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Wan DWJ, Goh LSH, Teo MYK, Loh CJL, Yak GHK, Lee JJH, Ravindran N, Abdul Rahman ND, Chiam M, Ong EK, Somasundaram N, Lim YY, Phua GLG, Krishna LKR. Enhancing self-care education amongst medical students: a systematic scoping review. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:37. [PMID: 38191374 PMCID: PMC10773141 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04965-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reports of emotional, existential and moral distress amongst medical students witnessing death and suffering of patients during their clinical postings have raised awareness on the need for better psycho-emotional support during medical school. Furthermore, the stress experienced by medical students stemming from the rigours of their academic curriculum underlines the need for greater awareness on mental health issues and better self-care practices across medical training. With such programmes lacking in most medical schools, we propose a systematic scoping review (SSR) to map and address our research question, "what is known about self-care education interventions amongst medical students?". METHODS We adopted the Systematic Evidence-Based Approach to guide a systematic scoping review (SSR in SEBA) of relevant articles published between 1st January 2000 and 30th June 2023 in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, ERIC, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases. The included articles were independently and concurrently thematically and content analysed, with complementary categories and themes combined using the Jigsaw Approach. The domains created from the Funnelling Process framed the discussion. RESULTS A total of 6128 abstracts were identified, 429 full-text articles evaluated, and 147 articles included. The 6 domains identified were definition, topics, pedagogy, influences, outcomes and assessment. Most interventions were promising, though peer-led mindfulness-based interventions showed most promise in enhancing engagement, positively impacting personal wellbeing, and improving patient care. Overall, however, self-care education was poorly recognized, adopted and integrated into curricula. CONCLUSION Greater dedicated time and conducive practice environments within medical school curricula is required to enhance medical student wellbeing. Host organizations must ensure faculty are appropriately selected to instil the importance of self-care, be trained to assess and personalize self-care interventions and provide longitudinal assessment and support. Further study into assessing self-care capabilities is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Wei Jun Wan
- Division of Palliative and Supportive Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road NUHS Tower Block Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Laura Shih Hui Goh
- Division of Palliative and Supportive Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road NUHS Tower Block Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Mac Yu Kai Teo
- Division of Palliative and Supportive Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road NUHS Tower Block Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Celestine Jia Ling Loh
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital (KKH), 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore, 229899, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Gerald Hng Kai Yak
- Division of Palliative and Supportive Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road NUHS Tower Block Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Joanna Jing Hui Lee
- Division of Palliative and Supportive Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road NUHS Tower Block Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Nila Ravindran
- Division of Palliative and Supportive Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road NUHS Tower Block Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Nur Diana Abdul Rahman
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
| | - Min Chiam
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
| | - Eng Koon Ong
- Division of Palliative and Supportive Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Assisi Hospice, 823 Thomson Road, Singapore, 574627, Singapore
| | - Nagavalli Somasundaram
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
| | - Ying Yin Lim
- Division of Palliative Care, Alexandra Hospital, 378 Alexandra Rd, Singapore, 159964, Singapore
| | - Gillian Li Gek Phua
- Division of Palliative and Supportive Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Lien Centre for Palliative Care, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, 8 College Rd, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Lalit Kumar Radha Krishna
- Division of Palliative and Supportive Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore.
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road NUHS Tower Block Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 30 Hospital Boulevard, Singapore, 168583, Singapore.
- Palliative Care Institute Liverpool, Academic Palliative & End of Life Care Centre, Cancer Research Centre, University of Liverpool, 200 London Road L3 9TA, Liverpool, UK.
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics, National University of Singapore, Blk MD11, 10 Medical Drive, #02-03, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
- PalC, The Palliative Care Centre for Excellence in Research and Education, Singapore, PalC c/o Dover Park Hospice, 10 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308436, Singapore.
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Tang Z, Xiang H, Geng Y, Liao X, Zhang M, Zhang T. Association between screen time and depressive symptoms in a sample of Chinese medical students: Mediator role of empathy. Nurs Health Sci 2023; 25:654-664. [PMID: 37837276 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Medical students are at high risk of psychological subhealth under heavy stress with increasing screen time. This study aimed to explore the association between screen time and depressive symptoms and determine empathy as a mediating factor. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 945 medical students were surveyed, and 924 medical students were ultimately included after standard exclusion criteria. They reported their daily screen time and completed the Chinese version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Student Version (JSE-S) and the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). t tests and analysis of variance showed a significant difference in empathy and depressive symptoms by sex, stage, and screen time. The correlation analysis revealed that both affective and cognitive empathy have inverse associations with depressive symptoms. The mediation model confirmed that cognitive empathy played a positive mediating role between screen time and depressive symptoms, reducing the impact of screen time on depressive symptoms. Our study may add empirical evidence to prevent and intervene in depressive symptoms. These findings call for considering controlling screen time and enhancing cognitive empathy as interventions for medical students' depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Tang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongshu Xiang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiran Geng
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiting Liao
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tianyang Zhang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Purgato M, Prina E, Ceccarelli C, Cadorin C, Abdulmalik JO, Amaddeo F, Arcari L, Churchill R, Jordans MJ, Lund C, Papola D, Uphoff E, van Ginneken N, Tol WA, Barbui C. Primary-level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of well-being in low- and middle-income countries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023; 10:CD014722. [PMID: 37873968 PMCID: PMC10594594 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd014722.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a significant research gap in the field of universal, selective, and indicated prevention interventions for mental health promotion and the prevention of mental disorders. Barriers to closing the research gap include scarcity of skilled human resources, large inequities in resource distribution and utilization, and stigma. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of delivery by primary workers of interventions for the promotion of mental health and universal prevention, and for the selective and indicated prevention of mental disorders or symptoms of mental illness in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). To examine the impact of intervention delivery by primary workers on resource use and costs. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Global Index Medicus, PsycInfo, WHO ICTRP, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to 29 November 2021. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of primary-level and/or community health worker interventions for promoting mental health and/or preventing mental disorders versus any control conditions in adults and children in LMICs. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Standardized mean differences (SMD) or mean differences (MD) were used for continuous outcomes, and risk ratios (RR) for dichotomous data, using a random-effects model. We analyzed data at 0 to 1, 1 to 6, and 7 to 24 months post-intervention. For SMDs, 0.20 to 0.49 represented small, 0.50 to 0.79 moderate, and ≥ 0.80 large clinical effects. We evaluated the risk of bias (RoB) using Cochrane RoB2. MAIN RESULTS Description of studies We identified 113 studies with 32,992 participants (97 RCTs, 19,570 participants in meta-analyses) for inclusion. Nineteen RCTs were conducted in low-income countries, 27 in low-middle-income countries, 2 in middle-income countries, 58 in upper-middle-income countries and 7 in mixed settings. Eighty-three RCTs included adults and 30 RCTs included children. Cadres of primary-level workers employed primary care health workers (38 studies), community workers (71 studies), both (2 studies), and not reported (2 studies). Interventions were universal prevention/promotion in 22 studies, selective in 36, and indicated prevention in 55 RCTs. Risk of bias The most common concerns over risk of bias were performance bias, attrition bias, and reporting bias. Intervention effects 'Probably', 'may', or 'uncertain' indicates 'moderate-', 'low-', or 'very low-'certainty evidence. *Certainty of the evidence (using GRADE) was assessed at 0 to 1 month post-intervention as specified in the review protocol. In the abstract, we did not report results for outcomes for which evidence was missing or very uncertain. Adults Promotion/universal prevention, compared to usual care: - probably slightly reduced anxiety symptoms (MD -0.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.27 to -0.01; 1 trial, 158 participants) - may slightly reduce distress/PTSD symptoms (SMD -0.24, 95% CI -0.41 to -0.08; 4 trials, 722 participants) Selective prevention, compared to usual care: - probably slightly reduced depressive symptoms (SMD -0.69, 95% CI -1.08 to -0.30; 4 trials, 223 participants) Indicated prevention, compared to usual care: - may reduce adverse events (1 trial, 547 participants) - probably slightly reduced functional impairment (SMD -0.12, 95% CI -0.39 to -0.15; 4 trials, 663 participants) Children Promotion/universal prevention, compared to usual care: - may improve the quality of life (SMD -0.25, 95% CI -0.39 to -0.11; 2 trials, 803 participants) - may reduce adverse events (1 trial, 694 participants) - may slightly reduce depressive symptoms (MD -3.04, 95% CI -6 to -0.08; 1 trial, 160 participants) - may slightly reduce anxiety symptoms (MD -2.27, 95% CI -3.13 to -1.41; 1 trial, 183 participants) Selective prevention, compared to usual care: - probably slightly reduced depressive symptoms (SMD 0, 95% CI -0.16 to -0.15; 2 trials, 638 participants) - may slightly reduce anxiety symptoms (MD 4.50, 95% CI -12.05 to 21.05; 1 trial, 28 participants) - probably slightly reduced distress/PTSD symptoms (MD -2.14, 95% CI -3.77 to -0.51; 1 trial, 159 participants) Indicated prevention, compared to usual care: - decreased slightly functional impairment (SMD -0.29, 95% CI -0.47 to -0.10; 2 trials, 448 participants) - decreased slightly depressive symptoms (SMD -0.18, 95% CI -0.32 to -0.04; 4 trials, 771 participants) - may slightly reduce distress/PTSD symptoms (SMD 0.24, 95% CI -1.28 to 1.76; 2 trials, 448 participants). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The evidence indicated that prevention interventions delivered through primary workers - a form of task-shifting - may improve mental health outcomes. Certainty in the evidence was influenced by the risk of bias and by substantial levels of heterogeneity. A supportive network of infrastructure and research would enhance and reinforce this delivery modality across LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Purgato
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Cochrane Global Mental Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Prina
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Caterina Ceccarelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Camilla Cadorin
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Amaddeo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Rachel Churchill
- Cochrane Common Mental Disorders, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK
| | - Mark Jd Jordans
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Crick Lund
- King's Global Health Institute, Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Alan J Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Davide Papola
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Cochrane Global Mental Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Uphoff
- Cochrane Common Mental Disorders, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK
| | - Nadja van Ginneken
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Wietse Anton Tol
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Corrado Barbui
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Cochrane Global Mental Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Xu T, Zhu P, Ji Q, Wang W, Qian M, Shi G. Psychological distress and academic self-efficacy of nursing undergraduates under the normalization of COVID-19: multiple mediating roles of social support and mindfulness. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:348. [PMID: 37198585 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04288-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nursing undergraduates' academic self-efficacy is a significant factor in determining their learning motivation, cognition, and emotions. It has a significant impact on improving academic performance and achieving learning goals. METHODS To explore the mechanism of psychological distress affecting the academic self-efficacy of nursing undergraduates, the generalized anxiety disorder scale-7, patient health questionnaire-9, academic self-efficacy scale, perceived social support scale and mindful attention awareness scale were conducted. RESULTS Model fitness indexes of the structural equation model is good (CMIN/DF = 1.404, RMSEA = 0.042, GFI = 0.977, IFI = 0.977, TLI = 0.954, CFI = 0.975, NFI = 0.923). Structural equation model analysis showed that social support and mindfulness were the mediating variables of psychological distress on academic self-efficacy. Mediating variables accounted for 44% of the total effect value (- 0.3) with a value of - 0.132. Three paths were verified: psychological distress indirectly affected academic self-efficacy through social support (- 0.064); psychological distress indirectly affected academic self-efficacy through mindfulness (- 0.053); psychological distress indirectly affected academic self-efficacy through social support and mindfulness (- 0.015). CONCLUSIONS Social support and mindfulness play significant mediating roles in the effect of psychological distress on academic self-efficacy, and the chain mediating role of social support and mindfulness is also significant. Educators may mitigate the impact of psychological distress on academic self-efficacy by enhancing students' social support and mindfulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- School of Nursing and School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, 136 Jiangyang Middle Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Pingting Zhu
- School of Nursing and School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, 136 Jiangyang Middle Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Qiaoying Ji
- School of Nursing and School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, 136 Jiangyang Middle Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Wen Wang
- School of Nursing and School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, 136 Jiangyang Middle Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Meiyan Qian
- School of Nursing and School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, 136 Jiangyang Middle Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Guanghui Shi
- School of Nursing and School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, 136 Jiangyang Middle Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China
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Wu W, Ma X, Liu Y, Qi Q, Guo Z, Li S, Yu L, Long Q, Chen Y, Teng Z, Li X, Zeng Y. Empathy alleviates the learning burnout of medical college students through enhancing resilience. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:481. [PMID: 35725422 PMCID: PMC9210704 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03554-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The problem of learning burnout of medical students is becoming prominent, and empathy can play a good predictive role in learning burnout. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between empathy and learning burnout, as well as the mediation effect of resilience in this relation. METHODS Five hundred and eighty-eighth college students from a key medical university in Yunnan Province was investigated using the Basic Empathy Scale, Learning Burnout Scale, and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. All the measures showed good reliability and validity in the present study. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and Amos 22.0. RESULTS Using structural equation modeling, we tested a conceptual model indicated that: (1) medical students' empathy negatively and significantly predicted learning burnout; (2) medical students' empathy positively predicts mental resilience; (3) resilience of medical students negatively predicts learning burnout; (4) resilience partially mediated the relationship between empathy and learning burnout of medical students, while also controlling for family socioeconomic status. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the mediating role of resilience in the effect of empathy on learning burnout of medical college students. It may contribute to a better understanding of the effect of empathy. Moreover, it can also provide constructive suggestions for protecting and improve empathy and resilience of medical college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Wu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Yilin Liu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Qiqi Qi
- School of Maxism, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhichao Guo
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Shujun Li
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Lei Yu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Qing Long
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Yatang Chen
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Zhaowei Teng
- The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yong Zeng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
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Geng Y, Fei W, Tang Z, Wang S, Yu J, Zhang M, Zhang T. Parental care and depressive symptoms among Chinese medical students: roles of empathy and gender. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:451. [PMID: 35689260 PMCID: PMC9188078 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03524-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical students in China who face the dual pressure of study and employment tend to experience subclinical depressive symptoms. Parental care plays an important direct and indirect role in the psychological development of medical students, and the extent and mechanism of this role urgently need to be studied and discussed. METHODS After simple random sampling and screening of valid questionnaires, data from a total of 924 people were used. The participants completed the parental bonding instrument, self-rating depression scale, Chinese version of the Jefferson empathy scale-medical student edition and self-rating anxiety scale to evaluate parental care, empathy, depressive symptoms and anxiety. The data were statistically processed using a descriptive analysis, correlation analysis and test of moderated mediation. RESULTS Maternal care had a significant negative predictive effect on depressive symptoms among medical students. Strong maternal care can reduce the occurrence of depressive symptoms in medical students. Empathy played a positive mediating role such that both types of empathy could alleviate the effect of weak maternal care on the depressive symptoms of medical students. However, neither cognitive empathy nor affective empathy played a mediating role in the relationship between paternal care and depressive symptoms. Nevertheless, the relationship between maternal care and empathy was moderated by the medical students' gender. CONCLUSIONS The effect of this relationship on female medical students deserves special attention. The results of this study provide a reference and basis for the adjustment of medical education. This study could also help in the design of effective psychological intervention measures to reduce the degree of depressive symptoms and enhance personal empathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Geng
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Fei
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhengyu Tang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shaishai Wang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiachun Yu
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China.
| | - Tianyang Zhang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Wu W, Qi Q, Cao X, Li S, Guo Z, Yu L, Ma X, Liu Y, Liu Z, You X, Chen Y, Long Q, Teng Z, Zeng Y. Relationship Between Medical Students' Empathy and Occupation Expectation: Mediating Roles of Resilience and Subjective Well-Being. Front Psychol 2021; 12:708342. [PMID: 34646196 PMCID: PMC8503271 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.708342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The occupation expectation of medical students can predict the possibility of their future employment in the medical industry, and empathy is the special ability of medical students in their study and career, which affects the development of their occupation expectation. Objective: To explore the relationship between resilience and subjective well-being between medical students' empathy and occupation expectation and their internal mechanisms. Design: Data were collected from October 2020 to March 2021 using a paper questionnaire survey. Subjective: 586 medical students at a key medical university in Yunnan Province were invited to complete the survey. Main Measures: The Basic Empathy Scale, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Subjective Well-Being Questionnaire, and Occupation Expectation Scale. Key Results: The empathy is intended to affect the occupation expectation of medical students through four paths. The direct path effect value is 0.073 (95% CI: 0.007∼0.217), the indirect path 1 effect value is 0.078 (95% CI: 0.022∼0.134), indirect path 2 effect value is 0.010 (95% CI: 0.005∼0.022), indirect path 3 effect value is 0.022 (95% CI: 0.0604∼0.039), all the confidence intervals do not contain 0, and the mediated effect ratio is 60.109%. Conclusion: Empathy has an impact on occupation expectation of medical students through the sequential mediating effects of resilience and subjective well-being. Medical colleges should fully consider the role of protective factors when cultivating and enhancing the occupation expectation of clinical medical students. Strengthening the intervention of emotional factors (empathy), self-regulating ability (psychological toughness) and cognitive factors (subjective well-being) is an important way to effectively establish professional values, improve occupation expectation of medical students and reduce the turnover rate of medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Wu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Qiqi Qi
- School of Maxism, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xin Cao
- School of Maxism, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shujun Li
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Zhichao Guo
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Lei Yu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Yilin Liu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Zijun Liu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Xu You
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Yatang Chen
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Qing Long
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Zhaowei Teng
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
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