1
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Zhang P, Lu Y, Li Y, Wang K, An H, Tan Y. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis in schizophrenia with tardive dyskinesia: a preliminary study. Genes Genomics 2023; 45:1317-1328. [PMID: 37414911 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-023-01414-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tardive dyskinesia (TD) develops in 20-30% of schizophrenia patients and up to 50% in patients > 50 years old. DNA methylation may play an important role in the development of TD. OBJECTIVE DNA methylation analyses in schizophrenia with TD. METHODS We conducted a genome-wide DNA methylation analysis in schizophrenia with TD using methylated DNA immunoprecipitation coupled with next-generation sequencing (MeDIP-Seq) in a Chinese sample including five schizophrenia patients with TD and five without TD (NTD), and five healthy controls. The results were expressed as the log2FC, fold change of normalized tags between two groups within the differentially methylated region (DMR). For validation, the pyrosequencing was used to quantify DNA methylation levels of several methylated genes in an independent sample (n = 30). RESULTS Through genome-wide MeDIP-Seq analysis, we identified 116 genes that were significantly differentially methylated in promotor regions in comparison of TD group with NTD group including 66 hypermethylated genes (top 4 genes are GABRR1, VANGL2, ZNF534, and ZNF746) and 50 hypomethylated genes (top 4 genes are DERL3, GSTA4, KNCN, and LRRK1). Part of these genes (such as DERL3, DLGAP2, GABRR1, KLRG2, LRRK1, VANGL2, and ZP3) were previously reported to be associated with methylation in schizophrenia. Gene Ontology enrichment and KEGG pathway analyses identified several pathways. So far, we have confirmed the methylation of 3 genes (ARMC6, WDR75, and ZP3) in schizophrenia with TD using pyrosequencing. CONCLUSIONS This study identified number of methylated genes and pathways for TD and will provide potential biomarkers for TD and serve as a resource for replication in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Yongke Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Yanli Li
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Kesheng Wang
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Office 6419, Post Office Box 9600, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
| | - Huimei An
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Yunlong Tan
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, 100096, China.
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2
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Zhang P, Li Y, Wang K, Huang J, Su BB, Xu C, Wang Z, Tan S, Yang F, Tan Y. Altered DNA methylation of CYP2E1 gene in schizophrenia patients with tardive dyskinesia. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:253. [PMID: 36494682 PMCID: PMC9733323 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01404-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 20-30% of patients with schizophrenia develop tardive dyskinesia (TD). Oxidative stress is one potential causes of TD. CYP2E1 is considered as an oxidative stress-related gene, however, no study has been reported on the DNA methylation levels of the CYP2E1 in schizophrenia or TD. METHODS A total of 35 schizophrenia patients with TD, 35 schizophrenia patients without TD (NTD), and 35 health controls (HCs) were collected in Beijing, China. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples. The promoter methylation levels of CYP2E1 were detected using pyrosequencing. The generalized linear model (GLM) was used to examine the methylation levels of three CpG sites among three diagnostic groups (TD vs. NTD vs. HC). RESULTS The average methylation levels were 8.8 ± 10.0, 14.5 ± 11.9 and 15.1 ± 11.3 in TD, NTD and HC groups, respectively. The F-test in GLM revealed overall differences in the average of methylation levels of three CpG sites among three diagnostic groups (p = 0.0227) and in the third CpG site (p = 0.0026). Furthermore, the TD group had lower average methylation levels than HC and NTD groups (p = 0.0115 and 0.0268, respectively). Specifically, TD group showed lower methylation levels in the third CpG site than HC and NTD groups (p = 0.0012 and 0.0072, respectively). Additionally, associations of the methylation levels with clinical features in the TD group were observed using Spearman correlation analysis. CONCLUSION This study provides the first evidence of DNA methylation levels in the promoter of CYP2E1 gene associated with schizophrenia and TD. The abnormal DNA methylation might serve as a potential mechanism for TD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, 100096 China
| | - Yanli Li
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, 100096 China
| | - Kesheng Wang
- grid.268154.c0000 0001 2156 6140Department of Family and Community Health, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, School of Nursing, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
| | - Junchao Huang
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, 100096 China
| | - Brenda Bin Su
- grid.449717.80000 0004 5374 269XDepartment of Health and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Affairs, University of Texas Rio Grande Valle, Brownsville, TX USA
| | - Chun Xu
- grid.449717.80000 0004 5374 269XDepartment of Health and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Affairs, University of Texas Rio Grande Valle, Brownsville, TX USA
| | - Zhiren Wang
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, 100096 China
| | - Shuping Tan
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, 100096 China
| | - Fude Yang
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, 100096 China
| | - Yunlong Tan
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, 100096 China
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3
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Maudsley S, Walter D, Schrauwen C, Van Loon N, Harputluoğlu İ, Lenaerts J, McDonald P. Intersection of the Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptor, GPR19, with the Aging Process. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113598. [PMID: 36362387 PMCID: PMC9653598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent one of the most functionally diverse classes of transmembrane proteins. GPCRs and their associated signaling systems have been linked to nearly every physiological process. They also constitute nearly 40% of the current pharmacopeia as direct targets of remedial therapies. Hence, their place as a functional nexus in the interface between physiological and pathophysiological processes suggests that GPCRs may play a central role in the generation of nearly all types of human disease. Perhaps one mechanism through which GPCRs can mediate this pivotal function is through the control of the molecular aging process. It is now appreciated that, indeed, many human disorders/diseases are induced by GPCR signaling processes linked to pathological aging. Here we discuss one such novel member of the GPCR family, GPR19, that may represent an important new target for novel remedial strategies for the aging process. The molecular signaling pathways (metabolic control, circadian rhythm regulation and stress responsiveness) associated with this recently characterized receptor suggest an important role in aging-related disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Maudsley
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
- Correspondence:
| | - Deborah Walter
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Claudia Schrauwen
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Nore Van Loon
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - İrem Harputluoğlu
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Julia Lenaerts
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
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4
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The Relaxin-3 Receptor, RXFP3, Is a Modulator of Aging-Related Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084387. [PMID: 35457203 PMCID: PMC9027355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During the aging process our body becomes less well equipped to deal with cellular stress, resulting in an increase in unrepaired damage. This causes varying degrees of impaired functionality and an increased risk of mortality. One of the most effective anti-aging strategies involves interventions that combine simultaneous glucometabolic support with augmented DNA damage protection/repair. Thus, it seems prudent to develop therapeutic strategies that target this combinatorial approach. Studies have shown that the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) GTPase activating protein GIT2 (GIT2) acts as a keystone protein in the aging process. GIT2 can control both DNA repair and glucose metabolism. Through in vivo co-regulation analyses it was found that GIT2 forms a close coexpression-based relationship with the relaxin-3 receptor (RXFP3). Cellular RXFP3 expression is directly affected by DNA damage and oxidative stress. Overexpression or stimulation of this receptor, by its endogenous ligand relaxin 3 (RLN3), can regulate the DNA damage response and repair processes. Interestingly, RLN3 is an insulin-like peptide and has been shown to control multiple disease processes linked to aging mechanisms, e.g., anxiety, depression, memory dysfunction, appetite, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. Here we discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the various roles of RXFP3/RLN3 signaling in aging and age-related disorders.
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5
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Francisco RD, Fernando V, Norma E, Madai ME, Marcelo B. Glial changes in schizophrenia: Genetic and epigenetic approach. Indian J Psychiatry 2022; 64:3-12. [PMID: 35400734 PMCID: PMC8992743 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_104_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe mental illness that affects one percent of the population, affecting how people think, feel, and behave. Evidence suggests glial cell alteration and some researchers have found genetic risk loci and epigenetic marks that may regulate glia-related genes implicated in SCZ. AIM The aim of this study is to identify genetic and epigenetic changes that have been reported in glial cells or glial-associated genes in SCZ. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched the articles from PubMed, PubMed Central, Medline, Medscape, and Embase databases up to December 2020 to identify relevant peer-reviewed articles in English. The titles and abstracts were screened to eliminate irrelevant citations. RESULTS Twenty-four original articles were included in the review. Studies were categorized into the following four thematic via: (1) oligodendrocytes, (2) microglia, (3) astrocytes, and (4) perspectives. CONCLUSION This study is the first of its kind to review research on genetic variants and epigenetic modifications associated with glia-related genes implicated in SCZ. Epigenetic evidence is considerably less than genetic evidence in this field. Understanding the pathways of some risk genes and their genetic and epigenetic regulation allows us to understand and find potential targets for future interventions in this mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramos Daniel Francisco
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Juarez University of the State of Durango, Durango, Mexico
| | - Vazquez Fernando
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Juarez University of the State of Durango, Durango, Mexico.,Research Unit, General Hospital 450, Durango, Mexico
| | - Estrada Norma
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Juarez University of the State of Durango, Durango, Mexico
| | - Méndez Edna Madai
- Scientific Research Institute, Juarez University of the State of Durango, Durango, Mexico
| | - Barraza Marcelo
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Juarez University of the State of Durango, Durango, Mexico
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6
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Yan Z, Rein B. Mechanisms of synaptic transmission dysregulation in the prefrontal cortex: pathophysiological implications. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:445-465. [PMID: 33875802 PMCID: PMC8523584 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01092-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) serves as the chief executive officer of the brain, controlling the highest level cognitive and emotional processes. Its local circuits among glutamatergic principal neurons and GABAergic interneurons, as well as its long-range connections with other brain regions, have been functionally linked to specific behaviors, ranging from working memory to reward seeking. The efficacy of synaptic signaling in the PFC network is profundedly influenced by monoaminergic inputs via the activation of dopamine, adrenergic, or serotonin receptors. Stress hormones and neuropeptides also exert complex effects on the synaptic structure and function of PFC neurons. Dysregulation of PFC synaptic transmission is strongly linked to social deficits, affective disturbance, and memory loss in brain disorders, including autism, schizophrenia, depression, and Alzheimer's disease. Critical neural circuits, biological pathways, and molecular players that go awry in these mental illnesses have been revealed by integrated electrophysiological, optogenetic, biochemical, and transcriptomic studies of PFC. Novel epigenetic mechanism-based strategies are proposed as potential avenues of therapeutic intervention for PFC-involved diseases. This review provides an overview of PFC network organization and synaptic modulation, as well as the mechanisms linking PFC dysfunction to the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative diseases. Insights from the preclinical studies offer the potential for discovering new medical treatments for human patients with these brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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7
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Mutations in DISC1 alter IP 3R and voltage-gated Ca 2+ channel functioning, implications for major mental illness. Neuronal Signal 2021; 5:NS20180122. [PMID: 34956649 PMCID: PMC8663806 DOI: 10.1042/ns20180122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) participates in a wide variety of
developmental processes of central neurons. It also serves critical roles that
underlie cognitive functioning in adult central neurons. Here we summarize
DISC1’s general properties and discuss its use as a model system for
understanding major mental illnesses (MMIs). We then discuss the cellular
actions of DISC1 that involve or regulate Ca2+ signaling in adult
central neurons. In particular, we focus on the tethering role DISC1 plays in
transporting RNA particles containing Ca2+ channel subunit RNAs,
including IP3R1, CACNA1C and CACNA2D1, and in transporting mitochondria into
dendritic and axonal processes. We also review DISC1’s role in modulating
IP3R1 activity within mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM).
Finally, we discuss DISC1-glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β)
signaling that regulates functional expression of voltage-gated Ca2+
channels (VGCCs) at central synapses. In each case, DISC1 regulates the movement
of molecules that impact Ca2+ signaling in neurons.
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8
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Abdolmaleky HM, Zhou JR, Thiagalingam S. Cataloging recent advances in epigenetic alterations in major mental disorders and autism. Epigenomics 2021; 13:1231-1245. [PMID: 34318684 PMCID: PMC8738978 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2021-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last two decades, diverse epigenetic modifications including DNA methylation, histone modifications, RNA editing and miRNA dysregulation have been associated with psychiatric disorders. A few years ago, in a review we outlined the most common epigenetic alterations in major psychiatric disorders (e.g., aberrant DNA methylation of DTNBP1, HTR2A, RELN, MB-COMT and PPP3CC, and increased expression of miR-34a and miR-181b). Recent follow-up studies have uncovered other DNA methylation aberrations affecting several genes in mental disorders, in addition to dysregulation of many miRNAs. Here, we provide an update on new epigenetic findings and highlight potential origin of the diversity and inconsistencies, focusing on drug effects, tissue/cell specificity of epigenetic landscape and discuss shortcomings of the current diagnostic criteria in mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Mostafavi Abdolmaleky
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, 02118 MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Nutrition/Metabolism Laboratory, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02215 MA, USA
| | - Jin-Rong Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Nutrition/Metabolism Laboratory, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02215 MA, USA
| | - Sam Thiagalingam
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, 02118 MA, USA
- Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, 02118 MA, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, 02218 MA, USA
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9
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Chen Q, Li D, Jin W, Shi Y, Li Z, Ma P, Sun J, Chen S, Li P, Lin P. Research Progress on the Correlation Between Epigenetics and Schizophrenia. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:688727. [PMID: 34366776 PMCID: PMC8334178 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.688727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose of the Review Nowadays, the incidence of schizophrenia is noticeably increased. If left undiagnosed and untreated, it will lead to impaired social functions, repeated hospital admissions, decline in quality of life and life expectancy. However, the diagnosis of schizophrenia is complicated and challenging. Both genetic and environmental factors are considered as important contributors to the development and progression of this disorder. The environmental factors have been linked to changes in gene expression through epigenetic modulations, which have raised more and more research interests in recent years. This review article is to summarize the current findings and understanding of epigenetic modulation associated with pathogenesis of schizophrenia, aiming to provide useful information for further research in developing biomarkers for schizophrenia. Recent Findings Three major types of epigenetic modulations have been described in this article. Firstly, both DNA hypermethylation and hypomethylated have been associated with schizophrenia via analyzing post-mortem brain tissues and peripheral blood of patients. Specific changes of non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs and long-chain non-coding RNAs, have been observed in central and peripheral samples of schizophrenia patients, indicating their significant diagnostic value for the disease, and may also potentially predict treatment response. The correlation between histone modification and schizophrenia, however, is largely unclear. Summary Epigenetic modulations, including DNA methylation, ncRNA transcriptional regulation and histone modification, play an important role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Therefore, tests of these epigenetic alterations may be utilized to assist in the diagnosis and determination of strategies of individualized treatment in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weifeng Jin
- Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Shi
- Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peijun Ma
- Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Sun
- Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuzi Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Lin
- Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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10
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Ciobanu AM, Geza L, David IG, Popa DE, Buleandra M, Ciucu AA, Dehelean L. Actualities in immunological markers and electrochemical sensors for determination of dopamine and its metabolites in psychotic disorders (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:888. [PMID: 34194566 PMCID: PMC8237259 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychotic disorders represent a serious health concern. At this moment, anamnestic data, international criteria for diagnosis/classification from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 and the International Classification of Diseases-10 and diagnostic scales are used to establish a diagnosis. The most commonly used biomarkers in psychotic illnesses are those regarding the neuroimmune system, metabolic abnormalities, neurotrophins and neurotransmitter systems and proteomics. A current issue faced by clinicians is the lack of biomarkers to help develop a more accurate diagnosis, with the possibility of initiating the most effective treatment. The detection of biological markers for psychosis has the potential to contribute to improvements in its diagnosis, prognosis and treatment effectiveness. The mixture of multiple biomarkers may improve the ability to differentiate and classify these patients. In this sense, the aim of this study was to analyze the literature concerning the potential biomarkers that could be used in medical practice and to review the newest developments in electrochemical sensors used for dopamine detection, one of the most important exploited biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Magdalena Ciobanu
- Department of Psychiatry, 'Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia' Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, 041914 Bucharest, Romania.,Discipline of Psychiatry, Neurosciences Department, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luana Geza
- Department of Psychiatry, 'Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia' Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, 041914 Bucharest, Romania.,Discipline of Psychiatry, Neurosciences Department, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iulia Gabriela David
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dana Elena Popa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Buleandra
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anton Alexandru Ciucu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liana Dehelean
- Department of Neurosciences-Psychiatry, Centre for Cognitive Research in Neuropsychiatric Pathology, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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11
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Loureiro CM, Fachim HA, Corsi-Zuelli F, Shuhama R, Menezes PR, Dalton CF, Del-Ben CM, Reynolds GP, Louzada-Junior P. The relationship of childhood trauma and DNA methylation of NMDA receptor genes in first-episode schizophrenia. Epigenomics 2021; 13:927-937. [PMID: 33942662 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We investigated GRIN1, GRIN2A, GRIN2B and LINE-1 DNA methylation in first-episode schizophrenia patients, their nonaffected siblings and age- and sex-matched controls testing for associations between DNA methylation and exposition to childhood trauma. Materials & methods: The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire evaluated the history of childhood trauma. Genomic DNA was bisulfite converted and pyrosequencing was employed to quantify DNA methylation. Results: GRIN2A, GRIN2B and LINE-1 DNA methylation was not associated with childhood trauma in patients, siblings and controls. Siblings with childhood trauma had hypermethylation at CpG1 of GRIN1 compared with siblings without trauma. Conclusion: Childhood trauma may influence GRIN1 methylation in subjects with liability to psychosis, but not in frank schizophrenia or controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila M Loureiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14049 9002, Brazil.,Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S1 1WB3, UK.,Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14049 9004, Brazil.,Population Mental Health Center - NAP-SaMP, University of São Paulo, 01246 9035, Brazil
| | - Helene A Fachim
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Salford, M6 8HD6, UK
| | - Fabiana Corsi-Zuelli
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14049 9004, Brazil.,Department of Neurosciences & Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14049 9007, Brazil
| | - Rosana Shuhama
- Population Mental Health Center - NAP-SaMP, University of São Paulo, 01246 9035, Brazil.,Department of Neurosciences & Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14049 9007, Brazil
| | - Paulo R Menezes
- Population Mental Health Center - NAP-SaMP, University of São Paulo, 01246 9035, Brazil.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 01246 9035, Brazil
| | - Caroline F Dalton
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S1 1WB3, UK
| | - Cristina M Del-Ben
- Population Mental Health Center - NAP-SaMP, University of São Paulo, 01246 9035, Brazil.,Department of Neurosciences & Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14049 9007, Brazil
| | - Gavin P Reynolds
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S1 1WB3, UK
| | - Paulo Louzada-Junior
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14049 9002, Brazil.,Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14049 9004, Brazil
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12
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van Gastel J, Leysen H, Boddaert J, Vangenechten L, Luttrell LM, Martin B, Maudsley S. Aging-related modifications to G protein-coupled receptor signaling diversity. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 223:107793. [PMID: 33316288 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a highly complex molecular process, affecting nearly all tissue systems in humans and is the highest risk factor in developing neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The intense complexity of the aging process creates an incentive to develop more specific drugs that attenuate or even reverse some of the features of premature aging. As our current pharmacopeia is dominated by therapeutics that target members of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily it may be prudent to search for effective anti-aging therapeutics in this fertile domain. Since the first demonstration of GPCR-based β-arrestin signaling, it has become clear that an enhanced appreciation of GPCR signaling diversity may facilitate the creation of therapeutics with selective signaling activities. Such 'biased' ligand signaling profiles can be effectively investigated using both standard molecular biological techniques as well as high-dimensionality data analyses. Through a more nuanced appreciation of the quantitative nature across the multiple dimensions of signaling bias that drugs possess, researchers may be able to further refine the efficacy of GPCR modulators to impact the complex aberrations that constitute the aging process. Identifying novel effector profiles could expand the effective pharmacopeia and assist in the design of precision medicines. This review discusses potential non-G protein effectors, and specifically their potential therapeutic suitability in aging and age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaana van Gastel
- Receptor Biology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hanne Leysen
- Receptor Biology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jan Boddaert
- Molecular Pathology Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Laura Vangenechten
- Receptor Biology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Louis M Luttrell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Medical Genetics, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Bronwen Martin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Receptor Biology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Forero DA, González-Giraldo Y. Integrative In Silico Analysis of Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Profiles in Schizophrenia. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:1887-1893. [PMID: 32451840 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01585-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a complex and severe psychiatric disorder, which has a global lifetime prevalence of 0.4% and a heritability of around 0.81. A number of epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) have been carried out for SZ, with discordant results. The main aim of this study was to carry out an integrative in silico analysis of available genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in schizophrenia. In this work, an integration of multiple lines of evidence (top candidate genes from several EWAS and genome-wide expression and association data) was carried out, in order to identify top differentially methylated (DM) genes for SZ. In addition, functional enrichment and protein-protein interaction analyses were carried out. Several top differentially methylated genes, such as APC, CACNB2, and PRKN, were found, and an enrichment of binding sites for brain-expressed transcription factors, such as FOXO1, MYB, and ZIC3, was also observed. Moreover, a protein-protein interaction network showed a central role for DISC1 and ZNF688 genes, and experimentally validated targets of MIR-137, such as and KCNB2, NRXN1, and SYN2, were identified among DM genes. This is the first integrative in silico analysis of available genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in schizophrenia. This work identified novel candidate genes and pathways for SZ and provides the basis to explore their role in the pathogenesis of SZ in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Forero
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Yeimy González-Giraldo
- Center for Psychosocial Studies for Latin America and the Caribbean, School of Psychosocial Therapies, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
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Li Y, Wang K, Zhang P, Huang J, Liu Y, Wang Z, Lu Y, Tan S, Yang F, Tan Y. Pyrosequencing analysis of IRS1 methylation levels in schizophrenia with tardive dyskinesia. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:1702-1708. [PMID: 32319643 PMCID: PMC7057828 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.10984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a serious side effect of certain antipsychotic medications that are used to treat schizophrenia (SCZ) and other mental illnesses. The methylation status of the insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) gene is reportedly associated with SCZ; however, no study, to the best of the authors' knowledge, has focused on the quantitative DNA methylation levels of the IRS1 gene using pyrosequencing in SCZ with or without TD. The present study aimed to quantify DNA methylation levels of 4 CpG sites in the IRS1 gene using a Chinese sample including SCZ patients with TD and without TD (NTD) and healthy controls (HCs). The general linear model (GLM) was used to detect DNA methylation levels among the 3 proposed groups (TD vs. NTD vs. HC). Mean DNA methylation levels of 4 CpG sites demonstrated normal distribution. Pearson's correlation analysis did not reveal any significant correlations between the DNA methylation levels of the 4 CpG sites and the severity of SCZ. GLM revealed significant differences between the 3 groups for CpG site 1 and the average of the 4 CpG sites (P=0.0001 and P=0.0126, respectively). Furthermore, the TD, NTD and TD + NTD groups demonstrated lower methylation levels in CpG site 1 (P=0.0003, P<0.0001 and P<0.0001, respectively) and the average of 4 CpG sites (P=0.0176, P=0.0063 and P=0.003, respectively) compared with the HC group. The results revealed that both NTD and TD patients had significantly decreased DNA methylation levels compared with healthy controls, which indicated a significant association between the DNA methylation levels of the IRS1 gene with SCZ and TD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Li
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing 100096, P.R. China
| | - Kesheng Wang
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Ping Zhang
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing 100096, P.R. China
| | - Junchao Huang
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing 100096, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Zhiren Wang
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing 100096, P.R. China
| | - Yongke Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Shuping Tan
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing 100096, P.R. China
| | - Fude Yang
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing 100096, P.R. China
| | - Yunlong Tan
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing 100096, P.R. China
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Pisanu C, Merkouri Papadima E, Melis C, Congiu D, Loizedda A, Orrù N, Calza S, Orrù S, Carcassi C, Severino G, Ardau R, Chillotti C, Del Zompo M, Squassina A. Whole Genome Expression Analyses of miRNAs and mRNAs Suggest the Involvement of miR-320a and miR-155-3p and their Targeted Genes in Lithium Response in Bipolar Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20236040. [PMID: 31801218 PMCID: PMC6928759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithium is the mainstay in the maintenance of bipolar disorder (BD) and the most efficacious pharmacological treatment in suicide prevention. Nevertheless, its use is hampered by a high interindividual variability and important side effects. Genetic and epigenetic factors have been suggested to modulate lithium response, but findings so far have not allowed identifying molecular targets with predictive value. In this study we used next generation sequencing to measure genome-wide miRNA expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines from BD patients excellent responders (ER, n = 12) and non-responders (NR, n = 12) to lithium. These data were integrated with microarray genome-wide expression data to identify pairs of miRNA/mRNA inversely and significantly correlated. Significant pairs were prioritized based on strength of association and in-silico miRNA target prediction analyses to select candidates for validation with qRT-PCR. Thirty-one miRNAs were differentially expressed in ER vs. NR and inversely correlated with 418 genes differentially expressed between the two groups. A total of 331 of these correlations were also predicted by in-silico algorithms. miR-320a and miR-155-3p, as well as three of their targeted genes (CAPNS1 (Calpain Small Subunit 1) and RGS16 (Regulator of G Protein Signaling 16) for miR-320, SP4 (Sp4 Transcription Factor) for miR-155-3p) were validated. These miRNAs and mRNAs were previously implicated in psychiatric disorders (miR-320a and SP4), key processes of the central nervous system (CAPNS1, RGS16, SP4) or pathways involved in mental illnesses (miR-155-3p). Using an integrated approach, we identified miRNAs and their targeted genes potentially involved in lithium response in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pisanu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (C.P.); (E.M.P.); (C.M.); (D.C.); (G.S.); (M.D.Z.)
| | - Eleni Merkouri Papadima
- Department of Biomedical Science, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (C.P.); (E.M.P.); (C.M.); (D.C.); (G.S.); (M.D.Z.)
| | - Carla Melis
- Department of Biomedical Science, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (C.P.); (E.M.P.); (C.M.); (D.C.); (G.S.); (M.D.Z.)
| | - Donatella Congiu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (C.P.); (E.M.P.); (C.M.); (D.C.); (G.S.); (M.D.Z.)
| | - Annalisa Loizedda
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (I.R.G.B.), Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Nicola Orrù
- Medical Genetics, R. Binaghi Hospital, ASSL Cagliari, ATS Sardegna, 09021 Cagliari, Italy; (N.O.); (S.O.); (C.C.)
| | - Stefano Calza
- Unit of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy;
- Big & Open Data Innovation Laboratory, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Sandro Orrù
- Medical Genetics, R. Binaghi Hospital, ASSL Cagliari, ATS Sardegna, 09021 Cagliari, Italy; (N.O.); (S.O.); (C.C.)
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Carlo Carcassi
- Medical Genetics, R. Binaghi Hospital, ASSL Cagliari, ATS Sardegna, 09021 Cagliari, Italy; (N.O.); (S.O.); (C.C.)
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Severino
- Department of Biomedical Science, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (C.P.); (E.M.P.); (C.M.); (D.C.); (G.S.); (M.D.Z.)
| | - Raffaella Ardau
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology of the University Hospital of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (R.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Caterina Chillotti
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology of the University Hospital of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (R.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Maria Del Zompo
- Department of Biomedical Science, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (C.P.); (E.M.P.); (C.M.); (D.C.); (G.S.); (M.D.Z.)
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology of the University Hospital of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (R.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Alessio Squassina
- Department of Biomedical Science, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (C.P.); (E.M.P.); (C.M.); (D.C.); (G.S.); (M.D.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-070-675-4323
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Moghadam BT, Etemadikhah M, Rajkowska G, Stockmeier C, Grabherr M, Komorowski J, Feuk L, Carlström EL. Analyzing DNA methylation patterns in subjects diagnosed with schizophrenia using machine learning methods. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 114:41-47. [PMID: 31022588 PMCID: PMC7416578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a common mental disorder with high heritability. It is genetically complex and to date more than a hundred risk loci have been identified. Association of environmental factors and schizophrenia has also been reported, while epigenetic analyses have yielded ambiguous and sometimes conflicting results. Here, we analyzed fresh frozen post-mortem brain tissue from a cohort of 73 subjects diagnosed with schizophrenia and 52 control samples, using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 Bead Chip, to investigate genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in the two groups. Analysis of differential methylation was performed with the Bioconductor Minfi package and modern machine-learning and visualization techniques, which were shown previously to be successful in detecting and highlighting differentially methylated patterns in case-control studies. In this dataset, however, these methods did not uncover any significant signals discerning the patient group and healthy controls, suggesting that if there are methylation changes associated with schizophrenia, they are heterogeneous and complex with small effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrooz Torabi Moghadam
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Computational and Systems Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mitra Etemadikhah
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medical Genetics and Genomics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Grazyna Rajkowska
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Craig Stockmeier
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Manfred Grabherr
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology/BILS, Genomics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Komorowski
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Computational and Systems Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Institute of Computer Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, 01248, Poland
| | - Lars Feuk
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Eva Lindholm Carlström
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Concordance of genetic variation that increases risk for anxiety disorders and posttraumatic stress disorders and that influences their underlying neurocircuitry. J Affect Disord 2019; 245:885-896. [PMID: 30699873 PMCID: PMC6519055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been considerable recent advances in understanding the genetic architecture of anxiety disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as well as the underlying neurocircuitry of these disorders. However, there is little work on the concordance of genetic variations that increase risk for these conditions, and that influence subcortical brain structures. We undertook a genome-wide investigation of the overlap between the genetic influences from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on volumes of subcortical brain structures and genetic risk for anxiety disorders and PTSD. METHOD We obtained summary statistics of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of anxiety disorders (Ncases = 7016, Ncontrols = 14,745), PTSD (European sample; Ncases = 2424, Ncontrols = 7113) and of subcortical brain structures (N = 13,171). SNP Effect Concordance Analysis (SECA) and Linkage Disequilibrium (LD) Score Regression were used to examine genetic pleiotropy, concordance, and genome-wide correlations respectively. SECAs conditional false discovery was used to identify specific risk variants associated with anxiety disorders or PTSD when conditioning on brain related traits. RESULTS For anxiety disorders, we found evidence of significant concordance between increased anxiety risk variants and variants associated with smaller amygdala volume. Further, by conditioning on brain volume GWAS, we identified novel variants that associate with smaller brain volumes and increase risk for disorders: rs56242606 was found to increase risk for anxiety disorders, while two variants (rs6470292 and rs683250) increase risk for PTSD, when conditioning on the GWAS of putamen volume. LIMITATIONS Despite using the largest available GWAS summary statistics, the analyses were limited by sample size. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary data indicate that there is genome wide concordance between genetic risk factors for anxiety disorders and those for smaller amygdala volume, which is consistent with research that supports the involvement of the amygdala in anxiety disorders. It is notable that a genetic variant that contributes to both reduced putamen volume and PTSD plays a key role in the glutamatergic system. Further work with GWAS summary statistics from larger samples, and a more extensive look at the genetics underlying brain circuits, is needed to fully delineate the genetic architecture of these disorders and their underlying neurocircuitry.
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Enhanced Molecular Appreciation of Psychiatric Disorders Through High-Dimensionality Data Acquisition and Analytics. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2011:671-723. [PMID: 31273728 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9554-7_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The initial diagnosis, molecular investigation, treatment, and posttreatment care of major psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia and bipolar depression) are all still significantly hindered by the current inability to define these disorders in an explicit molecular signaling manner. High-dimensionality data analytics, using large datastreams from transcriptomic, proteomic, or metabolomic investigations, will likely advance both the appreciation of the molecular nature of major psychiatric disorders and simultaneously enhance our ability to more efficiently diagnose and treat these debilitating conditions. High-dimensionality data analysis in psychiatric research has been heterogeneous in aims and methods and limited by insufficient sample sizes, poorly defined case definitions, methodological inhomogeneity, and confounding results. All of these issues combine to constrain the conclusions that can be extracted from them. Here, we discuss possibilities for overcoming methodological challenges through the implementation of transcriptomic, proteomic, or metabolomics signatures in psychiatric diagnosis and offer an outlook for future investigations. To fulfill the promise of intelligent high-dimensionality data-based differential diagnosis in mental disease diagnosis and treatment, future research will need large, well-defined cohorts in combination with state-of-the-art technologies.
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Quantitative DNA Methylation Analysis of DLGAP2 Gene using Pyrosequencing in Schizophrenia with Tardive Dyskinesia: A Linear Mixed Model Approach. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17466. [PMID: 30504779 PMCID: PMC6269460 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35718-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a side effect of antipsychotic medications used to treat schizophrenia (SCZ) and other mental health disorders. No study has previously used pyrosequencing to quantify DNA methylation levels of the DLGAP2 gene; while the quantitative methylation levels among CpG sites within a gene may be correlated. To deal with the correlated measures among three CpG sites within the DLGAP2 gene, this study analyzed DNA methylation levels of the DLGAP2 gene using a linear mixed model (LMM) in a Chinese sample consisting of 35 SCZ patients with TD, 35 SCZ without TD (NTD) and 34 healthy controls (HCs) collected in Beijing, China. The initial analysis using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test revealed that three groups (TD, NTD and HC) had significant differences in DNA methylation level for CpG site 2 (p = 0.0119). Furthermore, the average methylation levels among the three CpG sites showed strong correlations (all p values < 0.0001). In addition, using the LMM, three groups had significant differences in methylation level (p = 0.0027); while TD, NTD and TD + NTD groups showed higher average methylation levels than the HC group (p = 0.0024, 0.0151, and 0.0007, respectively). In conclusion, the LMM can accommodate a covariance structure. The findings of this study provide first evidence of DNA methylation levels in DLGAP2 associated with SCZ with TD in Chinese population. However, TD just showed borderline significant differences to NTD in this study.
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Alfimova MV, Kondratiev NV, Golov AK, Golimbet VE. Methylation of the Reelin Gene Promoter in Peripheral Blood and Its Relationship with the Cognitive Function of Schizophrenia Patients. Mol Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893318050023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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21
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Lizano P, Lutz O, Ling G, Padmanabhan J, Tandon N, Sweeney J, Tamminga C, Pearlson G, Ruaño G, Kocherla M, Windemuth A, Clementz B, Gershon E, Keshavan M. VEGFA GENE variation influences hallucinations and frontotemporal morphology in psychotic disorders: a B-SNIP study. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:215. [PMID: 30310054 PMCID: PMC6181939 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0271-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) dysfunction may contribute to a number of pathological processes that characterize psychotic disorders. However, the influence of VEGFA gene variants on clinical and neuroimaging phenotypes in psychotic disorders has yet to be shown. In the present study, we examined whether different VEGFA gene variants influence psychosis risk, symptom severity, cognition, and brain volume. The study group included 480 probands (Bipolar I disorder with psychosis, n = 205; Schizoaffective disorder, n = 112; Schizophrenia, n = 163) and 126 healthy controls that were recruited across six sites in the B-SNIP consortium. VEGFA variants identified for analysis (rs699947, rs833070, and rs2146323) were quantified via SNP chip array. We assessed symptoms and cognition using standardized clinical and neuropsychological batteries. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), medial temporal lobe, and hippocampal volumes were quantified using FreeSurfer. In our sample, VEGFA rs2146323 A- carriers showed reduced odds of being a proband (p = 0.037, OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.43-0.98) compared to noncarriers, but not for rs699947 or rs833070. In probands, rs2146323 A- carriers demonstrated fewer hallucinations (p = 0.035, Cohen's d = 0.194), as well as significantly greater DLPFC (p < 0.05, Cohen's d = -0.21) and parahippocampal volumes (p < 0.01, Cohen's d = -0.27). No clinical or neuroimaging associations were identified for rs699947 or rs833070. In general, we found that the three SNPs exhibited several significant negative relationships between psychosis symptoms and brain structure. In the probands and control groups, positive relationships were identified between several cognitive and brain volume measures. The findings suggest VEGFA effects in the DLPFC and hippocampus found in animals may also extend to humans. VEGFA variations may have important implications in identifying dimensional moderators of function that could be targeted through VEGFA-mediated interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Lizano
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Olivia Lutz
- 0000 0000 9011 8547grid.239395.7Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA USA
| | - George Ling
- 0000 0000 9011 8547grid.239395.7Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA USA
| | - Jaya Padmanabhan
- 0000 0000 9011 8547grid.239395.7Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA USA ,000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Neeraj Tandon
- 0000 0000 9011 8547grid.239395.7Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA USA
| | - John Sweeney
- 0000 0000 9881 9161grid.413561.4Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Carol Tamminga
- 0000 0000 9482 7121grid.267313.2University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
| | - Godfrey Pearlson
- 0000000419368710grid.47100.32Hartford Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, Hartford, CT USA
| | | | | | | | - Brett Clementz
- 0000 0004 1936 738Xgrid.213876.9Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - Elliot Gershon
- 0000 0004 1936 7822grid.170205.1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Matcheri Keshavan
- 0000 0000 9011 8547grid.239395.7Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA USA ,000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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Zebrafish models of epigenetic regulation of CNS functions. Brain Res Bull 2018; 142:344-351. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Impact of antipsychotic treatment on methylation status of Interleukin-6 [IL-6] gene in Schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 104:88-95. [PMID: 30005373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immunopathogenesis of schizophrenia has emerged as one of the predominant research paradigms in recent times. Based on the altered serum levels as well as gene expression, IL-6 has been considered as a peripheral biomarker of schizophrenia. However, the precise mechanism underlying the altered expression of IL6 in schizophrenia is inadequately known. Given the profound influence of environmental factors on schizophrenia risk, it is important to understand the effect of epigenetic changes on schizophrenia risk. Further, it is not known whether epigenetic changes modulate the expression of IL6 and its subsequent effects on the risk and progression of schizophrenia. In this study, we analysed and compared the methylation status of IL6 promoter sequence from -1200bp to +27bp in antipsychotic-naïve/free schizophrenia patients (N = 47) and matched healthy controls (N = 47) using bisulfite sequencing method. In addition, we also examined the methylation status in these patients at least after 3-months of treatment with antipsychotics (N = 40). At baseline, a state of hypomethylation was observed in the IL6 promoter of schizophrenia subjects in comparison to healthy controls. This state of hypomethylation was shown to be reversed by the administration of antipsychotics. In summary, our observations emphasize a significant role for IL-6 promoter methylation in schizophrenia pathogenesis as well as treatment with antipsychotic medications.
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Milesi MM, Varayoud J, Ramos JG, Luque EH. Uterine ERα epigenetic modifications are induced by the endocrine disruptor endosulfan in female rats with impaired fertility. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 454:1-11. [PMID: 28559116 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
High ERα activity may disrupt the window of uterine receptivity, causing defective implantation. We investigated whether implantation failures prompted by endosulfan are associated with aberrant ERα uterine expression and DNA methylation status during the pre-implantation period. ERα-dependent target genes that play a crucial role in the uterine receptivity for embryo attachment and implantation were also investigated. Newborn female rats received corn oil (vehicle, Control), 6 μg/kg/d of endosulfan (Endo6) or 600 μg/kg/d of endosulfan (Endo600) on postnatal days (PND) 1, 3, 5, and 7. On PND90, females were made pregnant and on gestational day 5 (GD5, pre-implantation period) uterine samples were collected. ERα expression was assessed at protein and mRNA levels by immunohistochemistry and real time RT-PCR, respectively. ERα transcript variants mRNA containing alternative 5'-untranslated regions (5'UTRs) were also evaluated. We searched for predicted transcription factors binding sites in ERα regulatory regions and assessed their methylation status by Methylation-Sensitive Restriction Enzymes-PCR technique (MSRE-PCR). The expression of the ERα-dependent uterine target genes, i.e. mucin-1 (MUC-1), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), was assessed by real time RT-PCR. Both doses of endosulfan increased the expression of ERα and its transcript variants ERα-OS, ERα-O, ERα-OT and ERα-E1. Moreover, a decreased DNA methylation levels were detected in some ERα regulatory regions, suggesting an epigenetic up-regulation of it transcription. ERα overexpression was associated with an induction of its downstream genes, MUC-1 and IGF-1, suggesting that endosulfan might alter the uterine estrogenic pathway compromising uterine receptivity. These alterations could account, at least in part, for the endosulfan-induced implantation failures.
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Affiliation(s)
- María M Milesi
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Jorgelina Varayoud
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Jorge G Ramos
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Enrique H Luque
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
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Schönbach C, Verma C, Wee LJK, Bond PJ, Ranganathan S. 2016 update on APBioNet's annual international conference on bioinformatics (InCoB). BMC Genomics 2016; 17:1036. [PMID: 28155656 PMCID: PMC5259860 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3362-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
InCoB became since its inception in 2002 one of the largest annual bioinformatics conferences in the Asia-Pacific region with attendance ranging between 150 and 250 delegates depending on the venue location. InCoB 2016 in Singapore was attended by almost 220 delegates. This year, sessions on structural bioinformatics, sequence and sequencing, and next-generation sequencing fielded the highest number of oral presentation. Forty-four out 96 oral presentations were associated with an accepted manuscript in supplemental issues of BMC Bioinformatics, BMC Genomics, BMC Medical Genomics or BMC Systems Biology. Articles with a genomics focus are reviewed in this editorial. Next year's InCoB will be held in Shenzen, China from September 20 to 22, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schönbach
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811 Japan
| | - Chandra Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, 138671 Singapore
| | - Lawrence Jin Kiat Wee
- Institute for Infocomm Research, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138632 Singapore
| | - Peter John Bond
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, 138671 Singapore
| | - Shoba Ranganathan
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
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