the process that led to marriages for preventing early and forced marriages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Duru
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Fatma Başaran
- Department of Nursing, School of Health, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey
| | - Özlem Örsal
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|