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Dou D, Bi M, Li X, Zhang N, Xu M, Guo A, Li F, Zhu W. ADP Ribosylation Factor 6 Relieves Airway Inflammation and Remodeling by Inhibiting Ovalbumin Induced-Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in Experimental Asthma, Possibly by Regulating of E2F Transcription Factor 8. Immunol Invest 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37326141 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2023.2222778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood asthma is a major global health concern. ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) is a low-molecular-weight GTPase; however, its role in childhood asthma remains unclear. METHODS Ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged neonatal mice and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced BEAS-2B cells were used as in vivo and in vitro models of childhood asthma, respectively. RESULTS Upon OVA stimulation, ARF6 expression was upregulated in the lung tissue. Neonatal mice administered SehinH3 (an ARF6 inhibitor) exhibited improved pulmonary pathological injury, along with reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in the lungs and cytokine release in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid and serum (interleukin [IL]-3, IL-5, IL-13, IgE, and OVA-specific IgE). SehinH3 treatment restrained epithelial - mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the lungs of asthmatic mice, as evidenced by increased E-cadherin and decreased N-cadherin and α-smooth muscle actin expression. Different TGF-β1 exposures to BEAS-2B cells induced a time- and dose-dependent increase in ARF6 expression in vitro. Upon TGF-β1 stimulation, ARF6 knockdown repressed EMT and SehinH3 treatment caused similar results in BEAS-2B cells. The transcription factor E2F8 is involved in diverse biological functions and its increased expression was confirmed in vivo and in vitro. Dual-luciferase assays confirmed that E2F8 binds to the ARF6 promoter and promotes its transcriptional activity. In vitro results revealed that E2F8 silencing suppressed EMT, whereas rescue experiments showed that ARF6 overexpression partly reversed these phenomena. CONCLUSION Our study showed that ARF6 is associated with childhood asthma progression and may be positively regulated by E2F8. These results provide insight into the pathogenesis and treatment of childhood asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Dou
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Meirong Bi
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiuyun Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mi Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Aili Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Zheng Z, Li J, Cui Y, Wang W, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Bai Y, Ying S, Gao J. IRAK-M Regulates Proliferative and Invasive Phenotypes of Lung Fibroblasts. Inflammation 2023; 46:763-778. [PMID: 36577924 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01772-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lung fibroblasts play an important role in subepithelial fibrosis, one feature for airway remodeling. IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK)-M was shown to involve fibrosis formation in airways and lung through regulation of inflammatory responses. IRAK-M is expressed by lung fibroblasts, whether IRAK-M has direct impact on lung fibroblasts remains unclear. In this investigation, we evaluated in vitro effect of IRAK-M on phenotypes of lung fibroblasts by silencing or overexpressing IRAK-M. Murine lung fibroblasts (MLg) were stimulated with house dust mite (HDM), IL-33, and transforming growth factor (TGF) β1. Techniques of small interfering RNA or expression plasmid were employed to silence or overexpress IRAK-M in MLg fibroblast cells. Proliferation, migration, invasiveness, and fibrosis-related events were evaluated. Significant upregulation of IRAK-M expression in MLg cells was caused by these stimuli. Silencing IRAK-M significantly increased proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of lung fibroblasts regardless of stimulating conditions. By contrast, IRAK-M overexpression significantly inhibited proliferation and motility of MLg lung fibroblasts. IRAK-M overexpression also significantly decreased the expression of fibronectin, collagen I, and α-SMA in MLg cells. Under stimulation with TGFβ1 or IL-33, IRAK-M silencing reduced MMP9 production, while IRAK-M overexpression increased MMP9 production. Modulation of IRAK-M expression affected cytokines production, either decreased or increased expression of TNFα and CXCL10 by the cells regardless of stimulation. Our in vitro data reveal that IRAK-M directly impacts on lung fibroblasts through modulation of cellular motility, release of inflammatory, and fibrotic cytokines of lung fibroblasts. These might suggest a new target by regulation of IRAK-M in slowing airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoude Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dongcheng District, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, #1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dongcheng District, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, #1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ye Cui
- Department of Immunology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Immunology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Mingqiang Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dongcheng District, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, #1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Youming Zhang
- Section of Genomic and Environmental Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Yan Bai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sun Ying
- Department of Immunology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jinming Gao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dongcheng District, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, #1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Yang Y, Sun Z, Ren T, Lei W. Differential Expression of lncRNA CASC2 in the Serum of Childhood Asthma and Its Role in Airway Smooth Muscle Cells Proliferation and Migration. J Asthma Allergy 2022; 15:197-207. [PMID: 35185342 PMCID: PMC8847142 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s337236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yane Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi‘an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi‘an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhihong Sun, Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi‘an Medical University, 167 Fang Dong Street, Xi’an, 710038, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-2983553606, Email
| | - Tingting Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi‘an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang ‘an District Hospital, Xi‘an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
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Okoloko O, Vanderwall ER, Rich LM, White MP, Reeves SR, Harrington WE, Barrow KA, Debley JS. Effect of Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme Inhibitor and Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist Treatment on ACE2 Expression and SARS-CoV-2 Replication in Primary Airway Epithelial Cells. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:765951. [PMID: 34867390 PMCID: PMC8641911 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.765951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: SARS-CoV-2 gains entrance to airway epithelial cells (AECs) through binding of the viral spike protein to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on the cell surface. However, ACE2 also converts angiotensin II into angiotensin-(1-7) and counterbalances the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, with resultant protective effects in the cardiovascular system. Some data suggest that two common antihypertension medications (angiotensin II receptor antagonists, ARBs; and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, ACEIs) may increase ACE2 expression in heart and kidney cells, fueling debate about how these widely used medications may modulate SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and risk of COVID-19. Aim: Determine whether exposure of bronchial AECs to the ARB losartan or the ACEI captopril modulate expression of ACE2 by AECs, SARS CoV2 replication, or expression of proinflammatory cytokines and type I and III interferon (IFN) responses. Methods: Primary bronchial AECs from children and adults (n = 19; Ages 8-75 yrs) were differentiated ex vivo at an air-liquid interface to generate organotypic cultures. Cultures were treated with captopril (1 μM) or losartan (2 μM) with culture media changes starting 72 h before infection with SARS-CoV-2. In a biosafety level 3 (BSL-3) facility, cultures were infected with SARS-CoV-2 isolate USA-WA1/2020 at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.5. At 96 h following infection, RNA and protein were isolated. SARS-CoV-2 replication in cultures was assessed with quantitative PCR (qPCR). ACE2, IL-6, IL-1B, IFNB1, and IFNL2 expression were assessed by qPCR. Results: Neither captopril nor losartan treatment significantly changed ACE2, IL-6, IL-1B, IFNB1, or IFNL2 expression by AECs as compared to SARS-CoV-2 infected AEC cultures without captopril or losartan treatment. At 96 h following infection, SARS-CoV-2 copy number/ng RNA was not significantly different between untreated AEC cultures, cultures treated with captopril, or cultures treated with losartan. Conclusion: These findings suggest that at the level of the airway epithelium neither the ACEI captopril or ARB losartan significantly modify expression of the SARS-CoV-2 entry factor ACE2, nor does either medication increase replication SARS-CoV-2 replication. This ex vivo data is reassuring and is consistent with evolving clinical data suggesting ACEIs and ARBs do not increase the risk for poor prognosis with COVID-19 and may actually reduce the risk of COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oghenemega Okoloko
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Elizabeth R. Vanderwall
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Lucille M. Rich
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Maria P. White
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Stephen R. Reeves
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Whitney E. Harrington
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kaitlyn A. Barrow
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jason S. Debley
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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5
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Jaulin N, Idrus RH, Saim A, Wan-Ibrahim WI, Abdul-Rahman PS, Lokanathan Y. Airway Fibroblast Secretory Products Enhance Cell Migration. CURR PROTEOMICS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570164618666210823094105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The nasal fibroblast secretome, which includes various cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, promotes cell migration. Currently, the proteomics of airway fibroblast (AF) conditioned medium (AFCM) are being actively studied.
Objective:
This study was aimed at profiling and identifying the AF secreted proteins that can enhance wound healing of the airway epithelium and predict the potential pathway involved.
Methods:
Airway epithelial cells (AECs) and AFs were isolated from redundant human nasal turbinate and cultured. AFCM was collected by culturing the AFs either with serum-free airway epithelium basal medium (AECM) or with serum-free F12:DMEM (FDCM). For evaluating cell migration, the AECs were supplemented with airway epithelium medium and defined keratinocyte medium (1:1; AEDK; control), or with AEDK supplemented with 20% AECM or 20% FDCM. The mass spectrometry sample was prepared by protein precipitation, followed by gel electrophoresis and in-gel digestion.
Results :
AECM promoted better cell migration compared to the FDCM and the control medium. Bioinformatics analysis identified a total of 121, and 92 proteins from AECM and FDCM, respectively: 109 and 82 were identified as secreted proteins, respectively. STRING® analysis predicted that 23 proteins from the AECM and 16 proteins from the FDCM are involved in wound healing.
Conclusion:
Conditioned medium promotes wound healing by enhancing cell migration, and we successfully identified various secretory proteins in a conditioned medium that play important roles in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nundisa Jaulin
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ruszymah Hj Idrus
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Aminuddin Saim
- Ear, Nose and Throat Consultant Clinic, KPJ Ampang Puteri Specialist Hospital, Ampang, Malaysia
| | - Wan Izlina Wan-Ibrahim
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Puteri Shafinaz Abdul-Rahman
- Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Central Research Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yogeswaran Lokanathan
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Baldassi D, Gabold B, Merkel O. Air-liquid interface cultures of the healthy and diseased human respiratory tract: promises, challenges and future directions. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021; 1:2000111. [PMID: 34345878 PMCID: PMC7611446 DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Air-liquid interface (ALI) culture models currently represent a valid instrument to recreate the typical aspects of the respiratory tract in vitro in both healthy and diseased state. They can help reducing the number of animal experiments, therefore, supporting the 3R principle. This review discusses ALI cultures and co-cultures derived from immortalized as well as primary cells, which are used to study the most common disorders of the respiratory tract, in terms of both pathophysiology and drug screening. The article displays ALI models used to simulate inflammatory lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, cystic fibrosis, lung cancer, and viral infections. It also includes a focus on ALI cultures described in literature studying respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 causing the global Covid-19 pandemic at the time of writing this review. Additionally, commercially available models of ALI cultures are presented. Ultimately, the aim of this review is to provide a detailed overview of ALI models currently available and to critically discuss them in the context of the most prevalent diseases of the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domizia Baldassi
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, LMU Munich Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Gabold
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, LMU Munich Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Olivia Merkel
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, LMU Munich Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
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7
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Paw M, Wnuk D, Jakieła B, Bochenek G, Sładek K, Madeja Z, Michalik M. Responsiveness of human bronchial fibroblasts and epithelial cells from asthmatic and non-asthmatic donors to the transforming growth factor-β 1 in epithelial-mesenchymal trophic unit model. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:19. [PMID: 33711932 PMCID: PMC7953709 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-021-00356-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The asthma-related airway wall remodeling is associated i.a. with a damage of bronchial epithelium and subepithelial fibrosis. Functional interactions between human bronchial epithelial cells and human bronchial fibroblasts are known as the epithelial-mesenchymal trophic unit (EMTU) and are necessary for a proper functioning of lung tissue. However, a high concentration of the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the asthmatic bronchi drives the structural disintegrity of epithelium with the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of the bronchial epithelial cells, and of subepithelial fibrosis with the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition (FMT) of the bronchial fibroblasts. Since previous reports indicate different intrinsic properties of the human bronchial epithelial cells and human bronchial fibroblasts which affect their EMT/FMT potential beetween cells derived from asthmatic and non-asthmatic patients, cultured separatelly in vitro, we were interested to see whether corresponding effects could be obtained in a co-culture of the bronchial epithelial cells and bronchial fibroblasts. In this study, we investigate the effects of the TGF-β1 on the EMT markers of the bronchial epithelial cells cultured in the air-liquid-interface and effectiveness of FMT in the bronchial fibroblast populations in the EMTU models. RESULTS Our results show that the asthmatic co-cultures are more sensitive to the TGF-β1 than the non-asthmatic ones, which is associated with a higher potential of the asthmatic bronchial cells for a profibrotic response, analogously to be observed in '2D' cultures. They also indicate a noticeable impact of human bronchial epithelial cells on the TGF-β1-induced FMT, stronger in the asthmatic bronchial fibroblast populations in comparison to the non-asthmatic ones. Moreover, our results suggest the protective effects of fibroblasts on the structure of the TGF-β1-exposed mucociliary differentiated bronchial epithelial cells and their EMT potential. CONCLUSIONS Our data are the first to demonstrate a protective effect of the human bronchial fibroblasts on the properties of the human bronchial epithelial cells, which suggests that intrinsic properties of not only epithelium but also subepithelial fibroblasts affect a proper condition and function of the EMTU in both normal and asthmatic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Paw
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-378, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dawid Wnuk
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-378, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bogdan Jakieła
- Division of Molecular Biology and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grażyna Bochenek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Sładek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Madeja
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-378, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Michalik
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-378, Kraków, Poland.
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Barrow KA, Rich LM, Vanderwall ER, Reeves SR, Rathe JA, White MP, Debley JS. Inactivation of Material from SARS-CoV-2-Infected Primary Airway Epithelial Cell Cultures. Methods Protoc 2021; 4:mps4010007. [PMID: 33430421 PMCID: PMC7839057 DOI: 10.3390/mps4010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Given that the airway epithelium is the initial site of infection, study of primary human airway epithelial cells (AEC) infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) will be crucial to improved understanding of viral entry factors and innate immune responses to the virus. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidance recommends work with live SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture be conducted in a Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) laboratory. To facilitate downstream assays of materials from experiments there is a need for validated protocols for SARS-CoV-2 inactivation to facilitate safe transfer of material out of a BSL-3 laboratory. We propagated stocks of SARS-CoV-2, then evaluated the effectiveness of heat (65 °C) or ultraviolet (UV) light inactivation. We infected differentiated human primary AECs with SARS-CoV-2, then tested protocols designed to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 in supernatant, protein isolate, RNA, and cells fixed for immunohistochemistry by exposing Vero E6 cells to materials isolated/treated using these protocols. Heating to 65 °C for 10 min or exposing to UV light fully inactivated SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, we found in SARS-CoV-2-infected primary AEC cultures that treatment of supernatant with UV light, isolation of RNA with Trizol®, isolation of protein using a protocol including sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) 0.1% and Triton X100 1%, and fixation of AECs using 10% formalin and Triton X100 1%, each fully inactivated SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn A. Barrow
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; (K.A.B.); (L.M.R.); (E.R.V.); (S.R.R.); (M.P.W.)
| | - Lucille M. Rich
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; (K.A.B.); (L.M.R.); (E.R.V.); (S.R.R.); (M.P.W.)
| | - Elizabeth R. Vanderwall
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; (K.A.B.); (L.M.R.); (E.R.V.); (S.R.R.); (M.P.W.)
| | - Stephen R. Reeves
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; (K.A.B.); (L.M.R.); (E.R.V.); (S.R.R.); (M.P.W.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Rathe
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA;
| | - Maria P. White
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; (K.A.B.); (L.M.R.); (E.R.V.); (S.R.R.); (M.P.W.)
| | - Jason S. Debley
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; (K.A.B.); (L.M.R.); (E.R.V.); (S.R.R.); (M.P.W.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Correspondence:
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9
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Kellar GG, Reeves SR, Barrow KA, Debley JS, Wight TN, Ziegler SF. Juvenile, but Not Adult, Mice Display Increased Myeloid Recruitment and Extracellular Matrix Remodeling during Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2020; 205:3050-3057. [PMID: 33097575 PMCID: PMC7747670 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Early life respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection has been linked to the onset of asthma. Despite this association, our knowledge of the progression of the initial viral infection is limited, and no safe or effective vaccine currently exists. Bronchioalveolar lavage, whole-lung cellular isolation, and gene expression analysis were performed on 3-wk- (juvenile) and 8-wk-old (adult) RSV-infected C57BL/6 mice to investigate age-related differences in immunologic responses; juvenile mice displayed a sustained myeloid infiltrate (including monocytes and neutrophils) with increased RNA expression of Ccl2, Ccl3, and Ccl4, when compared with adult mice, at 72 h postinfection. Juvenile mice demonstrated αSma expression (indicative of myofibroblast activity), increased hyaluronan deposition in the lung parenchyma (attributed to asthma progression), and a lack of CD64 upregulation on the surface of monocytes (which, in conjunction with serum amyloid P, is responsible for clearing residual hyaluronan and cellular debris). RSV infection of human airway epithelial cell, human lung fibroblast, and U937 monocyte cocultures (at air-liquid interface) displayed similar CCL expression and suggested matrix metalloproteinase-7 and MMP9 as possible extracellular matrix modifiers. These mouse data, in conjunction with our findings in human monocytes, suggest that the sustained influx of myeloid cells in the lungs of juvenile mice during acute RSV infection could potentiate extracellular matrix remodeling, facilitating conditions that support the development of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald G Kellar
- U.S. Army, Department of Defense, Arlington, VA 22202
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Stephen R Reeves
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; and
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Kaitlyn A Barrow
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Jason S Debley
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; and
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
| | | | - Steven F Ziegler
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101;
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
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10
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Michi AN, Love ME, Proud D. Rhinovirus-Induced Modulation of Epithelial Phenotype: Role in Asthma. Viruses 2020; 12:v12111328. [PMID: 33227953 PMCID: PMC7699223 DOI: 10.3390/v12111328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human rhinoviruses have been linked both to the susceptibility of asthma development and to the triggering of acute exacerbations. Given that the human airway epithelial cell is the primary site of human rhinovirus (HRV) infection and replication, the current review focuses on how HRV-induced modulation of several aspects of epithelial cell phenotype could contribute to the development of asthma or to the induction of exacerbations. Modification of epithelial proinflammatory and antiviral responses are considered, as are alterations in an epithelial barrier function and cell phenotype. The contributions of the epithelium to airway remodeling and to the potential modulation of immune responses are also considered. The potential interactions of each type of HRV-induced epithelial phenotypic changes with allergic sensitization and allergic phenotype are also considered in the context of asthma development and of acute exacerbations.
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Nakaya T, Kamiya K, Nakaya M, Tsuji K, Niki T, Ohtsuki M, Tanaka A. Myofibroblast phagocytic cutaneous mucinosis: phagocytosis of mucinous substances by myofibroblasts in a distinctive cutaneous mucinosis: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20867. [PMID: 32702828 PMCID: PMC7373612 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Phagocytosis is an important physiological process for eliminating unnecessary substances or dead cells after tissue damage, such as inflammation or infarction. Phagocytosis was previously considered to be mainly performed by professional phagocytotic cells, such as macrophages. In contrast, we previously demonstrated that the phagocytosis of dead cells and unnecessary substances by myofibroblasts is as important as that by professional phagocytotic cells in myocardial infarction. Based on our discovery, we speculated that phagocytosis by myofibroblasts may be a more common pathological phenomenon also in other diseases than previously believed. PATIENT CONCERNS A 44-year-old male patient with atopic dermatitis developed a cutaneous reddish nodule with an underlying induration on his thigh. INTERVENTIONS The cutaneous lesion was surgically removed. DIAGNOSES Histopathological examination demonstrated that the cutaneous lesion had solid infiltration by inflammatory cells, namely, plasma cells, histiocytes, and lymphocytes, in the dermis. The cutaneous lesion included mucinosis in the dermis. Inside the mucinosis, we detected cells with clear areas of mucinous substances. Some of the cells were α-smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblasts. Electron microscopic images demonstrated that there were collagen bands in the cells with mucinous engulfment. Based on these pieces of evidence, we conclude that these mucinous phagocytotic cells were myofibroblasts, not professional phagocytotic cells, such as macrophages. OUTCOMES There was no recurrence of the lesion. LESSONS The clinical appearance of this case resembled that of previously reported solitary cutaneous focal mucinoses. However, our case had distinctive characteristics, such as the phagocytosis of mucinous substances by myofibroblasts, multiple mucinous lesions in a single eruption, and the presence of inflammatory cells, which have not been previously reported. For this distinct cutaneous lesion, a clear dermatological and pathological name has yet to be determined. We propose "myofibroblast phagocytic cutaneous mucinosis" as a candidate name. In addition, our discoveries suggest that phagocytosis by myofibroblasts is not rare but rather is a common pathological phenomenon that has been undetected or unrecognized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koji Kamiya
- Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi
| | - Michio Nakaya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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12
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What Have In Vitro Co-Culture Models Taught Us about the Contribution of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Interactions to Airway Inflammation and Remodeling in Asthma? Cells 2020; 9:cells9071694. [PMID: 32679790 PMCID: PMC7408556 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As the lung develops, epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk is essential for the developmental processes that drive cell proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) production within the lung epithelial-mesenchymal trophic unit (EMTU). In asthma, a number of the lung EMTU developmental signals have been associated with airway inflammation and remodeling, which has led to the hypothesis that aberrant activation of the asthmatic EMTU may lead to disease pathogenesis. Monoculture studies have aided in the understanding of the altered phenotype of airway epithelial and mesenchymal cells and their contribution to the pathogenesis of asthma. However, 3-dimensional (3D) co-culture models are needed to enable the study of epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk in the setting of the in vivo environment. In this review, we summarize studies using 3D co-culture models to assess how defective epithelial-mesenchymal communication contributes to chronic airway inflammation and remodeling within the asthmatic EMTU.
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13
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Epithelial-interleukin-1 inhibits collagen formation by airway fibroblasts: Implications for asthma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8721. [PMID: 32457454 PMCID: PMC7250866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65567-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In asthma, the airway epithelium has an impaired capacity to differentiate and plays a key role in the development of airway inflammation and remodeling through mediator release. The study objective was to investigate the release of (IL)-1 family members from primary airway epithelial-cells during differentiation, and how they affect primary airway fibroblast (PAF)-induced inflammation, extracellular matrix (ECM) production, and collagen I remodeling. The release of IL-1α/β and IL-33 during airway epithelial differentiation was assessed over 20-days using air-liquid interface cultures. The effect of IL-1 family cytokines on airway fibroblasts grown on collagen-coated well-plates and 3-dimensional collagen gels was assessed by measurement of inflammatory mediators and ECM proteins by ELISA and western blot, as well as collagen fiber formation using non-linear optical microscopy after 24-hours. The production of IL-1α is elevated in undifferentiated asthmatic-PAECs compared to controls. IL-1α/β induced fibroblast pro-inflammatory responses (CXCL8/IL-8, IL-6, TSLP, GM-CSF) and suppressed ECM-production (collagen, fibronectin, periostin) and the cell’s ability to repair and remodel fibrillar collagen I via LOX, LOXL1 and LOXL2 activity, as confirmed by inhibition with β-aminopropionitrile. These data support a role for epithelial-derived-IL-1 in the dysregulated repair of the asthmatic-EMTU and provides new insights into the contribution of airway fibroblasts in inflammation and airway remodeling in asthma.
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14
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Trelford CB, Denstedt JT, Armstrong JJ, Hutnik CML. The Pro-Fibrotic Behavior of Human Tenon's Capsule Fibroblasts in Medically Treated Glaucoma Patients. Clin Ophthalmol 2020; 14:1391-1402. [PMID: 32546947 PMCID: PMC7250314 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s245915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to compare human Tenon’s capsule fibroblasts (HTCFs) obtained from patients who received medical therapy for glaucoma (glaucomatous patients) and patients not treated for glaucoma (non-glaucomatous patients) in terms of wound healing and fibrosis. Patients and Methods Bioartificial tissues (BATs) were generated using primary HTCF-populated collagen lattices. Pro-fibrotic gene expression within HTCFs was compared between glaucomatous patients and non-glaucomatous patients after BAT culture. The BATs were also assessed regarding fibroblast–myofibroblast transition, collagen remodeling and collagen contraction using alpha-smooth muscle actin immunohistochemistry, picrosirius red staining and collagen contraction assays, respectively. Results Pro-fibrotic gene expression in BAT-cultured HTCFs derived from glaucomatous patients was significantly increased compared to non-glaucomatous patients. BATs imbued with HTCFs collected from glaucomatous patients exhibited a greater proportion of myofibroblasts as well as increased collagen contraction/remodeling compared to HTCFs isolated from non-glaucomatous patients. Conclusion HTCFs from glaucomatous and non-glaucomatous patients differ in the expression of genes involved in fibrosis, proportion of fibroblasts undergoing transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts, contractile properties and collagen remodeling. These results suggest that for any number of reasons, at a cellular level, patients who received medical therapy for glaucoma have eyes primed for fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles B Trelford
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - James T Denstedt
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Ophthalmology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - James J Armstrong
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Ophthalmology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cindy M L Hutnik
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Ophthalmology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Ivey Eye Institute, St. Joseph's Healthcare, London, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Yang Y, Chen S, Tao L, Gan S, Luo H, Xu Y, Shen X. Inhibitory Effects of Oxymatrine on Transdifferentiation of Neonatal Rat Cardiac Fibroblasts to Myofibroblasts Induced by Aldosterone via Keap1/Nrf2 Signaling Pathways In Vitro. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:5375-5388. [PMID: 31325292 PMCID: PMC6662943 DOI: 10.12659/msm.915542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxymatrine (OMT), a quinolizidine alkaloid derived from the traditional Chinese herb Radix Sophorae flavescentis, has widely reported pharmacological efficacy in treating cardiovascular dysfunction-related diseases. However, the underlying mechanism has been unclear. Here, we investigated the potential inhibitory effects and mechanism of OMT on transdifferentiation of cardiac fibroblast to myofibroblasts induced by aldosterone in vitro. Material/Methods The cardiac fibroblasts (CFBs) proliferation and migration capacity were evaluated by MTT assay, cell cycle assay, and scratch analysis, respectively. The protein expression of the Nrf2/Keap1 signal pathway, FN, Collagen I, Collagen III, α-SMA, CTGF, and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) protein was detected by Western blot analysis. The mRNA expression of Nrf2 was detected by qRT-PCR. Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the expression of α-SMA protein. Nrf2 siRNA was used to explore the role of Nrf2 in OMT-treated CFBs. GSH, SOD, and MDA levels and hydroxyproline content were measured by colorimetric assay with commercial kits. The DCFH-DA fluorescent probe was used to assess cellular ROS levels. Results OMT and Curcumin (an Nrf2 agonist) attenuated aldosterone (ALD)-induced proliferation and migration in CFBs, as well as the fibrosis-associated protein expression levels. Moreover, OMT activated Nrf2 and promoted the nucleus translocation of Nrf2. OMT alleviated the elevated levels of α-SMA, Collagen I, Collagen III, and CTGF, which were abrogated by the Nrf2 siRNA transfection. We also found that OMT decreased oxidative stress levels. Conclusions Our results confirm that OMT alleviates transdifferentiation of cardiac fibroblasts to myofibroblasts induced by aldosterone via activating the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- The Department of Pharmacognosy (The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City - Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Shiping Chen
- The Department of Pharmacognosy (The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City - Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Ling Tao
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Shiquan Gan
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City - Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Hong Luo
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City - Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Yini Xu
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City - Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Xiangchun Shen
- The Department of Pharmacognosy (The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City - Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
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16
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Evasovic JM, Singer CA. Regulation of IL-17A and implications for TGF-β1 comodulation of airway smooth muscle remodeling in severe asthma. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 316:L843-L868. [PMID: 30810068 PMCID: PMC6589583 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00416.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe asthma develops as a result of heightened, persistent symptoms that generally coincide with pronounced neutrophilic airway inflammation. In individuals with severe asthma, symptoms are poorly controlled by high-dose inhaled glucocorticoids and often lead to elevated morbidity and mortality rates that underscore the necessity for novel drug target identification that overcomes limitations in disease management. Many incidences of severe asthma are mechanistically associated with T helper 17 (TH17) cell-derived cytokines and immune factors that mediate neutrophilic influx to the airways. TH17-secreted interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is an independent risk factor for severe asthma that impacts airway smooth muscle (ASM) remodeling. TH17-derived cytokines and diverse immune mediators further interact with structural cells of the airway to induce pathophysiological processes that impact ASM functionality. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a pivotal mediator involved in airway remodeling that correlates with enhanced TH17 activity in individuals with severe asthma and is essential to TH17 differentiation and IL-17A production. IL-17A can also reciprocally enhance activation of TGF-β1 signaling pathways, whereas combined TH1/TH17 or TH2/TH17 immune responses may additively impact asthma severity. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive summary of cytokine-driven T cell fate determination and TH17-mediated airway inflammation. It will further review the evidence demonstrating the extent to which IL-17A interacts with various immune factors, specifically TGF-β1, to contribute to ASM remodeling and altered function in TH17-driven endotypes of severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon M Evasovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada , Reno, Nevada
| | - Cherie A Singer
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada , Reno, Nevada
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17
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Michalik M, Wójcik-Pszczoła K, Paw M, Wnuk D, Koczurkiewicz P, Sanak M, Pękala E, Madeja Z. Fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition in bronchial asthma. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3943-3961. [PMID: 30101406 PMCID: PMC6182337 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2899-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease in which bronchial wall remodelling plays a significant role. This phenomenon is related to enhanced proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells, elevated extracellular matrix protein secretion and an increased number of myofibroblasts. Phenotypic fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition represents one of the primary mechanisms by which myofibroblasts arise in fibrotic lung tissue. Fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition requires a combination of several types of factors, the most important of which are divided into humoural and mechanical factors, as well as certain extracellular matrix proteins. Despite intensive research on the nature of this process, its underlying mechanisms during bronchial airway wall remodelling in asthma are not yet fully clarified. This review focuses on what is known about the nature of fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition in asthma. We aim to consider possible mechanisms and conditions that may play an important role in fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition but have not yet been discussed in this context. Recent studies have shown that some inherent and previously undescribed features of fibroblasts can also play a significant role in fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition. Differences observed between asthmatic and non-asthmatic bronchial fibroblasts (e.g., response to transforming growth factor β, cell shape, elasticity, and protein expression profile) may have a crucial influence on this phenomenon. An accurate understanding and recognition of all factors affecting fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition might provide an opportunity to discover efficient methods of counteracting this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Michalik
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Wójcik-Pszczoła
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Milena Paw
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dawid Wnuk
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paulina Koczurkiewicz
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Sanak
- Division of Molecular Biology and Clinical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawińska 8, 31-066, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pękala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Madeja
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
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18
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Fibroblast gene expression following asthmatic bronchial epithelial cell conditioning correlates with epithelial donor lung function and exacerbation history. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15768. [PMID: 30361541 PMCID: PMC6202408 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway remodeling may contribute to decreased lung function in asthmatic children. Bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) may regulate fibroblast expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) constituents and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition (FMT). Our objective was to determine if human lung fibroblast (HLF) expression of collagen I (COL1A1), hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2), and the FMT marker alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) by HLFs conditioned by BECs from asthmatic and healthy children correlate with lung function measures and exacerbation history among BEC donors. BECs from asthmatic (n = 23) and healthy children (n = 15) were differentiated at an air-liquid interface (ALI) and then co-cultured with HLFs for 96 hours. Expression of COL1A1, HAS2, and α-SMA by HLFs was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). FMT was quantified by measuring HLF cytoskeletal α-SMA by flow cytometry. Pro-collagen Iα1, hyaluronan (HA), and PGE2 were measured in BEC-HLF supernatant. Correlations between lung function measures of BEC donors, and COL1A1, HAS2, and α-SMA gene expression, as well as supernatant concentrations of HA, pro-collagen Iα1, hyaluronan (HA), and PGE2 were assessed. We observed that expression of α-SMA and COL1A1 by HLFs co-cultured with asthmatic BECs was negatively correlated with BEC donor lung function. BEC-HLF supernatant concentrations of pro-collagen Iα1 were negatively correlated, and PGE2 concentrations positively correlated, with asthmatic BEC donor lung function. Expression of HAS2, but not α-SMA or COL1A1, was greater by HLFs co-cultured with asthmatic BECs from donors with a history of severe exacerbations than by HLFs co-cultured with BECs from donors who lacked a history of severe exacerbations. In conclusion, α-SMA and COL1A1 expression by HLFs co-cultured with BECs from asthmatic children were negatively correlated with lung function measures, supporting our hypothesis that epithelial regulation of HLFs and airway deposition of ECM constituents by HLFs contributes to lung function deficits among asthmatic children. Furthermore, epithelial regulation of airway HAS2 may influence the susceptibility of children with asthma to experience severe exacerbations. Finally, epithelial-derived PGE2 is a potential regulator of airway FMT and HLF production of collagen I that should be investigated further in future studies.
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19
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Reeves SR, Kang I, Chan CK, Barrow KA, Kolstad TK, White MP, Ziegler SF, Wight TN, Debley JS. Asthmatic bronchial epithelial cells promote the establishment of a Hyaluronan-enriched, leukocyte-adhesive extracellular matrix by lung fibroblasts. Respir Res 2018; 19:146. [PMID: 30071849 PMCID: PMC6090698 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0849-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Airway inflammation is a hallmark of asthma. Alterations in extracellular matrix (ECM) hyaluronan (HA) content have been shown to modulate the recruitment and retention of inflammatory cells. Bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) regulate the activity of human lung fibroblasts (HLFs); however, their contribution in regulating HLF production of HA in asthma is unknown. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that BECs from asthmatic children promote the generation of a pro-inflammatory, HA-enriched ECM by HLFs, which promotes the retention of leukocytes. Methods BECs were obtained from well-characterized asthmatic and healthy children ages 6–18 years. HLFs were co-cultured with BECs for 96 h and samples were harvested for analysis of gene expression, synthesis and accumulation of HA, and subjected to a leukocyte adhesion assay with U937 monocytes. Results We observed increased expression of HA synthases HAS2 and HAS3 in HLFs co-cultured with asthmatic BECs. Furthermore, we demonstrated greater total accumulation and increased synthesis of HA by HLFs co-cultured with asthmatic BECs compared to healthy BEC/HLF co-cultures. ECM generated by HLFs co-cultured with asthmatic BECs displayed increased HA-dependent adhesion of leukocytes in a separate in vitro binding assay. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that BEC regulation of HA production by HLFs is altered in asthma, which may in turn promote the establishment of a more leukocyte-permissive ECM promoting airway inflammation in this disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-018-0849-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Reeves
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA. .,Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Inkyung Kang
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christina K Chan
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kaitlyn A Barrow
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tessa K Kolstad
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Maria P White
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Steven F Ziegler
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas N Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jason S Debley
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.,Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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20
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James RG, Reeves SR, Barrow KA, White MP, Glukhova VA, Haghighi C, Seyoum D, Debley JS. Deficient Follistatin-like 3 Secretion by Asthmatic Airway Epithelium Impairs Fibroblast Regulation and Fibroblast-to-Myofibroblast Transition. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 59:104-113. [PMID: 29394092 PMCID: PMC6039878 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0025oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) from healthy children inhibit human lung fibroblast (HLF) expression of collagen and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition (FMT), whereas asthmatic BECs do so less effectively, suggesting that diminished epithelial-derived regulatory factors contribute to airway remodeling. Preliminary data demonstrated that secretion of the activin A inhibitor follistatin-like 3 (FSTL3) by healthy BECs was greater than that by asthmatic BECs. We sought to determine the relative secretion of FSTL3 and activin A by asthmatic and healthy BECs, and whether FSTL3 inhibits FMT. To quantify the abundance of the total proteome FSTL3 and activin A in supernatants of differentiated BEC cultures from healthy children and children with asthma, we performed mass spectrometry and ELISA. HLFs were cocultured with primary BECs and then HLF expression of collagen I and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was quantified by qPCR, and FMT was quantified by flow cytometry. Loss-of-function studies were conducted using lentivirus-delivered shRNA. Using mass spectrometry and ELISA results from larger cohorts, we found that FSTL3 concentrations were greater in media conditioned by healthy BECs compared with asthmatic BECs (4,012 vs. 2,553 pg/ml; P = 0.002), and in media conditioned by asthmatic BECs from children with normal lung function relative to those with airflow obstruction (FEV1/FVC ratio < 0.8; n = 9; 3,026 vs. 1,922 pg/ml; P = 0.04). shRNA depletion of FSTL3 in BECs (n = 8) increased HLF collagen I expression by 92% (P = 0.001) and α-SMA expression by 88% (P = 0.02), and increased FMT by flow cytometry in cocultured HLFs, whereas shRNA depletion of activin A (n = 6) resulted in decreased α-SMA (22%; P = 0.01) expression and decreased FMT. Together, these results indicate that deficient FSTL3 expression by asthmatic BECs impairs epithelial regulation of HLFs and FMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G. James
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Pharmacology, and
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stephen R. Reeves
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kaitlyn A. Barrow
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Maria P. White
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Veronika A. Glukhova
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Candace Haghighi
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Dana Seyoum
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jason S. Debley
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
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21
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Faber SC, McCullough SD. Through the Looking Glass: In Vitro Models for Inhalation Toxicology and Interindividual Variability in the Airway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 4:115-128. [PMID: 31380467 DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2018.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With 7 million deaths reported annually from air pollution alone, it is evident that adverse effects of inhaled toxicant exposures remain a major public health concern in the 21st century. Assessment and characterization of the impacts of air pollutants on human health stems from epidemiological and clinical studies, which have linked both outdoor and indoor air contaminant exposure to adverse pulmonary and cardiovascular health outcomes. Studies in animal models support epidemiological findings and have been critical in identifying systemic effects of environmental chemicals on cognitive abilities, liver disease, and metabolic dysfunction following inhalation exposure. Likewise, traditional monoculture systems have aided in identifying biomarkers of susceptibility to inhaled toxicants and served as a screening platform for safety assessment of pulmonary toxicants. Despite their contributions, in vivo and classic in vitro models have not been able to accurately represent the heterogeneity of the human population and account for interindividual variability in response to inhaled toxicants and susceptibility to the adverse health effects. Development of new technologies that can investigate genetic predisposition, are cost and time efficient, and are ethically sound, will enhance elucidation of mechanisms of inhalation toxicity, and aid in the development of novel pharmaceuticals and/or safety evaluation. This review will describe the classic and novel cell-based inhalation toxicity models and how these emerging technologies can be incorporated into regulatory or nonregulatory testing to address interindividual variability and improve overall human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha C Faber
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Shaun D McCullough
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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22
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Wang Y, Tan M, Ouyang H, Deng L. Effects of ozone stimulation of bronchial epithelial cells on proliferation and collagen synthesis of co-cultured lung fibroblasts. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:5314-5322. [PMID: 29896220 PMCID: PMC5994781 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone (O3) as a major air pollutant is widely recognized for causing pathological changes of the airway system. However, it is not clear whether O3 exposure of bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) influences the proliferation and collagen synthesis of submucosal fibroblasts and contributes to the pathogenesis of airway remodeling in diseases, including asthma. In the present study, a co-culture method was applied to culture human lung fibroblasts (HLFs) with human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) that were pre-stimulated with O3. Following co-culture for up to 24 h, the proliferation of HLFs was measured using MTT colorimetry. Furthermore, the collagen synthesis capacity of HLFs was determined by the level of hydroxyproline. In addition, the protein expression levels of cytokines, including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were assessed. Results indicated that the proliferation of HLFs co-cultured with HBECs was significantly inhibited when compared with HLFs cultured alone (P<0.05). By contrast, co-culture with O3-stimulated HBECs significantly promoted the proliferation of HLFs compared with the HLFs cultured alone or those cultured with HBECs but no O3 stimulation, respectively (P<0.05 and P<0.01). Furthermore, similar effects were observed regarding the collagen synthesis capacity of HLFs co-cultured with HBECs for 24. In the supernatant, TGF-β1 concentration was continuously increased over 24 h, whereas the concentration of PGE2 increased and plateaued between 12 to 24 h and TNF-α concentration was not significantly altered during the assessed time period. To conclude, the present results suggest that O3 pre-exposure of HBECs may promote the transformation of HLFs from the typical inhibitory state into a promoting state with respect to proliferation and collagen synthesis, which may likely occur through a mechanism that influences the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory factors, including TGF-β1 and PGE2. The present findings may improve the understanding of the mechanism involved in O3-induced airway remodeling from a novel perspective of maintenance/loss of steady-state function of the airway epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P.R. China.,Department of Nursing, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P.R. China
| | - Meiling Tan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Haiping Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Linhong Deng
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P.R. China.,Department of Nursing, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P.R. China
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23
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Liu G, Cooley MA, Nair PM, Donovan C, Hsu AC, Jarnicki AG, Haw TJ, Hansbro NG, Ge Q, Brown AC, Tay H, Foster PS, Wark PA, Horvat JC, Bourke JE, Grainge CL, Argraves WS, Oliver BG, Knight DA, Burgess JK, Hansbro PM. Airway remodelling and inflammation in asthma are dependent on the extracellular matrix protein fibulin-1c. J Pathol 2017; 243:510-523. [PMID: 28862768 DOI: 10.1002/path.4979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. It is characterized by allergic airway inflammation, airway remodelling, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Asthma patients, in particular those with chronic or severe asthma, have airway remodelling that is associated with the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, such as collagens. Fibulin-1 (Fbln1) is an important ECM protein that stabilizes collagen and other ECM proteins. The level of Fbln1c, one of the four Fbln1 variants, which predominates in both humans and mice, is increased in the serum and airways fluids in asthma but its function is unclear. We show that the level of Fbln1c was increased in the lungs of mice with house dust mite (HDM)-induced chronic allergic airway disease (AAD). Genetic deletion of Fbln1c and therapeutic inhibition of Fbln1c in mice with chronic AAD reduced airway collagen deposition, and protected against AHR. Fbln1c-deficient (Fbln1c-/- ) mice had reduced mucin (MUC) 5 AC levels, but not MUC5B levels, in the airways as compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Fbln1c interacted with fibronectin and periostin that was linked to collagen deposition around the small airways. Fbln1c-/- mice with AAD also had reduced numbers of α-smooth muscle actin-positive cells around the airways and reduced airway contractility as compared with WT mice. After HDM challenge, these mice also had fewer airway inflammatory cells, reduced interleukin (IL)-5, IL-13, IL-33, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and CXCL1 levels in the lungs, and reduced IL-5, IL-33 and TNF levels in lung-draining lymph nodes. Therapeutic targeting of Fbln1c reduced the numbers of GATA3-positive Th2 cells in the lymph nodes and lungs after chronic HDM challenge. Treatment also reduced the secretion of IL-5 and IL-13 from co-cultured dendritic cells and T cells restimulated with HDM extract. Human epithelial cells cultured with Fbln1c peptide produced more CXCL1 mRNA than medium-treated controls. Our data show that Fbln1c may be a therapeutic target in chronic asthma. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marion A Cooley
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Prema M Nair
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chantal Donovan
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alan C Hsu
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew G Jarnicki
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tatt Jhong Haw
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicole G Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Qi Ge
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Discipline of Pharmacology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexandra C Brown
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hock Tay
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul S Foster
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter A Wark
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jane E Bourke
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chris L Grainge
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - W Scott Argraves
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Brian G Oliver
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Discipline of Pharmacology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janette K Burgess
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Discipline of Pharmacology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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24
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Carsin A, Mazenq J, Ilstad A, Dubus JC, Chanez P, Gras D. Bronchial epithelium in children: a key player in asthma. Eur Respir Rev 2017; 25:158-69. [PMID: 27246593 PMCID: PMC9487245 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0101-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchial epithelium is a key element of the respiratory airways. It constitutes the interface between the environment and the host. It is a physical barrier with many chemical and immunological properties. The bronchial epithelium is abnormal in asthma, even in children. It represents a key component promoting airway inflammation and remodelling that can lead to chronic symptoms. In this review, we present an overview of bronchial epithelium and how to study it, with a specific focus on children. We report physical, chemical and immunological properties from ex vivo and in vitro studies. The responses to various deleterious agents, such as viruses or allergens, may lead to persistent abnormalities orchestrated by bronchial epithelial cells. As epithelium dysfunctions occur early in asthma, reprogramming the epithelium may represent an ambitious goal to induce asthma remission in children. Bronchial epithelium is a morphological and functional dysregulated gatekeeper in asthmatic childrenhttp://ow.ly/Y4MaM
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Affiliation(s)
- Ania Carsin
- Unité de Pneumologie Pédiatrique, hôpital Timone-Enfants, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France UMR Inserm U1067 CNRS 7333, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Julie Mazenq
- Unité de Pneumologie Pédiatrique, hôpital Timone-Enfants, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France UMR Inserm U1067 CNRS 7333, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Alexandra Ilstad
- UMR Inserm U1067 CNRS 7333, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Dubus
- CNRS, URMITE 6236, CHU Timone-Enfants, Aix-Marseille Université, Unité de pneumologie et médecine infantile, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Chanez
- UMR Inserm U1067 CNRS 7333, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France Clinique des bronches, Allergie et Sommeil, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Delphine Gras
- UMR Inserm U1067 CNRS 7333, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
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25
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Wight TN, Frevert CW, Debley JS, Reeves SR, Parks WC, Ziegler SF. Interplay of extracellular matrix and leukocytes in lung inflammation. Cell Immunol 2017; 312:1-14. [PMID: 28077237 PMCID: PMC5290208 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During inflammation, leukocytes influx into lung compartments and interact with extracellular matrix (ECM). Two ECM components, versican and hyaluronan, increase in a range of lung diseases. The interaction of leukocytes with these ECM components controls leukocyte retention and accumulation, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and activation as part of the inflammatory phase of lung disease. In addition, bronchial epithelial cells from asthmatic children co-cultured with human lung fibroblasts generate an ECM that is adherent for monocytes/macrophages. Macrophages are present in both early and late lung inflammation. Matrix metalloproteinase 10 (MMP10) is induced in alveolar macrophages with injury and infection and modulates macrophage phenotype and their ability to degrade collagenous ECM components. Collectively, studies outlined in this review highlight the importance of specific ECM components in the regulation of inflammatory events in lung disease. The widespread involvement of these ECM components in the pathogenesis of lung inflammation make them attractive candidates for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Charles W Frevert
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jason S Debley
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephen R Reeves
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William C Parks
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven F Ziegler
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
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26
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Osei ET, Noordhoek JA, Hackett TL, Spanjer AIR, Postma DS, Timens W, Brandsma CA, Heijink IH. Interleukin-1α drives the dysfunctional cross-talk of the airway epithelium and lung fibroblasts in COPD. Eur Respir J 2016; 48:359-69. [PMID: 27418555 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01911-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been associated with aberrant epithelial-mesenchymal interactions resulting in inflammatory and remodelling processes. We developed a co-culture model using COPD and control-derived airway epithelial cells (AECs) and lung fibroblasts to understand the mediators that are involved in remodelling and inflammation in COPD.AECs and fibroblasts obtained from COPD and control lung tissue were grown in co-culture with fetal lung fibroblast or human bronchial epithelial cell lines. mRNA and protein expression of inflammatory mediators, pro-fibrotic molecules and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins were assessed.Co-culture resulted in the release of pro-inflammatory mediators interleukin (IL)-8/CXCL8 and heat shock protein (Hsp70) from lung fibroblasts, and decreased expression of ECM molecules (e.g. collagen, decorin) that was not different between control and COPD-derived primary cells. This pro-inflammatory effect was mediated by epithelial-derived IL-1α and increased upon epithelial exposure to cigarette smoke extract (CSE). When exposed to CSE, COPD-derived AECs elicited a stronger IL-1α response compared with control-derived airway epithelium and this corresponded with a significantly enhanced IL-8 release from lung fibroblasts.We demonstrate that, through IL-1α production, AECs induce a pro-inflammatory lung fibroblast phenotype that is further enhanced with CSE exposure in COPD, suggesting an aberrant epithelial-fibroblast interaction in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel T Osei
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands University of British Columbia, Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Dept of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jacobien A Noordhoek
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pulmonology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tillie L Hackett
- University of British Columbia, Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Dept of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anita I R Spanjer
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands University of Groningen, Dept of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirkje S Postma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pulmonology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Timens
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Corry-Anke Brandsma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands These two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Irene H Heijink
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pulmonology, Groningen, The Netherlands These two authors contributed equally to this work
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