1
|
Oluwayelu DO, Desario C, Babalola ET, Pratelli A, Daodu OB, Elia G, Odemuyiwa SO, Buonavoglia C, Decaro N, Diakoudi G. Genetic characterization of parvoviruses identified in stray cats in Nigeria. Acta Trop 2024; 250:107108. [PMID: 38145830 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Parvoviruses are a major cause of haemorrhagic gastroenteritis, leukopenia and high mortality in cats and dogs. In this study, the presence and genetic characteristics of parvoviruses circulating among cats in Nigeria are reported. Faecal samples of stray cats from live animal markets in southwestern (Oyo and Osun States) and north-central (Kwara State) Nigeria were screened for the presence of parvoviral DNA using a qPCR. Positive samples were further characterized using a qPCR based on minor groove binder probes. Overall, 85/102 (83.3 %) stray cats tested positive for feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) DNA and one cat was co-infected with canine parvovirus-2 type a. Sequence analysis of the complete capsid region of 15 Nigerian FPV strains revealed that they were up to 99.9 % similar to the American reference strain FPV-b at the nucleotide level, and three of them presented amino acid mutations in key capsid residues. This is the first report of identification and molecular characterization of FPV strains in cats in Nigeria. The high prevalence of the virus emphasizes the need for constant surveillance of the circulation of parvoviruses in Nigeria and underscores the need to deploy an effective vaccination strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Oladimeji Oluwayelu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | | | - Eunice Temilade Babalola
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | | | - Oluwafemi Babatunde Daodu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Gabriella Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Solomon Olawole Odemuyiwa
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, United States
| | - Canio Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Georgia Diakoudi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Capozza P, Pellegrini F, Camero M, Diakoudi G, Omar AH, Salvaggiulo A, Decaro N, Elia G, Catucci L, Di Martino B, Fruci P, Tomassini L, Lepri E, Martella V, Lanave G. Hepadnavirus Infection in a Cat with Chronic Liver Disease: A Multi-Disciplinary Diagnostic Approach. Vet Sci 2023; 10:668. [PMID: 38133220 PMCID: PMC10747313 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10120668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A 3-year-old female stray, shorthair cat, with clinical signs and serum chemistry markers indicative of hepatic disease, was diagnosed with domestic cat hepadnavirus (DCH) infection. Coupling molecular and serological data, the infection was seemingly contextualized into a chronic phase, since IgM anti-core antibodies, a marker of early-stage Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection, were not detected. However, the cat possessed IgG anti-core, a common indicator of chronic HBV infection in human patients and did not show seroconversion to the anti-DCH surface antigen, considered protective during HBV infection and associated with long-term protective immunity. On genome sequencing, the DCH strain showed 98.3% nucleotide identity to strains previously identified in Italy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Capozza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy; (P.C.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (A.H.O.); (A.S.); (N.D.); (G.E.); (G.L.)
| | - Francesco Pellegrini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy; (P.C.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (A.H.O.); (A.S.); (N.D.); (G.E.); (G.L.)
| | - Michele Camero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy; (P.C.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (A.H.O.); (A.S.); (N.D.); (G.E.); (G.L.)
| | - Georgia Diakoudi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy; (P.C.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (A.H.O.); (A.S.); (N.D.); (G.E.); (G.L.)
| | - Ahmed Hassan Omar
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy; (P.C.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (A.H.O.); (A.S.); (N.D.); (G.E.); (G.L.)
| | - Anna Salvaggiulo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy; (P.C.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (A.H.O.); (A.S.); (N.D.); (G.E.); (G.L.)
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy; (P.C.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (A.H.O.); (A.S.); (N.D.); (G.E.); (G.L.)
| | - Gabriella Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy; (P.C.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (A.H.O.); (A.S.); (N.D.); (G.E.); (G.L.)
| | | | - Barbara Di Martino
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (B.D.M.); (P.F.)
| | - Paola Fruci
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (B.D.M.); (P.F.)
| | - Letizia Tomassini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Elvio Lepri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy; (P.C.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (A.H.O.); (A.S.); (N.D.); (G.E.); (G.L.)
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy; (P.C.); (F.P.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (A.H.O.); (A.S.); (N.D.); (G.E.); (G.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vasinioti VI, Pellegrini F, Buonavoglia A, Capozza P, Cardone R, Diakoudi G, Desario C, Catella C, Vicenza T, Lucente MS, Di Martino B, Camero M, Elia G, Decaro N, Martella V, Lanave G. Investigating the genetic diversity of CRESS DNA viruses in cats identifies a novel feline circovirus and unveils exposure of cats to canine circovirus. Res Vet Sci 2023; 161:86-95. [PMID: 37327693 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Circular replication-associated protein (Rep)-encoding single stranded (CRESS) DNA viruses include Circoviruses which have been found in several animal species and in human specimens. Circoviruses are associated with severe disease in pigs and birds and with respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders and systemic disease in dogs. In cats there are only a few anecdotical studies reporting CRESS DNA viruses. In this study, a total of 530 samples (361 sera, 131 stools, and 38 respiratory swabs) from cats, were screened for the presence of CRESS DNA viruses. Overall, 48 (9.0%) of 530 samples tested positive using a pan-Rep PCR. A total of 30 Rep sequences were obtained. Ten sequences of fecal origin were tightly related to each other (82.4-100% nt identity) and more distantly related to mongoose circoviruses (68.3 to 77.2% nt identity). At genome level these circoviruses displayed the highest nt identity (74.3-78.7%) to mongoose circoviruses thus representing a novel circovirus species. Circoviruses from different animal hosts (n = 12) and from humans (n = 8) were also identified. However, six Rep sequences were obtained from serum samples, including canine circoviruses, a human cyclovirus and human and fish-associated CRESS DNA viruses. The presence of these viruses in the sera would imply, to various extent, virus replication in the animal host, able to sustain viremia. Overall, these findings indicate a wide genetic diversity of CRESS DNA viruses in cats and warrant further investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Violetta Iris Vasinioti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Pellegrini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Alessio Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Capozza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Cardone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Georgia Diakoudi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Costantina Desario
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Cristiana Catella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Teresa Vicenza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Lucente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Barbara Di Martino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, SP18, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Michele Camero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tragni V, Mercurio I, Paoletti DP, Onofrio A, Laera L, Cafferati Beltrame L, Sgobba MN, Guerra L, Volpicella M, De Grassi A, Elia G, Pierri CL. Deconstructing SARS-CoV-2 neutralization: A modular molecular framework for computational design and comparison of antibodies and nanobodies targeting the spike RBD. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28875. [PMID: 37338047 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Since 2020 the COVID-19 pandemic has led scientists to search for strategies to predict the transmissibility and virulence of new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants based on the estimation of the affinity of the spike receptor binding domain (RBD) for the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and/or neutralizing antibodies. In this context, our lab developed a computational pipeline to quickly quantify the free energy of interaction at the spike RBD/ACE2 protein-protein interface, reflecting the incidence trend observed in the transmissibility/virulence of the investigated variants. In this new study, we used our pipeline to estimate the free energy of interaction between the RBD from 10 variants, and 14 antibodies (ab), or 5 nanobodies (nb), highlighting the RBD regions preferentially targeted by the investigated ab/nb. Our structural comparative analysis and interaction energy calculations allowed us to propose the most promising RBD regions to be targeted by future ab/nb to be designed by site-directed mutagenesis of existing high-affinity ab/nb, to increase their affinity for the target RBD region, for preventing spike-RBD/ACE2 interactions and virus entry in host cells. Furthermore, we evaluated the ability of the investigated ab/nb to simultaneously interact with the three RBD located on the surface of the trimeric spike protein, which can alternatively be in up- or down- (all-3-up-, all-3-down-, 1-up-/2-down-, 2-up-/1-down-) conformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Tragni
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Ivan Mercurio
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Environment, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Diletta Pia Paoletti
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Environment, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Onofrio
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Luna Laera
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Environment, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Maria Noemi Sgobba
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Environment, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Guerra
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Environment, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Volpicella
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Environment, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna De Grassi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Environment, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Maggiolino A, Centoducati G, Casalino E, Elia G, Latronico T, Liuzzi MG, Macchia L, Dahl GE, Ventriglia G, Zizzo N, De Palo P. Use of a commercial feed supplement based on yeast products and microalgae with or without nucleotide addition in calves. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:4397-4412. [PMID: 37080790 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The use of feed additives with antioxidant and immune response modulatory activity could be a useful strategy in suckling calves to reduce morbidity and mortality. This strategy is based on several feed additives tested for these purposes. The aim of the paper is the examination of a commercial feed additive for adult cows for use in calves, with and without nucleotide supplementation. Seventy-five Holstein Friesian male calves were divided in 3 groups, with each calf randomly assigned to a group according to birth order. All calves received 2 L of pooled colostrum within 2 h of birth. The commercial feed supplement group was orally administered with 5 g/head of Decosel (dried brewer's yeast lysate (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), brewer's yeast walls (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), diatoms, spirulina, barley flour, calcium carbonate; Agroteam srl, Torrimpietra, Italy) and the nucleotides + commercial feed supplement group was orally administered with 5 g/head of an additive containing 2.5 g of Decosel and 2.5 g of nucleotides once daily from birth to 25 d. The control group was orally administered 20 mL of fresh water/head once daily. Calves that received the supplement and the nucleotides showed lower rates of protein and metabolizable energy conversion, with longer villi and greater crypt depth in duodenum. Moreover, the commercial feed supplement alone increased antioxidant capacity [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power] in plasma some activity of antioxidant liver enzymes, and peripheral blood mononuclear cell viability after in vitro concanavalin A and H2O2 stimuli. Dietary supplementation with a commercial feed supplement containing yeast products (yeast cell walls and hydrolyzed yeast) and microalgae enhanced the redox balance and gut morphology in calves, allowing calves to improve their immune response, increasing resistance to stress. Moreover, these beneficial effects were strongly potentiated when dietary nucleotides were added to the supplement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aristide Maggiolino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Gerardo Centoducati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Casalino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Gabriella Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Tiziana Latronico
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Aldo Moro, 70026 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Liuzzi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Aldo Moro, 70026 Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Macchia
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, School and Chair of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Bari, Aldo Moro, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Geoffrey E Dahl
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - Gianluca Ventriglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Nicola Zizzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Palo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pellegrini F, Buonavoglia A, Omar AH, Diakoudi G, Lucente MS, Odigie AE, Sposato A, Augelli R, Camero M, Decaro N, Elia G, Bányai K, Martella V, Lanave G. A Cold Case of Equine Influenza Disentangled with Nanopore Sequencing. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13071153. [PMID: 37048408 PMCID: PMC10093709 DOI: 10.3390/ani13071153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Massive sequencing techniques have allowed us to develop straightforward approaches for the whole genome sequencing of viruses, including influenza viruses, generating information that is useful for improving the levels and dimensions of data analysis, even for archival samples. Using the Nanopore platform, we determined the whole genome sequence of an H3N8 equine influenza virus, identified from a 2005 outbreak in Apulia, Italy, whose origin had remained epidemiologically unexplained. The virus was tightly related (>99% at the nucleotide level) in all the genome segments to viruses identified in Poland in 2005–2008 and it was seemingly introduced locally with horse trading for the meat industry. In the phylogenetic analysis based on the eight genome segments, strain ITA/2005/horse/Bari was found to cluster with sub-lineage Florida 2 in the HA and M genes, whilst in the other genes it clustered with strains of the Eurasian lineage, revealing a multi-reassortant nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pellegrini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy (G.L.)
| | - Alessio Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy (G.L.)
| | - Ahmed H. Omar
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy (G.L.)
| | - Georgia Diakoudi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy (G.L.)
| | - Maria S. Lucente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy (G.L.)
| | - Amienwanlen E. Odigie
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy (G.L.)
| | - Alessio Sposato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy (G.L.)
| | | | - Michele Camero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy (G.L.)
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy (G.L.)
| | - Gabriella Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy (G.L.)
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, 1143 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1400 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy (G.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy (G.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ndiana LA, Lanave G, Desario C, Odigie AE, Madubuike KG, Lucente MS, Ezeifeka CA, Patruno G, Lorusso E, Elia G, Buonavoglia C, Decaro N. Detection of Selected Canine Viruses in Nigerian Free-Ranging Dogs Traded for Meat Consumption. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061119. [PMID: 36978659 PMCID: PMC10044693 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal trade favors the spreading of emerging and re-emerging pathogens. Concerns have been previously expressed regarding the risks of dog trade in spreading zoonotic pathogens in Nigeria. However, the role of these dogs in disseminating highly pathogenic canine viruses has not yet been explored. The present study aimed to identify selected canine viruses in dogs traded for meat consumption in Nigeria. A total of 100 blood samples were screened for carnivore protoparvovirus-1 (CPPV-1), canine adenovirus 1/2 (CAdV-1/2), canine circovirus (CaCV), and canine distemper virus (CDV) by using real-time PCR and conventional PCR and/or sequencing. CPPV-1 DNA was identified in 83% of canine samples while CaCV DNA and CDV RNA were detected in 14% and 17% of the dog samples, respectively. None of the dogs tested positive for CAdV-1/2. The CaCVs identified in this study clustered along with other European, Asian, and American strains. Moreover, CDV strains identified in Nigeria clustered in a separate lineage with the closest genetic relatedness to the Europe-South America-1 clade. Further surveys prior to and after arrival of dogs at the slaughtering points are required to clarify the real virus burden in these animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Ndiana
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umuhaia Ikot Ekpene Road, Umudike 440101, Nigeria
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Costantina Desario
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Amienwanlen E Odigie
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Kelechi G Madubuike
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umuhaia Ikot Ekpene Road, Umudike 440101, Nigeria
| | - Maria Stella Lucente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Chukwuemeka A Ezeifeka
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umuhaia Ikot Ekpene Road, Umudike 440101, Nigeria
| | - Giovanni Patruno
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lorusso
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Canio Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
De Maio F, Rullo M, de Candia M, Purgatorio R, Lopopolo G, Santarelli G, Palmieri V, Papi M, Elia G, De Candia E, Sanguinetti M, Altomare CD. Evaluation of Novel Guanidino-Containing Isonipecotamide Inhibitors of Blood Coagulation Factors against SARS-CoV-2 Virus Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081730. [PMID: 36016352 PMCID: PMC9415951 DOI: 10.3390/v14081730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Coagulation factor Xa (fXa) and thrombin (thr) are widely expressed in pulmonary tissues, where they may catalyze, together with the transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), the coronaviruses spike protein (SP) cleavage and activation, thus enhancing the SP binding to ACE2 and cell infection. In this study, we evaluate in vitro the ability of approved (i.e., dabigatran and rivaroxaban) and newly synthesized isonipecotamide-based reversible inhibitors of fXa/thr (cmpds 1-3) to hinder the SARS-CoV-2 infectivity of VERO cells. Nafamostat, which is a guanidine/amidine antithrombin and antiplasmin agent, disclosed as a covalent inhibitor of TMPRSS2, was also evaluated. While dabigatran and rivaroxaban at 100 μM concentration did not show any effect on SARS-CoV-2 infection, the virus preincubation with new guanidino-containing fXa-selective inhibitors 1 and 3 did decrease viral infectivity of VERO cells at subtoxic doses. When the cells were pre-incubated with 3, a reversible nanomolar inhibitor of fXa (Ki = 15 nM) showing the best in silico docking score toward TMPRSS2 (pdb 7MEQ), the SARS-CoV-2 infectivity was completely inhibited at 100 μM (p < 0.0001), where the cytopathic effect was just about 10%. The inhibitory effects of 3 on SARS-CoV-2 infection was evident (ca. 30%) at lower concentrations (3-50 μM). The covalent TMPRSS2 and the selective inhibitor nafamostat mesylate, although showing some effect (15-20% inhibition), did not achieve statistically significant activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection in the whole range of test concentrations (3-100 μM). These findings suggest that direct inhibitors of the main serine proteases of the blood coagulation cascade may have potential in SARS-CoV-2 drug discovery. Furthermore, they prove that basic amidino-containing fXa inhibitors with a higher docking score towards TMPRSS2 may be considered hits for optimizing novel small molecules protecting guest cells from SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flavio De Maio
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, I-00168 Rome, Italy; (F.D.M.); (G.S.); (V.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Mariagrazia Rullo
- Department of Pharmacy–Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (M.R.); (M.d.C.); (R.P.); (G.L.)
| | - Modesto de Candia
- Department of Pharmacy–Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (M.R.); (M.d.C.); (R.P.); (G.L.)
| | - Rosa Purgatorio
- Department of Pharmacy–Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (M.R.); (M.d.C.); (R.P.); (G.L.)
| | - Gianfranco Lopopolo
- Department of Pharmacy–Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (M.R.); (M.d.C.); (R.P.); (G.L.)
| | - Giulia Santarelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, I-00168 Rome, Italy; (F.D.M.); (G.S.); (V.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Valentina Palmieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, I-00168 Rome, Italy; (F.D.M.); (G.S.); (V.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Massimiliano Papi
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, I-00168 Rome, Italy; (F.D.M.); (G.S.); (V.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Gabriella Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Erica De Candia
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, I-00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, I-00168 Rome, Italy; (F.D.M.); (G.S.); (V.P.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (C.D.A.)
| | - Cosimo Damiano Altomare
- Department of Pharmacy–Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (M.R.); (M.d.C.); (R.P.); (G.L.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (C.D.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ferri C, Raimondo V, Gragnani L, Giuggioli D, Dagna L, Tavoni A, Ursini F, L’andolina M, Caso F, Ruscitti P, Caminiti M, Foti R, Riccieri V, Guiducci S, Pellegrini R, Zanatta E, Varcasia G, Olivo D, Gigliotti P, Cuomo G, Murdaca G, Cecchetti R, De Angelis R, Romeo N, Ingegnoli F, Cozzi F, Codullo V, Cavazzana I, Colaci M, Abignano G, De Santis M, Lubrano E, Fusaro E, Spinella A, Lumetti F, De Luca G, Bellando Randone S, Visalli E, Dal Bosco Y, Amato G, Giannini D, Bilia S, Masini F, Pellegrino G, Pigatto E, Generali E, Pagano Mariano G, Pettiti G, Zanframundo G, Brittelli R, Aiello V, Caminiti R, Scorpiniti D, Ferrari T, Campochiaro C, Brusi V, Fredi M, Moschetti L, Cacciapaglia F, Ferrari SM, DI Cola I, Vadacca M, Lorusso S, Monti M, Lorini S, Paparo SR, Ragusa F, Elia G, Mazzi V, Aprile ML, Tasso M, Miccoli M, Bosello SL, D’angelo S, Doria A, Franceschini F, Meliconi R, Matucci-Cerinic M, Iannone F, Giacomelli R, Salvarani C, Zignego AL, Fallahi P, Antonelli A. POS1267 LONG-TERM SURVEY STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON SYSTEMIC AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES. LOW DEATH RATE DESPITE THE INCREASED PREVALENCE OF SYMPTOMATIC INFECTION. ROLE OF PRE-EXISTING INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE AND ONGOING TREATMENTS. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.4522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundPatients with autoimmune systemic diseases (ASDs) can be counted among frail populations as regards the predisposition to COVID-19 due to the frequent visceral organ involvement and comorbidities, as well as the ongoing immunomodulating treatments.ObjectivesOur long-term multicenter telephone survey prospectively investigated the prevalence, prognostic factors, and outcomes of COVID-19 in Italian ASD patients during the first 3 pandemic waves.MethodsA large series of 3,918 ASD patients (815 M, 3103 F; mean age 59±12SD years) was consecutively recruited at the 36 referral centers of COVID-19 & ASD Italian Study Group. In particular, ASD series encompassed the following conditions: rheumatoid arthritis (n: 981), psoriatic arthritis (n: 471), ankylosing spondylitis (n: 159), systemic sclerosis (n: 1,738), systemic lupus (172), systemic vasculitis (n: 219), and a miscellany of other ASDs (n: 178). The development of COVID-19 was recorded by means of telephone survey using standardized symptom-assessment questionnaire (1).ResultsA significantly increased prevalence of COVID-19 (8.37% vs 6.49%; p<0.0001) was observed in our ASD patients, while the cumulative death rate revealed statistically comparable to the Italian general population (3.65% vs 2.95%; p: ns). In particular, among the 328 ASD patients complicated by COVID-19, 57 (17%) needed hospitalization, while mild-moderate manifestations were observed in the large majority of individuals (83%). In addition, 12/57 hospitalized patients died due to severe interstitial pneumonia and/or cardiovascular manifestations.Interestingly, a significantly higher COVID-19-related death rate was observed in systemic sclerosis patients compared to the Italian general population (6.29% vs 2.95%; p=0.018). Other adverse prognostic factors to develop COVID-19 were the patients’ older age, male gender, pre-existing ASD-related interstitial lung involvement, and chronic steroid treatment. Conversely, patients treated with conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) showed a significantly lower prevalence of COVID-19 compared to those without (3.58% vs 46.99%; p=0.000), as well as the chronic administration of low dose aspirin in a subgroup of SSc patients (with 5.57% vs without 27.84%; p=0.000).ConclusionThe cumulative impact of COVID-19 on ASD patients after the first 3 pandemic waves revealed less severe than that observed during the first phase of pandemic (1), especially with regards to the death rate that was comparable to the Italian general population in spite of the increased prevalence of complicating COVID-19 in the same ASD series.Ongoing long-term treatments, mainly csDMARDs, might usefully contribute to generally positive outcomes of in this frail patients’ population.Of note, a significantly increased COVID-19-related mortality was recorded in only SSc patients’ subgroup, possibly favored by pre-existing lung fibrosis. Among different ASD, SSc deserves special attention, since it shares the main pathological alterations with COVID-19, namely the interstitial lung involvement and the endothelial injury responsible for diffuse microangiopathy.Besides SSc, the patients’ subgroups characterized by older age, chronic steroid treatment, pre-existing interstitial lung disease, and/or impaired COVID-19 vaccine response (1-3), may deserve well-designed prevention and management strategies.References[1]Ferri C, et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020 Oct 14 doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-219113.[2]Ferri C et al. J Autoimmun. 2021 Dec;125:102744. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102744.[3]Visentini M et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021 Nov 24. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221248Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
Collapse
|
10
|
Ndiana LA, Lanave G, Vasinioti V, Desario C, Martino C, Colaianni ML, Pellegrini F, Camarda A, Berjaoui S, Sgroi G, Elia G, Pratelli A, Buono F, Martella V, Buonavoglia C, Decaro N. Detection and Genetic Characterization of Canine Adenoviruses, Circoviruses, and Novel Cycloviruses From Wild Carnivores in Italy. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:851987. [PMID: 35433913 PMCID: PMC9010027 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.851987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild carnivores are known to play a role in the epidemiology of several canine viruses, including canine adenoviruses types 1 (CAdV-1) and 2 (CAdV-2), canine circovirus (CanineCV) and canine distemper virus (CDV). In the present study, we report an epidemiological survey for these viruses in free ranging carnivores from Italy. A total of 262 wild carnivores, including red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), wolves (Canis lupus) and Eurasian badgers (Meles meles) were sampled. Viral nucleic acid was extracted and screened by real-time PCR assays (qPCR) for the presence of CAdVs and CanineCV DNA, as well as for CDV RNA. CAdV-1 DNA was detected only in red foxes (4/232, 1.7%) whilst the wolves (0/8, 0%) and Eurasian badgers (0/22, 0%) tested negative. CanineCV DNA was detected in 4 (18%) Eurasian badgers, 4 (50%) wolves and 0 (0%) red foxes. None of the animals tested positive for CDV or CAdV-2. By sequence and phylogenetic analyses, CAdV-1 and CanineCV sequences from wild carnivores were closely related to reference sequences from domestic dogs and wild carnivores. Surprisingly, two sequences from wolf intestines were identified as cycloviruses with one sequence (145.20-5432) displaying 68.6% nucleotide identity to a cyclovirus detected in a domestic cat, while the other (145.201329) was more closely related (79.4% nucleotide identity) to a cyclovirus sequence from bats. A continuous surveillance in wild carnivores should be carried out in order to monitor the circulation in wildlife of viruses pathogenic for domestic carnivores and endangered wild species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda A. Ndiana
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Camillo Martino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise 'G. Caporale', Teramo, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonio Camarda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Shadia Berjaoui
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise 'G. Caporale', Teramo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sgroi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Buono
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Nicola Decaro
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dinardo F, Maggiolino A, Martinello T, Liuzzi G, Elia G, Zizzo N, Latronico T, Mastrangelo F, Dahl G, De Palo P. Oral administration of nucleotides in calves: Effects on oxidative status, immune response, and intestinal mucosa development. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:4393-4409. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
12
|
Pratelli A, Tempesta M, Elia G, Martella V, Decaro N, Buonavoglia C. The knotty biology of canine coronavirus: A worrying model of coronaviruses' danger. Res Vet Sci 2021; 144:190-195. [PMID: 34838321 PMCID: PMC8605815 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Severe clinical diseases associated to αCoronavirus (αCoV) infections were recently demonstrated for the first time in humans and a closely related but distinct canine CoV (CCoV) variant was identified in the nasopharyngeal swabs of children with pneumonia hospitalized in Malaysia, in 2017-2018. The complete genome sequence analysis demonstrated that the isolated strain, CCoV-HuPn-2018, was a novel canine-feline-like recombinant virus with a unique nucleoprotein. The occurrence of three human epidemics/pandemic caused by CoVs in the recent years and the detection of CCoV-HuPn-2018, raises questions about the ability of these viruses to overcome species barriers from their reservoirs jumping to humans. Interestingly, in this perspective, it is interesting to consider the report concerning new CCoV strains with a potential dual recombinant origin through partial S-gene exchange with porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) identified in pups died with acute gastroenteritis in 2009. The significance of the ability of CCoVs to evolve is still unclear, but several questions arisen on the biology of these viruses, focusing important epidemiological outcomes in the field, in terms of both virus evolution and prophylaxis. The new CCoV-Hupn-2018 should lead researchers to pay more attention to the mechanisms of recombination among CoVs, rather than to the onset of variants as a result of mutations, suggesting a continuous monitoring of these viruses and in particular of SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Pratelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy.
| | - Maria Tempesta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - Gabriella Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - Canio Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Decaro N, Grassi A, Lorusso E, Patterson EI, Lorusso A, Desario C, Anderson ER, Vasinioti V, Wastika CE, Hughes GL, Valleriani F, Colitti B, Ricci D, Buonavoglia D, Rosati S, Cavaliere N, Paltrinieri S, Lauzi S, Elia G, Buonavoglia C. Long-term persistence of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in pets. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:3073-3076. [PMID: 34469620 PMCID: PMC8662060 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We monitored the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibody response in seven dogs and two cats by using two multispecies ELISA tests, plaque reduction neutralisation test and virus neutralization. SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralizing antibodies in pets persisted up to 10 months since the first positive testing, thus replicating observations in COVID‐19 human patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Andrea Grassi
- I-VET srl, Laboratorio di Analisi Veterinarie, Flero, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lorusso
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Edward I Patterson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Alessio Lorusso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fabrizia Valleriani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| | - Barbara Colitti
- Ambulatorio Veterinario Ricci Dott.ssa Dominga, Andria, Italy
| | - Dominga Ricci
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Sergio Rosati
- Ambulatorio Veterinario Ricci Dott.ssa Dominga, Andria, Italy
| | - Nicola Cavaliere
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Lauzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Gabriella Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Canio Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kähler K, Zager J, Elia G, Neri D. 1095TiP Daromun, a dermato-oncology drug in development for stage III and IV melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers: A clinical overview. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
|
15
|
Lauzi S, Stranieri A, Giordano A, Lelli D, Elia G, Desario C, Ratti G, Decaro N, Paltrinieri S. Do Dogs and Cats Passively Carry SARS-CoV-2 on Hair and Pads? Viruses 2021; 13:1357. [PMID: 34372563 PMCID: PMC8310179 DOI: 10.3390/v13071357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemiological role of domestic animals in the spread and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to humans has been investigated in recent reports, but some aspects need to be further clarified. To date, only in rare cases have dogs and cats living with COVID-19 patients been found to harbour SARS-CoV-2, with no evidence of pet-to-human transmission. The aim of the present study was to verify whether dogs and cats act as passive mechanical carriers of SARS-CoV-2 when they live in close contact with COVID-19 patients. Cutaneous and interdigital swabs collected from 48 dogs and 15 cats owned by COVID-19 patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by qRT-PCR. The time elapsed between owner swab positivity and sample collection from pets ranged from 1 to 72 days, with a median time of 23 days for dogs and 39 days for cats. All samples tested negative, suggesting that pets do not passively carry SARS-CoV-2 on their hair and pads, and thus they likely do not play an important role in the virus transmission to humans. This data may contribute to confirming that the direct contact with the hair and pads of pets does not represent a route for the transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Lauzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.L.); (A.S.); (G.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Angelica Stranieri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.L.); (A.S.); (G.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Alessia Giordano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.L.); (A.S.); (G.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Davide Lelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia-Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, 25124 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Gabriella Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy; (G.E.); (C.D.); (N.D.)
| | - Costantina Desario
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy; (G.E.); (C.D.); (N.D.)
| | - Gabriele Ratti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.L.); (A.S.); (G.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy; (G.E.); (C.D.); (N.D.)
| | - Saverio Paltrinieri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.L.); (A.S.); (G.R.); (S.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ferri C, Giuggioli D, Raimondo V, Dagna L, Riccieri V, Zanatta E, Guiducci S, Tavoni A, Foti R, Cuomo G, De Angelis R, Cozzi F, Murdaca G, Cavazzana I, Romeo N, Codullo V, Ingegnoli F, Pellegrini R, Varcasia G, Della Rossa A, De Santis M, Abignano G, Colaci M, Caminiti M, L’andolina M, Lubrano E, Spinella A, Lumetti F, De Luca G, Bellando Randone S, Visalli E, Bilia S, Masini F, Pellegrino G, Pigatto E, Generali E, Franceschini F, Pagano Mariano G, Barsotti S, Pettiti G, Zanframundo G, Brittelli R, Aiello V, Scorpiniti D, Ferrari T, Caminiti R, Campochiaro C, Gigliotti P, Cecchetti R, Olivo D, Ursini F, Brusi V, Meliconi R, Caso F, Scarpa R, D’angelo S, Iannone F, Matucci-Cerinic M, Doria A, Miccoli M, Paparo SR, Ragusa F, Elia G, Ferrari SM, Fallahi P, Antonelli A. POS1246 COVID-19 IN ITALIAN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATIC AUTOIMMUNE SYSTEMIC DISEASES: RESULTS OF A NATIONWIDE SURVEY STUDY. Ann Rheum Dis 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.3493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background:SARS-CoV-2 infection poses a serious challenge for patients with rheumatic autoimmune systemic diseases (ASD), characterized by marked immune-system dysregulation and frequent visceral organ involvement.Objectives:To evaluate the impact of Covid-19 pandemic in a large series of Italian patients with ASD.Methods:Our multicenter telephone survey (8-week period, March-April 2020) included a large series of 2,994 patients (584 M, 2,410 F, mean age 58.9±13.4SD years) with ASD followed at 34 tertiary referral centers of 14 regions of northern, central, and southern Italian macro areas, characterized by different prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. According to currently used criteria, Covid-19 was classified as definite Covid-19 (signs or symptoms of Covid-19 confirmed by positive oral/nasopharyngeal swabs at PCR testing) or highly suspected Covid-19 (signs or symptoms highly suggestive of Covid-19, but not confirmed by PCR testing due to limited availability of virological tests in that period). The results were analyzed performing the Odds Ratio by Java-Stat 2-way Contingency Table Analysis.Results:The main findings of the survey study revealed a significantly increased prevalence of Covid-19 in:a.the whole series of ASD patients (definite Covid-19: 22/2994, 0.73%; p=0.0007;definite Covid-19 plus highly suspected Covid-19: 74/2,994, 2.47%; p<0.0001) when compared to Italian general population of Covid-19 infected individuals (349/100000 = 0.34%; data from Italian Superior Institute of Health;https://www.epicentro.iss.it/en/coronavirus/sars-cov-2-national-surveillance-system).b.the subgroup of patients with connective tissue diseases or systemic vasculitis (n = 1,901) compared to the subgroup of inflammatory arthritis (n = 1,093), namely rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis (definite Covid-19: 19/1,901, 0.99%, vs 3/1,093, 0.27%; p=0.036; definite Covid-19 plus highly suspected Covid-19: 69/1,901, 3.6%, vs 5/1,093, 0.45%; p<0.0001)c.the subgroup of patients with pre-existing interstitial lung involvement (n = 526) compared to those without (n = 2,468) (definite Covid-19: 10/526, 1.90%, vs 12/2,468, 0.48%; p=0.0015; definite Covid-19 plus highly suspected Covid-19: 33/526, 6.27%, vs 41/2,468, 1.66%; p<0.0001).Of interest, the prevalence of Covid-19 did not correlate with presence/absence of different comorbidities, mainly diabetes, cardio-vascular and/or renal disorders, as well as of ongoing treatments with biological DMARDs; while patients treated with conventional DMARDs showed a significantly lower prevalence of Covid-19 compared to those without. Covid-19 was more frequently observed in the patients’ populations from northern and central compared to southern Italian macro area with lower diffusion of pandemic. Clinical manifestations of Covid-19, observed in 74 patients, were generally mild or moderate; 4/9 individuals requiring hospital admission died for severe pneumonia.Conclusion:The prevalence of Covid-19 observed in ASD patients during the first wave of pandemic was significantly higher than that observed in Italian general population; moreover, the actual prevalence of Covid-19 might be underestimated due to the high number of mild variants as well as the possible clinical overlapping between these two conditions. Patients with ASD should be invariably regarded as ‘frail patients’ during the pandemic course, considering the risk of worse outcome in the acute phase of Covid-19, as well as the potential long-term effects of viral infection.The statistically significant association of Covid-19 with connective tissue diseases/systemic vasculitis, as well as with pre-existing interstitial lung involvement, suggests the presence of distinct clinico-pathological ASD subsets, characterized by markedly different patients’ vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 infection.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
Collapse
|
17
|
Decaro N, Vaccari G, Lorusso A, Lorusso E, De Sabato L, Patterson EI, Di Bartolo I, Hughes GL, Teodori L, Desario C, Colitti B, Ricci D, Buonavoglia D, Rosati S, Martella V, Cammà C, Agrimi U, Elia G. Possible Human-to-Dog Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, Italy, 2020. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:1981-1984. [PMID: 33979566 PMCID: PMC8237870 DOI: 10.3201/eid2707.204959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We detected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in an otherwise healthy poodle living with 4 family members who had coronavirus disease. We observed antibodies in serum samples taken from the dog, indicating seroconversion. Full-length genome sequencing showed that the canine and human viruses were identical, suggesting human-to-animal transmission.
Collapse
|
18
|
Decaro N, Mari V, Lanave G, Lorusso E, Lucente MS, Desario C, Colaianni ML, Elia G, Ferringo F, Alfano F, Buonavoglia C. Mutation analysis of the spike protein in Italian feline infectious peritonitis virus and feline enteric coronavirus sequences. Res Vet Sci 2021; 135:15-19. [PMID: 33418186 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Feline coronavirus (FCoV) exists as two different genotypes, FCoV type I and II, each including two biotypes, feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) and feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV), the latter being a virulent variant originating from the former virus. Recently, two amino acid substitutions, M1058L and S1060A, within the spike protein have been associated to the FECV/FIPV virulence change. In this study, we have analysed the frequency of detection of such mutations in FIPV and FECV strains circulating in Italian cats and obtained information about their evolutionary relationships with reference isolates. A total of 40 FCoV strains, including 19 strains from effusions or tissue samples of FIP cats and 21 strains from faecal samples of non-FIP cats, were analysed. Mutation M1058L was detected in 16/18 FCoV-I and 1/1 FCoV-II strains associated with FIP, while change S1060A was presented by two FIPV strains. By phylogenetic analysis, FCoV sequences clustered according to the genotype but not according to the biotype, with FECV/FIPV strains recovered from the same animal being closely related. Further studies are needed to better define the genetic signatures associated with the FECV/FIPV virulence shift.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Strada Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy.
| | - V Mari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Strada Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - G Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Strada Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - E Lorusso
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Strada Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - M S Lucente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Strada Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - C Desario
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Strada Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - M L Colaianni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, FG, Italy
| | - G Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Strada Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - F Ferringo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, FG, Italy
| | - F Alfano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute 2, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy
| | - C Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Strada Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Patterson EI, Elia G, Grassi A, Giordano A, Desario C, Medardo M, Smith SL, Anderson ER, Prince T, Patterson GT, Lorusso E, Lucente MS, Lanave G, Lauzi S, Bonfanti U, Stranieri A, Martella V, Solari Basano F, Barrs VR, Radford AD, Agrimi U, Hughes GL, Paltrinieri S, Decaro N. Evidence of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in cats and dogs from households in Italy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6231. [PMID: 33277505 PMCID: PMC7718263 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 emerged from animals and is now easily transmitted between people. Sporadic detection of natural cases in animals alongside successful experimental infections of pets, such as cats, ferrets and dogs, raises questions about the susceptibility of animals under natural conditions of pet ownership. Here, we report a large-scale study to assess SARS-CoV-2 infection in 919 companion animals living in northern Italy, sampled at a time of frequent human infection. No animals tested PCR positive. However, 3.3% of dogs and 5.8% of cats had measurable SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers, with dogs from COVID-19 positive households being significantly more likely to test positive than those from COVID-19 negative households. Understanding risk factors associated with this and their potential to infect other species requires urgent investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E I Patterson
- Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease, Departments of Vector Biology and Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - G Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Strada Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - A Grassi
- I-VET srl, Laboratorio di Analisi Veterinarie, Via Ettore Majorana, 10 - 25020, Flero, BS, Italy
| | - A Giordano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - C Desario
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Strada Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - M Medardo
- La Vallonèa Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, via G. Sirtori 9, 20017, Passirana di Rho, MI, Italy
| | - S L Smith
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - E R Anderson
- Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease, Departments of Vector Biology and Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - T Prince
- NIHR Health Protection Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - G T Patterson
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - E Lorusso
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Strada Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - M S Lucente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Strada Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - G Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Strada Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - S Lauzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - U Bonfanti
- La Vallonèa Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, via G. Sirtori 9, 20017, Passirana di Rho, MI, Italy
| | - A Stranieri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - V Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Strada Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - F Solari Basano
- Arcoblu s.r.l., via Alessandro Milesi 5, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - V R Barrs
- City University's Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, 5/F, Block 1A, To Yuen Building, 31 To Yuen Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - A D Radford
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - U Agrimi
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - G L Hughes
- Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease, Departments of Vector Biology and Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - S Paltrinieri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - N Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Strada Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, BA, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ndiana LA, Lanave G, Desario C, Berjaoui S, Alfano F, Puglia I, Fusco G, Colaianni ML, Vincifori G, Camarda A, Parisi A, Sgroi G, Elia G, Veneziano V, Buonavoglia C, Decaro N. Circulation of diverse protoparvoviruses in wild carnivores, Italy. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:2489-2502. [PMID: 33176056 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protoparvovirus is a monophyletic viral genus that includes the species Carnivore protoparvovirus-1 infecting domestic and wild carnivores. In this paper, the results of an epidemiological survey for Carnivore protoparvovirus-1 in wild carnivores in Italy are reported. Overall, 34 (11.4%) out of 297 tested animals were positive for Carnivore protoparvovirus-1, but the frequency of detection was much higher in intestine (54%) than in spleen samples (2.8%), thus suggesting that the intestine is the best sample to collect from wild animals for parvovirus detection. Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) was detected in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) (2.8%, 7/252) and Eurasian badgers (Meles meles) (10%, 1/10), whilst canine parvovirus (CPV) was found in wolves (54.3%, 19/35), Eurasian badgers (60%, 6/10) and one beech marten (Martes foina) (100%, 1/1), with more than one parvovirus type detected in some animals. Protoparvoviral DNA sequences from this study were found to be related to CPV/FPV strains detected in Asia and Europe, displaying some amino acid changes in the main capsid protein VP2 in comparison with other parvovirus strains from wildlife. In particular, the two most common mutations were Ile418Thr and Ala371Gly, which were observed in 6/12 (50%) and 5/12 (41.7%) of the CPV sequences from this study. Continuous surveillance for parvoviruses in wild carnivores and genetic analysis of the detected strains may help obtain new insight into the role of these animals in the evolution and epidemiology of carnivore parvoviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Ndiana
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Costantina Desario
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Shadia Berjaoui
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise 'G. Caporale', Teramo, Italy
| | - Flora Alfano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Italy
| | - Ilaria Puglia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise 'G. Caporale', Teramo, Italy
| | - Giovanna Fusco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Vincifori
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise 'G. Caporale', Teramo, Italy
| | - Antonio Camarda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Parisi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sgroi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Veneziano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Canio Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Patterson EI, Elia G, Grassi A, Giordano A, Desario C, Medardo M, Smith SL, Anderson ER, Prince T, Patterson GT, Lorusso E, Lucente MS, Lanave G, Lauzi S, Bonfanti U, Stranieri A, Martella V, Basano FS, Barrs VR, Radford AD, Agrimi U, Hughes GL, Paltrinieri S, Decaro N. Evidence of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in cats and dogs from households in Italy. bioRxiv 2020. [PMID: 32743588 DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.21.214346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 originated in animals and is now easily transmitted between people. Sporadic detection of natural cases in animals alongside successful experimental infections of pets, such as cats, ferrets and dogs, raises questions about the susceptibility of animals under natural conditions of pet ownership. Here we report a large-scale study to assess SARS-CoV-2 infection in 817 companion animals living in northern Italy, sampled at a time of frequent human infection. No animals tested PCR positive. However, 3.4% of dogs and 3.9% of cats had measurable SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers, with dogs from COVID-19 positive households being significantly more likely to test positive than those from COVID-19 negative households. Understanding risk factors associated with this and their potential to infect other species requires urgent investigation. One Sentence Summary SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in pets from Italy.
Collapse
|
22
|
Elia G, Caringella F, Lanave G, Martella V, Losurdo M, Tittarelli M, Colitti B, Decaro N, Buonavoglia C. Genetic heterogeneity of bovine hepacivirus in Italy. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:2731-2740. [PMID: 32426936 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Viruses similar to human hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the Hepacivirus genus have been identified in several animal hosts, including cattle. Since its first discovery in Germany, bovine hepacivirus (BovHepV) has been described in several countries globally. However, limited data are available on BovHepV epidemiology and genetic variability. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of BovHepV in Italy. Viral RNA was identified in 37 (0.15%) of 24,820 bovine sera, with titres ranging from 1.09 × 103 to 8.27 × 106 RNA copies/ml. Upon sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the 5'UTR and NS3 genomic portions, the Italian BovHepV strains segregated into at least four distinct subtypes (A, B, C and F) that are also co-circulating globally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | | | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - Michele Losurdo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - Manuela Tittarelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise 'G. Caporale', Teramo, Italy
| | - Barbara Colitti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Torino, Grugliasco (Torino), Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - Canio Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Decaro N, Elia G, Buonavoglia C. Challenge studies for registration of canine core vaccines: is it time to update the European Pharmacopeia? Vet Microbiol 2020; 244:108659. [PMID: 32402341 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Strada Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, BA, Italy.
| | - G Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Strada Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - C Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Strada Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, BA, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lanave G, Dowgier G, Decaro N, Albanese F, Brogi E, Parisi A, Losurdo M, Lavazza A, Martella V, Buonavoglia C, Elia G. Novel Orthopoxvirus and Lethal Disease in Cat, Italy. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 24:1665-1673. [PMID: 30124195 PMCID: PMC6106440 DOI: 10.3201/eid2409.171283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report detection and full-genome characterization of a novel orthopoxvirus (OPXV) responsible for a fatal infection in a cat. The virus induced skin lesions histologically characterized by leukocyte infiltration and eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions. Different PCR approaches were unable to assign the virus to a defined OPXV species. Large amounts of typical brick-shaped virions, morphologically related to OPXV, were observed by electron microscopy. This OPXV strain (Italy_09/17) was isolated on cell cultures and embryonated eggs. Phylogenetic analysis of 9 concatenated genes showed that this virus was distantly related to cowpox virus, more closely related to to ectromelia virus, and belonged to the same cluster of an OPXV recently isolated from captive macaques in Italy. Extensive epidemiologic surveillance in cats and rodents will assess whether cats are incidental hosts and rodents are the main reservoir of the virus. The zoonotic potential of this novel virus also deserves further investigation.
Collapse
|
25
|
Caringella F, Elia G, Decaro N, Martella V, Lanave G, Varello K, Catella C, Diakoudi G, Carelli G, Colaianni ML, Bo S, Buonavoglia C. Feline calicivirus infection in cats with virulent systemic disease, Italy. Res Vet Sci 2019; 124:46-51. [PMID: 30844542 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a contagious viral pathogen that usually causes a mild, self-limiting respiratory disease. More recently, highly virulent FCV strains have emerged and have been associated with severe systemic infection, referred to as virulent systemic disease (VSD). The objective of this study is to report VSD cases in Italian cats along with the molecular characterization of two detected FCV strains. Three client-owned cats showed clinical signs resembling to those described for VSD cases. The cats were subjected to molecular investigations for detection of FCV and other feline pathogens. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry were performed on internal organs of one cat; molecular characterization of two detected FCV strains was obtained through sequence and phylogenetic analyses. Putative VS-FCV strains were detected in all three cats, which were co-infected with feline panleukopenia virus. The cat submitted to histopathology and immunohistochemistry displayed severe histological changes and FCV antigens in internal organs. Two Italian FCV strains, for which amplification of ORF2 was successful, were strictly related and formed a unique phylogenetic cluster. These viruses did not show consistent changes in the amino acid sequences with respect to reference VS-FCVs. The results of our study confirm that VS-FCV strains are circulating in Italy and that VSD diagnosis is complicated since both genetic and clinical markers have not been identified so far.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Caringella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Katia Varello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna, 148, 10154 Torino, TO, Italy
| | - Cristiana Catella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Georgia Diakoudi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Grazia Carelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Loredana Colaianni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Via Manfredonia, 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy
| | - Stefano Bo
- Ambulatorio Veterinario Associato, Via Fratelli Calandra, 3, 10123 Torino, Italy
| | - Canio Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
The importance of the Type-1 helper immune response in the development of Vitiligo (Vit), and of chemokine receptor (CXCR)3 receptor and its chemokine monokine induced by interferon (IFN)-γ(MIG) has been shown by several studies. MIG/ interferon (IFN)-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP10) /CXCR3 axis mediated T-cell recruitment into the skin in Vit is an early event in the progression of the disease. MIG and IP10 circulating levels are increased in progressive Vit. It has been suggested that MIG and CXCR3 could be novel targets of future therapeutical approaches. Other studies have suggested that measuring MIG directly in the skin might be effective in clinical trials as an early marker of treatment response. Further studies are needed to explore the use of new molecules that act as antagonists of CXCR3, or block MIG, in Vit in a clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Elia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
The aim of this narrative review is to highlight the role of CXCL9 in Ulcerative Colitis (UC), in order to understand the mechanism underlying the inflammation in UC and to investigate also if Th1-chemokines could be useful as a marker of disease. It was shown that chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor (CXCR)3 and its ligand chemokine, monokine induced by interferon (IFN)-γ(MIG)/ chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL)9, are highly overexpressed both in the intestinal mucosa of mice with experimental colitis and in patients with UC (specifically, in lymphocytes, macrophages and epithelial cells). In epithelial colonic cells CXCL9 expression is increased by IFN-γ. MIG has an important role in the recruitment of mononuclear cells and granulocytes, so in maintaining the inflammation in UC. Since serum CXCL9 levels are related with UC disease activity, it could be a marker for the responsiveness of patients to treatments. It has been recently suggested that blocking CXCL9 may be a potentially effective therapy for moderately-to-severely active UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Elia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa
| | - G Guglielmi
- Operative Unit of Preventive and Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Elia G. MIG in psoriatic arthritis. Clin Ter 2018; 169:e297-e302. [PMID: 30554252 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2018.2097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Monokine induced by interferon (IFN)-γ (MIG) / chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL)9 is involved in the pathogenesis of psoriatic arthritis (PsA). It was demonstrated that both blood plasma-derived dendritic cells (pDCs) and pDCs isolated from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and PsA synovial fluid (SF), expressed CXC receptor (R) 3 and CXCR4, and that the chemotaxis of blood-derived pDCs is stimulated by MIG, (IFN)-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10)/CXCL10, IFN-inducible T-cell α chemoattractant (I-TAC) )/CXCL11 and stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1)/ CXCL12, present in RA and PsA SF. In PsA patients have been found a Th1 immune predominance at early stage of disease, while a reduction of these chemokines has been observed in long lasting PsA, with a significant increase of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/IP-10 ratio. This suggest a shift from Th1 to the Th2 immune response in long lasting PsA. High levels of MIG has been found in patients with PsA and autoimmune thyroiditis too. This chemokine has been proposed as a useful marker to monitor the activity as well the progression of PsA. Efforts have been made to modulate or prevent the production of MIG in PsA aiming to alter the course of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Elia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fallahi P, Foddis R, Elia G, Ragusa F, Patrizio A, Benvenga S, Cristaudo A, Antonelli A, Ferrari SM. CXCL8 and CXCL11 chemokine secretion in dermal fibroblasts is differentially modulated by vanadium pentoxide. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:1798-1803. [PMID: 29901202 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
An increase in skin rashes or atopic dermatitis has been observed in individuals working with vanadium. However, to the best of our knowledge no in vivo or in vitro studies have evaluated the effect of exposure to vanadium in dermal fibroblasts. Cells viability and proliferation were assessed by WST‑1 assay, cells were treated with increasing concentrations of V2O5 (1, 10 and 100 nM). CXCL8 and CXCL11 concentrations were measured in the supernatants using an ELISA assay. V2O5 was not observed as having a significant effect on dermal fibroblast's viability and proliferation. However, it was revealed that V2O5 was able to induce the secretion of CXCL8 and CXCL11 chemokines into dermal fibroblasts. V2O5 synergistically increased the effect of interferon (IFN)γ on CXCL11 secretion. In addition, V2O5 synergistically increased the effect of the tumor necrosis factor α on CXCL8 secretion and abolished the inhibitory effect of IFNγ. V2O5 induction of CXCL8 and CXCL11 chemokines may lead to the appearance and perpetuation of an inflammatory reaction into the dermal tissue. Further studies are required to evaluate dermal integrity and manifestations in subjects occupationally exposed, or living in polluted areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, I‑56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - R Foddis
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, I‑56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Elia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pisa, I‑56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Ragusa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pisa, I‑56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Patrizio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pisa, I‑56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Benvenga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, I‑98125 Messina, Italy
| | - A Cristaudo
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, I‑56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pisa, I‑56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - S M Ferrari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pisa, I‑56126 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Fallahi P, Foddis R, Elia G, Ragusa F, Patrizio A, Guglielmi G, Frenzilli G, Benvenga S, Cristaudo A, Antonelli A, Ferrari SM. Induction of Th1 chemokine secretion in dermal fibroblasts by vanadium pentoxide. Mol Med Rep 2018. [PMID: 29532885 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vanadium is a soft, silvery‑grey metal with a number of different oxidation states. The most common commercial form of vanadium is vanadium pentoxide (V2O5). All vanadium compounds are considered toxic. An increase in skin rashes has been observed in certain vanadium workers, including the development of atopic dermatitis. However, to the best of our knowledge, no prior in vivo or in vitro studies have evaluated the effect of vanadium exposure in human dermal fibroblasts. The present study evaluated the effect of V2O5 on proliferation and chemokine secretion in dermal fibroblasts. The results revealed that V2O5 had no significant effect on the viability or proliferation of fibroblasts, however it was able to induce the secretion of T‑helper (Th)1 chemokines from dermal fibroblasts, synergistically increasing the effect of important Th1 cytokines, including interferon‑γ and tumor necrosis factor‑α. Through these processes, V2O5 may lead to the induction and perpetuation of an inflammatory reaction in dermal tissue. The induction and perpetuation of inflammation in the dermis and the variety of involved candidate genes may be at the base of V2O5‑induced effects following occupational and environmental exposures. Further studies are necessary to evaluate dermal integrity and manifestations in subjects who are occupationally exposed, or living in polluted areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Fallahi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, I‑56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - R Foddis
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, I‑56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Elia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, I‑56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Ragusa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, I‑56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Patrizio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, I‑56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Guglielmi
- U.O. Medicina Preventiva del Lavoro, Azienda Ospedaliero‑Universitaria Pisana, I‑56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Frenzilli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, I‑56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Benvenga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, I‑98125 Messina, Italy
| | - A Cristaudo
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, I‑56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, I‑56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - S M Ferrari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, I‑56126 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Fallahi P, Foddis R, Elia G, Ragusa F, Patrizio A, Benvenga S, Cristaudo A, Antonelli A, Ferrari SM. Vanadium pentoxide induces the secretion of CXCL9 and CXCL10 chemokines in thyroid cells. Oncol Rep 2018. [PMID: 29517108 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vanadium is a grey metal, existing in different states of oxidation, whose most common form in commercial products is vanadium pentoxide (V2O5). All vanadium compounds have been considered toxic. A carcinogenic role of vanadium on the thyroid has recently been proposed. However no in vivo or in vitro studies have evaluated thyroid disruption in humans and/or animals after exposure to vanadium. In the present study we evaluate the effect of V2O5 on proliferation, and chemokine secretion in normal thyrocytes. Our study demonstrated that V2O5 has no effect on thyroid follicular cell viability or proliferation, but it is able to induce the secretion of T-helper (Th)1 chemokines into the thyroid, synergistically increasing the effect of important Th1 cytokines such as interferon (IFN)γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α. Through this process, V2O5 promotes the induction and perpetuation of an inflammatory reaction in the thyroid. Further studies are necessary to evaluate thyroid function, and nodules, in subjects occupationally exposed, or living in polluted areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Fallahi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - R Foddis
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Elia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Ragusa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Patrizio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Benvenga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy
| | - A Cristaudo
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - S M Ferrari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Fallahi P, Elia G, Foddis R, Cristaudo A, Antonelli A. High risk of brain tumors in military personnel: a case control study. Clin Ter 2017; 168:e376-e379. [PMID: 29209687 DOI: 10.7417/t.2017.2037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Scientific literature suggests a relationship between military occupation and the development of brain tumors, but no italian study has investigated on the impact of this job on the brain cancer morbidity. In this a study information were obtained from patients recruited in the Neurosurgical Department of the University-Hospital of Pisa, Italy, from 1990 to 1999. The study has been conducted as a case-control study. 161, newly diagnosed cases of brain tumors (glioma and meningiomas, histologically confirmed), were recruited, such as 483 controls (with other non tumoral neurologic diseases: trauma, hemorrhagic brain disorders, aneurism, etc), by matching cases and controls (1:3), for age (± 5 years) and gender. Cases and controls were interviewed in the Neurosurgical Department, University-Hospital of Pisa, Italy, and the occupational histories of cases and controls were compared. Cases and controls have showed a statistically significant difference, based on their occupation (military vs. non-military occupation). A statistically significant association was seen between brain tumors and military occupation among evaluated patients (p=0.013). Further studies regarding this population group are needed, to determine the causes for the increased risk of this cancer. Furthermore, a subsequent reevaluation in other patients collected in more recent years will be needed to evaluate the trend of this association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research and of new Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa
| | - G Elia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Foddis
- Department of Translational Research and of new Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa
| | - A Cristaudo
- Department of Translational Research and of new Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa
| | - A Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Nogarol C, Decaro N, Bertolotti L, Colitti B, Iotti B, Petrini S, Lucente MS, Elia G, Perona G, Profiti M, Buonavoglia C, Rosati S. Pestivirus infection in cattle dairy farms: E2 glycoprotein ELISA reveals the presence of bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 in northwestern Italy. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:377. [PMID: 29202756 PMCID: PMC5715619 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1305-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) types 1 and 2 are members of the Pestivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family. This genus also includes the HoBi-like virus, tentatively classified as BVDV type 3. BVDV-1 is widely distributed in Italy despite the extensive use of BVDV-1-based vaccines, while BVDV-2 and HoBi-like Pestivirus have been detected occasionally. Monitoring the occurrence of sporadic or atypical pestiviruses is a useful approach to evaluate the need for additional vaccine strains that can be used in BVDV control programs. Results In this study we developed a multiwell antibody ELISA based on the recombinant E2 protein of the three bovine pestiviruses. We evaluated the assay’s applicability for surveillance purposes using pooled milk samples, each prepared from a maximum of 35 lactating cows and collected from 176 dairy herds. As expected, the majority of the pooled samples reacted to a greater extent against the BVDV-1 E2 antigen. All three milk pools from a single farm reacted to the BVDV-2 antigen, however. Further analysis using spot tests, antigen detection, and sequence analysis of the 5′-UTR region confirmed the presence of five persistently infected calves carrying a BVDV-2a strain. Conclusions This study highlights for the first time that sporadic circulation of BVDV-2 can be predicted by immunoenzymatic methods in the absence of specific vaccination. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-017-1305-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Nogarol
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Bertolotti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Colitti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Bryan Iotti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Petrini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Perona
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Sergio Rosati
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy. .,, Largo Paolo Braccini, 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lorusso E, Mari V, Losurdo M, Lanave G, Trotta A, Dowgier G, Colaianni ML, Zatelli A, Elia G, Buonavoglia D, Decaro N. Discrepancies between feline coronavirus antibody and nucleic acid detection in effusions of cats with suspected feline infectious peritonitis. Res Vet Sci 2017; 125:421-424. [PMID: 29113645 PMCID: PMC7111774 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Intra-vitam diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a challenge for veterinary diagnosticians, since there are no highly specific and sensitive assays currently available. With the aim to contribute to fill this diagnostic gap, a total of 61 effusions from cats with suspected effusive FIP were collected intra-vitam for detection of feline coronavirus (FCoV) antibodies and RNA by means of indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) assay and real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), respectively. In 5 effusions there was no evidence for either FCoV RNA or antibodies, 51 and 52 specimens tested positive by IIF and qRT-PCR, respectively, although antibody titres ≥ 1:1600, which are considered highly suggestive of FIP, were detected only in 37 effusions. Three samples with high antibody levels tested negative by qRT-PCR, whereas 18 qRT-PCR positive effusions contained no or low-titre antibodies. qRT-PCR positive samples with low antibody titres mostly contained low FCoV RNA loads, although the highest antibody titres were detected in effusions with CT values > 30. In conclusion, combining the two methods, i.e., antibody and RNA detection would help improving the intra-vitam diagnosis of effusive FIP. Effusions from cats with suspected FIP were analysed for detection of feline coronavirus (FCoV) antibodies and RNA. Using a cut-off of 1:1600 for FCoV antibodies, only 40/61 samples were in agreement between the two tests. Most effusions with low FCoV loads were found to contain low specific antibody titres. Combining serological and molecular methods results in an increase of the diagnostic efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Lorusso
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, Bari 70010, Italy
| | - Viviana Mari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, Bari 70010, Italy
| | - Michele Losurdo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, Bari 70010, Italy
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, Bari 70010, Italy
| | - Adriana Trotta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, Bari 70010, Italy
| | - Giulia Dowgier
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, Bari 70010, Italy
| | - Maria Loredana Colaianni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy
| | - Andrea Zatelli
- Medical Consultancy Services, 60, Suite 6, G Cali Street, XBX 1424 Ta' Xbiex, Malta
| | - Gabriella Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, Bari 70010, Italy
| | - Domenico Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, Bari 70010, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, Bari 70010, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Elia G, Lanave G, Lorusso E, Parisi A, Trotta A, Buono R, Martella V, Decaro N, Buonavoglia C. Equine hepacivirus persistent infection in a horse with chronic wasting. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 64:1354-1358. [PMID: 28707785 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Equine hepacivirus is the closest homologue of hepatitis C virus. Limited data on the clinical features of this infection are available. We report the identification of a horse with high-titre viremia by equine hepacivirus. Over a 15-month follow-up, the clinical signs and the viremic status persisted, suggesting a chronic evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - G Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - E Lorusso
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - A Parisi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Sezione di Putignano, Putignano, Bari, Italy
| | - A Trotta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - R Buono
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - V Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - N Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - C Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Elia G, Lanave G, Lorusso E, Parisi A, Cavaliere N, Patruno G, Terregino C, Decaro N, Martella V, Buonavoglia C. Identification and genetic characterization of equine hepaciviruses in Italy. Vet Microbiol 2017; 207:239-247. [PMID: 28757030 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Viruses similar to human hepatitis C virus, hepaciviruses, have been identified in various animal species. Equine hepacivirus (EqHV) is the closest relative of human hepaciviruses. Although detected worldwide, information on EqHV epidemiology, genetic diversity and pathogenicity is still limited. In this study we investigated the prevalence and genetic diversity of EqHV in Italian equids. The RNA of EqHV was detected in 91/1932 sera (4.7%) whilst it was not detectable in 134 donkey sera screened by a TaqMan-based quantitative assay. Upon sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of genomic portions located in the NS5B, 5'UTR and NS3 genes, the Italian EqHV strains segregated into two distinct clades that are also co-circulating globally, without apparent geographic restrictions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Elia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Valenzano, Italy.
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lorusso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Antonio Parisi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | - Nicola Cavaliere
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Calogero Terregino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Canio Buonavoglia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) results from several factors like viral hepatitis infection [hepatitis B, or C (25%)] or occupational exposure. T-helper (Th)1 inflammatory cells, characterized by interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-2 secretion, predominate in the liver during chronic HCV infection, and chemokines attracting these cells are particularly important in disease progression. Among C-X-C chemokines, the non-ELR group [as IFN-γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10), monokine induced by IFN-γ (MIG) and IFN-inducible T-cell-alpha chemoattractant (I-TAC)], attracts Th1-cells interacting with chemokine C-X-C receptor (CXCR3). IP-10 has uniquely been shown to have prognostic utility as a marker of treatment outcome. IFN- γ-induced chemokines, as MIG and IP-10, may promote lymphocyte recruitment to HCC playing important roles in cancer immunology. The production of CXC chemokines by HCC cell lines has been shown. It has been identified immune-gene signature that predicts patient survival including the chemokine gene IP-10. Inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor-α, IFN-γ) and Toll-like receptor 3 ligands stimulate intratumoral production of these chemokines which drive T and Natural Killer cells tumor infiltration, leading to enhanced cancer cell death. Furthermore selective recruitment of CXCR3(+) B-cells that bridges proinflammatory IL-17 response and protumorigenic macrophage polarization in HCC has been shown, suggesting that blocking CXCR3(+) B-cell migration or function may help defeat HCC. It has been also shown that the overexpression of IP-10, which induced by liver graft injury, may lead to cisplatin resistance via ATF6/Grp78 ER stress signaling pathway in HCC; IP-10 neutralizing antibody could be a potential adjuvant therapy to sensitize HCC-cisplatin treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Elia
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa
| | - P Fallahi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Lyme disease is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the Borrelia type, that affects about 300,000 people a year in the USA and 65,000 people a year in Europe. Borrelia infection, and Lyme disease, following occupational exposure has been frequently reported in USA, Europe and Asia. The manifestations of Lyme disease include erythema migrans (EM), arthritis, neuroborrelliosis (NB), and others. Cytokines and chemokines primarily orchestrate leukocyte recruitment to the areas of Borrelia infection, and they are critical mediators of immune and inflammatory responses, in particular of the induction of interferon (IFN)-γ and IFN-γ dependent chemokines. In EM high levels of T helper (Th) 1 cells chemoattranctants [monokine induced by IFN-γ (MIG), IFN-γ-induced protein 10 (IP- 10), and IFN-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractant (I-TAC)] have been shown. Synovial tissues and fluids of patients with Lyme Arthritis (LA) (overall with antibiotic-refractory LA) contained exceptionally high levels of Th1 chemoattractants and cytokines, particularly MIG and IFN-γ. In NB concentrations of IP-10 and I-TAC in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were significantly higher, suggesting that IP-10 and I-TAC create a chemokine gradient between the CSF and serum and recruite C-X-C chemokine receptor 3-expressing memory CD4+ T-cells into the CSF of these patients. A positive association between the disseminating capacity of B. burgdorferi and early type I IFN induction has also been shown. These results suggest that IFN-γ dependent chemokines are important biomarkers to monitor the progression and diffusion of the disease in patients with Borrelia infection; further larger studies are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Fallahi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Elia
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Bonatti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection causes dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, or dengue shock syndrome. Interferons (IFNs), and IFN-γ dependent chemokines, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)10/IFN-γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10), CXCL9/MIG and CXCL11/I-TAC, and their common receptor chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor (CXCR)3 are induced by DENV infection; however it has been shown that the latter two could not compensate for the absence of IP-10. This paper reviews studies about DENV and IP-10. Evidences show the importance of IP-10 induction during DENV infection, in macrophages, lymphocytes, hepatic cells, denritic cells, in skin and in the brain. Furthermore it has been shown that chemokines IP-10, I-TAC and their receptor CXCR3 are involved in severity of dengue; in fact, pulmonary effusion or ascites, painful hepatomegaly or aspartate aminotransferase increase, are correlated with IP-10 levels. It has been also demonstrated that IP-10 was more elevated in subjects who subsequently developed dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. It has been also shown that IP-10 has a direct action in control of dengue viral replication. Furthermore IP-10 circulating levels may be used to discriminate dengue fever from other febbrile diseases. This is of particular importance in certain situations, for example to discriminate occupationally acquired dengue, in patients with febbrile disorders coming from endemic countries. These studies suggested that these chemokines can be used as potential biomarkers for differential diagnosis and the disease progression, while others can be used to control dengue viral replication, thus representing a viable targets for drug therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Fallahi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa
| | - G Elia
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Camero M, Buonavoglia D, Lucente MS, Losurdo M, Crescenzo G, Trerotoli P, Casalino E, Martella V, Elia G, Tempesta M. Enhancement of the antiviral activity against caprine herpesvirus type 1 of Acyclovir in association with Mizoribine. Res Vet Sci 2017; 111:120-123. [PMID: 28235707 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Caprine herpesvirus 1 (CpHV-1) infection in goats is responsible for genital lesions resembling the lesions induced by herpesvirus 2 in humans (HHV-2). The immunosuppressive drug Mizoribine (MIZ) is able to increase the antiviral activity of Acyclovir (ACV) against herpesvirus infections, raising interesting perspectives on new combined therapeutic strategies. In this study the anti-CpHV-1 activity in vitro of ACV alone or in combination with MIZ was evaluated. ACV (100μg/ml) displayed an antiviral effect on CpHV-1 replication. This inhibitory effect was higher when ACV (100μg/ml) was used in association with MIZ (20μg/ml). Other combinations of ACV and MIZ in various concentrations were not as effective as ACV 100μg/ml/MIZ 20μg/ml. These findings suggest that the association of ACV and MIZ is potentially useful for treatment of genital infection by herpesviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Camero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Michele Losurdo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Crescenzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Trerotoli
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Casalino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Tempesta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lanave G, Decaro N, Lucente MS, Guercio A, Cavaliere N, Purpari G, Padalino I, Larocca V, Antoci F, Marino PA, Buonavoglia C, Elia G. Circulation of multiple subtypes of bovine viral diarrhoea virus type 1 with no evidence for HoBi-like pestivirus in cattle herds of southern Italy. Infect Genet Evol 2017; 50:1-6. [PMID: 28189886 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Pestiviruses of cattle include bovine viral diarrhoea 1 (BVDV-1) and 2 (BVDV-2) plus an emerging group, named HoBi-like pestivirus. In the present paper, the results of an epidemiological survey for pestiviruses circulating in cattle in southern Italy are presented. Molecular assays carried out on a total of 924 bovine samples detected 74 BVDV strains, including 73 BVDV-1 and 1 BVDV-2 viruses. Phylogenetic analysis carried out on partial 5'UTR and Npro sequences revealed the presence of 6 different subtypes of BVDV-1 and a single BVDV-2c strain. BVDV-1 displayed a high level of genetic heterogeneity, which can have both prophylactic and diagnostic implications. In addition, the detection of BVDV-2c highlights the need for a continuous surveillance for the emergence of new pestivirus strains in cattle farms in southern Italy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - N Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
| | - M S Lucente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - A Guercio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy
| | - N Cavaliere
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | - G Purpari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy
| | - I Padalino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | - V Larocca
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | - F Antoci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy
| | - P A Marino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | - C Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - G Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by Leishmania and spread by the bite of certain types of sandflies. Leishmaniasis affects as many as 12 million people worldwide, with 2 million new cases each year. Leishmania infection, and Leishmaniasis, following occupational exposure has been also reported. Three forms of Leishmaniasis are known: a- Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL); b-Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis; c- Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL). The visceral form of Leishmaniasis has an estimated incidence of 500,000 new cases. Cytokines and chemokines primarily orchestrate leukocyte recruitment to the areas of leishmania infection, and they are critical mediators of immune and inflammatory responses, in particular of the induction of Interferon (IFN)-γ and IFN-γ dependent chemokines. Skin biopsies from patients with CL showed higher expression of interferon-γ-induced protein (IP)-10, in recent lesions than in late lesions. Following L. braziliensis infection, enhanced expression of IP-10 and its receptor, chemokine C-X-C receptor (CXCR) 3, was predominantly detected in CD14(+) monocyte; this may contribute to disease severity by increasing cellular recruitment. It has been shown that IP-10 renders protection against VL, and it is associated with a strong host-protective T helper cell (Th)1 immune response. High clinical scores were positively correlated with IP-10 expression. Furthermore IP-10 is critical for rendering a protective cellular immunity during soluble leishmanial antigen (SLA) pulsed-CpG-ODN stimulated dendritic cells (SLA-CpG-DCs) vaccination that confers protection against L. donovani infection. Further studies are needed to evaluate IP-10 in Leishmaniosis, and to evaluate it as a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Fallahi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa
| | - G Elia
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Bonatti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Some studies reported that chemokine interferon-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) and its receptor chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor (CXCR) 3, which is exhibited by T cells, are expressed in several types of cutaneous damages associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), and that the CXCR3-activating chemokines are produced locally, suggesting their significant role in the recruitment of T cells in these inflammatory lesions. The involvement of IP-10 and CXCR3 has been shown also in several other types of tissue damages associated with SLE, such as glomerulonephritis or central nervous system lupus. Urinary IP-10 is a sensitive and non-invasive diagnostic tool for monitoring lupus nephritis patients, and the response to treatments. Serum levels of IP-10 are increased in SLE patients, showing a strong correlation with disease activity. Levels of IP-10 are also increased in the cerebrospinal fluid samples from neuropsychiatric SLE patients. These data provide increasing evidence that IP-10 may participate in the pathogenesis of a variety of the manifestations of SLE, even if the exact role of IP-10 in the pathogenesis of SLE remains to be clarified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Elia
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Decaro N, Lucente MS, Lanave G, Gargano P, Larocca V, Losurdo M, Ciambrone L, Marino PA, Parisi A, Casalinuovo F, Buonavoglia C, Elia G. Evidence for Circulation of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus Type 2c in Ruminants in Southern Italy. Transbound Emerg Dis 2016; 64:1935-1944. [PMID: 27878974 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recently, bovine viral diarrhoea virus type 2c (BVDV-2c) was responsible for a severe outbreak in cattle in northern Europe. Here, we present the results of an epidemiological survey for pestiviruses in ruminants in southern Italy. Pooled serum samples were obtained from 997 bovine, 800 ovine, 431 caprine and eight bubaline farms, and pestiviral RNA was detected by molecular methods in 44 farms consisting of 16 cattle and one buffalo herds and of 21 sheep and six goat flocks. Twenty-nine and 15 farms were infected by BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 strains, respectively. BVDV-1 strains were recovered mainly from cattle and were heterogeneous, belonging to the subtypes 1b, 1u, 1e, 1g and 1h. In contrast, all BVDV-2 viruses but two were detected in sheep or goats and were characterized as BVDV-2c by sequence analysis of 5'UTR. These strains displayed high genetic identity to BVDV-2c circulating in cattle in northern Europe and were more distantly related to a BVDV-2c isolate recovered from a cattle herd in southern Italy more than 10 years before. The circulation of a BVDV-2c in small ruminants suggests the need for a continuous surveillance for the emergence of pestivirus-induced clinical signs in southern Italian farms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - M S Lucente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - G Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - P Gargano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Catanzaro Lido, Italy
| | - V Larocca
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | - M Losurdo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - L Ciambrone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Catanzaro Lido, Italy
| | - P A Marino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | - A Parisi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | - F Casalinuovo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Catanzaro Lido, Italy
| | - C Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - G Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Decaro N, Lucente MS, Losurdo M, Larocca V, Elia G, Occhiogrosso L, Marino PA, Cirone F, Buonavoglia C. HoBi-Like Pestivirus and Its Impact on Cattle Productivity. Transbound Emerg Dis 2016; 63:469-73. [PMID: 27390140 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The clinical features and economic impact of the infection caused by an emerging group of pestiviruses, namely HoBi-like pestivirus, in a cattle herd of southern Italy are reported. In 2011, the virus was first associated with respiratory disease, causing an abortion storm after 1 year and apparently disappearing for the following 3 years after persistently infected calves were slaughtered. However, in 2014, reproductive failures and acute gastroenteritis were observed in the same herd, leading to a marked decrease of productivity. A HoBi-like strain closely related to that responsible for previous outbreaks was detected in several animals. Application of an intensive eradication programme, based on the detection and slaughtering of HoBi-like pestivirus persistently infected animals, resulted in a marked improvement of the productive performances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - M S Lucente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - M Losurdo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - V Larocca
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | - G Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - L Occhiogrosso
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - P A Marino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | - F Cirone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - C Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Smith K, Sheaff M, Elia G, Clear A, Trevisan G, Foxler D, Bridge K, Shepherd S, Powles T, Sharp T. Loss of LIM-domain proteins LIMD1, Ajuba and WTIP as a novel molecular mechanism for disease aetiology in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Eur J Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)61727-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
47
|
Decaro N, Mari V, Larocca V, Losurdo M, Lanave G, Lucente MS, Corrente M, Catella C, Bo S, Elia G, Torre G, Grandolfo E, Martella V, Buonavoglia C. Molecular surveillance of traditional and emerging pathogens associated with canine infectious respiratory disease. Vet Microbiol 2016; 192:21-25. [PMID: 27527760 PMCID: PMC7131703 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A molecular survey for CIRD agents was conducted during years 2011–2013. Canine parainfluenza virus was the most frequently detected pathogens. The emerging pathogens canine respiratory coronavirus, Mycoplasma cynos and canine pneumovirus were sporadically detected. Most severe forms of respiratory disease were observed in dogs infected with M. cynos alone or in combination with either CRCoV or M. canis. CIRD vaccines should be updated to include emerging pathogens.
A molecular survey for traditional and emerging pathogens associated with canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD) was conducted in Italy between 2011 and 2013 on a total of 138 dogs, including 78 early acute clinically ill CIRD animals, 22 non-clinical but exposed to clinically ill CIRD dogs and 38 CIRD convalescent dogs. The results showed that canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV) was the most commonly detected CIRD pathogen, followed by canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV), Bordetella bronchiseptica, Mycoplasma cynos, Mycoplasma canis and canine pneumovirus (CnPnV). Some classical CIRD agents, such as canine adenoviruses, canine distemper virus and canid herpesvirus 1, were not detected at all, as were not other emerging respiratory viruses (canine influenza virus, canine hepacivirus) and bacteria (Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus). Most severe forms of respiratory disease were observed in the presence of CPIV, CRCoV and M. cynos alone or in combination with other pathogens, whereas single CnPnV or M. canis infections were detected in dogs with no or very mild respiratory signs. Interestingly, only the association of M. cynos (alone or in combination with either CRCoV or M. canis) with severe clinical forms was statistically significant. The study, while confirming CPIV as the main responsible for CIRD occurrence, highlights the increasing role of recently discovered viruses, such as CRCoV and CnPnV, for which effective vaccines are not available in the market.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy.
| | - Viviana Mari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy
| | - Vittorio Larocca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Losurdo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy
| | | | - Marialaura Corrente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy
| | - Cristiana Catella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy
| | | | - Erika Grandolfo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy
| | - Canio Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mari V, Losurdo M, Lucente MS, Lorusso E, Elia G, Martella V, Patruno G, Buonavoglia D, Decaro N. Multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay for bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1, type 2 and HoBi-like pestivirus. J Virol Methods 2015; 229:1-7. [PMID: 26709100 PMCID: PMC7113868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
HoBi-like pestiviruses are emerging pestiviruses that infect cattle causing clinical forms overlapping to those induced by bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) 1 and 2. As a consequence of their widespread distribution reported in recent years, molecular tools for rapid discrimination among pestiviruses infecting cattle are needed. The aim of the present study was to develop a multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay, based on the TaqMan technology, for the rapid and unambiguous characterisation of all bovine pestiviruses, including the emerging HoBi-like strains. The assay was found to be sensitive, specific and repeatable, ensuring detection of as few as 10(0)-10(1) viral RNA copies. No cross-reactions between different pestiviral species were observed even in samples artificially contaminated with more than one pestivirus. Analysis of field samples tested positive for BVDV-1, BVDV-2 or HoBi-like virus by a nested PCR protocol revealed that the developed TaqMan assay had equal or higher sensitivity and was able to discriminate correctly the viral species in all tested samples, whereas a real-time RT-PCR assay previously developed for HoBi-like pestivirus detection showed cross-reactivity with few high-titre BVDV-2 samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Mari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - Michele Losurdo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - Maria Stella Lucente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - Eleonora Lorusso
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - Gabriella Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy; Specialization School in Infectious Diseases of Animals, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy; Specialization School in Infectious Diseases of Animals, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - Giovanni Patruno
- Specialization School in Infectious Diseases of Animals, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - Domenico Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy; Specialization School in Infectious Diseases of Animals, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy; Specialization School in Infectious Diseases of Animals, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Clauser L, Elia G, Candotto V, Gafà R, Galié M. Recidiva di ameloblastoma della mandibola: descrizione di un caso clinico. Dental Cadmos 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0011-8524(15)30106-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
50
|
Bodnar L, Di Martino B, Di Profio F, Melegari I, Lanave G, Lorusso E, Cavalli A, Elia G, Bányai K, Marsilio F, Buonavoglia C, Martella V. Detection and molecular characterization of sapoviruses in dogs. Infect Genet Evol 2015; 38:8-12. [PMID: 26658065 PMCID: PMC7106069 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Caliciviruses are important human and animal pathogens. Novel caliciviruses have been identified recently in dogs, raising questions about their pathogenic role and concerns regarding their zoonotic potential. By screening stool samples of young or juvenile dogs using RT-PCR assays, sapoviruses (SaVs) were found in 7/320 (2.2%) samples of animals with acute gastroenteritis while they were not detected in healthy animals (0/119). The sequence of a nearly 3 kb portion at the 3′ end of the genome, encompassing the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), the capsid region (ORF1) and the ORF2 were determined for three strains. A distinctive genetic feature in canine SaVs was a 4-nucleotide (nt) interval between the ORF1 and ORF2. Two strains (Bari/4076/07/ITA and Bari/253/07/ITA) were very closely related in the RdRp and capsid regions to the strain AN210D/09/USA (90.4–93.9% nt), while strain Bari/5020/07/ITA displayed only 71.0–72.0% nt identity to this group of canine SaVs and 76.0% to strain AN196/09/USA. Overall, these findings indicate that the canine SaVs detected in Italy may represent distinct capsid types, although all currently known SaVs segregate into the novel proposed genogroup, tentatively named as GXIII. Sapoviruses (SaVs), Caliciviridae family, have been recently discovered in dogs. Canine SaVs were detected in 2.2% of diarrheic dogs but not in asymptomatic dogs. The viruses were genetically related to canine SaV prototypes detected in USA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Livia Bodnar
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Barbara Di Martino
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Federica Di Profio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Irene Melegari
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lorusso
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cavalli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Gabriella Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Fulvio Marsilio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Canio Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Italy; Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Puglia and Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|