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Oluwayelu DO, Desario C, Babalola ET, Pratelli A, Daodu OB, Elia G, Odemuyiwa SO, Buonavoglia C, Decaro N, Diakoudi G. Genetic characterization of parvoviruses identified in stray cats in Nigeria. Acta Trop 2024; 250:107108. [PMID: 38145830 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Parvoviruses are a major cause of haemorrhagic gastroenteritis, leukopenia and high mortality in cats and dogs. In this study, the presence and genetic characteristics of parvoviruses circulating among cats in Nigeria are reported. Faecal samples of stray cats from live animal markets in southwestern (Oyo and Osun States) and north-central (Kwara State) Nigeria were screened for the presence of parvoviral DNA using a qPCR. Positive samples were further characterized using a qPCR based on minor groove binder probes. Overall, 85/102 (83.3 %) stray cats tested positive for feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) DNA and one cat was co-infected with canine parvovirus-2 type a. Sequence analysis of the complete capsid region of 15 Nigerian FPV strains revealed that they were up to 99.9 % similar to the American reference strain FPV-b at the nucleotide level, and three of them presented amino acid mutations in key capsid residues. This is the first report of identification and molecular characterization of FPV strains in cats in Nigeria. The high prevalence of the virus emphasizes the need for constant surveillance of the circulation of parvoviruses in Nigeria and underscores the need to deploy an effective vaccination strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Oladimeji Oluwayelu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | | | - Eunice Temilade Babalola
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | | | - Oluwafemi Babatunde Daodu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Gabriella Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Solomon Olawole Odemuyiwa
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, United States
| | - Canio Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Georgia Diakoudi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
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2
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Capozza P, Pellegrini F, Camero M, Diakoudi G, Omar AH, Salvaggiulo A, Decaro N, Elia G, Catucci L, Di Martino B, Fruci P, Tomassini L, Lepri E, Martella V, Lanave G. Hepadnavirus Infection in a Cat with Chronic Liver Disease: A Multi-Disciplinary Diagnostic Approach. Vet Sci 2023; 10:668. [PMID: 38133220 PMCID: PMC10747313 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10120668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A 3-year-old female stray, shorthair cat, with clinical signs and serum chemistry markers indicative of hepatic disease, was diagnosed with domestic cat hepadnavirus (DCH) infection. Coupling molecular and serological data, the infection was seemingly contextualized into a chronic phase, since IgM anti-core antibodies, a marker of early-stage Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection, were not detected. However, the cat possessed IgG anti-core, a common indicator of chronic HBV infection in human patients and did not show seroconversion to the anti-DCH surface antigen, considered protective during HBV infection and associated with long-term protective immunity. On genome sequencing, the DCH strain showed 98.3% nucleotide identity to strains previously identified in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Capozza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy; (P.C.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (A.H.O.); (A.S.); (N.D.); (G.E.); (G.L.)
| | - Francesco Pellegrini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy; (P.C.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (A.H.O.); (A.S.); (N.D.); (G.E.); (G.L.)
| | - Michele Camero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy; (P.C.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (A.H.O.); (A.S.); (N.D.); (G.E.); (G.L.)
| | - Georgia Diakoudi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy; (P.C.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (A.H.O.); (A.S.); (N.D.); (G.E.); (G.L.)
| | - Ahmed Hassan Omar
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy; (P.C.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (A.H.O.); (A.S.); (N.D.); (G.E.); (G.L.)
| | - Anna Salvaggiulo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy; (P.C.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (A.H.O.); (A.S.); (N.D.); (G.E.); (G.L.)
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy; (P.C.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (A.H.O.); (A.S.); (N.D.); (G.E.); (G.L.)
| | - Gabriella Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy; (P.C.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (A.H.O.); (A.S.); (N.D.); (G.E.); (G.L.)
| | | | - Barbara Di Martino
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (B.D.M.); (P.F.)
| | - Paola Fruci
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (B.D.M.); (P.F.)
| | - Letizia Tomassini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Elvio Lepri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy; (P.C.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (A.H.O.); (A.S.); (N.D.); (G.E.); (G.L.)
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy; (P.C.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (A.H.O.); (A.S.); (N.D.); (G.E.); (G.L.)
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3
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Lanave G, Diakoudi G, Pellegrini F, Lombardi R, Prioletti M, Circella E, Camarda A, Di Martino B, Camero M, Decaro N, Bányai K, Lavazza A, Buonavoglia C, Martella V. Novel parvovirus in an outbreak of fatal enteritis in European hedgehogs ( Erinaceus europaeus), Italy, 2022. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0249423. [PMID: 37728570 PMCID: PMC10581001 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02494-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Starting from June 2022, increased mortality associated with enteric signs was reported in European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) recovered at a regional wildlife rescue center, in Apulia, Italy. Cases of enteric disease were observed until the end of the breeding season, despite increased biosafety measures. A novel parvovirus was identified using metaviromic, and parvovirus-like particles were observed in the stools on electron microscopy observation. The virus was detected in the fecal samples of all the animals tested (n = 9) and in the internal organs (liver, spleen, and kidney) of three out of nine animals using a specific quantitative assay. In the full-length genome, the parvovirus was closely related (90.4% nt) to a chaphamaparvovirus identified in an Amur hedgehog (Erinaceus amurensis) in Asia and to chaphamaparvoviruses (≤ 70% nt) detected in bats and rodents. Since chaphamaparvoviruses are considered as pathogen in rodents, it will be important to investigate the pathogenic role, if any, of these parvoviruses in hedgehogs. IMPORTANCE European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) are common in Europe. This species has been shown to harbor occasionally zoonotic pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Exploring the virome of wildlife animals is important for animal conservation and also to assess zoonotic risks. Our metaviromic investigation identified a novel parvovirus from an outbreak of enteritis in European hedgehogs housed in a wildlife rescue center, extending the spectrum of potential viral pathogens in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Georgia Diakoudi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Lombardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Michela Prioletti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Elena Circella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Camarda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Michele Camero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Antonio Lavazza
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Canio Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Vasinioti VI, Pellegrini F, Buonavoglia A, Capozza P, Cardone R, Diakoudi G, Desario C, Catella C, Vicenza T, Lucente MS, Di Martino B, Camero M, Elia G, Decaro N, Martella V, Lanave G. Investigating the genetic diversity of CRESS DNA viruses in cats identifies a novel feline circovirus and unveils exposure of cats to canine circovirus. Res Vet Sci 2023; 161:86-95. [PMID: 37327693 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Circular replication-associated protein (Rep)-encoding single stranded (CRESS) DNA viruses include Circoviruses which have been found in several animal species and in human specimens. Circoviruses are associated with severe disease in pigs and birds and with respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders and systemic disease in dogs. In cats there are only a few anecdotical studies reporting CRESS DNA viruses. In this study, a total of 530 samples (361 sera, 131 stools, and 38 respiratory swabs) from cats, were screened for the presence of CRESS DNA viruses. Overall, 48 (9.0%) of 530 samples tested positive using a pan-Rep PCR. A total of 30 Rep sequences were obtained. Ten sequences of fecal origin were tightly related to each other (82.4-100% nt identity) and more distantly related to mongoose circoviruses (68.3 to 77.2% nt identity). At genome level these circoviruses displayed the highest nt identity (74.3-78.7%) to mongoose circoviruses thus representing a novel circovirus species. Circoviruses from different animal hosts (n = 12) and from humans (n = 8) were also identified. However, six Rep sequences were obtained from serum samples, including canine circoviruses, a human cyclovirus and human and fish-associated CRESS DNA viruses. The presence of these viruses in the sera would imply, to various extent, virus replication in the animal host, able to sustain viremia. Overall, these findings indicate a wide genetic diversity of CRESS DNA viruses in cats and warrant further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta Iris Vasinioti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Pellegrini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Alessio Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Capozza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Cardone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Georgia Diakoudi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Costantina Desario
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Cristiana Catella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Teresa Vicenza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Lucente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Barbara Di Martino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, SP18, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Michele Camero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy.
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Diakoudi G, Buonavoglia A, Pellegrini F, Capozza P, Vasinioti VI, Cardone R, Catella C, Camero M, Parisi A, Capozzi L, Mendoza-Roldan JA, Otranto D, Bànyai K, Martella V, Lanave G. Identification of new astroviruses in synanthropic squamates. Res Vet Sci 2023; 161:103-109. [PMID: 37331242 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Astroviruses have been identified in a wide variety of animal species and are associated with gastro-intestinal disease in humans. Pathologies due to extra-intestinal localization are known in different hosts. We report the detection of astroviruses in synanthropic squamate reptile species (Podercis siculus and Tarentola mauritanica). Fecal samples were collected from 100 squamates from urban and peri-urban areas of three regions in South Italy and tested for the presence of astroviruses using a broadly reactive (pan-astrovirus) RT-PCR protocol targeting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Astrovirus RNA was detected in 11% of the samples and for six strains a 3 kb-long fragment at the 3' end of the genome was sequenced, obtaining information on the complete capsid-encoding ORF2 sequence. Viral RNA was also detected in the brain of one of the positive animals. The sequences generated from the astrovirus strains shared low nucleotide identities in the ORF2 (< 43.7%) with other known reptilian astrovirus sequences, hinting to the massive genetic diversity of members of this viral family. Based on the partial RdRp gene of the sequenced strains, however, we observed species-specific patterns, regardless of the geographic origin of the animals, and we also identified a possible inter-species transmission event between geckoes and lizards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Diakoudi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | | | | | - Paolo Capozza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Cardone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Cristiana Catella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Michele Camero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Antonio Parisi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Putignano, Italy
| | - Loredana Capozzi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Putignano, Italy
| | | | - Domenico Otranto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Krisztián Bànyai
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary; University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy.
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
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Lanave G, Buonavoglia A, Pellegrini F, Di Martino B, Di Profio F, Diakoudi G, Catella C, Omar AH, Vasinioti VI, Cardone R, Santo G, Martella V, Camero M. An Outbreak of Limping Syndrome Associated with Feline Calicivirus. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1778. [PMID: 37889723 PMCID: PMC10251824 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a common viral pathogen found in domestic cats. FCV is highly contagious and demonstrates a high genetic variability. Upper respiratory tract disease, oral ulcerations, salivation, and gingivitis-stomatitis have been regarded as typical clinical signs of FCV infection. Ulcerative dermatitis, abortion, severe pneumonia, enteritis, chronic stomatitis, and virulent systemic disease have been reported more sporadically. Limping syndrome has been also described either in naturally or experimentally FCV-infected cats. In this study, we monitored a small outbreak of FCV infection in two household cats, in which limping disease was monitored with a 12-day lag time. The complete genome sequence was determined for the viruses isolated from the oropharyngeal and rectal swabs of the two animals, mapping up to 39 synonymous nucleotide mutations. The four isolates were sensitive to low pH conditions and trypsin treatment, a pattern usually associated with viruses isolated from the upper respiratory tract. Overall, the asynchronous pattern of infections and the results of genome sequencing suggest that a virus of respiratory origin was transmitted between the animals and that the FCV strain was able to retain the limping disease pathotype during the transmission chain, as previously observed in experimental studies with FCV strains associated with lameness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (A.B.); (F.P.); (G.D.); (C.C.); (A.H.O.); (V.I.V.); (R.C.); (V.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Alessio Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (A.B.); (F.P.); (G.D.); (C.C.); (A.H.O.); (V.I.V.); (R.C.); (V.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Francesco Pellegrini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (A.B.); (F.P.); (G.D.); (C.C.); (A.H.O.); (V.I.V.); (R.C.); (V.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Barbara Di Martino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (B.D.M.); (F.D.P.)
| | - Federica Di Profio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (B.D.M.); (F.D.P.)
| | - Georgia Diakoudi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (A.B.); (F.P.); (G.D.); (C.C.); (A.H.O.); (V.I.V.); (R.C.); (V.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Cristiana Catella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (A.B.); (F.P.); (G.D.); (C.C.); (A.H.O.); (V.I.V.); (R.C.); (V.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Ahmed H. Omar
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (A.B.); (F.P.); (G.D.); (C.C.); (A.H.O.); (V.I.V.); (R.C.); (V.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Violetta I. Vasinioti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (A.B.); (F.P.); (G.D.); (C.C.); (A.H.O.); (V.I.V.); (R.C.); (V.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Roberta Cardone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (A.B.); (F.P.); (G.D.); (C.C.); (A.H.O.); (V.I.V.); (R.C.); (V.M.); (M.C.)
| | | | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (A.B.); (F.P.); (G.D.); (C.C.); (A.H.O.); (V.I.V.); (R.C.); (V.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Michele Camero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (A.B.); (F.P.); (G.D.); (C.C.); (A.H.O.); (V.I.V.); (R.C.); (V.M.); (M.C.)
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Pellegrini F, Buonavoglia A, Omar AH, Diakoudi G, Lucente MS, Odigie AE, Sposato A, Augelli R, Camero M, Decaro N, Elia G, Bányai K, Martella V, Lanave G. A Cold Case of Equine Influenza Disentangled with Nanopore Sequencing. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13071153. [PMID: 37048408 PMCID: PMC10093709 DOI: 10.3390/ani13071153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Massive sequencing techniques have allowed us to develop straightforward approaches for the whole genome sequencing of viruses, including influenza viruses, generating information that is useful for improving the levels and dimensions of data analysis, even for archival samples. Using the Nanopore platform, we determined the whole genome sequence of an H3N8 equine influenza virus, identified from a 2005 outbreak in Apulia, Italy, whose origin had remained epidemiologically unexplained. The virus was tightly related (>99% at the nucleotide level) in all the genome segments to viruses identified in Poland in 2005–2008 and it was seemingly introduced locally with horse trading for the meat industry. In the phylogenetic analysis based on the eight genome segments, strain ITA/2005/horse/Bari was found to cluster with sub-lineage Florida 2 in the HA and M genes, whilst in the other genes it clustered with strains of the Eurasian lineage, revealing a multi-reassortant nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pellegrini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy (G.L.)
| | - Alessio Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy (G.L.)
| | - Ahmed H. Omar
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy (G.L.)
| | - Georgia Diakoudi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy (G.L.)
| | - Maria S. Lucente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy (G.L.)
| | - Amienwanlen E. Odigie
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy (G.L.)
| | - Alessio Sposato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy (G.L.)
| | | | - Michele Camero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy (G.L.)
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy (G.L.)
| | - Gabriella Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy (G.L.)
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, 1143 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1400 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy (G.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy (G.L.)
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Buonavoglia A, Zamparini F, Lanave G, Pellegrini F, Diakoudi G, Spinelli A, Lucente MS, Camero M, Vasinioti VI, Gandolfi MG, Martella V, Prati C. Endodontic Microbial Communities in Apical Periodontitis. J Endod 2023; 49:178-189. [PMID: 36526107 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Apical periodontitis (AP) represents an inflammatory condition of peri-radicular tissues due to invasion and colonization of bacteria in the root canals. Primary apical periodontitis (PAP) is associated with untreated necrotic root canal and can be efficiently treated with endodontic treatment to remove bacteria. Persistent/secondary apical periodontitis (SAP) is a perpetual periapical lesion due to unsuccessfully treated root canals after an initial apparent healing of the tooth. The aim of the study was evaluating the microbial communities associated with root canals using Nanopore sequencing. METHODS Seventeen samples from the root canals of 15 patients with AP were Polymerase Chain Reaction-amplified for 16s ribosomal DNA gene and sequenced. Information regarding the presence or absence of AP symptoms, PAP and SAP, and periapical index of patients were recorded. RESULTS Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria were the most abundant phyla detected and Phocaeicola, Pseudomonas, Rothia, and Prevotella were the most prominent genera. In samples of patients with AP symptoms, the most frequent detected genera were Cutibacterium, Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas, Dialister, Prevotella, and Staphylococcus. In PAP samples, the most represented genera were Cutibacterium, Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas, and Prevotella, whilst in SAP cases were Cutibacterium, Prevotella, Atopobium, Capnocytophaga, Fusobacterium, Pseudomonas, Solobacterium, and Streptococcus. CONCLUSIONS The results provide additional information on the microbiota of root-canals. These data evidence the complexity of the microbiota and the relationship with many clinical and endodontic conditions. Future studies must evaluate these conditions and identify their role in inducing bone damage and local and systemic disease, aiming to better elucidate the relationship between microbes and endodontic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Buonavoglia
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Dental School, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fausto Zamparini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Dental School, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy.
| | | | - Georgia Diakoudi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Andrea Spinelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Dental School, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Michele Camero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | | | - Maria Giovanna Gandolfi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Dental School, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Carlo Prati
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Dental School, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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9
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Lanave G, Ndiana LA, Pellegrini F, Diakoudi G, Di Martino B, Sgroi G, D'Alessio N, Vasinioti V, Camero M, Canuti M, Otranto D, Decaro N, Buonavoglia C, Martella V. Detection at high prevalence of newlavirus (protoparvovirus) in the carcasses of red foxes. Virus Res 2023; 323:198971. [PMID: 36257486 PMCID: PMC10194357 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Wildlife conservation also relies on the study of animal virome. We identified the DNA of a novel fox protoparvovirus, newlavirus, with high (71%) prevalence in the carcasses of red foxes. On genome sequencing, high genetic diversity and possible recombination was observed, suggesting complex evolutionary dynamics in wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianvito Lanave
- University of Bari, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
| | - Linda A Ndiana
- University of Bari, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Georgia Diakoudi
- University of Bari, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Sgroi
- University of Bari, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Valenzano, Bari, Italy; Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - Nicola D'Alessio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - Violetta Vasinioti
- University of Bari, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Camero
- University of Bari, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Marta Canuti
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, Department of Biology, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Domenico Otranto
- University of Bari, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- University of Bari, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Canio Buonavoglia
- University of Bari, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- University of Bari, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
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10
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Buonavoglia A, Pellegrini F, Lanave G, Diakoudi G, Lucente MS, Zamparini F, Camero M, Gandolfi MG, Martella V, Prati C. Analysis of oral microbiota in non-vital teeth and clinically intact external surface from patients with severe periodontitis using Nanopore sequencing: a case study. J Oral Microbiol 2023; 15:2185341. [PMID: 36891191 PMCID: PMC9987744 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2185341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases include a wide range of pathological conditions, damaging the supporting structures of the teeth. Origin and propagation of periodontal disease is believed to be caused by dysbiosis of the commensal oral microbiota. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of bacteria in the pulp cavity of teeth with severe periodontal disease with clinically intact external surface. Periodontal (P) and endodontic (E) tissue samples of root canals from six intact teeth of three patients were sampled for analysis of microbial population using Nanopore technology. Streptococcus was the predominant genus in E samples. Porphyromonas (33.4%, p = 0.047), Tannerella (41.7%, p = 0.042), and Treponema (50.0%, p = 0.0064) were significantly more present in P than in E samples. Some samples (E6 and E1) exhibited a remarkable difference in terms of microbial composition, whilst Streptococcus was a common signature in samples E2 to E5, all which were obtained from the same patient. In conclusion, bacteria were identified on both the root surface and the root canal system, thus demonstrating the possibility of bacteria to spread directly from the periodontal pocket to the root canal system even in the absence of crown's loss of integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Buonavoglia
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Dental School, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Georgia Diakoudi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Lucente
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Dental School, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fausto Zamparini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Camero
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Dental School, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Vito Martella
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Dental School, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Prati
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Dental School, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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11
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Diakoudi G, Desario C, Lanave G, Salucci S, Ndiana LA, Zarea AAK, Fouad EA, Lorusso A, Alfano F, Cavalli A, Buonavoglia C, Martella V, Decaro N. Feline Panleukopenia Virus in Dogs from Italy and Egypt. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:1933-1935. [PMID: 35997472 PMCID: PMC9423925 DOI: 10.3201/eid2809.220388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus and feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) are variants of Carnivore protoparvovirus 1. We identified and characterized FPV in dogs from Italy and Egypt using genomic sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. Cost-effective sequencing strategies should be used to monitor interspecies spread, evolution dynamics, and potential host jumping of FPV.
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12
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Fruci P, Profio FD, Palombieri A, Massirio I, Lanave G, Diakoudi G, Pellegrini F, Marsilio F, Martella V, Martino BD. Detection of antibodies against Domestic Cat Hepadnavirus using baculovirus-expressed core protein. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:2980-2986. [PMID: 35077025 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A novel orthohepadnavirus (Domestic Cat Hepadnavirus: DCH) similar to human hepatitis B virus has been recently detected in serum and liver samples from domestic cats with chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Molecular investigations by independent research groups around the world have revealed positivity rates ranging from 6.5% to 12.5% in blood samples and up to 14.0% in liver tissue. In this study, we screened an age-stratified collection of feline sera (n = 256) by using an antibody detection ELISA assay based on the recombinant core antigen of DCH (DCHc). Specific antibodies (DCHc Abs) were detected with a prevalence of 25.0%. The DNA of DCH was detected in 35.9% (23/64) of seropositive cats and only in 1.0% (2/192) of seronegative animals. Based on the serological (IgG and IgM anti-DCHc) and virological status, the possible stages of DCH infection were predicted. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Fruci
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Palombieri
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Georgia Diakoudi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Francesco Pellegrini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Fulvio Marsilio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
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13
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Capozza P, Martella V, Lanave G, Catella C, Diakoudi G, Beikpour F, Camero M, Di Martino B, Fusco G, Balestrieri A, Campanile G, Banyai K, Buonavoglia C. An outbreak of neonatal enteritis in buffalo calves associated with astrovirus. J Vet Sci 2021; 22:e84. [PMID: 34854267 PMCID: PMC8636656 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enteritis of an infectious origin is a major cause of productivity and economic losses to cattle producers worldwide. Several pathogens are believed to cause or contribute to the development of calf diarrhea. Astroviruses (AstVs) are neglected enteric pathogens in ruminants, but they have recently gained attention because of their possible association with encephalitis in humans and various animal species, including cattle. Objectives This paper describes a large outbreak of neonatal diarrhea in buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis), characterized by high mortality, which was associated with an AstV infection. Methods Following an enteritis outbreak characterized by high morbidity (100%) and mortality (46.2%) in a herd of Mediterranean buffaloes (B. bubalis) in Italy, 16 samples from buffalo calves were tested with the molecular tools for common and uncommon enteric pathogens, including AstV, kobuvirus, and torovirus. Results The samples tested negative for common enteric viral agents, including Rotavirus A, coronavirus, calicivirus, pestivirus, kobuvirus, and torovirus, while they tested positive for AstV. Overall, 62.5% (10/16) of the samples were positive in a single round reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for AstV, and 100% (16/16) were positive when nested PCR was performed. The strains identified in the outbreak showed a clonal origin and shared the closest genetic relationship with bovine AstVs (up to 85% amino acid identity in the capsid). Conclusions This report indicates that AstVs should be included in a differential diagnosis of infectious diarrhea in buffalo calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Capozza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano 70010, Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano 70010, Italy
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano 70010, Italy.
| | - Cristiana Catella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano 70010, Italy
| | - Georgia Diakoudi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano 70010, Italy
| | - Farzad Beikpour
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano 70010, Italy
| | - Michele Camero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano 70010, Italy
| | - Barbara Di Martino
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo 64100, Italy
| | - Giovanna Fusco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici 80055, Italy
| | - Anna Balestrieri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici 80055, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campanile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples, Naples 80137, Italy
| | - Krisztian Banyai
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest 1143, Hungary
| | - Canio Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano 70010, Italy
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14
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Trotta A, Cirilli M, Marinaro M, Bosak S, Diakoudi G, Ciccarelli S, Paci S, Buonavoglia D, Corrente M. Detection of multi-drug resistance and AmpC β-lactamase/extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes in bacterial isolates of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) from the Mediterranean Sea. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 164:112015. [PMID: 33513540 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sea turtles are useful sentinels to monitor the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the marine coastal ecosystems. Forty Gram negative bacteria were isolated from wounds of 52 injured Caretta caretta, living in the Mediterranean Sea. Bacteria were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and tested for susceptibility to 15 antibiotics. In addition, NGS amplicon sequencing was performed to detect the presence of AmpC β-lactamase genes (blaAmpC) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes (blaCTX-M,blaSHV,blaTEM). Seventy-five percent of the isolates (30/40 isolates) exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotypes and 32.5% (13/40 isolates) were confirmed to be positive for at least one gene. The variants of ESBLs genes were blaCTX-M-3,blaTEM-236 and blaSHV-12. Variants of the blaAmpCβ-lactamase gene i.e., blaACT-24, blaACT-2, blaACT-17, blaDHA-4 and blaCMY-37, were also detected. In addition, 4 isolates were found simultaneously harboring CTX and AmpC genes while 2 strains harbored 3 genes (blaACT-2+TEM-236+SHV-12, and blaCTX-M-3+ACT-24+TEM-236).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Trotta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Str. Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy.
| | - Margie Cirilli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Str. Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Marinaro
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Sunčica Bosak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Georgia Diakoudi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Str. Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - Stefano Ciccarelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Str. Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - Serena Paci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Str. Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - Domenico Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Str. Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - Marialaura Corrente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Str. Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy
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15
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Capozza P, Lanave G, Diakoudi G, Stasi F, Ghergo P, Ricci D, Santo G, Arena G, Grillo I, Delle Donne E, Di Lisio F, Zini E, Callegari C, Valente L, Camero M, Di Martino B, Beatty J, Barrs VR, Buonavoglia C, Martella V. A longitudinal observational study in two cats naturally-infected with hepadnavirus. Vet Microbiol 2021; 254:108999. [PMID: 33524809 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.108999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major cause of liver disease in humans including chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Domestic cat hepadnavirus (DCH), a novel HBV-like hepadnavirus, was identified in domestic cats in 2018. From 6.5 %-10.8 % of pet cats are viremic for DCH and altered serological markers suggestive of liver damage have been identified in 50 % of DCH-infected cats. DCH DNA has been detected in association with characteristic lesions of chronic hepatitis and with hepatocellular carcinoma in cats, suggesting a possible association. In this study longitudinal molecular screening of cats infected with DCH was performed to determine if DCH can cause chronic infections in cats. Upon re-testing of sera from five DCH-positive animals, 2-10 months after the initial diagnosis, three cats tested negative for DCH on two consecutive occasions using quantitative PCR. Two other cats remained DCH-positive, including an 8-month-old female cat re-tested four months after the initial positive result, and a 9-year-old male cat, which tested positive for DCH on six occasions over an 11-month period. The latter had a history of chronic hepatopathy with jaundice, lethargy and elevated serum alanine transaminase levels (ALT). During the period of observation, DCH titers ranged between 1.64 × 105 and 2.09 × 106 DNA copies/mL and ALT was persistently elevated, suggesting chronic infection. DCH DNA was not detected in oral, conjunctival, preputial and rectal swabs from the two animals collected at several time points. Long-term (chronic) infection would be consistent with the relatively high number of viremic cats identified in epidemiological investigations, with the possible association of DCH with chronic hepatic pathologies and with what described with HBV in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Capozza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Georgia Diakoudi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eric Zini
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, Italy; Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Carolina Callegari
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, Italy; IDEXX Laboratories, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Michele Camero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | | | - Julia Beatty
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Vanessa R Barrs
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Canio Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy.
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16
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Lanave G, Loconsole D, Centrone F, Catella C, Capozza P, Diakoudi G, Parisi A, Suffredini E, Buonavoglia A, Camero M, Chironna M, Martella V. Astrovirus VA1 in patients with acute gastroenteritis. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:864-869. [PMID: 33411943 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Human astroviruses (AstVs) are usually associated with acute gastroenteritis. In recent years, atypical animal-like AstVs have been identified, but their pathogenic role in humans has not been determined. Starting from 2010, there has been a growing evidence that AstVs may also be associated with encephalitis in human and animal hosts. Some human atypical AstV strains (VA1, MLB1/MLB2) display neurotropic potential, as they have been repeatedly identified in patients with AstV-related encephalitis, chiefly in immunosuppressed individuals. In this study, a VA1-like AstV was identified from a single stool sample from an outbreak of foodborne acute gastroenteritis occurred in Italy in 2018. On genome sequencing, the virus was related to the VA1-like strain UK1 (99.3% at the nucleotide level). Similar viruses were also found to circulate in paediatric patients hospitalized with AGE in the same time span, 2018, but at low prevalence (0.75%, 3/401). Gathering epidemiological data on atypical AstVs will be useful to assess the risks posed by atypical AstV infections, chiefly in medically fragile patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - Daniela Loconsole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology-Hygiene Section, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Centrone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology-Hygiene Section, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Cristiana Catella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - Paolo Capozza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - Georgia Diakoudi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - Antonio Parisi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Sezione di Putignano, Bari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Suffredini
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Buonavoglia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine 'Guido Baccelli', University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Camero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - Maria Chironna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology-Hygiene Section, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano (Bari), Italy
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17
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Martella V, Catella C, Capozza P, Diakoudi G, Camero M, Lanave G, Galante D, Cafiero MA, Lavazza A, Bányai K, Buonavoglia C. Identification of astroviruses in bovine and buffalo calves with enteritis. Res Vet Sci 2020; 131:59-68. [PMID: 32304933 PMCID: PMC7195147 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Astroviruses (AstVs) have been identified in the stools of calves with enteritis and in the brain tissues of bovines with encephalitis but their pathogenic role has not been clarified. In this study, we report the detection and characterization of bovine and water buffalo AstV strains identified in young bovine and buffalo calves with enteritis in Italy between 2012 and 2015. By negative staining transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation, AstV-like particles were identified in the stools of the animals and AstV RNA was confirmed molecularly. The sequence (~3.2-kb) at the 3′ end of the genome was determined for two bovine and two buffalo AstVs. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis on the partial ORF1b and full-length ORF2 revealed a marked genetic diversity although the viruses were distantly related to other AstV identified from ruminants. Gathering sequence information on ruminant AstVs is important to understand the extent of inter-species circulation and for the development of reliable, specific diagnostic tools. Astroviruses in ruminants are neglected enteric viruses. Recently, neurotropic strains have been identified in ruminants. Astrovirus was detected in outbreaks of enteritis in cattle and buffalo in Italy. Genome sequencing of the viruses unveiled marked genetic diversity. Implementing the diagnostics is pivotal to conceive surveillance studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Valenzano, Italy.
| | - Cristiana Catella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Paolo Capozza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Georgia Diakoudi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Michele Camero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Domenico Galante
- Zooprophylactic Institute of Puglia and Basilicata (IZS PB), Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Lavazza
- Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna (IZS LER), Brescia, Italy
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Canio Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
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18
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Diakoudi G, Lanave G, Catella C, Medici MC, De Conto F, Calderaro A, Loconsole D, Chironna M, Bonura F, Giammanco GM, Bányai K, Tohma K, Parra GI, Martella V, De Grazia S. Analysis of GII.P7 and GII.6 noroviruses circulating in Italy during 2011-2016 reveals a replacement of lineages and complex recombination history. Infect Genet Evol 2019; 75:103991. [PMID: 31394293 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.103991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Noroviruses are important human enteric pathogens and monitoring their genetic diversity is important for epidemiological surveillance, vaccine development, and understanding of RNA viruses evolution. Epidemiological investigations have revealed that genogroup II, genotype 6 noroviruses (GII.6) are common agents of gastroenteritis. Upon sequencing of the ORF2 (encoding the viral capsid), GII.6 viruses have been distinguished into three variants. Sentinel hospital-based surveillance in Italy revealed that GII.6 noroviruses were the second most common capsid genotype in 2015, mostly in association with a GII.P7 ORF1 (encoding the viral polymerase). Upon molecular characterization of the ORF1 and ORF2, the GII.P7_GII.6 epidemic viruses circulating in 2014-2015 (variant GII.6b) were different from those that circulated sporadically in 2011-2013 (variant GII.6a). Analysis of the ORF1 (GII.P7) and ORF2 (GII.6) sequences available in the databases unveiled marked genetic diversity and peculiarities in the phylogenetic segregation patterns, suggesting multiple recombination events. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that recent GII.P7_GII.6b viruses were circulating as early as 2008, and formed a genetically homogenous group that emerged globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Diakoudi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Italy
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Italy
| | - Cristiana Catella
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Italy
| | | | - Flora De Conto
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Italy
| | - Adriana Calderaro
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Italy
| | - Daniela Loconsole
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Oncologia Umana, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Chironna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Oncologia Umana, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Italy
| | - Floriana Bonura
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maurizio Giammanco
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro", Università di Palermo, Italy
| | - Kristián Bányai
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kentaro Tohma
- Division of Viral Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | - Vito Martella
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Italy.
| | - Simona De Grazia
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro", Università di Palermo, Italy
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19
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Melegari I, Di Profio F, Palombieri A, Sarchese V, Diakoudi G, Robetto S, Orusa R, Marsilio F, Bányai K, Martella V, Di Martino B. Molecular detection of canine bufaviruses in wild canids. Arch Virol 2019; 164:2315-2320. [PMID: 31168750 PMCID: PMC7086671 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04304-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Novel protoparvoviruses genetically related to human and non-human primate bufaviruses (BuVs) have been detected recently in respiratory and enteric specimens collected from dogs and cats. In this study, by molecular screening of archival collections of faecal samples from wolves and foxes, we detected BuVs with a rate of 17.1% (7/41) and 10.5% (9/86), respectively. Sequence analysis of a portion of the ORF2 gene region of nine positive samples showed that the viruses in these samples were closely related to BuVs (97.5–99.0% nucleotide sequence identity) found in domestic carnivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Melegari
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Piazza Aldo Moro, 45, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Federica Di Profio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Piazza Aldo Moro, 45, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Andrea Palombieri
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Piazza Aldo Moro, 45, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Vittorio Sarchese
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Piazza Aldo Moro, 45, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Georgia Diakoudi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Serena Robetto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, della Liguria e della Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Orusa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, della Liguria e della Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Fulvio Marsilio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Piazza Aldo Moro, 45, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Kristián Bányai
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vito Martella
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Barbara Di Martino
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Piazza Aldo Moro, 45, 64100, Teramo, Italy.
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20
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Caringella F, Elia G, Decaro N, Martella V, Lanave G, Varello K, Catella C, Diakoudi G, Carelli G, Colaianni ML, Bo S, Buonavoglia C. Feline calicivirus infection in cats with virulent systemic disease, Italy. Res Vet Sci 2019; 124:46-51. [PMID: 30844542 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a contagious viral pathogen that usually causes a mild, self-limiting respiratory disease. More recently, highly virulent FCV strains have emerged and have been associated with severe systemic infection, referred to as virulent systemic disease (VSD). The objective of this study is to report VSD cases in Italian cats along with the molecular characterization of two detected FCV strains. Three client-owned cats showed clinical signs resembling to those described for VSD cases. The cats were subjected to molecular investigations for detection of FCV and other feline pathogens. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry were performed on internal organs of one cat; molecular characterization of two detected FCV strains was obtained through sequence and phylogenetic analyses. Putative VS-FCV strains were detected in all three cats, which were co-infected with feline panleukopenia virus. The cat submitted to histopathology and immunohistochemistry displayed severe histological changes and FCV antigens in internal organs. Two Italian FCV strains, for which amplification of ORF2 was successful, were strictly related and formed a unique phylogenetic cluster. These viruses did not show consistent changes in the amino acid sequences with respect to reference VS-FCVs. The results of our study confirm that VS-FCV strains are circulating in Italy and that VSD diagnosis is complicated since both genetic and clinical markers have not been identified so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Caringella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Katia Varello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna, 148, 10154 Torino, TO, Italy
| | - Cristiana Catella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Georgia Diakoudi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Grazia Carelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Loredana Colaianni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Via Manfredonia, 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy
| | - Stefano Bo
- Ambulatorio Veterinario Associato, Via Fratelli Calandra, 3, 10123 Torino, Italy
| | - Canio Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
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