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Sharma R, Chiang YH, Chen HC, Lin HY, Yang WB, Nepali K, Lai MJ, Chen KY, Liou JP, Hsu TI. Dual inhibition of CYP17A1 and HDAC6 by abiraterone-installed hydroxamic acid overcomes temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma through inducing DNA damage and oxidative stress. Cancer Lett 2024; 586:216666. [PMID: 38311053 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive and treatment-resistant brain tumor, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies. In this study, we present a mechanistic breakthrough by designing and evaluating a series of abiraterone-installed hydroxamic acids as potential dual inhibitors of CYP17A1 and HDAC6 for GBM treatment. We established the correlation of CYP17A1/HDAC6 overexpression with tumor recurrence and temozolomide resistance in GBM patients. Compound 12, a dual inhibitor, demonstrated significant anti-GBM activity in vitro, particularly against TMZ-resistant cell lines. Mechanistically, compound 12 induced apoptosis, suppressed recurrence-associated genes, induced oxidative stress and initiated DNA damage response. Furthermore, molecular modeling studies confirmed its potent inhibitory activity against CYP17A1 and HDAC6. In vivo studies revealed that compound 12 effectively suppressed tumor growth in xenograft and orthotopic mouse models without inducing significant adverse effects. These findings highlight the potential of dual CYP17A1 and HDAC6 inhibition as a promising strategy for overcoming treatment resistance in GBM and offer new hope for improved therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiao Chiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Chung Chen
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Yi Lin
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Bin Yang
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; International Master Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kunal Nepali
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; TMU Research Center for Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Jung Lai
- TMU Research Center for Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yun Chen
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; International Master Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; TMU Research Center for Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tsung-I Hsu
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; TMU Research Center for Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; International Master Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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2
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Sharma S, Wang SA, Yang WB, Lin HY, Lai MJ, Chen HC, Kao TY, Hsu FL, Nepali K, Hsu TI, Liou JP. First-in-Class Dual EZH2-HSP90 Inhibitor Eliciting Striking Antiglioblastoma Activity In Vitro and In Vivo. J Med Chem 2024; 67:2963-2985. [PMID: 38285511 PMCID: PMC10895674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Structural analysis of tazemetostat, an FDA-approved EZH2 inhibitor, led us to pinpoint a suitable site for appendage with a pharmacophoric fragment of second-generation HSP90 inhibitors. Resultantly, a magnificent dual EZH2/HSP90 inhibitor was pinpointed that exerted striking cell growth inhibitory efficacy against TMZ-resistant Glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines. Exhaustive explorations of chemical probe 7 led to several revelations such as (i) compound 7 increased apoptosis/necrosis-related gene expression, whereas decreased M phase/kinetochore/spindle-related gene expression as well as CENPs protein expression in Pt3R cells; (ii) dual inhibitor 7 induced cell cycle arrest at the M phase; (iii) compound 7 suppressed reactive oxygen species (ROS) catabolism pathway, causing the death of TMZ-resistant GBM cells; and (iv) compound 7 elicited substantial in vivo anti-GBM efficacy in experimental mice xenografted with TMZ-resistant Pt3R cells. Collectively, the study results confirm the potential of dual EZH2-HSP90 inhibitor 7 as a tractable anti-GBM agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Sharma
- School
of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei
Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Shao-An Wang
- School
of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Bin Yang
- TMU
Research Center of Neuroscience, Taipei
Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Yi Lin
- Graduate
Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Jung Lai
- TMU
Research Center for Drug Discovery, Taipei
Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Chung Chen
- TMU
Research Center of Neuroscience, Taipei
Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei
Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Ph.D.
Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research
Institutes, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yuan Kao
- School
of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei
Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Ph.D.
Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research
Institutes, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Lin Hsu
- School
of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Kunal Nepali
- School
of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei
Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- TMU
Research Center for Drug Discovery, Taipei
Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Ph.D.
Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-I Hsu
- TMU
Research Center of Neuroscience, Taipei
Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- TMU
Research Center for Drug Discovery, Taipei
Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Ph.D.
Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research
Institutes, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- International
Master Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science
and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- TMU
Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei 110 Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ping Liou
- School
of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei
Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- TMU
Research Center for Drug Discovery, Taipei
Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- TMU
Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei 110 Taiwan
- Ph.D.
Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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3
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Chien CH, Lai CC, Chuang JY, Chu JM, Liu CC, Chang KY. Role of SH3GLB1 in the regulation of CD133 expression in GBM cells. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:713. [PMID: 37525108 PMCID: PMC10391956 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11211-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM), a malignant brain tumor, has poor survival outcomes due to recurrence or drug resistance. We found that SH3GLB1 is a crucial factor for cells to evade temozolomide (TMZ) cytotoxicity through autophagy-mediated oxidative phosphorylation, which is associated with CD133 levels. Therefore, we propose that SH3GLB1 participate in the impact on tumor-initiating cells (TICs). METHODS The parental, the derived resistant cell lines and their CD133+ cells were used, and the levels of the proteins were compared by western blotting. Then RNA interference was applied to observe the effects of the target protein on TIC-related features. Finally, in vitro transcription assays were used to validate the association between SH3GLB1 and CD133. RESULTS The CD133+ cells from resistant cells with enhanced SH3GLB1 levels more easily survived cytotoxic treatment than those from the parental cells. Inhibition of SH3GLB1 attenuated frequency and size of spheroid formation, and the levels of CD133 and histone 4 lysine 5 (H4K5) acetylation can be simultaneously regulated by SH3GLB1 modification. The H4K5 acetylation of the CD133 promoter was later suggested to be the mediating mechanism of SH3GLB1. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that SH3GLB1 can regulate CD133 expression, suggesting that the protein plays a crucial role in TICs. Our findings on the effects of SH3GLB1 on the cells will help explain tumor resistance formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hung Chien
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 367 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Cheng Lai
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 367 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Ying Chuang
- International Master Program in Medical Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Mei Chu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 367 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Chuan Liu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 367 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Kwang-Yu Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 367 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan.
- Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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4
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Pizzimenti C, Fiorentino V, Franchina M, Martini M, Giuffrè G, Lentini M, Silvestris N, Di Pietro M, Fadda G, Tuccari G, Ieni A. Autophagic-Related Proteins in Brain Gliomas: Role, Mechanisms, and Targeting Agents. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092622. [PMID: 37174088 PMCID: PMC10177137 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review focuses on the phenomenon of autophagy, a catabolic cellular process, which allows for the recycling of damaged organelles, macromolecules, and misfolded proteins. The different steps able to activate autophagy start with the formation of the autophagosome, mainly controlled by the action of several autophagy-related proteins. It is remarkable that autophagy may exert a double role as a tumour promoter and a tumour suppressor. Herein, we analyse the molecular mechanisms as well as the regulatory pathways of autophagy, mainly addressing their involvement in human astrocytic neoplasms. Moreover, the relationships between autophagy, the tumour immune microenvironment, and glioma stem cells are discussed. Finally, an excursus concerning autophagy-targeting agents is included in the present review in order to obtain additional information for the better treatment and management of therapy-resistant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pizzimenti
- Translational Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Fiorentino
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Mariausilia Franchina
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Maurizio Martini
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giuffrè
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Lentini
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Oncology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Martina Di Pietro
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Oncology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Guido Fadda
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tuccari
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Ieni
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
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5
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Rationally designed donepezil-based hydroxamates modulate Sig-1R and HDAC isoforms to exert anti-glioblastoma effects. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 248:115054. [PMID: 36630883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The pursuit of activating the HDAC inhibitory template towards additional mechanisms spurred us to design dual modulators (Sig-1R agonist - HDAC inhibitor) via utilization of the core structural unit of donepezil (an FDA-approved anti-Alzheimer's agent) as a surface recognition part. Literature precedents coupled with our experience rendered us with several insights that led to the inclusion of chemically diverse linkers and hydroxamic acid (zinc-binding motif) as the other components of HDAC inhibitory pharmacophore. With this envisionment and clarity, donepezil-based HDAC inhibitory adducts were furnished and exhaustively explored for their anti-GBM efficacy. Resultantly, a magnificently potent HDAC inhibitor 10 [IC50 (HDAC6) = 2.7 nM, IC50 (HDAC2) = 0.71 μM] was pinpointed that was endowed with the ability to: i) exert cell growth inhibitory effects against Human U87MG GBM cells ii) cause death in TMZ-resistant GBM cells iii) induce subG1 arrest in GBM cells iv) prolong the survival of TMZ-resistant U87MG inoculated orthotopic mice (in-vivo studies) v) induce GBM cell apoptosis via binding to Sig-1R. Collectively, the results led to the identification of compound 10 as a tractable anti-GBM agent that deserves detailed investigation for the accomplishment of its candidature as a GBM therapeutic.
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6
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Xu L, Zhang J, Sun J, Hou K, Yang C, Guo Y, Liu X, Kalvakolanu DV, Zhang L, Guo B. Epigenetic regulation of cancer stem cells: Shedding light on the refractory/relapsed cancers. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 202:115110. [PMID: 35640714 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The resistance to drugs, ability to enter quiescence and generate heterogeneous cancer cells, and enhancement of aggressiveness, make cancer stem cells (CSCs) integral part of tumor progression, metastasis and recurrence after treatment. The epigenetic modification machinery is crucial for the viability of CSCs and evolution of aggressive forms of a tumor. These mechanisms can also be targeted by specific drugs, providing a promising approach for blocking CSCs. In this review, we summarize the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in CSCs which contribute to drug resistance, quiescence and tumor heterogeneity. We also discuss the drugs that can potentially target these processes and data from experimental and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Jinghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Jicheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Kunlin Hou
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Chenxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Ying Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Xiaorui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Dhan V Kalvakolanu
- Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.
| | - Baofeng Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.
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7
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Thakur A, Faujdar C, Sharma R, Sharma S, Malik B, Nepali K, Liou JP. Glioblastoma: Current Status, Emerging Targets, and Recent Advances. J Med Chem 2022; 65:8596-8685. [PMID: 35786935 PMCID: PMC9297300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant
brain tumor characterized
by a heterogeneous population of genetically unstable and highly infiltrative
cells that are resistant to chemotherapy. Although substantial efforts
have been invested in the field of anti-GBM drug discovery in the
past decade, success has primarily been confined to the preclinical
level, and clinical studies have often been hampered due to efficacy-,
selectivity-, or physicochemical property-related issues. Thus, expansion
of the list of molecular targets coupled with a pragmatic design of
new small-molecule inhibitors with central nervous system (CNS)-penetrating
ability is required to steer the wheels of anti-GBM drug discovery
endeavors. This Perspective presents various aspects of drug discovery
(challenges in GBM drug discovery and delivery, therapeutic targets,
and agents under clinical investigation). The comprehensively covered
sections include the recent medicinal chemistry campaigns embarked
upon to validate the potential of numerous enzymes/proteins/receptors
as therapeutic targets in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Thakur
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chetna Faujdar
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida 201307, India
| | - Ram Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Sachin Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Basant Malik
- Department of Sterile Product Development, Research and Development-Unit 2, Jubiliant Generics Ltd., Noida 201301, India
| | - Kunal Nepali
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jing Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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8
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Yang S, Xie S, Shi X, Su D, He B, Xu Y, Liu Z. Characterizing HDAC Pathway Copy Number Variation in Pan-Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2022; 28:1610288. [PMID: 35769830 PMCID: PMC9235358 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2022.1610288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Histone deacetylase (HDAC) plays a crucial role in regulating the expression and activity of a variety of genes associated with tumor progression and immunotherapeutic processes. The aim of this study was to characterize HDAC pathway copy number variation (CNV) in pan-cancer. Methods: A total of 10,678 tumor samples involving 33 types of tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were included in the study. Results: HDAC pathway CNV and CNV gain were identified as prognostic risk factors for pan-cancer species. The differences of tumor characteristics including tumor mutational burden, tumor neoantigen burden, high-microsatellite instability, and microsatellite stable between HDAC pathway CNV altered-type group and wild-type group varied among the various cancer species. In some cancer types, HDAC pathway CNV alteration was positively correlated with loss of heterozygosity, CNV burden, ploidy, and homologous recombination defect score markers, while it was significantly negatively correlated with immune score and stroma score. There were significant differences in immune characteristics such as major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I), MHC-II, chemokines, cytolytic-activity, and IFN-γ between the two groups. Immune cycle characteristics varied from one cancer type to another. Conclusion: This study reveals a tumor and immune profile of HDAC pathway CNV as well as its unlimited potential in immune prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuming Yang
- Department of Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shengzhi Xie
- Department of Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinying Shi
- Genecast Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuxi, China
| | - Dan Su
- Department of Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo He
- Department of Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhefeng Liu
- Department of Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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9
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Wu AC, Yang WB, Chang KY, Lee JS, Liou JP, Su RY, Cheng SM, Hwang DY, Kikkawa U, Hsu TI, Wang CY, Chang WC, Chen PY, Chuang JY. HDAC6 involves in regulating the lncRNA-microRNA-mRNA network to promote the proliferation of glioblastoma cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:47. [PMID: 35109908 PMCID: PMC8809020 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02257-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and lethal brain tumor. Although the histone deacetylase (HDAC)/transcription factor axis promotes growth in GBM, whether HDACs including HDAC6 are involved in modulating long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) to affect GBM malignancy remains obscure. Methods Integrative analysis of microarray and RNA-seq was performed to identify lncRNAs governed by HDAC6. Half-life measurement and RNA-protein pull-down assay combined with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based proteomic analysis were conducted to identify RNA modulators. The effect of LINC00461 on GBM malignancy was evaluated using animal models and cell proliferation-related assays. Functional analysis of the LINC00461 downstream networks was performed comprehensively using ingenuity pathway analysis and public databases. Results We identified a lncRNA, LINC00461, which was substantially increased in stem-like/treatment-resistant GBM cells. LINC00461 was inversely correlated with the survival of mice-bearing GBM and it was stabilized by the interaction between HDAC6 and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) such as carbon catabolite repression—negative on TATA-less (CCR4-NOT) core exoribonuclease subunit 6 and fused in sarcoma. Targeting LINC00461 using azaindolylsulfonamide, an HDAC6 inhibitor, decreased cell-division-related proteins via the lncRNA-microRNA (miRNA)-mRNA networks and caused cell-cycle arrest, thereby suppressing proliferation in parental and drug-resistant GBM cells and prolonging the survival of mice-bearing GBM. Conclusions This study sheds light on the role of LINC00461 in GBM malignancy and provides a novel therapeutic strategy for targeting the HDAC6/RBP/LINC00461 axis and its downstream effectors in patients with GBM. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02257-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Chih Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Bin Yang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kwang-Yu Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Shun Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Yuan Su
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Siao Muk Cheng
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Daw-Yang Hwang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ushio Kikkawa
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-I Hsu
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Wang
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Yuan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, 222 Mai-jin Road, Keelung, 20401, Taiwan.
| | - Jian-Ying Chuang
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,TMU Research Center of Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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10
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Dow J, Krysztofiak A, Liu Y, Colon-Rios DA, Rogers FA, Glazer PM. Vulnerability of IDH1-Mutant Cancers to Histone Deacetylase Inhibition via Orthogonal Suppression of DNA Repair. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:2057-2067. [PMID: 34535560 PMCID: PMC8642278 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Exploitation of DNA repair defects has enabled major advances in treating specific cancers. Recent work discovered that the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), produced by neomorphic isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH1/2) mutations, confers a homology-directed repair (HDR) defect through 2-HG-induced histone hypermethylation masking HDR signaling. Here, we report that IDH1-mutant cancer cells are profoundly sensitive to the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) vorinostat, by further suppressing the residual HDR in 2-HG-producing cells. Vorinostat downregulates repair factors BRCA1 and RAD51 via disrupted E2F-factor regulation, causing increased DNA double-strand breaks, reduced DNA repair factor foci, and functional HDR deficiency even beyond 2-HG's effects. This results in greater cell death of IDH1-mutant cells and confers synergy with radiation and PARPi, both against cells in culture and patient-derived tumor xenografts. Our work identifies HDACi's utility against IDH1-mutant cancers, and presents IDH1/2 mutations as potential biomarkers to guide trials testing HDACi in gliomas and other malignancies. IMPLICATIONS: IDH1-mutant cells show profound vulnerability to HDACi treatment, alone and with PARPi and radiation, via HDR suppression, presenting IDH1/2 mutations as biomarkers for HDACi use in gliomas and other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Dow
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine. New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine. New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Adam Krysztofiak
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine. New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine. New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine. New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Daniel A Colon-Rios
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine. New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Faye A Rogers
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine. New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Peter M Glazer
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine. New Haven, Connecticut.
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine. New Haven, Connecticut
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11
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Anti-Proliferative, Anti-Angiogenic and Safety Profiles of Novel HDAC Inhibitors for the Treatment of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14101020. [PMID: 34681244 PMCID: PMC8540814 DOI: 10.3390/ph14101020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) has a five-year survival rate of 28%. As histone deacetylases (HDACs) are overexpressed in CRPC, the HDAC inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) was trialled in CRPC patients but found to be toxic and inefficacious. Previously, we showed that novel HDAC inhibitors (Jazz90 (N1-hydroxy-N8-(4-(pyridine-2-carbothioamido)phenyl)octanediamide) and Jazz167 ([chlorido(η5-pentamethylcyclopentadieny[1–4](N1-hydroxy-N8-(4-(pyridine-2-carbothioamido-κ2N,S)phenyl)octanediamide)rhodium(III)] chloride) had a higher cancer-to-normal-cell selectivity and superior anti-angiogenic effects in CRPC (PC3) cells than SAHA. Thus, this study aimed to further investigate the efficacy and toxicity of these compounds. HUVEC tube formation assays revealed that Jazz90 and Jazz167 significantly reduced meshes and segment lengths in the range of 55–88 and 43–64%, respectively. However, Jazz90 and Jazz167 did not affect the expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitioning markers E-cadherin and vimentin. Jazz90 and Jazz167 significantly inhibited the growth of PC3 and DU145 spheroids and reduced PC3 spheroid branching. Jazz90 and Jazz167 (25, 50 and 75 mg/kg/day orally for 21 days) were non-toxic in male BALB/c mice. The efficacy and safety of these compounds demonstrate their potential for further in vivo studies in CRPC models.
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12
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Abballe L, Miele E. Epigenetic modulators for brain cancer stem cells: Implications for anticancer treatment. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:670-684. [PMID: 34367473 PMCID: PMC8316861 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i7.670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary malignant brain tumors are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in both adults and children, with a dismal prognosis despite multimodal therapeutic approaches. In the last years, a specific subpopulation of cells within the tumor bulk, named cancer stem cells (CSCs) or tumor-initiating cells, have been identified in brain tumors as responsible for cancer growth and disease progression. Stemness features of tumor cells strongly affect treatment response, leading to the escape from conventional therapeutic approaches and subsequently causing tumor relapse. Recent research efforts have focused at identifying new therapeutic strategies capable of specifically targeting CSCs in cancers by taking into consideration their complex nature. Aberrant epigenetic machinery plays a key role in the genesis and progression of brain tumors as well as inducing CSC reprogramming and preserving CSC characteristics. Thus, reverting the cancer epigenome can be considered a promising therapeutic strategy. Three main epigenetic mechanisms have been described: DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA, particularly microRNAs. Each of these mechanisms has been proven to be targetable by chemical compounds, known as epigenetic-based drugs or epidrugs, that specifically target epigenetic marks. We review here recent advances in the study of epigenetic modulators promoting and sustaining brain tumor stem-like cells. We focus on their potential role in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Abballe
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cellular and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome 00165, Italy
| | - Evelina Miele
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cellular and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome 00165, Italy.
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13
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Karagiannis D, Rampias T. HDAC Inhibitors: Dissecting Mechanisms of Action to Counter Tumor Heterogeneity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3575. [PMID: 34298787 PMCID: PMC8307174 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intra-tumoral heterogeneity presents a major obstacle to cancer therapeutics, including conventional chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies. Stochastic events such as mutations, chromosomal aberrations, and epigenetic dysregulation, as well as micro-environmental selection pressures related to nutrient and oxygen availability, immune infiltration, and immunoediting processes can drive immense phenotypic variability in tumor cells. Here, we discuss how histone deacetylase inhibitors, a prominent class of epigenetic drugs, can be leveraged to counter tumor heterogeneity. We examine their effects on cellular processes that contribute to heterogeneity and provide insights on their mechanisms of action that could assist in the development of future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Karagiannis
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Theodoros Rampias
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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14
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Batara DCR, Choi MC, Shin HU, Kim H, Kim SH. Friend or Foe: Paradoxical Roles of Autophagy in Gliomagenesis. Cells 2021; 10:1411. [PMID: 34204169 PMCID: PMC8227518 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive type of primary brain tumor in adults, with a poor median survival of approximately 15 months after diagnosis. Despite several decades of intensive research on its cancer biology, treatment for GBM remains a challenge. Autophagy, a fundamental homeostatic mechanism, is responsible for degrading and recycling damaged or defective cellular components. It plays a paradoxical role in GBM by either promoting or suppressing tumor growth depending on the cellular context. A thorough understanding of autophagy's pleiotropic roles is needed to develop potential therapeutic strategies for GBM. In this paper, we discussed molecular mechanisms and biphasic functions of autophagy in gliomagenesis. We also provided a summary of treatments for GBM, emphasizing the importance of autophagy as a promising molecular target for treating GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don Carlo Ramos Batara
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (D.C.R.B.); (H.-U.S.)
| | - Moon-Chang Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
| | - Hyeon-Uk Shin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (D.C.R.B.); (H.-U.S.)
| | - Hyunggee Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Sung-Hak Kim
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (D.C.R.B.); (H.-U.S.)
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15
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Tsai YT, Wu CC, Ko CY, Hsu TI, Chang WC, Lo WL, Chuang JY. Correlation between the expression of cancer stem cell marker BMI1 and glioma prognosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 550:113-119. [PMID: 33691197 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (BMI1) appears to be essential for promoting certain types of cancer, and its inhibition effectively reduced the stemness of cancer cells. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential role of BMI1 in glioma. To this end, we first investigated BMI1 expression in brain tumors using microarray datasets in ONCOMINE, which indicated that BMI1 levels were not commonly increased in clinical brain tumors. Moreover, survival plots in PROGgeneV2 also showed that BMI1 expression was not significantly associated with reduced survival in glioma patients. Interestingly, stressful serum deprivation and anchorage independence growth conditions led to an increased BMI1 expression in glioma cells. A stress-responsive pathway, HDAC/Sp1, was further identified to regulate BMI1 expression. The HDAC inhibitor vorinostat (SAHA) prevented Sp1 binding to the BMI1 promoter, leading to a decreased expression of BMI1 and attenuating tumor growth of TMZ-resistant glioma xenografts. Importantly, we further performed survival analysis using PROGgeneV2 and found that an elevated expression of HDAC1,3/Sp1/BMI1 but not BMI1 alone showed an increased risk of death in both high- and low-grade glioma patients. Thus, HDAC-mediated Sp1 deacetylation is critical for BMI1 regulation to attenuate stress- and therapy-induced death in glioma cells, and the HDAC/Sp1 axis is more important than BMI1 and appears as a therapeutic target to prevent recurrence of malignant glioma cells persisting after primary therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Che Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Yuan Ko
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-I Hsu
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Lo
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; Division of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taiwan.
| | - Jian-Ying Chuang
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taiwan.
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16
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Nepali K, Hsu TI, Hsieh CM, Lo WL, Lai MJ, Hsu KC, Lin TE, Chuang JY, Liou JP. Pragmatic recruitment of memantine as the capping group for the design of HDAC inhibitors: A preliminary attempt to unravel the enigma of glioblastoma. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 217:113338. [PMID: 33744690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hurdled and marred by the notorious nature of glioblastomas (GBM) in terms of resistance to therapy and limited drug delivery into the brain, the anti-GBM drug pipeline is required to be loaded with mechanistically diverse agents. The consideration of HDAC inhibition as a prudent approach to circumvent the resistance issue in GBM spurred us to pragmatically design and synthesizes hydroxamic acids endowed with CNS penetrating ability. By virtue of the blood brain barrier permeability (BBB), memantine was envisioned as an appropriate CAP component for the construction of the HDAC inhibitors. Diverse linkers were stapled for the tetheration of the zinc binding motif with the CAP group to pinpoint an appropriate combination (CAP and linker) that could confer inhibitory preference to HDAC6 isoform (overexpressed in GBM). Resultantly, hydroxamic acid 16 was identified as a promising compound that elicited striking antiproliferative effects against Human U87MG GBM cells as well as TMZ-resistant GBM cells and P1S cells, a concurrent chemo radiotherapy (CCRT)-resistant/patient-derived glioma cell line mediated through preferential HDAC6 inhibition (IC50 = 5.42 nM). Furthermore, 16 exerted cell cycle arrest at G2 phase, induced apoptosis in GBM cells at high concentration and exhibited high BBB permeability. To add on, in-vivo study revealed that the administration of compound 16 prolonged the survival of TMZ-resistant U87MG inoculated orthotopic mice. Overall, the cumulative results indicate that 16 is a tractable CNS penetrant preferential HDAC6 inhibitor that might emerge as a potent weapon against GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Nepali
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-I Hsu
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ming Hsieh
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Lo
- Division of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Jung Lai
- Biomedical Commercialization Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Cheng Hsu
- Biomedical Commercialization Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan; Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Tony Eight Lin
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Ying Chuang
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan; Biomedical Commercialization Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
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17
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Chien CH, Hsueh WT, Chuang JY, Chang KY. Dissecting the mechanism of temozolomide resistance and its association with the regulatory roles of intracellular reactive oxygen species in glioblastoma. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:18. [PMID: 33685470 PMCID: PMC7938520 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00717-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor that is usually considered fatal even with treatment. This is often a result for tumor to develop resistance. Regarding the standard chemotherapy, the alkylating agent temozolomide is effective in disease control but the recurrence will still occur eventually. The mechanism of the resistance is various, and differs in terms of innate or acquired. To date, aberrations in O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase are the clear factor that determines drug susceptibility. Alterations of the other DNA damage repair genes such as DNA mismatch repair genes are also known to affect the drug effect. Together these genes have roles in the innate resistance, but are not sufficient for explaining the mechanism leading to acquired resistance. Recent identification of specific cellular subsets with features of stem-like cells may have role in this process. The glioma stem-like cells are known for its superior ability in withstanding the drug-induced cytotoxicity, and giving the chance to repopulate the tumor. The mechanism is complicated to administrate cellular protection, such as the enhancing ability against reactive oxygen species and altering energy metabolism, the important steps to survive. In this review, we discuss the possible mechanism for these specific cellular subsets to evade cancer treatment, and the possible impact to the following treatment courses. In addition, we also discuss the possibility that can overcome this obstacle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hung Chien
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 367 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Hsueh
- Department of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Ying Chuang
- Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kwang-Yu Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 367 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan. .,Department of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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18
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Jenke R, Reßing N, Hansen FK, Aigner A, Büch T. Anticancer Therapy with HDAC Inhibitors: Mechanism-Based Combination Strategies and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040634. [PMID: 33562653 PMCID: PMC7915831 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing knowledge of molecular drivers of tumorigenesis has fueled targeted cancer therapies based on specific inhibitors. Beyond "classic" oncogene inhibitors, epigenetic therapy is an emerging field. Epigenetic alterations can occur at any time during cancer progression, altering the structure of the chromatin, the accessibility for transcription factors and thus the transcription of genes. They rely on post-translational histone modifications, particularly the acetylation of histone lysine residues, and are determined by the inverse action of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). Importantly, HDACs are often aberrantly overexpressed, predominantly leading to the transcriptional repression of tumor suppressor genes. Thus, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) are powerful drugs, with some already approved for certain hematological cancers. Albeit HDACis show activity in solid tumors as well, further refinement and the development of novel drugs are needed. This review describes the capability of HDACis to influence various pathways and, based on this knowledge, gives a comprehensive overview of various preclinical and clinical studies on solid tumors. A particular focus is placed on strategies for achieving higher efficacy by combination therapies, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-EGFR inhibitors and hormone- or immunotherapy. This also includes new bifunctional inhibitors as well as novel approaches for HDAC degradation via PROteolysis-TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Jenke
- University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), University Hospital Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany;
- Correspondence: (R.J.); (A.A.); Tel.: +49-(0)341-97-24661 (A.A.)
| | - Nina Reßing
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Cell Biological Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, Rheinische Fried-rich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany; (N.R.); (F.K.H.)
| | - Finn K. Hansen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Cell Biological Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, Rheinische Fried-rich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany; (N.R.); (F.K.H.)
| | - Achim Aigner
- Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany;
- Correspondence: (R.J.); (A.A.); Tel.: +49-(0)341-97-24661 (A.A.)
| | - Thomas Büch
- Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany;
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19
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Wang SM, Lin WC, Lin HY, Chen YL, Ko CY, Wang JM. CCAAT/Enhancer-binding protein delta mediates glioma stem-like cell enrichment and ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCA1 activation for temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:8. [PMID: 33436575 PMCID: PMC7804954 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00399-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor and relapses after chemo- or radiotherapy in a short time. The anticancer drug temozolamide (TMZ) is commonly used for GBM treatment, but glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) often lead to drug resistance and therapeutic failure. To date, the mechanism of GSC formation in TMZ-treated GBM remains largely unknown. CCAAT/Enhancer-binding protein delta (CEBPD) is an inflammation-responsive transcription factor and is proposed to be oncogenic in the context of drug resistance, prompting us to clarify its role in TMZ-resistant GBM. In this study, we first found that the CEBPD protein levels in GBM patients were significantly increased and further contributed to TMZ resistance by promoting GSC formation. Accordingly, the protein levels of stemness transcription factors, namely, SRY-box transcription factor 2 (SOX2), octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4), NANOG, and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1), were increased in GSCs and TMZ-treated GBM cells. Increased binding of CEBPD to promoter regions was observed in GSCs, indicating the direct regulation of these GSC-related genes by CEBPD. In addition, an ABCA1 inhibitor increased the caspase 3/7 activity of TMZ-treated GSCs, suggesting that TMZ efflux is controlled by ABCA1 activity and that the expression levels of the ABCA1 gene are an indicator of the efficiency of TMZ treatment. Together, we revealed the mechanism of CEBPD-mediated GSC drug resistance and proposed ABCA1 inhibition as a potential strategy for the treatment of TMZ-resistant GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ming Wang
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH/DHHS, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.,Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Yi Lin
- Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Lin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Yuan Ko
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan. .,TMU Research Center of Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ju-Ming Wang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,International Research Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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20
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Khathayer F, Taylor MA, Ray SK. Synergism of 4HPR and SAHA increases anti-tumor actions in glioblastoma cells. Apoptosis 2021; 25:217-232. [PMID: 32006189 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-020-01590-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most malignant and prevalent brain tumor in adults. It can grow and spread quickly causing harm to the brain health. One of the major challenges in treatment of glioblastoma is drug resistance. Use of synergistic combination of two drugs with different anti-tumor effects is nowadays highly considered in the development of effective therapeutic strategies for many malignancies. In the present study, we showed synergistic therapeutic efficacies of two chemical compounds, N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide (4HPR) and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), for significant reduction in cell viability of rat C6 and human T98G glioblastoma cells. These compounds (4HPR and SAHA) were used alone or in synergistic combination for evaluating their various anti-tumor effects. The results showed that combination of 4HPR and SAHA significantly induced morphological and molecular features of astrocytic differentiation in C6 and T98G glioblastoma cells. Combination of 4HPR and SAHA proved to be an important therapeutic strategy for inhibiting cell growth and inducing differentiation in glioblastoma cells. Furthermore, combination of the two drugs showed more efficacies than either dug alone in reducing in vitro cell invasion (transwell assay), cell migration (wound healing assay), and angiogenesis (tube formation assay) due to down regulation of the molecules involved in these processes. The ultimate of goal of using this combination of drugs was induction of apoptosis. The results showed that these drugs in synergistic combination contributed highly to increases in morphological and molecular features of apoptotic death in the tumor cells. The results from molecular studies indicated that cell death occurred via activation of the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis in both C6 and T98G cells. The drugs in combination also contributed to dramatic inhibition of histone deacetylase 1, an important epigenetic player in promoting growth in glioblastoma cells. This novel combination of drugs should also be considered as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of glioblastoma in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas Khathayer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Road, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - Matthew A Taylor
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Road, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - Swapan K Ray
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Road, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA.
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21
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Yang WB, Hsu CC, Hsu TI, Liou JP, Chang KY, Chen PY, Liu JJ, Yang ST, Wang JY, Yeh SH, Chen RM, Chang WC, Chuang JY. Increased activation of HDAC1/2/6 and Sp1 underlies therapeutic resistance and tumor growth in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2020; 22:1439-1451. [PMID: 32328646 PMCID: PMC7566541 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is associated with poor prognosis and high mortality. Although the use of first-line temozolomide can reduce tumor growth, therapy-induced stress drives stem cells out of quiescence, leading to chemoresistance and glioblastoma recurrence. The specificity protein 1 (Sp1) transcription factor is known to protect glioblastoma cells against temozolomide; however, how tumor cells hijack this factor to gain resistance to therapy is not known. METHODS Sp1 acetylation in temozolomide-resistant cells and stemlike tumorspheres was analyzed by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting experiments. Effects of the histone deacetylase (HDAC)/Sp1 axis on malignant growth were examined using cell proliferation-related assays and in vivo experiments. Furthermore, integrative analysis of gene expression with chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and the recurrent glioblastoma omics data were also used to further determine the target genes of the HDAC/Sp1 axis. RESULTS We identified Sp1 as a novel substrate of HDAC6, and observed that the HDAC1/2/6/Sp1 pathway promotes self-renewal of malignancy by upregulating B cell-specific Mo-MLV integration site 1 (BMI1) and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), as well as by regulating G2/M progression and DNA repair via alteration of the transcription of various genes. Importantly, HDAC1/2/6/Sp1 activation is associated with poor clinical outcome in both glioblastoma and low-grade gliomas. However, treatment with azaindolyl sulfonamide, a potent HDAC6 inhibitor with partial efficacy against HDAC1/2, induced G2/M arrest and senescence in both temozolomide-resistant cells and stemlike tumorspheres. CONCLUSION Our study uncovers a previously unknown regulatory mechanism in which the HDAC6/Sp1 axis induces cell division and maintains the stem cell population to fuel tumor growth and therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Yang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Chia Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tsung-I Hsu
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ping Liou
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kwang-Yu Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Yuan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jr-Jiun Liu
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shung-Tai Yang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Yi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiu-Hwa Yeh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Ming Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Ying Chuang
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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22
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Chen R, Zhang M, Zhou Y, Guo W, Yi M, Zhang Z, Ding Y, Wang Y. The application of histone deacetylases inhibitors in glioblastoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:138. [PMID: 32682428 PMCID: PMC7368699 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01643-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The epigenetic abnormality is generally accepted as the key to cancer initiation. Epigenetics that ensure the somatic inheritance of differentiated state is defined as a crucial factor influencing malignant phenotype without altering genotype. Histone modification is one such alteration playing an essential role in tumor formation, progression, and resistance to treatment. Notably, changes in histone acetylation have been strongly linked to gene expression, cell cycle, and carcinogenesis. The balance of two types of enzyme, histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), determines the stage of histone acetylation and then the architecture of chromatin. Changes in chromatin structure result in transcriptional dysregulation of genes that are involved in cell-cycle progression, differentiation, apoptosis, and so on. Recently, HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) are identified as novel agents to keep this balance, leading to numerous researches on it for more effective strategies against cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM). This review elaborated influences on gene expression and tumorigenesis by acetylation and the antitumor mechanism of HDACis. Besdes, we outlined the preclinical and clinical advancement of HDACis in GBM as monotherapies and combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Mengxian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Yangmei Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wenjing Guo
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ziyan Zhang
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanpeng Ding
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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Reddy RG, Bhat UA, Chakravarty S, Kumar A. Advances in histone deacetylase inhibitors in targeting glioblastoma stem cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2020; 86:165-179. [PMID: 32638092 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04109-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a lethal grade IV glioma (WHO classification) and widely prevalent primary brain tumor in adults. GBM tumors harbor cellular heterogeneity with the presence of a small subpopulation of tumor cells, described as GBM cancer stem cells (CSCs) that pose resistance to standard anticancer regimens and eventually mediate aggressive relapse or intractable progressive GBM. Existing conventional anticancer therapies for GBM do not target GBM stem cells and are mostly palliative; therefore, exploration of new strategies to target stem cells of GBM has to be prioritized for the development of effective GBM therapy. Recent developments in the understanding of GBM pathophysiology demonstrated dysregulation of epigenetic mechanisms along with the genetic changes in GBM CSCs. Altered expression/activity of key epigenetic regulators, especially histone deacetylases (HDACs) in GBM stem cells has been associated with poor prognosis; inhibiting the activity of HDACs using histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) has been promising as mono-therapeutic in targeting GBM and in sensitizing GBM stem cells to an existing anticancer regimen. Here, we review the development of pan/selective HDACi as potential anticancer agents in targeting the stem cells of glioblastoma as a mono or combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gajendra Reddy
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Unis Ahmad Bhat
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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24
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Wang X, Zhou W, Li X, Ren J, Ji G, Du J, Tian W, Liu Q, Hao A. Graphene oxide suppresses the growth and malignancy of glioblastoma stem cell-like spheroids via epigenetic mechanisms. J Transl Med 2020; 18:200. [PMID: 32410622 PMCID: PMC7227195 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02359-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) are hypothesized to contribute to self-renewal and therapeutic resistance in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumors. Constituting only a small percentage of cancer cells, GSCs possess “stem-like”, tumor-initiating properties and display resistance to irradiation and chemotherapy. Thus, novel approaches that can be used to suppress GSCs are urgently needed. A new carbon material—graphene oxide (GO), has been reported to show potential for use in tumor therapy. However, the exact effect of GO on GSCs and the inherent mechanism underlying its action are not clear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the usefulness of GO to inhibit the growth and promote the differentiation of GSCs, so as to suppress the malignancy of GBM. Methods In vitro effects of GO on sphere-forming ability, cell proliferation and differentiation were evaluated in U87, U251 GSCs and primary GSCs. The changes in cell cycle and the level of epigenetic modification H3K27me3 were examined. GO was also tested in vivo against U87 GSCs in mouse subcutaneous xenograft models by evaluating tumor growth and histological features. Results We cultured GSCs to explore the effect of GO and the underlying mechanism of its action. We found, for the first time, that GO triggers the inhibition of cell proliferation and induces apoptotic cell death in GSCs. Moreover, GO could promote the differentiation of GSCs by decreasing the expression of stem cell markers (SOX2 and CD133) and increasing the expression of differentiation-related markers (GFAP and β-III tubulin). Mechanistically, we found that GO had a striking effect on GSCs by inducing cell cycle arrest and epigenetic regulation. GO decreased H3K27me3 levels, which are regulated by EZH2 and associated with transcriptional silencing, in the promoters of the differentiation-related genes GFAP and β-III tubulin, thereby enhancing GSC differentiation. In addition, compared with untreated GSCs, GO-treated GSCs that were injected into nude mice exhibited decreased tumor growth in vivo. Conclusion These results suggested that GO could promote differentiation and reduce malignancy in GSCs via an unanticipated epigenetic mechanism, which further demonstrated that GO is a potent anti-GBM agent that could be useful for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xian Li
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Guangyu Ji
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jingyi Du
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Wenyu Tian
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Aijun Hao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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25
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Lo WL, Hsu TI, Yang WB, Kao TJ, Wu MH, Huang YN, Yeh SH, Chuang JY. Betulinic Acid-Mediated Tuning of PERK/CHOP Signaling by Sp1 Inhibition as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040981. [PMID: 32326583 PMCID: PMC7226172 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with glioblastoma are at high risk of local recurrences after initial treatment with standard therapy, and recurrent tumor cells appear to be resistant to first-line drug temozolomide. Thus, finding an effective second-line agent for treating primary and recurrent glioblastomas is critical. Betulinic acid (BA), a natural product of plant origin, can cross the blood-brain barrier. Here, we investigated the antitumor effects of BA on typical glioblastoma cell lines and primary glioblastoma cells from patients, as well as corresponding temozolomide-resistant cells. Our findings verified that BA significantly reduced growth in all examined cells. Furthermore, gene-expression array analysis showed that the unfolded-protein response was significantly affected by BA. Moreover, BA treatment increased activation of the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)/C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) apoptotic pathway, and reduced specificity protein 1 (Sp1) expression. However, Sp1 overexpression reversed the observed cell-growth inhibition and PERK/CHOP signaling activation induced by BA. Because temozolomide-resistant cells exhibited significantly increased Sp1 expression, we concluded that Sp1-mediated PERK/CHOP signaling inhibition protects glioblastoma against cancer therapies; hence, BA treatment targeting this pathway can be considered as an effective therapeutic strategy to overcome such chemoresistance and tumor relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lun Lo
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (W.-L.L.); (T.-I.H.); (W.-B.Y.); (T.-J.K.); (Y.-N.H.)
- Division of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang-Ho Hospital, New Taipei 23561, Taiwan;
| | - Tsung-I Hsu
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (W.-L.L.); (T.-I.H.); (W.-B.Y.); (T.-J.K.); (Y.-N.H.)
- TMU Research Center of Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Bin Yang
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (W.-L.L.); (T.-I.H.); (W.-B.Y.); (T.-J.K.); (Y.-N.H.)
| | - Tzu-Jen Kao
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (W.-L.L.); (T.-I.H.); (W.-B.Y.); (T.-J.K.); (Y.-N.H.)
- TMU Research Center of Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsiao Wu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang-Ho Hospital, New Taipei 23561, Taiwan;
| | - Yung-Ning Huang
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (W.-L.L.); (T.-I.H.); (W.-B.Y.); (T.-J.K.); (Y.-N.H.)
| | - Shiu-Hwa Yeh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan;
| | - Jian-Ying Chuang
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (W.-L.L.); (T.-I.H.); (W.-B.Y.); (T.-J.K.); (Y.-N.H.)
- TMU Research Center of Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 7623)
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Miranda Furtado CL, Dos Santos Luciano MC, Silva Santos RD, Furtado GP, Moraes MO, Pessoa C. Epidrugs: targeting epigenetic marks in cancer treatment. Epigenetics 2019; 14:1164-1176. [PMID: 31282279 PMCID: PMC6791710 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1640546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that aberrant epigenetic regulation of gene function is strongly related to the genesis of cancer. Unlike genetic mutations, the ability to reprogram the epigenetic landscape in the cancer epigenome is one of the most promising target therapies in both treatment and reversibility of drug resistance. Epigenetic alterations in cancer development and progression may be the basis for the individual variation in drug response. Thus, this review focuses on the emerging area of pharmaco(epi)genomics, specifically highlighting epigenetic reprogramming during tumorigenesis and how epigenetic markers are targeted as a therapy (epidrugs) and the clinical implications of this for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Renan Da Silva Santos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Manoel Odorico Moraes
- Department of Surgery, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Claudia Pessoa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
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27
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Interference with the bromodomain epigenome readers drives p21 expression and tumor senescence. Cancer Lett 2019; 461:10-20. [PMID: 31265875 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNSCC) are one of the most common solid malignancies of the world, being responsible for over 350,000 deaths every year. Much of the complications in managing and treating HNSCC advent from the complex genetic and epigenetic landscape of the disease. Emerging information has shown promising results in targeting BRD4, an epigenetic regulator bromodomain that functions as a scaffold for transcription factors at promoters and super-enhancers. Here we show that by disrupting the interaction between BRD4 and histones using the bromodomain inhibitor JQ1, HNSCC cells undergo cell growth arrest followed by cellular senescence. Mechanistically, JQ1 negatively impacted the phosphorylation levels of SIRT1 along with the acetylation levels of mutant p53 (active). In vivo administration of JQ1 resulted in disruption of HNSCC growth along with the activation of cellular senescence, observed by the accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks, p16ink4, accumulation of senescence-associated beta-galactosidase, and loss of phosphorylated Sirt1ser47. Furthermore, we also demonstrate that JQ1 was efficient in reducing the population of cancer stem cells from HNSCC xenografts.
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28
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Gonçalves RM, Agnes JP, Delgobo M, de Souza PO, Thomé MP, Heimfarth L, Lenz G, Moreira JCF, Zanotto-Filho A. Late autophagy inhibitor chloroquine improves efficacy of the histone deacetylase inhibitor SAHA and temozolomide in gliomas. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 163:440-450. [PMID: 30878553 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive type of primary brain tumor associated with few therapeutic opportunities and poor prognosis. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of combining temozolomide (TMZ) with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) - a specific histone deacetylases inhibitor - in glioma models in vitro and in vivo. In glioma cell lines, combined TMZ/SAHA promoted more cytotoxicity, G2/M arrest and apoptosis than either drugs alone. G2/M arrest was detected as soon as 24 h post drug exposure and preceded apoptosis, which occurred from 72 h treatment. TMZ and SAHA, alone or combined, also stimulated autophagy as evaluated by means of acridine orange staining and immunodetection of LC3I-II conversion and p62/SQSTM1 degradation. Time-course of autophagy accompanied G2/M arrest and preceded apoptosis, and blockage of late steps of autophagy with chloroquine (CQ) augmented SAHA/TMZ toxicity leading to apoptosis. In orthotopic gliomas in vivo, combined SAHA/TMZ showed better antitumor efficacy than either drugs alone, and adding CQ to the regimen improved antiglioma effects of SAHA and TMZ monotherapies without further benefit on combined SAHA/TMZ. In summary, the herein presented data suggest that autophagy acts as a protective response that impairs efficacy of SAHA and TMZ. Inhibiting autophagy termination with CQ may offer means to improve antitumor effects of SAHA and TMZ in gliomas and possibly other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosângela Mayer Gonçalves
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jonathan Paulo Agnes
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Marina Delgobo
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos P Thomé
- Departamento de Biofísica and Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luana Heimfarth
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guido Lenz
- Departamento de Biofísica and Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Alfeu Zanotto-Filho
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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29
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Molecular imaging HDACs class IIa expression-activity and pharmacologic inhibition in intracerebral glioma models in rats using PET/CT/(MRI) with [ 18F]TFAHA. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3595. [PMID: 30837601 PMCID: PMC6401080 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40054-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
HDAC class IIa enzymes (HDAC4, 5, 7, 9) are important for glioma progression, invasion, responses to TMZ and radiotherapy, and prognosis. In this study, we demonstrated the efficacy of PET/CT/(MRI) with [18F]TFAHA for non-invasive and quantitative imaging of HDAC class IIa expression-activity in intracerebral 9L and U87-MG gliomas in rats. Increased accumulation of [18F]TFAHA in 9L and U87-MG tumors was observed at 20 min post radiotracer administration with SUV of 1.45 ± 0.05 and 1.08 ± 0.05, respectively, and tumor-to-cortex SUV ratios of 1.74 ± 0.07 and 1.44 ± 0.03, respectively. [18F]TFAHA accumulation was also observed in normal brain structures known to overexpress HDACs class IIa: hippocampus, n.accumbens, PAG, and cerebellum. These results were confirmed by immunohistochemical staining of brain tissue sections revealing the upregulation of HDACs 4, 5, and 9, and HIF-1α, hypoacetylation of H2AK5ac, H2BK5ac, H3K9ac, H4K8ac, and downregulation of KLF4. Significant reduction in [18F]TFAHA accumulation in 9L tumors was observed after administration of HDACs class IIa specific inhibitor MC1568, but not the SIRT1 specific inhibitor EX-527. Thus, PET/CT/(MRI) with [18F]TFAHA can facilitate studies to elucidate the roles of HDAC class IIa enzymes in gliomagenesis and progression and to optimize therapeutic doses of novel HDACs class IIa inhibitors in gliomas.
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Festuccia C, Mancini A, Colapietro A, Gravina GL, Vitale F, Marampon F, Delle Monache S, Pompili S, Cristiano L, Vetuschi A, Tombolini V, Chen Y, Mehrling T. The first-in-class alkylating deacetylase inhibitor molecule tinostamustine shows antitumor effects and is synergistic with radiotherapy in preclinical models of glioblastoma. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:32. [PMID: 29486795 PMCID: PMC5830080 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0576-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of alkylating agents such as temozolomide in association with radiotherapy (RT) is the therapeutic standard of glioblastoma (GBM). This regimen modestly prolongs overall survival, also if, in light of the still dismal prognosis, further improvements are desperately needed, especially in the patients with O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) unmethylated tumors, in which the benefit of standard treatment is less. Tinostamustine (EDO-S101) is a first-in-class alkylating deacetylase inhibitor (AK-DACi) molecule that fuses the DNA damaging effect of bendamustine with the fully functional pan-histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, vorinostat, in a completely new chemical entity. Methods Tinostamustine has been tested in models of GBM by using 13 GBM cell lines and seven patient-derived GBM proliferating/stem cell lines in vitro. U87MG and U251MG (MGMT negative), as well as T98G (MGMT positive), were subcutaneously injected in nude mice, whereas luciferase positive U251MG cells and patient-derived GBM stem cell line (CSCs-5) were evaluated the orthotopic intra-brain in vivo experiments. Results We demonstrated that tinostamustine possesses stronger antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects than those observed for vorinostat and bendamustine alone and similar to their combination and irrespective of MGMT expression. In addition, we observed a stronger radio-sensitization of single treatment and temozolomide used as control due to reduced expression and increased time of disappearance of γH2AX indicative of reduced signal and DNA repair. This was associated with higher caspase-3 activation and reduction of RT-mediated autophagy. In vivo, tinostamustine increased time-to-progression (TTP) and this was additive/synergistic to RT. Tinostamustine had significant therapeutic activity with suppression of tumor growth and prolongation of DFS (disease-free survival) and OS (overall survival) in orthotopic intra-brain models that was superior to bendamustine, RT and temozolomide and showing stronger radio sensitivity. Conclusions Our data suggest that tinostamustine deserves further investigation in patients with glioblastoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13045-018-0576-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Festuccia
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Andrea Mancini
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessandro Colapietro
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luca Gravina
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,Division of Radiotherapy, Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Flora Vitale
- Division of Neurosciences, Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesco Marampon
- Division of Radiotherapy, Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Simona Delle Monache
- Division of Applied Biology, Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Simona Pompili
- Division of Human Anatomy, Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Loredana Cristiano
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonella Vetuschi
- Division of Human Anatomy, Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tombolini
- Division of Radiotherapy, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Yi Chen
- Northlake International LLC, Pleasanton, CA, USA
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Chang KY, Hsu TI, Hsu CC, Tsai SY, Liu JJ, Chou SW, Liu MS, Liou JP, Ko CY, Chen KY, Hung JJ, Chang WC, Chuang CK, Kao TJ, Chuang JY. Specificity protein 1-modulated superoxide dismutase 2 enhances temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma, which is independent of O 6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase. Redox Biol 2017; 13:655-664. [PMID: 28822335 PMCID: PMC5561972 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of temozolomide (TMZ) resistance is a major factor leading to the failure of glioblastoma (GBM) treatment. The exact mechanism by which GBM evades TMZ toxicity is not always related to the expression of the DNA repair enzyme O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), and so remains unclear. In this study, TMZ-resistant variants derived from MGMT-negative GBM clinical samples and cell lines were studied, revealing there to be increased specificity protein 1 (Sp1) expression associated with reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation following TMZ treatment. Analysis of gene expression databases along with cell studies identified the ROS scavenger superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) as being disease-related. SOD2 expression was also increased, and it was found to be co-expressed with Sp1 in TMZ-resistant cells. Investigation of the SOD2 promoter revealed Sp1 as a critical transcriptional activator that enhances SOD2 gene expression. Co-treatment with an Sp1 inhibitor restored the inhibitory effects of TMZ, and decreased SOD2 levels in TMZ-resistant cells. This treatment strategy restored susceptibility to TMZ in xenograft animals, leading to prolonged survival in an orthotopic model. Thus, our results suggest that Sp1 modulates ROS scavengers as a novel mechanism to increase cancer malignancy and resistance to chemotherapy. Inhibition of this pathway may represent a potential therapeutic target for restoring treatment susceptibility in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Yu Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-I Hsu
- Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Che-Chia Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, USA
| | | | - Jr-Jiun Liu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan; The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Wen Chou
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Sheng Liu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan
| | | | - Chiung-Yuan Ko
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yun Chen
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Jong Hung
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Keng Chuang
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Jen Kao
- Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.
| | - Jian-Ying Chuang
- Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.
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