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Kislova AV, Zheglo D, Pozhitnova VO, Sviridov PS, Gadzhieva EP, Voronina ES. Replication stress causes delayed mitotic entry and chromosome 12 fragility at the ANKS1B large neuronal gene in human induced pluripotent stem cells. Chromosome Res 2023; 31:23. [PMID: 37597021 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-023-09729-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Substantial background level of replication stress is a feature of embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which can predispose to numerical and structural chromosomal instability, including recurrent aberrations of chromosome 12. In differentiated cells, replication stress-sensitive genomic regions, including common fragile sites, are widely mapped through mitotic chromosome break induction by mild aphidicolin treatment, an inhibitor of replicative polymerases. IPSCs exhibit lower apoptotic threshold and higher repair capacity hindering fragile site mapping. Caffeine potentiates genotoxic effects and abrogates G2/M checkpoint delay induced by chemical and physical mutagens. Using 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) for replication labeling, we characterized the mitotic entry dynamics of asynchronous iPSCs exposed to aphidicolin and/or caffeine. Under the adjusted timing of replication stress exposure accounting revealed cell cycle delay, higher metaphase chromosome breakage rate was observed in iPSCs compared to primary lymphocytes. Using differential chromosome staining and subsequent locus-specific fluorescent in situ hybridization, we mapped the FRA12L fragile site spanning the large neuronal ANKS1B gene at 12q23.1, which may contribute to recurrent chromosome 12 missegregation and rearrangements in iPSCs. Publicly available data on the ANKS1B genetic alterations and their possible functional impact are reviewed. Our study provides the first evidence of common fragile site induction in iPSCs and reveals potential somatic instability of a clinically relevant gene during early human development and in vitro cell expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Zheglo
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia.
| | | | - Philipp S Sviridov
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elmira P Gadzhieva
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
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Chang CC, Jiang SS, Tsai FY, Hsu PJ, Hsieh CC, Wang LT, Yen ML, Yen BL. Targeting Conserved Pathways in 3D Spheroid Formation of Diverse Cell Types for Translational Application: Enhanced Functional and Antioxidant Capacity. Cells 2023; 12:2050. [PMID: 37626861 PMCID: PMC10453086 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro spheroid/organoid culture increasingly appears to better mimic physiological states than standard 2D systems. The biological consequence of 3D spheroids, however, differs for different cell types: for pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs), differentiation and loss of stemness occur, while the converse is true for somatic and cancer cells. Despite such diverse consequences, there are likely conserved mechanisms governing 3D spheroid formation across cell types that are unknown but could be efficiently targeted for translational application. To elucidate such processes, we performed transcriptome analysis with functional validation on 2D- and 3D-cultured mouse ESCs, mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), and cancer cells. At both the transcriptomic and functional levels, 3D spheroid formation resulted in commitment towards known cell-specific functional outcomes. Surprisingly in all cell types, downregulation of the cholesterol synthesis pathway was found during 3D spheroid formation, with modulation concomitantly affecting 3D spheroid formation and cell-specific consequences; similar results were seen with human cell types. Furthermore, improved antioxidant capacity after 3D spheroid formation across cell types was further enhanced with modulation of the pathway. These findings demonstrate the profound cell-specific consequences and the translational value of understanding conserved mechanisms across diverse cell types after 3D spheroid formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chi Chang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center (NDMC), Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular & System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan 350, Taiwan
| | | | - Fang-Yu Tsai
- National Institute of Cancer Research, NHRI, Zhunan 350, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ju Hsu
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular & System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan 350, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chan Hsieh
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular & System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan 350, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, National Taiwan University (NTU) Hospital & College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Men-Luh Yen
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, National Taiwan University (NTU) Hospital & College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - B. Linju Yen
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center (NDMC), Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular & System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan 350, Taiwan
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3
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Opportunities and Challenges of Human IPSC Technology in Kidney Disease Research. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123232. [PMID: 36551987 PMCID: PMC9775669 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), since their discovery in 2007, open a broad array of opportunities for research and potential therapeutic uses. The substantial progress in iPSC reprogramming, maintenance, differentiation, and characterization technologies since then has supported their applications from disease modeling and preclinical experimental platforms to the initiation of cell therapies. In this review, we started with a background introduction about stem cells and the discovery of iPSCs, examined the developing technologies in reprogramming and characterization, and provided the updated list of stem cell biobanks. We highlighted several important iPSC-based research including that on autosomal dominant kidney disease and SARS-CoV-2 kidney involvement and discussed challenges and future perspectives.
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Tsai NW, Lin CC, Yeh TY, Chiu YA, Chiu HH, Huang HP, Hsieh ST. An induced pluripotent stem cell-based model identifies molecular targets of vincristine neurotoxicity. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049471. [PMID: 36518084 PMCID: PMC10655812 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
To model peripheral nerve degeneration and investigate molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration, we established a cell system of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived sensory neurons exposed to vincristine, a drug that frequently causes chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Sensory neurons differentiated from iPSCs exhibit distinct neurochemical patterns according to the immunocytochemical phenotypes, and gene expression of peripherin (PRPH, hereafter referred to as Peri) and neurofilament heavy chain (NEFH, hereafter referred to as NF). The majority of iPSC-derived sensory neurons were PRPH positive/NEFH negative, i.e. Peri(+)/NF(-) neurons, whose somata were smaller than those of Peri(+)/NF(+) neurons. On exposure to vincristine, projections from the cell body of a neuron, i.e. neurites, were degenerated quicker than somata, the lethal concentration to kill 50% (LC50) of neurites being below the LC50 for somata, consistent with the clinical pattern of length-dependent neuropathy. We then examined the molecular expression in the MAP kinase signaling pathways of, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (MAPK1/3, hereafter referred to as ERK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK11/12/13/14, hereafter referred to as p38) and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (MAPK8/9/10, hereafter referred to as JNK). Regarding these three cascades, only phosphorylation of JNK was upregulated but not that of p38 or ERK1/2. Furthermore, vincristine-treatment resulted in impaired autophagy and reduced autophagic flux. Rapamycin-treatment reversed the effect of impaired autophagy and JNK activation. These results not only established a platform to study peripheral degeneration of human neurons but also provide molecular mechanisms for neurodegeneration with the potential for therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neng-Wei Tsai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chen Lin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ti-Yen Yeh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yu-An Chiu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hui Chiu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Po Huang
- Department of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Tsang Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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Nicholson MW, Huang CY, Wang JY, Ting CY, Cheng YC, Chan DZH, Lee YC, Hsu CC, Hsu YH, Chang CMC, Hsieh ML, Cheng YY, Lin YL, Chen CH, Wu YT, Hacker TA, Wu JC, Kamp TJ, Hsieh PCH. Cardio- and Neurotoxicity of Selected Anti-COVID-19 Drugs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060765. [PMID: 35745684 PMCID: PMC9231250 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Since December 2019, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has infected ~435 million people and caused ~6 million related deaths as of March 2022. To combat COVID-19, there have been many attempts to repurpose FDA-approved drugs or revive old drugs. However, many of the current treatment options have been known to cause adverse drug reactions. We employed a population-based drug screening platform using 13 human leukocyte antigen (HLA) homozygous human induced pluripotent cell (iPSC) lines to assess the cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity of the first line of anti-COVID-19 drugs. We also infected iPSC-derived cells to understand the viral infection of cardiomyocytes and neurons. We found that iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes express the ACE2 receptor which correlated with a higher infection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (r = 0.86). However, we were unable to detect ACE2 expression in neurons which correlated with a low infection rate. We then assessed the toxicity of anti-COVID-19 drugs and identified two cardiotoxic compounds (remdesivir and arbidol) and four neurotoxic compounds (arbidol, remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, and chloroquine). These data show that this platform can quickly and easily be employed to further our understanding of cell-specific infection and identify drug toxicity of potential treatment options helping clinicians better decide on treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ching-Ying Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Jyun-Yuan Wang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Ting
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Che Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Darien Z H Chan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chan Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chuan Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hung Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Cindy M C Chang
- Cardiovascular Physiology Core Facility, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Marvin L Hsieh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Physiology Core Facility, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Yuan-Yuan Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsiun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ta Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Timothy A Hacker
- Cardiovascular Physiology Core Facility, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Timothy J Kamp
- Department of Medicine and Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Patrick C H Hsieh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine and Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Huang CY, Nicholson MW, Wang JY, Ting CY, Tsai MH, Cheng YC, Liu CL, Chan DZH, Lee YC, Hsu CC, Hsu YH, Yang CF, Chang CMC, Ruan SC, Lin PJ, Lin JH, Chen LL, Hsieh ML, Cheng YY, Hsu WT, Lin YL, Chen CH, Hsu YH, Wu YT, Hacker TA, Wu JC, Kamp TJ, Hsieh PCH. Population-based high-throughput toxicity screen of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and neurons. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110643. [PMID: 35385754 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we establish a population-based human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) drug screening platform for toxicity assessment. After recruiting 1,000 healthy donors and screening for high-frequency human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes, we identify 13 HLA-homozygous "super donors" to represent the population. These "super donors" are also expected to represent at least 477,611,135 of the global population. By differentiating these representative hiPSCs into cardiomyocytes and neurons we show their utility in a high-throughput toxicity screen. To validate hit compounds, we demonstrate dose-dependent toxicity of the hit compounds and assess functional modulation. We also show reproducible in vivo drug toxicity results using mouse models with select hit compounds. This study shows the feasibility of using a population-based hiPSC drug screening platform to assess cytotoxicity, which can be used as an innovative tool to study inter-population differences in drug toxicity and adverse drug reactions in drug discovery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Ying Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | | | - Jyun Yuan Wang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chien Yu Ting
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ming Heng Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu Che Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chun Lin Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Darien Z H Chan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yi Chan Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ching Chuan Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu Hung Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chiou Fong Yang
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Cindy M C Chang
- Cardiovascular Physiology Core Facility, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Shu Chian Ruan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Po Ju Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Jen Hao Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Li Lun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Marvin L Hsieh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Physiology Core Facility, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Yuan Yuan Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Wan Tseng Hsu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yi Ling Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chien Hsiun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu Hsiang Hsu
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ying Ta Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Timothy A Hacker
- Cardiovascular Physiology Core Facility, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Timothy J Kamp
- Department of Medicine and Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Patrick C H Hsieh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Department of Medicine and Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics and Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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7
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Yamamoto T, Sato Y, Yasuda S, Shikamura M, Tamura T, Takenaka C, Takasu N, Nomura M, Dohi H, Takahashi M, Mandai M, Kanemura Y, Nakamura M, Okano H, Kawamata S. OUP accepted manuscript. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:527-538. [PMID: 35445254 PMCID: PMC9154342 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derivatives may result in abnormal tissue generation because the cells undergo numerous cycles of mitosis before clinical application, potentially increasing the accumulation of genetic abnormalities. Therefore, genetic tests may predict abnormal tissue formation after transplantation. Here, we administered iPSC derivatives with or without single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and deletions in cancer-related genes with various genomic copy number variant (CNV) profiles into immunodeficient mice and examined the relationships between mutations and abnormal tissue formation after transplantation. No positive correlations were found between the presence of SNVs/deletions and the formation of abnormal tissues; the overall predictivity was 29%. However, a copy number higher than 3 was correlated, with an overall predictivity of 86%. Furthermore, we found CNV hotspots at 14q32.33 and 17q12 loci. Thus, CNV analysis may predict abnormal tissue formation after transplantation of iPSC derivatives and reduce the number of tumorigenicity tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Yamamoto
- R&D Center for Cell Therapy, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoji Sato
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shikamura
- R&D Center for Cell Therapy, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takashi Tamura
- R&D Center for Cell Therapy, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Chiemi Takenaka
- R&D Center for Cell Therapy, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yonehiro Kanemura
- Department of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Kawamata
- R&D Center for Cell Therapy, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan
- Riken BDR, Kobe, Japan
- Corresponding author: Shin Kawamata, Minatojima-minamimachi 1-5-4, Chuo-ku Kobe, 650-0047 Japan.
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