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Ogunro OB. An updated and comprehensive review of the health benefits and pharmacological activities of hesperidin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2025; 772:151974. [PMID: 40414011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2025.151974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2025] [Revised: 05/06/2025] [Accepted: 05/07/2025] [Indexed: 05/27/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review aims to comprehensively assess the health benefits and pharmacological activities of hesperidin, a flavonoid commonly found in citrus fruits. It consolidates recent research findings to provide insights into hesperidin's diverse health-promoting effects. KEY FINDINGS Hesperidin has gained significant attention recently for its notable pharmacological activities and potential health benefits. Studies reveal its antioxidant properties, protecting cells from oxidative damage, and its anti-inflammatory effects, inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes. Also, hesperidin shows promise in cardiovascular health by reducing blood pressure and cholesterol levels and enhancing endothelial function. It also exhibits anticancer potential by hindering cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and suppressing tumour growth. Moreover, hesperidin demonstrates neuroprotective effects, potentially mitigating neuroinflammation and oxidative stress associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, it displays beneficial effects in metabolic disorders such as diabetes, obesity, and fatty liver disease by influencing glucose metabolism, lipid profile, and insulin sensitivity. SUMMARY Hesperidin exhibits a wide range of health benefits and pharmacological activities, making it a promising candidate for therapeutic interventions in various diseases. Its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular, anticancer, neuroprotective, and metabolic effects underscore its potential as a valuable natural compound for promoting health and preventing chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olalekan Bukunmi Ogunro
- Drug Discovery, Toxicology, and Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, KolaDaisi University, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Mahapatra AD, Paul I, Dasgupta S, Roy O, Sarkar S, Ghosh T, Basu S, Chattopadhyay D. Antiviral Potential and In Silico Insights of Polyphenols as Sustainable Phytopharmaceuticals: A Comprehensive Review. Chem Biodivers 2025; 22:e202401913. [PMID: 39648847 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202401913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Revised: 11/23/2024] [Accepted: 12/06/2024] [Indexed: 12/10/2024]
Abstract
Polyphenols, particularly flavonoids, are reported to have health-promoting, disease-preventing abilities and several polyphenols having a wide spectrum of antiviral activities can be explored for preventive and/or therapeutic purposes. We have compiled the updated literature of diverse polyphenols active against common viral diseases, including herpes, hepatitis, influenza, rota and SARS-corona-viruses. The antiviral activity of bioactive polyphenols depends on the hydroxyl and ester groups of polyphenol molecules, as compounds with five or more hydroxyl groups and three specific methoxy groups showed antiviral potential, like anti-rabies activity. This comprehensive review will explore selective polyphenols isolated from common ethnomedicinal or food plants. Comparing bioactivities of structurally related polyphenols and using bioinformatics studies, we have explored the three most promising phyto-antivirals, including chrysin, resveratrol and quercetin, available in many foods and medicinal plants. Quercetin showed a maximum interaction score with human genes. We also explore the intricate structure-activity relationship between these polyphenols and pathogenic viruses with their mechanisms of antiviral action in selected virus models. Here, we report the promising potential of some phyto-polyphenols in the management of viral diseases through an in-depth analysis of the structure and bioactivity of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Indrani Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, Brainware University, Barasat, Kolkata, India
| | - Sanjukta Dasgupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Brainware University, Barasat, Kolkata, India
- Center for Multidisciplinary Research & Innovations, Brainware University, Barasat, Kolkata, India
| | - Oliva Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Brainware University, Barasat, Kolkata, India
| | - Srinjoy Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Brainware University, Barasat, Kolkata, India
| | - Tusha Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, Brainware University, Barasat, Kolkata, India
| | - Sayantan Basu
- Department of Biotechnology, Brainware University, Barasat, Kolkata, India
| | - Debprasad Chattopadhyay
- School of Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda University, Barrackpore, Kolkata, India
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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Lanave G, Pellegrini F, Catella C, Mateos H, Palazzo G, Gentile A, Diakoudi G, Burgio M, Tempesta M, Martella V, Camero M. Virucidal Activity of Lemon Juice Against Feline Calicivirus, Surrogate of Norovirus. Antibiotics (Basel) 2025; 14:273. [PMID: 40149084 PMCID: PMC11939639 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics14030273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2025] [Revised: 03/01/2025] [Accepted: 03/05/2025] [Indexed: 03/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Noroviruses are a major cause of acute gastroenteritis, often transmitted through contaminated food and water. In this study, lemon juice (LJ), rich in citric acid (CA) and flavonoids, was tested against Feline Calicivirus (FCV), used as a surrogate of human norovirus. Significant virucidal activity was observed for pure LJ (pH = 2.3), with a reduction in viral titers as high as 4.50 log10 TCID50/50 µL after 30 s and complete inactivation after 1 min. LJ also showed limited virucidal activity at a dilution of 1:2000 (pH = 6.7), with a reduction in viral titer of 0.75 log10 TCID50/50 µL. CA (at the same molarity as CA in pure LJ and adjusted to pH = 2.3) exhibited virucidal effects comparable to pure LJ, with a decrease in viral titers as high as 3.75 log10 TCID50/50 µL, whilst diluted CA (pH = 6.7) did not show significant effects. This study demonstrated the virucidal efficacy of LJ, suggesting the role of pH and, eventually, of LJ bioactive compounds against a norovirus surrogate. Due to its large use in food preparation, LJ has the potential to enhance the safety of raw food. Also, broader applications in personal hygiene and surface disinfection could be devised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (G.L.); (C.C.); (A.G.); (G.D.); (M.B.); (M.T.); (V.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Francesco Pellegrini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (G.L.); (C.C.); (A.G.); (G.D.); (M.B.); (M.T.); (V.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Cristiana Catella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (G.L.); (C.C.); (A.G.); (G.D.); (M.B.); (M.T.); (V.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Helena Mateos
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI (Centre for Colloid and Surface Science), University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (H.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Gerardo Palazzo
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI (Centre for Colloid and Surface Science), University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (H.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Arturo Gentile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (G.L.); (C.C.); (A.G.); (G.D.); (M.B.); (M.T.); (V.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Georgia Diakoudi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (G.L.); (C.C.); (A.G.); (G.D.); (M.B.); (M.T.); (V.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Matteo Burgio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (G.L.); (C.C.); (A.G.); (G.D.); (M.B.); (M.T.); (V.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Maria Tempesta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (G.L.); (C.C.); (A.G.); (G.D.); (M.B.); (M.T.); (V.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (G.L.); (C.C.); (A.G.); (G.D.); (M.B.); (M.T.); (V.M.); (M.C.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Michele Camero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (G.L.); (C.C.); (A.G.); (G.D.); (M.B.); (M.T.); (V.M.); (M.C.)
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Lee JK, Choi JW, Park I, Kim NE, Kwon HC, Kwon J, Song YJ. Roseoside Is a Bioactive Compound in Kirengeshoma koreana Nakai Extract with Potent In Vitro Antiviral Activity Against Hepatitis C Virus. Molecules 2024; 29:5130. [PMID: 39519772 PMCID: PMC11547465 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29215130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2024] [Revised: 10/16/2024] [Accepted: 10/29/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a pathogen that causes cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma through chronic hepatitis C. This study focused on the anti-HCV activity of a 70% ethanol extract of Kirengeshoma koreana Nakai (KKE) and its bioactive chemical constituent(s). The KKE and its n-butanol (n-BuOH) fraction induced a significant reduction in HCV RNA levels without inducing cytotoxicity. A high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis revealed the presence of roseoside in the n-butanol fraction of the KKE, which inhibited HCV RNA replication in a concentration- and time-dependent manner without exerting cytotoxicity. Consistent with in silico molecular docking analysis data, roseoside targets and inhibits HCV NS5A/B replicase. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that roseoside is a chemical constituent in KKE that interferes with HCV replication by targeting NS5A/B replicase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Kyu Lee
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea; (J.-K.L.); (J.-W.C.); (N.-E.K.)
| | - Ji-Wan Choi
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea; (J.-K.L.); (J.-W.C.); (N.-E.K.)
| | - InWha Park
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (I.P.); (H.C.K.)
| | - Na-Eun Kim
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea; (J.-K.L.); (J.-W.C.); (N.-E.K.)
| | - Hak Cheol Kwon
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (I.P.); (H.C.K.)
| | - Jaeyoung Kwon
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (I.P.); (H.C.K.)
| | - Yoon-Jae Song
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea; (J.-K.L.); (J.-W.C.); (N.-E.K.)
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Chaudhuri D, Datta J, Majumder S, Giri K. Repurposing of drug molecules from FDA database against Hepatitis C virus E2 protein using ensemble docking approach. Mol Divers 2024; 28:1175-1188. [PMID: 37061608 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10646-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus, a member of the Flaviviridae family and genus Hepacivirus, is an enveloped, positively single stranded RNA virus. Its surface consists of a heterodimer of E1 and E2 proteins which play a crucial role in receptor binding and membrane fusion. In this study we have used in silico virtual screening by utilizing ensemble docking on the approved drugs. These drugs can bind with high efficiency to the 36 prominent conformations of the CD81 binding site clustered from a total of 3 µs MD simulation data on the E2 protein. We started with 9213 compounds from the FDA list of drugs and progressively came down to 5 compounds which have been seen to bind with very high efficiency to not only all the conformations but also the two predicted druggable pockets that encompass the CD81 binding site. MM/PBSA binding energy calculations also point to the highly stable interaction of the compounds to the E2 protein. This study may in future broaden the arsenal of therapeutics for use against HCV infection and lead to more effective care against the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwaipayan Chaudhuri
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Joyeeta Datta
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Satyabrata Majumder
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Kalyan Giri
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India.
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Ismat F, Tariq A, Shaheen A, Ullah R, Raheem K, Muddassar M, Mahboob S, Abbas W, Iqbal M, Rahman M. Inhibition of NS2B-NS3 protease from all four serotypes of dengue virus by punicalagin, punicalin and ellagic acid identified from Punica granatum. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38373021 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2314258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Despite a major threat to the public health in tropical and subtropical regions, dengue virus (DENV) infections are untreatable. Therefore, efforts are needed to investigate cost-effective therapeutic agents that could cure DENV infections in future. The NS2B-NS3 protease encoded by the genome of DENV is considered a critical target for the development of anti-dengue drugs. The objective of the current study was to find out a specific inhibitor of the NS2B-NS3 proteases from all four serotypes of DENV. To begin with, nine plant extracts with a medicinal history were evaluated for their role in inhibiting the NS2B-NS3 proteases by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) assay. Among the tested extracts, Punica granatum was found to be the most effective one. The metabolic profiling of this extract revealed the presence of several active compounds, including ellagic acid, punicalin and punicalagin, which are well-established antiviral agents. Further evaluation of IC50 values of these three antiviral molecules revealed punicalagin as the most potent anti-NS2B-NS3 protease drug with IC50 of 0.91 ± 0.10, 0.75 ± 0.05, 0.42 ± 0.03, 1.80 ± 0.16 µM against proteases from serotypes 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The docking studies demonstrated that these compounds interacted at the active site of the enzyme, mainly with His and Ser residues. Molecular dynamics simulations analysis also showed the structural stability of the NS2B-NS3 proteases in the presence of punicalagin. In summary, this study concludes that the punicalagin can act as an effective inhibitor against NS2B-NS3 proteases from all four serotypes of DENV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouzia Ismat
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Anam Tariq
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Shaheen
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Raheem Ullah
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Kayode Raheem
- Department of Bioscience, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Muddassar
- Department of Bioscience, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Mahboob
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Abbas
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Iqbal
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Moazur Rahman
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Rizaldi G, Hafid AF, Wahyuni TS. Promising alkaloids and flavonoids compounds as anti-hepatitis c virus agents: a review. J Public Health Afr 2023. [PMID: 37492538 PMCID: PMC10365654 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2023.2514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Virus infections are presently seen as a major public health problem. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is recognized as a “silent killer” because the acute infection has no symptoms, and it develops as a chronic infection that causes hepatocellular carcinoma and liver damage. The World Health Organization (WHO) predicts that between 130-170 million people are estimated to have chronic Hepatitis C. Plants have various phytochemical compounds such as alkaloids and flavonoids that have prominent antiviral effects especially anti-HCV. The current HCV treatment still has limitations related to side effects and can lead to viral resistance. Therefore, it is necessary for the discovery and development of novel anti-HCV drugs for alternative and complementary medicine.
Objective: This review intends to evaluate the alkaloids and flavonoids that have the potential to be used against HCV by looking at their classification and their mechanism of action.
Methods: Twenty-one articles from 2010 to 2022 obtained from PUBMED database using keywords such as isolated compounds, alkaloids, flavonoids, hepatitis C virus.
Results: 21 alkaloids and 37 flavonoids reported active against HCV. Alkaloids include quinoline, quinolizidine and isoquinoline. In addition, flavanone, flavonol, flavone, flavan-3-ol, flavonolignan, anthocyanidin and proanthocyanidin comprise flavonoids. The berberine alkaloids and eriodictyol 7-O-(6′′-caffeoyl)-β-D- glucopyranoside flavonoids had the lowest IC50 with values of 0.49 mM and 0.041 nM.
Conclusions: Alkaloids and flavonoids compound had good activity against HCV with various mechanisms. Our results provide information of alkaloids and flavonoids to the researcher for the development of alternative and complementary medicine of hepatitis C.
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