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Kang H, Song J, Cheng Y. HDL regulates the risk of cardiometabolic and inflammatory-related diseases: Focusing on cholesterol efflux capacity. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112622. [PMID: 38971111 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia, characterized by higher serum concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and lower serum concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), is confirmed as a hallmark of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), posing serious risks to the future health of humans. Aside from the role of HDL-C concentrations, the capacity of cholesterol efflux to HDL is being identified as an enssential messurement for the dyslipidemic morbidity. Through inducing the progression of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), the HDL-related cholesterol efflux plays a vital role in atherosclerotic plaque formation. In addition, increasing results demonstrated that the relationships between cholesterol efflux and cardiovascular events might be influenced by multiple factors, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and, inflammatory diseases. These risk factors could affect the intracellular composition of HDL, which might subsqently influence the cholesterol efflux process induced by HDL particle. In the present comprehensive article, we summarize the latest findings which described the modulatory roles of HDL in cardiometabolic disorders and inflammatory related diseases, focusing on its capacity in mediating cholesterol efflux. Moreover, the potential mechanisms whereby HDL regulate the risk of cardiometabolic disorders or inflammatory related diseases, at least partly, via cholesterol efflux pathway, are also well-listed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Kang
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jingjin Song
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ye Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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2
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Costacou T, Miller RG, Bornfeldt KE, Heinecke JW, Orchard TJ, Vaisar T. Sex differences in the associations of HDL particle concentration and cholesterol efflux capacity with incident coronary artery disease in type 1 diabetes: The RETRO HDLc cohort study. J Clin Lipidol 2024; 18:e218-e229. [PMID: 38320926 PMCID: PMC11069450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In type 1 diabetes, women lose their relative protection (compared to men) against coronary artery disease (CAD), while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is less strongly associated with lower CAD risk in women. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess whether sex differences in the HDL particle concentration (HDL-P) and cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) association with CAD may explain these findings. METHODS HDL-P (calibrated differential ion mobility analysis) and total and ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1)-specific CEC were quantified among 279 men and 271 women with type 1 diabetes (baseline mean age 27·8 years; diabetes duration, 19·6 years). Clinical CAD was defined as CAD death, myocardial infarction and/or coronary revascularization. RESULTS Women had higher large HDL-P levels and marginally lower concentrations of small HDL-P and ABCA1-specific CEC than men. No sex differences were observed in extra-small HDL-P, medium HDL-P and total CEC. During a median follow-up of 26 years, 37·6 % of men and 35·8 % of women developed CAD (p = 0·72). In multivariable Cox models stratified by sex (pTotal HDL-P x sex interaction=0·01), HDL-P was negatively associated with CAD incidence in both sexes. However, associations were stronger in men, particularly for extra-small HDL-P (hazard ratio (HR)men=0·11, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 0·04-0·30; HRwomen=0·68, 95 % CI: 0·28-1·66; pinteraction=0·001). CEC did not independently predict CAD in either sex. CONCLUSION Despite few absolute differences in HDL-P concentrations by sex, the HDL-P - CAD association was weaker in women, particularly for extra-small HDL-P, suggesting that HDL-P may be less efficient in providing atheroprotection in women and perhaps explaining the lack of a sex difference in CAD in type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Costacou
- Department of Epidemiology (Drs Costacou, Miller, Orchard), School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
| | - Rachel G Miller
- Department of Epidemiology (Drs Costacou, Miller, Orchard), School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- Department of Medicine (Drs Bornfeldt, Heinecke, Vaisar), University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98102, United States
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- Department of Medicine (Drs Bornfeldt, Heinecke, Vaisar), University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98102, United States
| | - Trevor J Orchard
- Department of Epidemiology (Drs Costacou, Miller, Orchard), School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Department of Medicine (Drs Bornfeldt, Heinecke, Vaisar), University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98102, United States
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Chen Y, Liang C, Li J, Ma L, Wang B, Yuan Z, Yang S, Nong X. Effect of artesunate on cardiovascular complications in periodontitis in a type I diabetes rat model and related mechanisms. J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:2031-2053. [PMID: 36892740 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02052-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Both cardiovascular disease and periodontitis are complications of diabetes that have a great impact on human life and health. Our previous research found that artesunate can effectively improve cardiovascular disease in diabetes and has an inhibitory effect on periodontal disease. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the potential therapeutic possibility of artesunate in the protection against cardiovascular complications in periodontitis with type I diabetes rats and to elucidate the possible underlying mechanisms. METHODS Sprague‒Dawley rats were randomly divided into the healthy, diabetic, periodontitis, diabetic with periodontitis, and artesunate treatment groups (10, 30, and 60 mg/kg, i.g.). After artesunate treatment, oral swabs were collected and used to determine changes in the oral flora. Micro-CT was performed to observe changes in alveolar bone. Blood samples were processed to measure various parameters, while cardiovascular tissues were evaluated by haematoxylin-eosin, Masson, Sirius red, and TUNEL staining to observe fibrosis and apoptosis. The protein and mRNA expression levels in the alveolar bone and cardiovascular tissues were detected using immunohistochemistry and RT‒PCR. RESULTS Diabetic rats with periodontitis and cardiovascular complications maintained heart and body weight but exhibited reduced blood glucose levels, and they were able to regulate blood lipid indicators at normal levels after artesunate treatment. The staining assays suggested that treatment with 60 mg/kg artesunate has a significant therapeutic effect on myocardial apoptotic fibrosis. The high expression of NF-κB, TLR4, VEGF, ICAM-1, p38 MAPK, TGF-β, Smad2, and MMP9 in the alveolar bone and cardiovascular tissue in the type I diabetes and type I diabetes with periodontitis rat models was reduced after treatment with artesunate in a concentration-dependent manner. Micro-CT showed that treatment with 60 mg/kg artesunate effectively alleviated alveolar bone resorption and density reduction. The sequencing results suggested that each model group of rats had vascular and oral flora dysbiosis, but artesunate treatment could correct the dysbacteriosis. CONCLUSIONS Periodontitis-related pathogenic bacteria cause dysbiosis of the oral and intravascular flora in type I diabetes and aggravate cardiovascular complications. The mechanism by which periodontitis aggravates cardiovascular complications involves the NF-κB pathway, which induces myocardial apoptosis, fibrosis, and vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, No. 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - C Liang
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, No. 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - J Li
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Medical Science Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - L Ma
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, No. 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - B Wang
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, No. 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Z Yuan
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, No. 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - S Yang
- School of Information and Management, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - X Nong
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, No. 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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4
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Denimal D, Monier S, Simoneau I, Duvillard L, Vergès B, Bouillet B. HDL functionality in type 1 diabetes: enhancement of cholesterol efflux capacity in relationship with decreased HDL carbamylation after improvement of glycemic control. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:154. [PMID: 35962339 PMCID: PMC9375300 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01591-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reduced cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of HDLs is likely to increase cardiovascular risk in type 1 diabetes (T1D). We aimed to assess whether improvement of glycemic control in T1D patients is associated with changes in CEC in relation with changes in carbamylation of HDLs. Methods In this open-label trial, 27 uncontrolled T1D patients were given a three-month standard medical intervention to improve glycemic control. HDL fraction was isolated from plasma, and CEC was measured on THP-1 macrophages. Carbamylation of HDLs was evaluated by an immunoassay. Control HDLs from healthy subjects were carbamylated in vitro with potassium cyanate. Results HbA1c decreased from 11.4% [10.2–12.9] (median [1st–3rd quartiles]) at baseline to 8.1% [6.6–9.0] after the three-month intervention (P < 0.00001). The CEC of HDLs increased after intervention in 19 (70%) patients (P = 0.038). At the same time, the carbamylation of HDLs decreased in 22 (82%) patients after intervention (P = 0.014). The increase in CEC significantly correlated with the decrease in carbamylated HDLs (r = −0.411, P = 0.034), even after adjustment for the change in HbA1c (β = −0.527, P = 0.003). In vitro carbamylation of control HDLs decreased CEC by 13% (P = 0.041) and 23% (P = 0.021) using 1 and 10 mmol/L of potassium cyanate, respectively. Conclusions The improvement of CEC in relation to a decrease in the carbamylation of HDLs may likely contribute to the beneficial cardiovascular effect of glycemic control in T1D patients. Trial registration: NCT02816099 ClinicalTrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Denimal
- INSERM LNC UMR1231, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France. .,Department of Biochemistry - Plateforme de Biologie Hospitalo-Universitaire, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France.
| | - Serge Monier
- INSERM LNC UMR1231, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Isabelle Simoneau
- INSERM LNC UMR1231, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France.,Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Duvillard
- INSERM LNC UMR1231, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France.,Department of Biochemistry - Plateforme de Biologie Hospitalo-Universitaire, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Bruno Vergès
- INSERM LNC UMR1231, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France.,Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Benjamin Bouillet
- INSERM LNC UMR1231, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France.,Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
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Pickering J, Wong R, Al-Salami H, Lam V, Takechi R. Cognitive Deficits in Type-1 Diabetes: Aspects of Glucose, Cerebrovascular and Amyloid Involvement. Pharm Res 2021; 38:1477-1484. [PMID: 34480263 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03100-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The evidence shows that individuals with type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are at greater risk of accelerated cognitive impairment and dementia. Although, to date the mechanisms are largely unknown. An emerging body of literature indicates that dysfunction of cerebral neurovascular network and plasma dyshomeostasis of soluble amyloid-β in association with impaired lipid metabolism are central to the onset and progression of cognitive deficits and dementia. However, the latter has not been extensively considered in T1DM. Therefore, in this review, we summarised the literature concerning altered lipid metabolism and cerebrovascular function in T1DM as an implication for potential pathways leading to cognitive decline and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Pickering
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Rachel Wong
- Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, QLD, 4300, Australia
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.,Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Virginie Lam
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.,Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Ryu Takechi
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia. .,Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.
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6
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O’Brien ST, Neylon OM, O’Brien T. Dyslipidaemia in Type 1 Diabetes: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070826. [PMID: 34356890 PMCID: PMC8301346 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). The molecular basis for atherosclerosis in T1D is heavily influenced by hyperglycaemia and its atherogenic effects on LDL. Ongoing research into the distinct pathophysiology of atherosclerosis in T1D offers exciting opportunities for novel approaches to calculate CVD risk in patients with T1D and to manage this risk appropriately. Currently, despite the increased risk of CVD in the T1D population, there are few tools available for estimating the risk of CVD in younger patients. This poses significant challenges for clinicians in selecting which patients might benefit from lipid-lowering therapies over the long term. The current best practice guidance for the management of dyslipidaemia in T1D is generally based on evidence from patients with T2D and the opinion of experts in the field. In this review article, we explore the unique pathophysiology of atherosclerosis in T1D, with a specific focus on hyperglycaemia-induced damage and atherogenic LDL modifications. We also discuss the current clinical situation of managing these patients across paediatric and adult populations, focusing on the difficulties posed by a lack of strong evidence and various barriers to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T. O’Brien
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Limerick, V94 F858 Limerick, Ireland; (S.T.O.); (O.M.N.)
| | - Orla M. Neylon
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Limerick, V94 F858 Limerick, Ireland; (S.T.O.); (O.M.N.)
| | - Timothy O’Brien
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
- Correspondence:
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7
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High-sensitivity CRP may be a marker of HDL dysfunction and remodeling in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11444. [PMID: 34075063 PMCID: PMC8169928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90638-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), further increasing the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-C) as an add-on to statins cannot reduce cardiovascular risk. And it has been reported that HDL functional metric—cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) may be a better predictor of CAD risk than HDL-C. CEC measurement is time-consuming and not applicable in clinical settings. Thus, it is meaningful to explore an easily acquired index for evaluating CEC. Thirty-six CAD patients and sixty-one non-CAD controls were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. All CAD patients had acute coronary syndrome (ACS). CEC was measured using a [3H] cholesterol loading Raw 264.7 cell model with apolipoprotein B-depleted plasma (a surrogate for HDL). Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to assess HDL components and subclass distribution. CEC was significantly impaired in CAD patients (11.9 ± 2.3%) compared to controls (13.0 ± 2.2%, p = 0.022). In control group, CEC was positively correlated with enzymatically measured HDL-C levels (r = 0.358, p = 0.006) or with NMR-determined HDL-C levels (NMR-HDL-C, r = 0.416, p = 0.001). However, in CAD group, there was no significant correlation between CEC and HDL-C (r = 0.216, p = 0.206) or NMR-HDL-C (r = 0.065, p = 0.708). Instead, we found that the level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) was inversely associated with CEC (r = − 0.351, p = 0.036). Multiple regression analysis showed that the hsCRP level was associated with CEC after adjusting other cardiovascular risk factors and HDL-C, although the association would not reach significance if adjusting for multiple testing. NMR spectroscopy showed that HDL particles shifted to larger ones in patients with high hsCRP levels, and this phenomenon was accompanied by decreased CEC. In patients with CAD, the level of HDL-C cannot reflect HDL function. The impaired correlation between HDL-C and CEC is possibly due to an inflammation-induced HDL subclass remodeling. These hypothesis-generating data suggest that hsCRP levels, a marker of acute inflammation, may associate with HDL dysfunction in ACS subjects. Due to the design limited to be correlative in nature, not permitting causal inference and a larger, strictly designed study is still needed.
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8
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Gourgari E, Nadeau KJ, Pyle L, Playford MP, Ma J, Mehta NN, Remaley AT, Gordon SM. Effect of metformin on the high-density lipoprotein proteome in youth with type 1 diabetes. ENDOCRINOLOGY DIABETES & METABOLISM 2021; 4:e00261. [PMID: 34277985 PMCID: PMC8279605 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have normal or elevated High‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL‐C), however, the function of HDL, partly mediated by the HDL proteome, may be impaired. Metformin can be used as an adjunct therapy in youth with T1D, but its effects on the HDL proteome are unknown. Objective To determine the effect of metformin on the HDL proteome. Subjects Youth (12–20 years old) with T1D who had a BMI > 90th percentile, HbA1c > 8.0% and Tanner stage 5. Methods Double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled randomized sub‐study. We examined the effects of metformin (n = 25) or placebo (n = 10) after 6 months on HDL proteome. Changes in HDL proteins were measured by data‐independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry and compared between treatment groups. As a secondary outcome, associations between proteins of interest and the most studied function of HDL, the cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), was examined. Results The relative abundance of 84 HDL‐associated proteins were measured. Two proteins were significantly affected by metformin treatment, peptidoglycan recognition protein 2 (PGRP2; +23.4%, p = .0058) and alpha‐2‐macroglobulin (A2MG; +29.8%, p = .049). Metformin did not significantly affect CEC. Changes in affected HDL proteins did not correlate with CEC. Conclusions Despite having little effect on HDL‐C, metformin increased PGRP2 and A2MG protein on HDL in youth with T1D, but had no significant effect on CEC. Further studies are needed to understand the impact of PGRP2 and A2MG on other HDL functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Gourgari
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology Department of Pediatrics Georgetown University Washington DC USA
| | - Kristen J Nadeau
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
| | - Laura Pyle
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Informatics Colorado School of Public Health Aurora CO USA
| | - Martin P Playford
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Junfeng Ma
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC USA
| | - Nehal N Mehta
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Scott M Gordon
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA.,Department of Physiology University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA
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Thakkar H, Vincent V, Sen A, Singh A, Roy A. Changing Perspectives on HDL: From Simple Quantity Measurements to Functional Quality Assessment. J Lipids 2021; 2021:5585521. [PMID: 33996157 PMCID: PMC8096543 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5585521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) comprises a heterogeneous group of particles differing in size, density, and composition. HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels have long been suggested to indicate cardiovascular risk, inferred from multiple epidemiological studies. The failure of HDL-C targeted interventions and genetic studies has raised doubts on the atheroprotective role of HDL-C. The current consensus is that HDL-C is neither a biomarker nor a causative agent of cardiovascular disorders. With better understanding of the complex nature of HDL which comprises a large number of proteins and lipids with unique functions, recent focus has shifted from HDL quantity to HDL quality in terms of atheroprotective functions. The current research is focused on developing laboratory assays to assess HDL functions for cardiovascular risk prediction. Also, HDL mimetics designed based on the key determinants of HDL functions are being investigated to modify cardiovascular risk. Improving HDL functions by altering its composition is the key area of future research in HDL biology to reduce cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Thakkar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Vinnyfred Vincent
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Atanu Sen
- Department of Cardiac Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Archna Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ambuj Roy
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
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10
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Thakkar H, Vincent V, Shukla S, Sra M, Kanga U, Aggarwal S, Singh A. Improvements in cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL and adiponectin contribute to mitigation in cardiovascular disease risk after bariatric surgery in a cohort with morbid obesity. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:46. [PMID: 33865458 PMCID: PMC8053301 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00662-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery can alleviate cardiovascular risk via effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Our study aimed to assess the cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of HDL as a negative risk factor for CVD in individuals with obesity and identify the factors associated with improvement in CEC 3 months following bariatric surgery. METHODS We recruited 40 control individuals (mean BMI of 22.2 kg/m2) and 56 obese individuals (mean BMI of 45.9 kg/m2). The biochemical parameters, inflammatory status and CEC of HDL was measured for the obese individuals before bariatric surgery and at 3 months after surgery. The CEC was measured using a cell-based cholesterol efflux system of BODIPY-cholesterol-labelled THP-1 macrophages. RESULTS A significant reduction in BMI (- 17%, p < 0.001), resolution of insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-IR = - 23.4%, p = 0.002; Adipo IR = - 16%, p = 0.009) and inflammation [log resistin = - 6%, p = 0.07] were observed 3 months post-surgery. CEC significantly improved 3 months after surgery [Pre: 0.91 ± 0.13; Post: 1.02 ± 0.16; p = 0.001] despite a decrease in HDL-C levels. The change in CEC correlated with the change in apo A-I (r = 0.39, p = 0.02) and adiponectin levels (r = 0.35, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION The results suggest that improvements in CEC, through improvement in adipose tissue health in terms of adipokine secretion and insulin sensitivity could be an important pathway in modulating obesity-related CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Thakkar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Room No. 3044, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Vinnyfred Vincent
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Room No. 3044, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sakshi Shukla
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Room No. 3044, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Manraj Sra
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Uma Kanga
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Aggarwal
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Archna Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Room No. 3044, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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11
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Wu N, Bredin SSD, Jamnik VK, Koehle MS, Guan Y, Shellington EM, Li Y, Li J, Warburton DER. Association between physical activity level and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents living with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:62. [PMID: 33712025 PMCID: PMC7955612 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01255-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) related morbidity and premature mortality. Regular physical activity plays an important role in the primary and secondary prevention of CVD, improving overall health and wellbeing. Previous observational studies have examined the associations between self-reported physical activity and CVD risk factors in largely adult Caucasian populations. However, limited work has evaluated the relationship between objectively measured physical activity and CVD risk factors in other ethnicities, particularly Chinese youth living with T1DM. METHODS This cross-sectional study assessed CVD risk factors, physical activity, and aerobic fitness (and their associations) in Chinese youth living with T1DM (n = 48) and peers (n = 19) without T1DM. Primary outcomes included blood pressure, lipid profiles, and physical activity (accelerometry). Statistical differences between groups were determined with chi-square, independent-samples t-tests, or analysis of covariance. The associations between aerobic fitness, daily physical activity variables, and CVD risk factors were assessed with univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses. RESULTS Results were summarized using means and standard deviation (SD) for normally distributed variables and medians and 25-75th quartile for non-normally distributed variables. In comparison to peers without diabetes, youth living with T1DM showed higher levels of total cholesterol (3.14 ± 0.67 vs. 4.03 ± 0.81 mmol·L-1, p = 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.74 ± 0.38 vs. 2.31 ± 0.72 mmol·L-1, p = 0.005), and triglycerides (0.60 ± 0.40 vs. 0.89 ± 0.31 mmol·L-1 p = 0.012), and lower maximal oxygen power (44.43 ± 8.29 vs. 35.48 ± 8.72 mL·kg-1·min-1, p = 0.003), total physical activity counts (451.01 ± 133.52 vs. 346.87 ± 101.97 counts·min-1, p = 0.004), metabolic equivalents (METs) (2.41 ± 0.60 vs. 2.09 ± 0.41 METs, p = 0.033), moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity [MVPA: 89.57 (61.00-124.14) vs (53.19 (35.68-63.16) min, p = 0.001], and the percentage of time spent in MVPA [11.91 (7.74-16.22) vs 8.56 (6.18-10.12) %, p = 0.038]. The level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was positively associated with METs (β = 0.29, p = 0.030, model R2 = 0.168), and the level of triglycerides was negatively associated with physical activity counts (β = - 0.001, p = 0.018, model R2 = 0.205) and METs (β = - 0.359, p = 0.015, model R2 = 0.208), and positively associated with time spent in sedentary behaviour (β = 0.002, p = 0.041, model R2 = 0.156) in persons living with T1DM. CONCLUSIONS Chinese youth with T1DM, despite their young age and short duration of diabetes, present early signs of CVD risk, as well as low physical activity levels and cardiorespiratory fitness compared to apparently healthy peers without diabetes. Regular physical activity is associated with a beneficial cardiovascular profile in T1DM, including improvements in lipid profile. Thus, physical activity participation should be widely promoted in youth living with T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Wu
- Physical Activity Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shannon S D Bredin
- Physical Activity Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Veronica K Jamnik
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael S Koehle
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yanfei Guan
- Physical Activity Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Erin M Shellington
- Physical Activity Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yongfeng Li
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Sport Social Science, Shandong Sport University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Darren E R Warburton
- Physical Activity Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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12
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Adorni MP, Ronda N, Bernini F, Zimetti F. High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Efflux Capacity and Atherosclerosis in Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiological Aspects and Pharmacological Perspectives. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030574. [PMID: 33807918 PMCID: PMC8002038 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the years, the relationship between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and atherosclerosis, initially highlighted by the Framingham study, has been revealed to be extremely complex, due to the multiple HDL functions involved in atheroprotection. Among them, HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), the ability of HDL to promote cell cholesterol efflux from cells, has emerged as a better predictor of cardiovascular (CV) risk compared to merely plasma HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. HDL CEC is impaired in many genetic and pathological conditions associated to high CV risk such as dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, endocrine disorders, etc. The present review describes the current knowledge on HDL CEC modifications in these conditions, focusing on the most recent human studies and on genetic and pathophysiologic aspects. In addition, the most relevant strategies possibly modulating HDL CEC, including lifestyle modifications, as well as nutraceutical and pharmacological interventions, will be discussed. The objective of this review is to help understanding whether, from the current evidence, HDL CEC may be considered as a valid biomarker of CV risk and a potential pharmacological target for novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Adorni
- Unit of Neurosciences, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy;
| | - Nicoletta Ronda
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (N.R.); (F.Z.)
| | - Franco Bernini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (N.R.); (F.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesca Zimetti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (N.R.); (F.Z.)
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13
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Amor AJ, Castelblanco E, Hernández M, Gimenez M, Granado-Casas M, Blanco J, Soldevila B, Esmatjes E, Conget I, Alonso N, Ortega E, Mauricio D. Advanced lipoprotein profile disturbances in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a focus on LDL particles. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020; 19:126. [PMID: 32772924 PMCID: PMC7416413 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-020-01099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipoprotein disturbances have been associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We assessed the advanced lipoprotein profile in T1DM individuals, and analysed differences with non-diabetic counterparts. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 508 adults with T1DM and 347 controls, recruited from institutions in a Mediterranean region of Spain. Conventional and advanced (assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] spectroscopy) lipoprotein profiles were analysed. Crude and adjusted (by age, sex, statin use, body mass index and leukocyte count) comparisons were performed. Results The median (interquartile range) age of the study participants was 45 (38–53) years, 48.2% were men. In the T1DM group, the median diabetes duration was 23 (16–31) years, and 8.1% and 40.2% of individuals had nephropathy and retinopathy, respectively. The proportion of participants with hypertension (29.5 vs. 9.2%), and statin use (45.7% vs. 8.1%) was higher in the T1DM vs. controls (p < 0.001). The T1DM group had a better conventional (all parameters, p < 0.001) and NMR-lipid profile than the control group. Thus, T1DM individuals showed lower concentrations of atherogenic lipoproteins (VLDL-particles and LDL-particles) and higher concentrations of anti-atherogenic lipoproteins (HDL-particles) vs. controls, even after adjusting for several confounders (p < 0.001 for all). While non-diabetic women had a more favourable lipid profile than non-diabetic men, women with T1DM had a similar concentration of LDL-particles compared to men with T1DM (1231 [1125–1383] vs. 1257 [1128–1383] nmol/L, p = 0.849), and a similar concentration of small-LDL-particles to non-diabetic women (672.8 [614.2–733.9] vs. 671.2 [593.5–761.4] nmol/L, respectively; p = 0.790). Finally, T1DM individuals showed higher discrepancies between NMR-LDL-particles and conventional LDL-cholesterol than non-diabetic subjects (prevalence of LDL-cholesterol < 100 mg/dL & LDL-particles > 1000 nmol/L: 38 vs. 21.2%; p < 0.001). All these differences were largely unchanged in participants without lipid-lowering drugs (T1DM, n = 275; controls, n = 317). Conclusions Overall, T1DM participants showed a more favourable conventional and NMR-lipid profile than controls. However, the NMR-assessment identified several lipoprotein derangements in LDL-particles among the T1DM population (higher discrepancies in NMR-LDL-particles vs. conventional LDL-cholesterol; a worse profile in T1DM women) that were overlooked in the conventional analysis. Further studies are needed to elucidate their role in the development of CVD in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Amor
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Diabetes Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'investigacions biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esmeralda Castelblanco
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau & Institut d'Investigació Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Quintí, 89, 08041, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain.,DAP-Cat Group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 08006, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Hernández
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova & Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Lleida (IRB Lleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Marga Gimenez
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Diabetes Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'investigacions biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Minerva Granado-Casas
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau & Institut d'Investigació Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Quintí, 89, 08041, Barcelona, Spain.,DAP-Cat Group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 08006, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida & University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Jesús Blanco
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Diabetes Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'investigacions biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Berta Soldevila
- Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Health Sciences Research Institute & University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Enric Esmatjes
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Diabetes Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'investigacions biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Conget
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Diabetes Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'investigacions biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Alonso
- Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Health Sciences Research Institute & University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Emilio Ortega
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Diabetes Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institut d'investigacions biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain. .,Center for Biomedical Research on Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Didac Mauricio
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau & Institut d'Investigació Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Quintí, 89, 08041, Barcelona, Spain. .,Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain. .,Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida & University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
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14
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Manandhar B, Cochran BJ, Rye KA. Role of High-Density Lipoproteins in Cholesterol Homeostasis and Glycemic Control. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 9:e013531. [PMID: 31888429 PMCID: PMC6988162 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.013531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Manandhar
- Lipid Research Group School of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Blake J Cochran
- Lipid Research Group School of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- Lipid Research Group School of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
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15
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Sobczak AIS, Stewart AJ. Coagulatory Defects in Type-1 and Type-2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6345. [PMID: 31888259 PMCID: PMC6940903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes (both type-1 and type-2) affects millions of individuals worldwide. A major cause of death for individuals with diabetes is cardiovascular diseases, in part since both types of diabetes lead to physiological changes that affect haemostasis. Those changes include altered concentrations of coagulatory proteins, hyper-activation of platelets, changes in metal ion homeostasis, alterations in lipid metabolism (leading to lipotoxicity in the heart and atherosclerosis), the presence of pro-coagulatory microparticles and endothelial dysfunction. In this review, we explore the different mechanisms by which diabetes leads to an increased risk of developing coagulatory disorders and how this differs between type-1 and type-2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan J. Stewart
- Medical and Biological Sciences Building, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, UK;
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16
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Gourgari E, Ma J, Playford MP, Mehta NN, Goldman R, Remaley AT, Gordon SM. Proteomic alterations of HDL in youth with type 1 diabetes and their associations with glycemic control: a case-control study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019; 18:43. [PMID: 30922315 PMCID: PMC6437869 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-019-0846-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) typically have normal or even elevated plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations; however, HDL protein composition can be altered without a change in cholesterol content. Alteration of the HDL proteome can result in dysfunctional HDL particles with reduced ability to protect against cardiovascular disease (CVD). The objective of this study was to compare the HDL proteomes of youth with T1DM and healthy controls (HC) and to evaluate the influence of glycemic control on HDL protein composition. Methods This was a cross-sectional case–control study. Blood samples were obtained from patients with T1DM and HC. HDL was isolated from plasma by size-exclusion chromatography and further purified using a lipid binding resin. The HDL proteome was analyzed by mass spectrometry using label-free SWATH peptide quantification. Results Samples from 26 patients with T1DM and 13 HC were analyzed and 78 HDL-bound proteins were measured. Youth with T1DM had significantly increased amounts of complement factor H related protein 2 (FHR2; adjusted P < 0.05), compared to HC. When patients were analyzed based on glucose control, several trends emerged. Some proteins were altered in T1DM and not influenced by glycemic control (e.g. FHR2) while others were partially or completely corrected with optimal glucose control (e.g. alpha-1-beta glycoprotein, A1BG). In a subgroup of poorly controlled T1DM patients, inter alpha trypsin inhibitor 4 (ITIH4) was dramatically elevated (P < 0.0001) and this was partially reversed in patients with optimal glucose control. Some proteins including complement component C3 (CO3) and albumin (ALB) were significantly different only in T1DM patients with optimal glucose control, suggesting a possible effect of exogenous insulin. Conclusions Youth with T1DM have proteomic alterations of their HDL compared to HC, despite similar concentration of HDL cholesterol. The influence of these compositional changes on HDL function are not yet known. Future efforts should focus on investigating the role of these HDL associated proteins in regard to HDL function and their role in CVD risk in patients with T1DM. Trial registration NCT02275091 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12933-019-0846-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Gourgari
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20016, USA.
| | - Junfeng Ma
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Martin P Playford
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nehal N Mehta
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Radoslav Goldman
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Scott M Gordon
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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