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Wang X, Li D, Yue S, Yuan Z, Li S. A Rare Mono-Rhamnolipid Congener Efficiently Produced by Recombinant Pseudomonas aeruginosa YM4 via the Expression of Global Transcriptional Regulator irrE. Molecules 2024; 29:1992. [PMID: 38731483 PMCID: PMC11085080 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhamnolipids (RLs) are widely used biosurfactants produced mainly by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia spp. in the form of mixtures of diverse congeners. The global transcriptional regulator gene irrE from radiation-tolerant extremophiles has been widely used as a stress-resistant element to construct robust producer strains and improve their production performance. A PrhlA-irrE cassette was constructed to express irrE genes in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa YM4 of the rhamnolipids producer strain. We found that the expression of irrE of Deinococcus radiodurans in the YM4 strain not only enhanced rhamnolipid production and the strain's tolerance to environmental stresses, but also changed the composition of the rhamnolipid products. The synthesized rhamnolipids reached a maximum titer of 26 g/L, about 17.9% higher than the original, at 48 h. The rhamnolipid production of the recombinant strain was determined to be mono-rhamnolipids congener Rha-C10-C12, accounting for 94.1% of total products. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) value of the Rha-C10-C12 products was 62.5 mg/L and the air-water surface tension decreased to 25.5 mN/m. The Rha-C10-C12 products showed better emulsifying activity on diesel oil than the original products. This is the first report on the efficient production of the rare mono-rhamnolipids congener Rha-C10-C12 and the first report that the global regulator irrE can change the components of rhamnolipid products in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (X.W.); (D.L.)
| | - Dongmei Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (X.W.); (D.L.)
| | - Shenghui Yue
- Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering and Technology, Sinopec Shengli Oilfield, Co., Ltd., Dongying 257000, China; (S.Y.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zhangzhong Yuan
- Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering and Technology, Sinopec Shengli Oilfield, Co., Ltd., Dongying 257000, China; (S.Y.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (X.W.); (D.L.)
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Liu MD, Du Y, Koupaei SK, Kim NR, Fischer MS, Zhang W, Traxler MF. Surface-active antibiotic production as a multifunctional adaptation for postfire microorganisms. THE ISME JOURNAL 2024; 18:wrae022. [PMID: 38366029 PMCID: PMC11069360 DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Wildfires affect soils in multiple ways, leading to numerous challenges for colonizing microorganisms. Although it is thought that fire-adapted microorganisms lie at the forefront of postfire ecosystem recovery, the specific strategies that these organisms use to thrive in burned soils remain largely unknown. Through bioactivity screening of bacterial isolates from burned soils, we discovered that several Paraburkholderia spp. isolates produced a set of unusual rhamnolipid surfactants with a natural methyl ester modification. These rhamnolipid methyl esters (RLMEs) exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activity against other postfire microbial isolates, including pyrophilous Pyronema fungi and Amycolatopsis bacteria, compared to the typical rhamnolipids made by organisms such as Pseudomonas spp. RLMEs also showed enhanced surfactant properties and facilitated bacterial motility on agar surfaces. In vitro assays further demonstrated that RLMEs improved aqueous solubilization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which are potential carbon sources found in char. Identification of the rhamnolipid biosynthesis genes in the postfire isolate, Paraburkholderia kirstenboschensis str. F3, led to the discovery of rhlM, whose gene product is responsible for the unique methylation of rhamnolipid substrates. RhlM is the first characterized bacterial representative of a large class of integral membrane methyltransferases that are widespread in bacteria. These results indicate multiple roles for RLMEs in the postfire lifestyle of Paraburkholderia isolates, including enhanced dispersal, solubilization of potential nutrients, and inhibition of competitors. Our findings shed new light on the chemical adaptations that bacteria employ to navigate, grow, and outcompete other soil community members in postfire environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira D Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Yongle Du
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Sara K Koupaei
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Nicole R Kim
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Monika S Fischer
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Matthew F Traxler
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
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Neves D, Meinen D, Alter TB, Blank LM, Ebert BE. Expanding Pseudomonas taiwanensis VLB120's acyl-CoA portfolio: Propionate production in mineral salt medium. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14309. [PMID: 37537795 PMCID: PMC10832534 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the main precursors, acetyl-CoA leads to the predominant production of even-chain products. From an industrial biotechnology perspective, extending the acyl-CoA portfolio of a cell factory is vital to producing industrial relevant odd-chain alcohols, acids, ketones and polyketides. The bioproduction of odd-chain molecules can be facilitated by incorporating propionyl-CoA into the metabolic network. The shortest pathway for propionyl-CoA production, which relies on succinyl-CoA catabolism encoded by the sleeping beauty mutase operon, was evaluated in Pseudomonas taiwanensis VLB120. A single genomic copy of the sleeping beauty mutase genes scpA, argK and scpB combined with the deletion of the methylcitrate synthase PVLB_08385 was sufficient to observe propionyl-CoA accumulation in this Pseudomonas. The chassis' capability for odd-chain product synthesis was assessed by expressing an acyl-CoA hydrolase, which enabled propionate synthesis. Three fed-batch strategies during bioreactor fermentations were benchmarked for propionate production, in which a maximal propionate titre of 2.8 g L-1 was achieved. Considering that the fermentations were carried out in mineral salt medium under aerobic conditions and that a single genome copy drove propionyl-CoA production, this result highlights the potential of Pseudomonas to produce propionyl-CoA derived, odd-chain products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dário Neves
- Institute of Applied Microbiology‐iAMB, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology‐ABBtRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Daniel Meinen
- Institute of Applied Microbiology‐iAMB, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology‐ABBtRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Tobias B. Alter
- Institute of Applied Microbiology‐iAMB, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology‐ABBtRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Lars M. Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology‐iAMB, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology‐ABBtRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Birgitta E. Ebert
- Institute of Applied Microbiology‐iAMB, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology‐ABBtRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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Weaver AA, Parmar D, Junker EA, Sweedler JV, Shrout JD. Differential Spreading of Rhamnolipid Congeners from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:4914-4921. [PMID: 37878954 PMCID: PMC11107424 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Rhamnolipids are surfactants produced by many Pseudomonad bacteria, including the species Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These rhamnolipids are known to aid and enable numerous phenotypic traits that improve the survival of the bacteria that make them. These surfactants are also important for industrial products ranging from pharmaceuticals to cleaning supplies to cosmetics, to name a few. Rhamnolipids have structural diversity that leads to an array of congeners; however, little is known about the localization and distribution of these congeners in two-dimensional space. Differential distribution of congeners can reduce the uniformity of applications in industrial settings and create heterogeneity within biological communities. We examined the distribution patterns of combinations of rhamnolipids in commercially available mixtures, cell-free spent media, and colony biofilms using mass spectrometry. We found that even in the absence of cells, congeners exhibit different distribution patterns, leading to different rhamnolipid congener distributions on a surface. Congeners with shorter fatty acid chains were more centrally located, while longer chains were more heterogeneous and distally located. We found that congeners with similar structures can distribute differently. Within developing colony biofilms, we found rhamnolipid distribution patterns differed from cell-free environments, lacking simple trends noted in cell-free environments. Most strikingly, we found the distribution patterns of individual congeners in the colony biofilms to be diverse. We note that the congener distribution is far from homogeneous but composed of numerous local microenvironments of varied rhamnolipid congener composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail A. Weaver
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Dharmeshkumar Parmar
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ella A. Junker
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jonathan V. Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Joshua D. Shrout
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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Liu MD, Du Y, Koupaei SK, Kim NR, Zhang W, Traxler MF. Surface-active antibiotic production is a multifunctional adaptation for postfire microbes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.17.553728. [PMID: 37645719 PMCID: PMC10462131 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.17.553728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Wildfires affect soils in multiple ways, leading to numerous challenges for colonizing microbes. While it is thought that fire-adapted microbes lie at the forefront of postfire ecosystem recovery, the specific strategies that these microbes use to thrive in burned soils remain largely unknown. Through bioactivity screening of bacterial isolates from burned soils, we discovered that several Paraburkholderia spp. isolates produced a set of unusual rhamnolipid surfactants with a natural methyl ester modification. These rhamnolipid methyl esters (RLMEs) exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activity against other postfire microbial isolates, including pyrophilous Pyronema fungi and Amycolatopsis bacteria, compared to the typical rhamnolipids made by organisms such as Pseudomonas spp . RLMEs also showed enhanced surfactant properties and facilitated bacterial motility on agar surfaces. In vitro assays further demonstrated that RLMEs improved aqueous solubilization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which are potential carbon sources found in char. Identification of the rhamnolipid biosynthesis genes in the postfire isolate, Paraburkholderia caledonica str. F3, led to the discovery of rhlM , whose gene product is responsible for the unique methylation of rhamnolipid substrates. RhlM is the first characterized bacterial representative of a large class of integral membrane methyltransferases that are widespread in bacteria. These results indicate multiple roles for RLMEs in the postfire lifestyle of Paraburkholderia isolates, including enhanced dispersal, solubilization of potential nutrients, and inhibition of competitors. Our findings shed new light on the chemical adaptations that bacteria employ in order to navigate, grow, and outcompete other soil community members in postfire environments. Significance Statement Wildfires are increasing in frequency and intensity at a global scale. Microbes are the first colonizers of soil after fire events, but the adaptations that help these organisms survive in postfire environments are poorly understood. In this work, we show that a bacterium isolated from burned soil produces an unusual rhamnolipid biosurfactant that exhibits antimicrobial activity, enhances motility, and solubilizes potential nutrients derived from pyrolyzed organic matter. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that bacteria leverage specialized metabolites with multiple functions to meet the demands of life in postfire environments. Furthermore, this work reveals the potential of probing perturbed environments for the discovery of unique compounds and enzymes.
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Kumari R, Singha LP, Shukla P. Biotechnological potential of microbial bio-surfactants, their significance, and diverse applications. FEMS MICROBES 2023; 4:xtad015. [PMID: 37614639 PMCID: PMC10442721 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtad015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, there is a huge demand for chemically available surfactants in many industries, irrespective of their detrimental impact on the environment. Naturally occurring green sustainable substances have been proven to be the best alternative for reducing reliance on chemical surfactants and promoting long-lasting sustainable development. The most frequently utilized green active biosurfactants, which are made by bacteria, yeast, and fungi, are discussed in this review. These biosurfactants are commonly originated from contaminated sites, the marine ecosystem, and the natural environment, and it holds great potential for environmental sustainability. In this review, we described the importance of biosurfactants for the environment, including their biodegradability, low toxicity, environmental compatibility, and stability at a wide pH range. In this review, we have also described the various techniques that have been utilized to characterize and screen the generation of microbial biosurfactants. Also, we reviewed the potential of biosurfactants and its emerging applications in the foods, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and agricultural industries. In addition, we also discussed the ways to overcome problems with expensive costs such as low-cost substrate media formulation, gravitational techniques, and solvent-free foam fractionation for extraction that could be employed during biosurfactant production on a larger scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuka Kumari
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Lairenjam Paikhomba Singha
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer-305817, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Baccile N, Poirier A, Perez J, Pernot P, Hermida-Merino D, Le Griel P, Blesken CC, Müller C, Blank LM, Tiso T. Self-Assembly of Rhamnolipid Bioamphiphiles: Understanding the Structure-Property Relationship Using Small-Angle X-ray Scattering. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 37379248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The structure-property relationship of rhamnolipids, RLs, well-known microbial bioamphiphiles (biosurfactants), is explored in detail by coupling cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and both ex situ and in situ small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The self-assembly of three RLs with reasoned variation of their molecular structure (RhaC10, RhaC10C10, and RhaRhaC10C10) and a rhamnose-free C10C10 fatty acid is studied in water as a function of pH. It is found that RhaC10 and RhaRhaC10C10 form micelles in a broad pH range and RhaC10C10 undergoes a micelle-to-vesicle transition from basic to acid pH occurring at pH 6.5. Modeling coupled to fitting SAXS data allows a good estimation of the hydrophobic core radius (or length), the hydrophilic shell thickness, the aggregation number, and the surface area per RL. The essentially micellar morphology found for RhaC10 and RhaRhaC10C10 and the micelle-to-vesicle transition found for RhaC10C10 are reasonably well explained by employing the packing parameter (PP) model, provided a good estimation of the surface area per RL. On the contrary, the PP model fails to explain the lamellar phase found for the protonated RhaRhaC10C10 at acidic pH. The lamellar phase can only be explained by values of the surface area per RL being counterintuitively small for a di-rhamnose group and folding of the C10C10 chain. These structural features are only possible for a change in the conformation of the di-rhamnose group between the alkaline and acidic pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Baccile
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, LCMCP, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Poirier
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, LCMCP, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Javier Perez
- Synchrotron Soleil, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette 91190, France
| | - Petra Pernot
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Daniel Hermida-Merino
- Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), DUBBLE@ESRF BP CS40220, 38043 Grenoble, France
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Patrick Le Griel
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, LCMCP, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Christian C Blesken
- iAMB - Institute ofApplied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Conrad Müller
- iAMB - Institute ofApplied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- iAMB - Institute ofApplied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- iAMB - Institute ofApplied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
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Adu SA, Twigg MS, Naughton PJ, Marchant R, Banat IM. Glycolipid Biosurfactants in Skincare Applications: Challenges and Recommendations for Future Exploitation. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114463. [PMID: 37298939 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The 21st century has seen a substantial increase in the industrial applications of glycolipid biosurfactant technology. The market value of the glycolipid class of molecules, sophorolipids, was estimated to be USD 409.84 million in 2021, with that of rhamnolipid molecules projected to reach USD 2.7 billion by 2026. In the skincare industry, sophorolipid and rhamnolipid biosurfactants have demonstrated the potential to offer a natural, sustainable, and skin-compatible alternative to synthetically derived surfactant compounds. However, there are still many barriers to the wide-scale market adoption of glycolipid technology. These barriers include low product yield (particularly for rhamnolipids) and potential pathogenicity of some native glycolipid-producing microorganisms. Additionally, the use of impure preparations and/or poorly characterised congeners as well as low-throughput methodologies in the safety and bioactivity assessment of sophorolipids and rhamnolipids challenges their increased utilisation in both academic research and skincare applications. This review considers the current trend towards the utilisation of sophorolipid and rhamnolipid biosurfactants as substitutes to synthetically derived surfactant molecules in skincare applications, the challenges associated with their application, and relevant solutions proposed by the biotechnology industry. In addition, we recommend experimental techniques/methodologies, which, if employed, could contribute significantly to increasing the acceptance of glycolipid biosurfactants for use in skincare applications while maintaining consistency in biosurfactant research outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simms A Adu
- The Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Matthew S Twigg
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Group, Biomedical Science Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Patrick J Naughton
- The Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Roger Marchant
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Group, Biomedical Science Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Ibrahim M Banat
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Group, Biomedical Science Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
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Miró-Vinyals B, Artigues M, Wostrikoff K, Monte E, Broto-Puig F, Leivar P, Planas A. Chloroplast engineering of the green microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii for the production of HAA, the lipid moiety of rhamnolipid biosurfactants. N Biotechnol 2023; 76:1-12. [PMID: 37004923 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyalkanoyloxyalkanoates (HAA) are lipidic surfactants with a number of potential applications, but more remarkably, they are the biosynthetic precursors of rhamnolipids (RL), which are preferred biosurfactants thanks to their excellent physicochemical properties, biological activities, and environmental biodegradability. Because the natural highest producer of RLs is the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, important efforts have been dedicated to transfer production to heterologous non-pathogenic microorganisms. Unicellular photosynthetic microalgae are emerging as important hosts for sustainable industrial biotechnology due to their ability to transform CO2 efficiently into biomass and bioproducts of interest. Here, we have explored the potential of the eukaryotic green microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a chassis to produce RLs. Chloroplast genome engineering allowed the stable functional expression of the gene encoding RhlA acyltransferase from P. aeruginosa, an enzyme catalyzing the condensation of two 3-hydroxyacyl acid intermediaries in the fatty acid synthase cycle, to produce HAA. Four congeners of varying chain lengths were identified and quantified by UHPLC-QTOF mass spectrometry and gas chromatography, including C10-C10 and C10-C8, and the less abundant C10-C12 and C10-C6 congeners. HAA was present in the intracellular fraction, but also showed increased accumulation in the extracellular medium. Moreover, HAA production was also observed under photoautotrophic conditions based on atmospheric CO2. These results establish that RhlA is active in the chloroplast and is able to produce a new pool of HAA in a eukaryotic host. Subsequent engineering of microalgal strains should contribute to the development of an alternative clean, safe and cost-effective platform for the sustainable production of RLs. DATA AVAILABILITY: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding authors upon reasonable request.
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Zhao F, Wang B, Yuan M, Ren S. Comparative study on antimicrobial activity of mono-rhamnolipid and di-rhamnolipid and exploration of cost-effective antimicrobial agents for agricultural applications. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:221. [PMID: 36274139 PMCID: PMC9590131 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01950-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chemical pesticides have defects in crop diseases control, such as narrow antimicrobial spectrum, chemicals residue risk and harm to farmland ecosystem. Antimicrobial agents from microbial sources are highly interested in agriculture. Studies showed that rhamnolipid biosurfactants possessed certain antimicrobial activity. The structural differences in rhamnolipid inevitably affect their activities. But the antimicrobial effect of mono-rhamnolipid and di-rhamnolipid is unknown. Rhamnolipid with unique structure can be produced using specific microbial cell factory. Results Different types of rhamnolipid were produced from different Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Rha-C10-C10 and Rha-Rha-C10-C10 were the main homologues in the separated mono-rhamnolipid and di-rhamnolipid, respectively. Both mono-rhamnolipid and di-rhamnolipid exhibited certain antimicrobial activity against the tested microbial strains, especially the fungi and Gram-positive bacteria. But mono-rhamnolipid was superior to di-rhamnolipid, with inhibition zone diameters larger than 25 mm and inhibition rate higher than 90%. The IC50 values of mono-rhamnolipid were lower than 5 mg/L against the tested bacterium and fungus, whereas the IC50 values of di-rhamnolipid were ranged from 10 mg/L to 20 mg/L. Mono-rhamnolipid stimulated the tested strains to generate higher level of intracellular ROS. Mono-rhamnolipid exhibited better antimicrobial activity to the potential agricultural pathogens, such as Alternaria alternata, Pantoea agglomerans and Cladosporium sp. The mono-rhamnolipid crude extract of strain P. aeruginosa SGΔrhlC can replace the separated mono-rhamnolipid. After 50 times dilution, the fermentation broth of the mono-rhamnolipid producing strain SGΔrhlC exhibited equal antimicrobial effect to mono-rhamnolipid (200 mg/L). Prospects of mono-rhamnolipid were also discussed for antimicrobial applications in agriculture. Conclusions This work discovered that mono-rhamnolipid was superior to di-rhamnolipid on antimicrobial activity for agricultural applications. Mono-rhamnolipid is an excellent candidate for agricultural biocontrol. The knockout strain P. aeruginosa SGΔrhlC is an excellent microbial cell factory for high producing mono-rhamnolipid. Its mono-rhamnolipid crude extract and its diluted fermentation broth are cost-effective antimicrobial agents. This work provided new insights to develop green and efficient antimicrobial agents for agricultural applications.
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Tiso T, Filbig M, Peschel G, Weiser S, Blank L, Regestein L. From gene to process: Biosurfactant production by
Pseudomonas putida. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202255318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Tiso
- RWTH Aachen University Institute of Applied Microbiology Worringer Weg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - M. Filbig
- RWTH Aachen University Institute of Applied Microbiology Worringer Weg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - G. Peschel
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans-Knöll-Institute Bio Pilot Plant Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 23 07745 Jena Germany
| | - S. Weiser
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans-Knöll-Institute Bio Pilot Plant Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 23 07745 Jena Germany
| | - L. Blank
- RWTH Aachen University Institute of Applied Microbiology Worringer Weg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - L. Regestein
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans-Knöll-Institute Bio Pilot Plant Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 23 07745 Jena Germany
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Di- and Mono-Rhamnolipids Produced by the Pseudomonas putida PP021 Isolate Significantly Enhance the Degree of Recovery of Heavy Oil from the Romashkino Oil Field (Tatarstan, Russia). Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10040779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Around the globe, only 30–50% of the amount of oil estimated to be in reservoirs (“original oil in place”) can be obtained using primary and secondary oil recovery methods. Enhanced oil recovery methods are required in the oil processing industry, and the use of microbially produced amphiphilic molecules (biosurfactants) is considered a promising efficient and environmentally friendly method. In the present study, biosurfactants produced by the Pseudomonas putida PP021 isolate were extracted and characterized, and their potential to enhance oil recovery was demonstrated. It was found that the cell-free biosurfactant-containing supernatant decreased the air–water interface tension from 74 to 28 mN m−1. Using TLC and FTIR methods, the biosurfactants produced by the isolate were classified as mono- and di-rhamnolipid mixtures. In the isolates’ genome, the genes rhlB and rhlC, encoding enzymes involved in the synthesis of mono- and di-rhamnolipids, respectively, were revealed. Both genes were expressed when the strain was cultivated on glycerol nitrate medium. As follows from the sand-packed column and core flooding simulations, biosurfactants produced by P. putida PP021 significantly enhance the degree of recovery, resulting in additional 27% and 21%, respectively.
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13
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Blunt W, Blanchard C, Morley K. Effects of environmental parameters on microbial rhamnolipid biosynthesis and bioreactor strategies for enhanced productivity. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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14
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Environmental Impacts of Biosurfactants from a Life Cycle Perspective: A Systematic Literature Review. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 181:235-269. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2021_194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Process Development in Biosurfactant Production. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 181:195-233. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2021_195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Tiso T, Winter B, Wei R, Hee J, de Witt J, Wierckx N, Quicker P, Bornscheuer UT, Bardow A, Nogales J, Blank LM. The metabolic potential of plastics as biotechnological carbon sources - Review and targets for the future. Metab Eng 2021; 71:77-98. [PMID: 34952231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The plastic crisis requires drastic measures, especially for the plastics' end-of-life. Mixed plastic fractions are currently difficult to recycle, but microbial metabolism might open new pathways. With new technologies for degradation of plastics to oligo- and monomers, these carbon sources can be used in biotechnology for the upcycling of plastic waste to valuable products, such as bioplastics and biosurfactants. We briefly summarize well-known monomer degradation pathways and computed their theoretical yields for industrially interesting products. With this information in hand, we calculated replacement scenarios of existing fossil-based synthesis routes for the same products. Thereby, we highlight fossil-based products for which plastic monomers might be attractive alternative carbon sources. Notably, not the highest yield of product on substrate of the biochemical route, but rather the (in-)efficiency of the petrochemical routes (i.e., carbon, energy use) determines the potential of biochemical plastic upcycling. Our results might serve as a guide for future metabolic engineering efforts towards a sustainable plastic economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Tiso
- Institute of Applied Microbiology - iAMB, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology - ABBt, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Winter
- Energy & Process Systems Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Ren Wei
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Johann Hee
- Unit of Technology of Fuels, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan de Witt
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Nick Wierckx
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Peter Quicker
- Unit of Technology of Fuels, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Uwe T Bornscheuer
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - André Bardow
- Energy & Process Systems Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK 10), Research Center Jülich GmbH, Germany
| | - Juan Nogales
- Department of Systems Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics Towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lars M Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology - iAMB, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology - ABBt, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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17
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Godoy P, García-Franco A, Recio MI, Ramos JL, Duque E. Synthesis of aromatic amino acids from 2G lignocellulosic substrates. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:1931-1943. [PMID: 34403199 PMCID: PMC8449653 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas putida is a highly solvent‐resistant microorganism and useful chassis for the production of value‐added compounds from lignocellulosic residues, in particular aromatic compounds that are made from phenylalanine. The use of these agricultural residues requires a two‐step treatment to release the components of the polysaccharides of cellulose and hemicellulose as monomeric sugars, the most abundant monomers being glucose and xylose. Pan‐genomic studies have shown that Pseudomonas putida metabolizes glucose through three convergent pathways to yield 6‐phosphogluconate and subsequently metabolizes it through the Entner–Doudoroff pathway, but the strains do not degrade xylose. The valorization of both sugars is critical from the point of view of economic viability of the process. For this reason, a P. putida strain was endowed with the ability to metabolize xylose via the xylose isomerase pathway, by incorporating heterologous catabolic genes that convert this C5 sugar into intermediates of the pentose phosphate cycle. In addition, the open reading frame T1E_2822, encoding glucose dehydrogenase, was knocked‐out to avoid the production of the dead‐end product xylonate. We generated a set of DOT‐T1E‐derived strains that metabolized glucose and xylose simultaneously in culture medium and that reached high cell density with generation times of around 100 min with glucose and around 300 min with xylose. The strains grew in 2G hydrolysates from diluted acid and steam explosion pretreated corn stover and sugarcane straw. During growth, the strains metabolized > 98% of glucose, > 96% xylose and > 85% acetic acid. In 2G hydrolysates P. putida 5PL, a DOT‐T1E derivative strain that carries up to five independent mutations to avoid phenylalanine metabolism, accumulated this amino acid in the medium. We constructed P. putida 5PLΔgcd (xylABE) that produced up to 250 mg l−1 of phenylalanine when grown in 2G pretreated corn stover or sugarcane straw. These results support as a proof of concept the potential of P. putida as a chassis for 2G processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Godoy
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, c/Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - Ana García-Franco
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, c/Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - María-Isabel Recio
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, c/Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain.,BioEnterprise Master Program, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan-Luis Ramos
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, c/Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - Estrella Duque
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, c/Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
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18
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Bongartz P, Bator I, Baitalow K, Keller R, Tiso T, Blank LM, Wessling M. A scalable bubble-free membrane aerator for biosurfactant production. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:3545-3558. [PMID: 34002856 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The bioeconomy is a paramount pillar in the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Still, the industrialization of bioprocesses is limited by economical and technical obstacles. The synthesis of biosurfactants as advanced substitutes for crude-oil-based surfactants is often restrained by excessive foaming. We present the synergistic combination of simulations and experiments towards a reactor design of a submerged membrane module for the efficient bubble-free aeration of bioreactors. A digital twin of the combined bioreactor and membrane aeration module was created and the membrane arrangement was optimized in computational fluid dynamics studies with respect to fluid mixing. The optimized design was prototyped and tested in whole-cell biocatalysis to produce rhamnolipid biosurfactants from sugars. Without any foam formation, the new design enables a considerable higher space-time yield compared to previous studies with membrane modules. The design approach of this study is of generic nature beyond rhamnolipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bongartz
- Chemical Process Engineering (AVT.CVT), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Isabel Bator
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Applied Microbiology, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kristina Baitalow
- Chemical Process Engineering (AVT.CVT), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert Keller
- Chemical Process Engineering (AVT.CVT), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars Mathias Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Wessling
- Chemical Process Engineering (AVT.CVT), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,DWI Leibniz - Institute for Interactive Materials, Aachen, Germany
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19
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Karongo R, Jiao J, Gross H, Lämmerhofer M. Direct enantioselective gradient reversed-phase ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for 3-hydroxy alkanoic acids in lipopeptides on an immobilized 1.6 μm amylose-based chiral stationary phase. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:1875-1883. [PMID: 33666325 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
3-Hydroxy fatty acids are important chiral building blocks of lipopeptides and metabolic intermediates of fatty acid oxidation, respectively. The analysis of the stereochemistry of such biomolecules has significant practical impact to elucidate and assign the enzymatic specificity of the biosynthesis machinery. In this work, a new mass spectrometry compatible direct chiral ultra high performance liquid chromatography separation method for 3-hydroxy fatty acids without derivatization is presented. The application of amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenyl carbamate) based polysaccharide chiral stationary phase immobilized on 1.6 μm silica particles (CHIRALPAK IA-U) allows the enantioseparation of 3-hydroxy fatty acids under generic electrospray ionization mass spectrometry friendly reversed phase gradient elution conditions. Adequate separation factors were achieved with both acetonitrile and methanol as organic modifiers, covering hydrocarbon chain lengths between C6 and C14 . Elution orders were derived from rhamnolipid (R-95) of which enantiomerically pure or enriched (R)-3-hydroxy fatty acids were recovered after ester hydrolysis. The S-configured acids consistently eluted before the respective R-enantiomers. The method was successfully applied for the elucidation of the absolute configuration of 3-hydroxy fatty acids originating from a novel lipopeptide with unknown structure. The work furthermore demonstrates that gradient elution is a viable option also in enantioselective (ultra)high performance liquid chromatography, even for analytes with modest separation factors, although less commonly exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Karongo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Junjing Jiao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Harald Gross
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
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20
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Tiso T, Narancic T, Wei R, Pollet E, Beagan N, Schröder K, Honak A, Jiang M, Kenny ST, Wierckx N, Perrin R, Avérous L, Zimmermann W, O'Connor K, Blank LM. Towards bio-upcycling of polyethylene terephthalate. Metab Eng 2021; 66:167-178. [PMID: 33865980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Over 359 million tons of plastics were produced worldwide in 2018, with significant growth expected in the near future, resulting in the global challenge of end-of-life management. The recent identification of enzymes that degrade plastics previously considered non-biodegradable opens up opportunities to steer the plastic recycling industry into the realm of biotechnology. Here, the sequential conversion of post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) into two types of bioplastics is presented: a medium chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) and a novel bio-based poly(amide urethane) (bio-PU). PET films are hydrolyzed by a thermostable polyester hydrolase yielding highly pure terephthalate and ethylene glycol. The obtained hydrolysate is used directly as a feedstock for a terephthalate-degrading Pseudomonas umsongensis GO16, also evolved to efficiently metabolize ethylene glycol, to produce PHA. The strain is further modified to secrete hydroxyalkanoyloxy-alkanoates (HAAs), which are used as monomers for the chemo-catalytic synthesis of bio-PU. In short, a novel value-chain for PET upcycling is shown that circumvents the costly purification of PET monomers, adding technological flexibility to the global challenge of end-of-life management of plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Tiso
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology. ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tanja Narancic
- BiOrbic - SFI Bioeconomy Research Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science and UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ren Wei
- Department of Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology, Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 23, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eric Pollet
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Strasbourg University, 25 rue Becquerel, F-67087, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Niall Beagan
- BiOrbic - SFI Bioeconomy Research Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Katja Schröder
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology. ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Annett Honak
- Department of Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology, Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 23, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mengying Jiang
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Strasbourg University, 25 rue Becquerel, F-67087, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France; SOPREMA, 14 rue de Saint-Nazaire, F-67025 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Shane T Kenny
- Bioplastech Ltd., NovaUCD, Belfield Innovation Park, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Nick Wierckx
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology. ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Rémi Perrin
- SOPREMA, 14 rue de Saint-Nazaire, F-67025 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Luc Avérous
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Strasbourg University, 25 rue Becquerel, F-67087, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Wolfgang Zimmermann
- Department of Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology, Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 23, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kevin O'Connor
- BiOrbic - SFI Bioeconomy Research Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science and UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Lars M Blank
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology. ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany.
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21
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Rhamnolipids Application for the Removal of Vanadium from Contaminated Sediment. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:1949-1960. [PMID: 33811507 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02445-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of biosurfactants in bioremediation of hydrocarbons and in the removal of heavy metals in crude oils is considered an attractive subject. The vanadium pollution in soil and sediments had attracted research interest in exploring eco-friendly methods of remediation. The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential of a biosurfactant to remove vanadium from artificially contaminated sand. The biosurfactant producer's strain selection process was carried out from 23 strains in two steps. In the primary screening, four preliminary tests were carried out: the emulsification index (24 and 72 h), the surface tension, and the rate of bacterial adhesion to hydrocarbons. In the secondary screening, the surface tension and rhamnolipids concentration were determined, also critical micellar concentration and dilution were calculated. The RNA 16s of selected strain was sequence and the strain was identified as Pseudomonas sp. By chromatographic and spectroscopic assays, the structure of the rhamnolipids was determined. The maximal vanadium removal efficiency (85.5%) was achieved with a rhamnolipids' concentration of 240 mg l-1. The vanadium concentration was determined by spectroscopic technique. Rhamnolipids produced by this strain can potentially be used in the removal of vanadium.
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22
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Herzog M, Li L, Blesken CC, Welsing G, Tiso T, Blank LM, Winter R. Impact of the number of rhamnose moieties of rhamnolipids on the structure, lateral organization and morphology of model biomembranes. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:3191-3206. [PMID: 33621291 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01934h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Various studies have described remarkable biological activities and surface-active properties of rhamnolipids, leading to their proposed use in a wide range of industrial applications. Here, we report on a study of the effects of monorhamnolipid RhaC10C10 and dirhamnolipid RhaRhaC10C10 incorporation into model membranes of varying complexity, including bacterial and heterogeneous model biomembranes. For comparison, we studied the effect of HAA (C10C10, lacking a sugar headgroup) partitioning into these membrane systems. AFM, confocal fluorescence microscopy, DSC, and Laurdan fluorescence spectroscopy were employed to yield insights into the rhamnolipid-induced morphological changes of lipid vesicles as well as modifications of the lipid order and lateral membrane organization of the model biomembranes upon partitioning of the different rhamnolipids. The partitioning of the three rhamnolipids into phospholipid bilayers changes the phase behavior, fluidity, lateral lipid organization and morphology of the phospholipid membranes dramatically, to what extent, depends on the headgroup structure of the rhamnolipid, which affects its packing and hydrogen bonding capacity. The incorporation into giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) of a heterogeneous anionic raft membrane system revealed budding of domains and fission of daughter vesicles and small aggregates for all three rhamnolipids, with major destabilization of the lipid vesicles upon insertion of RhaC10C10, and also formation of huge GUVs upon the incorporation of RhaRhaC10C10. Finally, we discuss the results with regard to the role these biosurfactants play in biology and their possible impact on applications, ranging from agricultural to pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Herzog
- Physical Chemistry I - Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Street 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
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23
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Rocha VAL, de Castilho LVA, Castro RDPVD, Teixeira DB, Magalhães AV, Abreu FDA, Cypriano JBS, Gomez JGC, Freire DMG. Antibiofilm effect of mono-rhamnolipids and di-rhamnolipids on carbon steel submitted to oil produced water. Biotechnol Prog 2021; 37:e3131. [PMID: 33511791 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the potential of mono-rhamnolipids (mono-RML) and di-rhamnolipids (di-RML) against biofilm formation on carbon steel coupons submitted to oil produced water for 14 days. The antibiofilm effect of the RML on the coupons was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and by epifluorescence microscopy, and the contact angle was measured using a goniometer. SEM analysis results showed that all RML congeners had effective antibiofilm action, as well as preliminary anticorrosion evaluation confirmed that all RML congeners prevented the metal deterioration. In more detail, epifluorescence microscopy showed that mono-RML were the most efficient congeners in preventing microorganism's adherence on the carbon steel metal. Image analyses indicate the presence of 15.9%, 3.4%, and <0.1% of viable particles in di-RML, mono/di-RML and mono-RML pretreatments, respectively, in comparison to control samples. Contact angle results showed that the crude carbon steel coupon presented hydrophobic character favoring hydrophobic molecules adhesion. We calculated the theoretical polarity of the RML congeners and verified that mono-RML (log P = 3.63) presented the most hydrophobic character. This had perfect correspondence to contact angle results, since mono-RML conditioning (58.2°) more significantly changed the contact angle compared with the conditioning with one of the most common surfactants used on oil industry (29.4°). Based on the results, it was concluded that rhamnolipids are efficient molecules to be used to avoid biofilm on carbon steel metal when submitted to oil produced water and that a higher proportion of mono-rhamnolipids is more indicated for this application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Alves Lima Rocha
- Biochemical Department, Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro-Institute of Chemistry, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lívia Vieira Araujo de Castilho
- Biochemical Department, Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro-Institute of Chemistry, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Ocean Engineering Department, Subsea Technology Laboratory, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro-COPPE Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rui de Paula Vieira de Castro
- Biochemical Department, Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro-Institute of Chemistry, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Douglas Braga Teixeira
- Biochemical Department, Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro-Institute of Chemistry, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Augusto Vieira Magalhães
- Biochemical Department, Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro-Institute of Chemistry, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Avila Abreu
- General Microbiology Department, Cell Biology and Magnetotaxis Laboratory, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro-Institute of Microbiology, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Bomfim Silva Cypriano
- General Microbiology Department, Cell Biology and Magnetotaxis Laboratory, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro-Institute of Microbiology, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Denise Maria Guimarães Freire
- Biochemical Department, Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro-Institute of Chemistry, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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24
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Welsing G, Wolter B, Hintzen HMT, Tiso T, Blank LM. Upcycling of hydrolyzed PET by microbial conversion to a fatty acid derivative. Methods Enzymol 2021; 648:391-421. [PMID: 33579413 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2020.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatic degradation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) results in a hydrolysate consisting almost exclusively of its two monomers, ethylene glycol and terephthalate. To biologically valorize the PET hydrolysate, microbial upcycling into high-value products is proposed. Fatty acid derivatives hydroxyalkanoyloxy alkanoates (HAAs) represent such valuable target molecules. HAAs exhibit surface-active properties and can be exploited in the catalytical conversion to drop-in biofuels as well as in the polymerization to bio-based poly(amide urethane). This chapter presents the genetic engineering methods of pseudomonads for the metabolization of PET monomers and the biosynthesis of HAAs with detailed protocols concerning product purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Welsing
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Birger Wolter
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Henric M T Hintzen
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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Varjani S, Rakholiya P, Yong Ng H, Taherzadeh MJ, Hao Ngo H, Chang JS, Wong JWC, You S, Teixeira JA, Bui XT. Bio-based rhamnolipids production and recovery from waste streams: Status and perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 319:124213. [PMID: 33254448 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bio-based rhamnolipid production from waste streams is gaining momentum nowadays because of increasing market demand, huge range of applications and its economic and environment friendly nature. Rhamnolipid type biosurfactants are produced by microorganisms as secondary metabolites and have been used to reduce surface/interfacial tension between two different phases. Biosurfactants have been reported to be used as an alternative to chemical surfactants. Pseudomonas sp. has been frequently used for production of rhamnolipid. Various wastes can be used in production of rhamnolipid. Rhamnolipids are widely used in various industrial applications. The present review provides information about structure and nature of rhamnolipid, production using different waste materials and scale-up of rhamnolipid production. It also provides comprehensive literature on various industrial applications along with perspectives and challenges in this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382 010, India.
| | - Parita Rakholiya
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382 010, India; Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382015, India
| | - How Yong Ng
- National University of Singapore Environmental Research Institute, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | | | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jonathan W C Wong
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Siming You
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Jose A Teixeira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Xuan-Thanh Bui
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung ward, Thu Duc district, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
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Blesken CC, Strümpfler T, Tiso T, Blank LM. Uncoupling Foam Fractionation and Foam Adsorption for Enhanced Biosurfactant Synthesis and Recovery. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8122029. [PMID: 33353027 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8122029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of biosurfactants is often hampered by excessive foaming in the bioreactor, impacting system scale-up and downstream processing. Foam fractionation was proposed to tackle this challenge by combining in situ product removal with a pre-purification step. In previous studies, foam fractionation was coupled to bioreactor operation, hence it was operated at suboptimal parameters. Here, we use an external fractionation column to decouple biosurfactant production from foam fractionation, enabling continuous surfactant separation, which is especially suited for system scale-up. As a subsequent product recovery step, continuous foam adsorption was integrated into the process. The configuration is evaluated for rhamnolipid (RL) or 3-(3-hydroxyalkanoyloxy)alkanoic acid (HAA, i.e., RL precursor) production by recombinant non-pathogenic Pseudomonas putida KT2440. Surfactant concentrations of 7.5 gRL/L and 2.0 gHAA/L were obtained in the fractionated foam. 4.7 g RLs and 2.8 g HAAs could be separated in the 2-stage recovery process within 36 h from a 2 L culture volume. With a culture volume scale-up to 9 L, 16 g RLs were adsorbed, and the space-time yield (STY) increased by 31% to 0.21 gRL/L·h. We demonstrate a well-performing process design for biosurfactant production and recovery as a contribution to a vital bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian C Blesken
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Tessa Strümpfler
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Coupling an Electroactive Pseudomonas putida KT2440 with Bioelectrochemical Rhamnolipid Production. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8121959. [PMID: 33322018 PMCID: PMC7763313 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sufficient supply of oxygen is a major bottleneck in industrial biotechnological synthesis. One example is the heterologous production of rhamnolipids using Pseudomonas putida KT2440. Typically, the synthesis is accompanied by strong foam formation in the reactor vessel hampering the process. It is caused by the extensive bubbling needed to sustain the high respirative oxygen demand in the presence of the produced surfactants. One way to reduce the oxygen requirement is to enable the cells to use the anode of a bioelectrochemical system (BES) as an alternative sink for their metabolically derived electrons. We here used a P. putida KT2440 strain that interacts with the anode using mediated extracellular electron transfer via intrinsically produced phenazines, to perform heterologous rhamnolipid production under oxygen limitation. The strain P. putida RL-PCA successfully produced 30.4 ± 4.7 mg/L mono-rhamnolipids together with 11.2 ± 0.8 mg/L of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) in 500-mL benchtop BES reactors and 30.5 ± 0.5 mg/L rhamnolipids accompanied by 25.7 ± 8.0 mg/L PCA in electrode containing standard 1-L bioreactors. Hence, this study marks a first proof of concept to produce glycolipid surfactants in oxygen-limited BES with an industrially relevant strain.
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28
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Herzog M, Tiso T, Blank LM, Winter R. Interaction of rhamnolipids with model biomembranes of varying complexity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183431. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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29
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Biselli A, Willenbrink AL, Leipnitz M, Jupke A. Development, evaluation, and optimisation of downstream process concepts for rhamnolipids and 3-(3-hydroxyalkanoyloxy)alkanoic acids. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Blesken CC, Bator I, Eberlein C, Heipieper HJ, Tiso T, Blank LM. Genetic Cell-Surface Modification for Optimized Foam Fractionation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:572892. [PMID: 33195133 PMCID: PMC7658403 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.572892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhamnolipids are among the glycolipids that have been investigated intensively in the last decades, mostly produced by the facultative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa using plant oils as carbon source and antifoam agent. Simplification of downstream processing is envisaged using hydrophilic carbon sources, such as glucose, employing recombinant non-pathogenic Pseudomonas putida KT2440 for rhamnolipid or 3-(3-hydroxyalkanoyloxy)alkanoic acid (HAA, i.e., rhamnolipid precursors) production. However, during scale-up of the cultivation from shake flask to bioreactor, excessive foam formation hinders the use of standard fermentation protocols. In this study, the foam was guided from the reactor to a foam fractionation column to separate biosurfactants from medium and bacterial cells. Applying this integrated unit operation, the space-time yield (STY) for rhamnolipid synthesis could be increased by a factor of 2.8 (STY = 0.17 gRL/L·h) compared to the production in shake flasks. The accumulation of bacteria at the gas-liquid interface of the foam resulted in removal of whole-cell biocatalyst from the reactor with the strong consequence of reduced rhamnolipid production. To diminish the accumulation of bacteria at the gas-liquid interface, we deleted genes encoding cell-surface structures, focusing on hydrophobic proteins present on P. putida KT2440. Strains lacking, e.g., the flagellum, fimbriae, exopolysaccharides, and specific surface proteins, were tested for cell surface hydrophobicity and foam adsorption. Without flagellum or the large adhesion protein F (LapF), foam enrichment of these modified P. putida KT2440 was reduced by 23 and 51%, respectively. In a bioreactor cultivation of the non-motile strain with integrated rhamnolipid production genes, biomass enrichment in the foam was reduced by 46% compared to the reference strain. The intensification of rhamnolipid production from hydrophilic carbon sources presented here is an example for integrated strain and process engineering. This approach will become routine in the development of whole-cell catalysts for the envisaged bioeconomy. The results are discussed in the context of the importance of interacting strain and process engineering early in the development of bioprocesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian C. Blesken
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH, Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Isabel Bator
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH, Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christian Eberlein
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hermann J. Heipieper
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH, Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Lars M. Blank
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH, Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
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31
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Hogenkamp F, Hilgers F, Knapp A, Klaus O, Bier C, Binder D, Jaeger KE, Drepper T, Pietruszka J. Effect of Photocaged Isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside Solubility on the Light Responsiveness of LacI-controlled Expression Systems in Different Bacteria. Chembiochem 2020; 22:539-547. [PMID: 32914927 PMCID: PMC7894499 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Photolabile protecting groups play a significant role in controlling biological functions and cellular processes in living cells and tissues, as light offers high spatiotemporal control, is non‐invasive as well as easily tuneable. In the recent past, photo‐responsive inducer molecules such as 6‐nitropiperonyl‐caged IPTG (NP‐cIPTG) have been used as optochemical tools for Lac repressor‐controlled microbial expression systems. To further expand the applicability of the versatile optochemical on‐switch, we have investigated whether the modulation of cIPTG water solubility can improve the light responsiveness of appropriate expression systems in bacteria. To this end, we developed two new cIPTG derivatives with different hydrophobicity and demonstrated both an easy applicability for the light‐mediated control of gene expression and a simple transferability of this optochemical toolbox to the biotechnologically relevant bacteria Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus subtilis. Notably, the more water‐soluble cIPTG derivative proved to be particularly suitable for light‐mediated gene expression in these alternative expression hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Hogenkamp
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, 52426, Jülich, Germany
| | - Fabienne Hilgers
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, 52426, Jülich, Germany
| | - Andreas Knapp
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, 52426, Jülich, Germany
| | - Oliver Klaus
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, 52426, Jülich, Germany
| | - Claus Bier
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, 52426, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dennis Binder
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, 52426, Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, 52426, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1: Biotechnology), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, 52426, Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas Drepper
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, 52426, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jörg Pietruszka
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, 52426, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1: Biotechnology), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, 52426, Jülich, Germany
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32
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Wittgens A, Rosenau F. Heterologous Rhamnolipid Biosynthesis: Advantages, Challenges, and the Opportunity to Produce Tailor-Made Rhamnolipids. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:594010. [PMID: 33195161 PMCID: PMC7642724 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.594010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The first heterologous expression of genes responsible for the production of rhamnolipids was already implemented in the mid-1990s during the functional identification of the rhlAB operon. This was the starting shot for multiple approaches to establish the rhamnolipid biosynthesis in different host organisms. Since most of the native rhamnolipid producing organisms are human or plant pathogens, the intention for these ventures was the establishment of non-pathogenic organisms as heterologous host for the production of rhamnolipids. The pathogenicity of producing organisms is one of the bottlenecks for applications of rhamnolipids in many industrial products especially foods and cosmetics. The further advantage of heterologous rhamnolipid production is the circumvention of the complex regulatory network, which regulates the rhamnolipid biosynthesis in wild type production strains. Furthermore, a suitable host with an optimal genetic background to provide sufficient amounts of educts allows the production of tailor-made rhamnolipids each with its specific physico-chemical properties depending on the contained numbers of rhamnose sugar residues and the numbers, chain length and saturation degree of 3-hydroxyfatty acids. The heterologous expression of rhl genes can also enable the utilization of unusual carbon sources for the production of rhamnolipids depending on the host organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Wittgens
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Ulm Center for Peptide Pharmaceuticals (U-PEP), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank Rosenau
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Ulm Center for Peptide Pharmaceuticals (U-PEP), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Department Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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33
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Thompson MG, Incha MR, Pearson AN, Schmidt M, Sharpless WA, Eiben CB, Cruz-Morales P, Blake-Hedges JM, Liu Y, Adams CA, Haushalter RW, Krishna RN, Lichtner P, Blank LM, Mukhopadhyay A, Deutschbauer AM, Shih PM, Keasling JD. Fatty Acid and Alcohol Metabolism in Pseudomonas putida: Functional Analysis Using Random Barcode Transposon Sequencing. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e01665-20. [PMID: 32826213 PMCID: PMC7580535 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01665-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With its ability to catabolize a wide variety of carbon sources and a growing engineering toolkit, Pseudomonas putida KT2440 is emerging as an important chassis organism for metabolic engineering. Despite advances in our understanding of the organism, many gaps remain in our knowledge of the genetic basis of its metabolic capabilities. The gaps are particularly noticeable in our understanding of both fatty acid and alcohol catabolism, where many paralogs putatively coding for similar enzymes coexist, making biochemical assignment via sequence homology difficult. To rapidly assign function to the enzymes responsible for these metabolisms, we leveraged random barcode transposon sequencing (RB-Tn-Seq). Global fitness analyses of transposon libraries grown on 13 fatty acids and 10 alcohols produced strong phenotypes for hundreds of genes. Fitness data from mutant pools grown on fatty acids of varying chain lengths indicated specific enzyme substrate preferences and enabled us to hypothesize that DUF1302/DUF1329 family proteins potentially function as esterases. From the data, we also postulate catabolic routes for the two biogasoline molecules isoprenol and isopentanol, which are catabolized via leucine metabolism after initial oxidation and activation with coenzyme A (CoA). Because fatty acids and alcohols may serve as both feedstocks and final products of metabolic-engineering efforts, the fitness data presented here will help guide future genomic modifications toward higher titers, rates, and yields.IMPORTANCE To engineer novel metabolic pathways into P. putida, a comprehensive understanding of the genetic basis of its versatile metabolism is essential. Here, we provide functional evidence for the putative roles of hundreds of genes involved in the fatty acid and alcohol metabolism of the bacterium. These data provide a framework facilitating precise genetic changes to prevent product degradation and to channel the flux of specific pathway intermediates as desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell G Thompson
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Matthew R Incha
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Allison N Pearson
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Matthias Schmidt
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - William A Sharpless
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Christopher B Eiben
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Joint Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Pablo Cruz-Morales
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Monterrey, México
| | - Jacquelyn M Blake-Hedges
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Yuzhong Liu
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Catharine A Adams
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Robert W Haushalter
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Rohith N Krishna
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Patrick Lichtner
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Lars M Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Aindrila Mukhopadhyay
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Adam M Deutschbauer
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Patrick M Shih
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Environmental and Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Jay D Keasling
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Joint Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Institute for Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes for Advanced Technologies, Shenzhen, China
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34
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Cho IJ, Choi KR, Lee SY. Microbial production of fatty acids and derivative chemicals. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 65:129-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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35
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Jeck V, Froning M, Tiso T, Blank LM, Hayen H. Double bond localization in unsaturated rhamnolipid precursors 3-(3-hydroxyalkanoyloxy)alkanoic acids by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry applying online Paternò-Büchi reaction. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:5601-5613. [PMID: 32627084 PMCID: PMC7413879 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02776-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are biomolecules with a broad variety of chemical structures, which renders them essential not only for various biological functions but also interestingly for biotechnological applications. Rhamnolipids are microbial glycolipids with surface-active properties and are widely used biosurfactants. They are composed of one or two L-rhamnoses and up to three hydroxy fatty acids. Their biosynthetic precursors are 3-hydroxy(alkanoyloxy)alkanoic acids (HAAs). The latter are also present in cell supernatants as complex mixtures and are extensively studied for their potential to replace synthetically derived surfactants. The carbon chain lengths of HAAs determine their physical properties, such as their abilities to foam and emulsify, and their critical micelle concentration. Despite growing biotechnological interest, methods for structural elucidation are limited and often rely on hydrolysis and analysis of free hydroxy fatty acids losing the connectivity information. Therefore, a high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed for comprehensive structural characterization of intact HAAs. Information is provided on chain length and number of double bonds in each hydroxy fatty acid and their linkage by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Post-column photochemical derivatization by online Paternὸ-Büchi reaction and MS/MS fragmentation experiments generated diagnostic fragments allowing structural characterization down to the double bond position level. Furthermore, the presented experiments demonstrate a powerful approach for structure elucidation of complex lipids by tailored fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Jeck
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety - LAVES, Martin-Niemöller-Str. 2, 26133, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Matti Froning
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Heiko Hayen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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36
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Weimer A, Kohlstedt M, Volke DC, Nikel PI, Wittmann C. Industrial biotechnology of Pseudomonas putida: advances and prospects. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:7745-7766. [PMID: 32789744 PMCID: PMC7447670 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10811-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas putida is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that can be encountered in diverse ecological habitats. This ubiquity is traced to its remarkably versatile metabolism, adapted to withstand physicochemical stress, and the capacity to thrive in harsh environments. Owing to these characteristics, there is a growing interest in this microbe for industrial use, and the corresponding research has made rapid progress in recent years. Hereby, strong drivers are the exploitation of cheap renewable feedstocks and waste streams to produce value-added chemicals and the steady progress in genetic strain engineering and systems biology understanding of this bacterium. Here, we summarize the recent advances and prospects in genetic engineering, systems and synthetic biology, and applications of P. putida as a cell factory. KEY POINTS: • Pseudomonas putida advances to a global industrial cell factory. • Novel tools enable system-wide understanding and streamlined genomic engineering. • Applications of P. putida range from bioeconomy chemicals to biosynthetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Weimer
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus A1.5, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Michael Kohlstedt
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus A1.5, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Daniel C Volke
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pablo I Nikel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christoph Wittmann
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus A1.5, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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Kubicki S, Bator I, Jankowski S, Schipper K, Tiso T, Feldbrügge M, Blank LM, Thies S, Jaeger KE. A Straightforward Assay for Screening and Quantification of Biosurfactants in Microbial Culture Supernatants. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:958. [PMID: 32974305 PMCID: PMC7468441 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A large variety of microorganisms produces biosurfactants with the potential for a number of diverse industrial applications. To identify suitable wild-type or engineered production strains, efficient screening methods are needed, allowing for rapid and reliable quantification of biosurfactants in multiple cultures, preferably at high throughput. To this end, we have established a novel and sensitive assay for the quantification of biosurfactants based on the dye Victoria Pure Blue BO (VPBO). The assay allows the colorimetric assessment of biosurfactants directly in culture supernatants and does not require extraction or concentration procedures. Working ranges were determined for precise quantification of different rhamnolipid biosurfactants; titers in culture supernatants of recombinant Pseudomonas putida KT2440 calculated by this assay were confirmed to be the same ranges detected by independent high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-charged aerosol detector (CAD) analyses. The assay was successfully applied for detection of chemically different anionic or non-ionic biosurfactants including mono- and di-rhamnolipids (glycolipids), mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs, glycolipids), 3-(3-hydroxyalkanoyloxy) alkanoic acids (fatty acid conjugates), serrawettin W1 (lipopeptide), and N-acyltyrosine (lipoamino acid). In summary, the VPBO assay offers a broad range of applications including the comparative evaluation of different cultivation conditions and high-throughput screening of biosurfactant-producing microbial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Kubicki
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Jülich, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Jülich, Germany
| | - Isabel Bator
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Jülich, Germany
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Silke Jankowski
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Jülich, Germany
- Center of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Institute for Microbiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schipper
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Jülich, Germany
- Center of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Institute for Microbiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Jülich, Germany
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Feldbrügge
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Jülich, Germany
- Center of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Institute for Microbiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lars M. Blank
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Jülich, Germany
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stephan Thies
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Jülich, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Jülich, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Jülich, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG 1: Biotechnology, Jülich, Germany
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Tiso T, Ihling N, Kubicki S, Biselli A, Schonhoff A, Bator I, Thies S, Karmainski T, Kruth S, Willenbrink AL, Loeschcke A, Zapp P, Jupke A, Jaeger KE, Büchs J, Blank LM. Integration of Genetic and Process Engineering for Optimized Rhamnolipid Production Using Pseudomonas putida. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:976. [PMID: 32974309 PMCID: PMC7468518 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhamnolipids are biosurfactants produced by microorganisms with the potential to replace synthetic compounds with petrochemical origin. To promote industrial use of rhamnolipids, recombinant rhamnolipid production from sugars needs to be intensified. Since this remains challenging, the aim of the presented research is to utilize a multidisciplinary approach to take a step toward developing a sustainable rhamnolipid production process. Here, we developed expression cassettes for stable integration of the rhamnolipid biosynthesis genes into the genome outperformed plasmid-based expression systems. Furthermore, the genetic stability of the production strain was improved by using an inducible promoter. To enhance rhamnolipid synthesis, energy- and/or carbon-consuming traits were removed: mutants negative for the synthesis of the flagellar machinery or the storage polymer PHA showed increased production by 50%. Variation of time of induction resulted in an 18% increase in titers. A scale-up from shake flasks was carried out using a 1-L bioreactor. By recycling of the foam, biomass loss could be minimized and a rhamnolipid titer of up to 1.5 g/L was achieved without using mechanical foam destroyers or antifoaming agents. Subsequent liquid-liquid extraction was optimized by using a suitable minimal medium during fermentation to reduce undesired interphase formation. A technical-scale production process was designed and evaluated by a life-cycle assessment (LCA). Different process chains and their specific environmental impact were examined. It was found that next to biomass supply, the fermentation had the biggest environmental impact. The present work underlines the need for multidisciplinary approaches to address the challenges associated with achieving sustainable production of microbial secondary metabolites. The results are discussed in the context of the challenges of microbial biosurfactant production using hydrophilic substrates on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Tiso
- iAMB – Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt – Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Nina Ihling
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Chair of Biochemical Engineering (AVT.BioVT), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sonja Kubicki
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Biselli
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Fluid Process Engineering (AVT.FVT), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schonhoff
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research – Systems Analysis and Technology Evaluation (IEK-STE), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Isabel Bator
- iAMB – Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt – Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Stephan Thies
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Karmainski
- iAMB – Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt – Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kruth
- iAMB – Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt – Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Willenbrink
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Fluid Process Engineering (AVT.FVT), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anita Loeschcke
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Petra Zapp
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research – Systems Analysis and Technology Evaluation (IEK-STE), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Andreas Jupke
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Fluid Process Engineering (AVT.FVT), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG 1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jochen Büchs
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Chair of Biochemical Engineering (AVT.BioVT), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M. Blank
- iAMB – Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt – Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
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Bator I, Karmainski T, Tiso T, Blank LM. Killing Two Birds With One Stone - Strain Engineering Facilitates the Development of a Unique Rhamnolipid Production Process. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:899. [PMID: 32850747 PMCID: PMC7427536 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-titer biosurfactant production in aerated fermenters using hydrophilic substrates is often hampered by excessive foaming. Ethanol has been shown to efficiently destabilize foam of rhamnolipids, a popular group of biosurfactants. To exploit this feature, we used ethanol as carbon source and defoamer, without introducing novel challenges for rhamnolipid purification. In detail, we engineered the non-pathogenic Pseudomonas putida KT2440 for heterologous rhamnolipid production from ethanol. To obtain a strain with high growth rate on ethanol as sole carbon source at elevated ethanol concentrations, adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) was performed. Genome re-sequencing allowed to allocate the phenotypic changes to emerged mutations. Several genes were affected and differentially expressed including alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases, potentially contributing to the increased growth rate on ethanol of 0.51 h-1 after ALE. Further, mutations in genes were found, which possibly led to increased ethanol tolerance. The engineered rhamnolipid producer was used in a fed-batch fermentation with automated ethanol addition over 23 h, which resulted in a 3-(3-hydroxyalkanoyloxy)alkanoates and mono-rhamnolipids concentration of about 5 g L-1. The ethanol concomitantly served as carbon source and defoamer with the advantage of increased rhamnolipid and biomass production. In summary, we present a unique combination of strain and process engineering that facilitated the development of a stable fed-batch fermentation for rhamnolipid production, circumventing mechanical or chemical foam disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Bator
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Tobias Karmainski
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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40
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A Combined Bio-Chemical Synthesis Route for 1-Octene Sheds Light on Rhamnolipid Structure. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10080874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report a chemoenzymatic approach to synthesize 1-octene from carbohydrates via ethenolysis of rhamnolipids. Rhamnolipids synthesized by P. putida contain a double bond between carbon five and six, which is experimentally confirmed via olefin cross metathesis. Utilizing these lipids in the ethenolysis catalyzed by a Grubbs−Hoveyda-type catalyst selectively generates 1-octene and with good conversions. This study shows the potential of chemoenzymatic approaches to produce compounds for the chemical industry from renewable resources.
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41
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Mendonca CM, Wilkes RA, Aristilde L. Advancements in 13C isotope tracking of synergistic substrate co-utilization in Pseudomonas species and implications for biotechnology applications. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 64:124-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Loeschcke A, Thies S. Engineering of natural product biosynthesis in Pseudomonas putida. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 65:213-224. [PMID: 32498036 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Loeschcke
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Stephan Thies
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany.
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43
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Pasternak G, Askitosari TD, Rosenbaum MA. Biosurfactants and Synthetic Surfactants in Bioelectrochemical Systems: A Mini-Review. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:358. [PMID: 32231644 PMCID: PMC7082750 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) are ruled by a complex combination of biological and abiotic factors. The interplay of these factors determines the overall efficiency of BES in generating electricity and treating waste. The recent progress in bioelectrochemistry of BESs and electrobiotechnology exposed an important group of compounds, which have a significant contribution to operation and efficiency: surface-active agents, also termed surfactants. Implementation of the interfacial science led to determining several effects of synthetic and natural surfactants on BESs operation. In high pH, these amphiphilic compounds prevent the cathode electrodes from biodeterioration. Through solubilization, their presence leads to increased catabolism of hydrophobic compounds. They interfere with the surface of the electrodes leading to improved biofilm formation, while affecting its microarchitecture and composition. Furthermore, they may act as quorum sensing activators and induce the synthesis of electron shuttles produced by electroactive bacteria. On the other hand, the bioelectrochemical activity can be tailored for new, improved biosurfactant production processes. Herein, the most recent knowledge on the effects of these promising compounds in BESs is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Pasternak
- Laboratory of Microbial Electrochemical Systems, Department of Process Engineering and Technology of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Theresia D Askitosari
- Laboratory of Microorganism Biotechnology, Faculty of Technobiology, University of Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Miriam A Rosenbaum
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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44
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Rocha VAL, de Castilho LVA, de Castro RPV, Teixeira DB, Magalhães AV, Gomez JGC, Freire DMG. Comparison of mono-rhamnolipids and di-rhamnolipids on microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) applications. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 36:e2981. [PMID: 32083814 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Rhamnolipids (RMLs) have more effectiveness for specific uses according to their homologue proportions. Thus, the novelty of this work was to compare mono-RMLs and di-RMLs physicochemical properties on microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) applications. For this, RML produced by three strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa containing different homologues proportion were used: a mainly mono-RMLs producer (mono-RMLs); a mainly di-RMLs producer (di-RMLs), and the other one that produces relatively balanced amounts of mono-RML and di-RML homologues (mono/di-RML). For mono-RML, the most abundant molecules were Rha-C10 C10 (m/z 503.3), for di-RML were RhaRha-C10 C10 (m/z 649.4) and for Mono/di-RML were Rha-C10 C10 (m/z 503.3) and RhaRha-C10 C10 (m/z 649.4). All RMLs types presented robustness under high temperature and variation of salinity and pH, and high ability for oil displacement, foam stability, wettability reversal and were classified as safe for environment according to the European Union Directive No. 67/548/EEC. For all these properties, it was observed a highlight for mono-RML. Mono-RML presented the lowest surface tension (26.40 mN/m), interfacial tension (1.14 mN/m), and critical micellar concentration (CMC 27.04 mg/L), the highest emulsification index (EI24 100%) and the best wettability reversal (100% with 25 ppm). In addition, mono-RML showed the best acute toxicity value (454 mg/L), making its application potential even more attractive. Based on the results, it was concluded that all RMLs homologues studied have potential for MEOR applications. However, results showed that mono-RML stood out and have the best mechanism of oil incorporation in micelles due their most effective surface-active physicochemical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A L Rocha
- Biochemical Department, Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro-Institute of Chemistry, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lívia V A de Castilho
- Biochemical Department, Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro-Institute of Chemistry, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Ocean Engineering Department, Subsea Technology Laboratory, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro-COPPE Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rui P V de Castro
- Biochemical Department, Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro-Institute of Chemistry, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Douglas B Teixeira
- Biochemical Department, Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro-Institute of Chemistry, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Augusto V Magalhães
- Biochemical Department, Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro-Institute of Chemistry, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José G C Gomez
- Laboratory of Bioproducts, University of São Paulo-Institute of Biomedical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise M G Freire
- Biochemical Department, Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro-Institute of Chemistry, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Exploiting the Natural Diversity of RhlA Acyltransferases for the Synthesis of the Rhamnolipid Precursor 3-(3-Hydroxyalkanoyloxy)Alkanoic Acid. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.02317-19. [PMID: 31924623 PMCID: PMC7054101 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02317-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
While rhamnolipids of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa type are commercially available, the natural diversity of rhamnolipids and their origin have barely been investigated. Here, we collected known and identified new rhlA genes encoding the acyltransferase responsible for the synthesis of the lipophilic rhamnolipid precursor 3-(3-hydroxyalkanoyloxy)alkanoic acid (HAA). Generally, all homologs were found in Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria A likely horizontal gene transfer event into Actinobacteria is the only identified exception. The phylogeny of the RhlA homologs from Pseudomonas and Burkholderia species is consistent with the organism phylogeny, and genes involved in rhamnolipid synthesis are located in operons. In contrast, RhlA homologs from the Enterobacterales do not follow the organisms' phylogeny but form their own branch. Furthermore, in many Enterobacterales and Halomonas from the Oceanospirillales, an isolated rhlA homolog can be found in the genome. The RhlAs from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01, Pseudomonas fluorescens LMG 05825, Pantoea ananatis LMG 20103, Burkholderia plantarii PG1, Burkholderia ambifaria LMG 19182, Halomonas sp. strain R57-5, Dickeya dadantii Ech586, and Serratia plymuthica PRI-2C were expressed in Escherichia coli and tested for HAA production. Indeed, except for the Serratia RhlA, HAAs were produced with the engineered strains. A detailed analysis of the produced HAA congeners by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) highlights the congener specificity of the RhlA proteins. The congener length varies from 4 to 18 carbon atoms, with the main congeners consisting of different combinations of saturated or monounsaturated C10, C12, and C14 fatty acids. The results are discussed in the context of the phylogeny of this unusual enzymatic activity.IMPORTANCE The RhlA specificity explains the observed differences in 3-(3-hydroxyalkanoyloxy)alkanoic acid (HAA) congeners. Whole-cell catalysts can now be designed for the synthesis of different congener mixtures of HAAs and rhamnolipids, thereby contributing to the envisaged synthesis of designer HAAs.
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Bator I, Wittgens A, Rosenau F, Tiso T, Blank LM. Comparison of Three Xylose Pathways in Pseudomonas putida KT2440 for the Synthesis of Valuable Products. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 7:480. [PMID: 32010683 PMCID: PMC6978631 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas putida KT2440 is a well-established chassis in industrial biotechnology. To increase the substrate spectrum, we implemented three alternative xylose utilization pathways, namely the Isomerase, Weimberg, and Dahms pathways. The synthetic operons contain genes from Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas taiwanensis. For isolating the Dahms pathway in P. putida KT2440 two genes (PP_2836 and PP_4283), encoding an endogenous enzyme of the Weimberg pathway and a regulator for glycolaldehyde degradation, were deleted. Before and after adaptive laboratory evolution, these strains were characterized in terms of growth and synthesis of mono-rhamnolipids and pyocyanin. The engineered strain using the Weimberg pathway reached the highest maximal growth rate of 0.30 h-1. After adaptive laboratory evolution the lag phase was reduced significantly. The highest titers of 720 mg L-1 mono-rhamnolipids and 30 mg L-1 pyocyanin were reached by the evolved strain using the Weimberg or an engineered strain using the Isomerase pathway, respectively. The different stoichiometries of the three xylose utilization pathways may allow engineering of tailored chassis for valuable bioproduct synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Bator
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt – Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Wittgens
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm-University, Ulm, Germany
- Ulm Center for Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Ulm, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research Mainz, Synthesis of Macromolecules, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank Rosenau
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm-University, Ulm, Germany
- Ulm Center for Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Ulm, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research Mainz, Synthesis of Macromolecules, Mainz, Germany
| | - Till Tiso
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt – Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M. Blank
- iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt – Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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47
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Otto M, Wynands B, Lenzen C, Filbig M, Blank LM, Wierckx N. Rational Engineering of Phenylalanine Accumulation in Pseudomonas taiwanensis to Enable High-Yield Production of Trans-Cinnamate. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:312. [PMID: 31824929 PMCID: PMC6882275 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial biocatalysis represents a promising alternative for the production of a variety of aromatic chemicals, where microorganisms are engineered to convert a renewable feedstock under mild production conditions into a valuable chemical building block. This study describes the rational engineering of the solvent-tolerant bacterium Pseudomonas taiwanensis VLB120 toward accumulation of L-phenylalanine and its conversion into the chemical building block t-cinnamate. We recently reported rational engineering of Pseudomonas toward L-tyrosine accumulation by the insertion of genetic modifications that allow both enhanced flux and prevent aromatics degradation. Building on this knowledge, three genes encoding for enzymes involved in the degradation of L-phenylalanine were deleted to allow accumulation of 2.6 mM of L-phenylalanine from 20 mM glucose. The amino acid was subsequently converted into the aromatic model compound t-cinnamate by the expression of a phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) from Arabidopsis thaliana. The engineered strains produced t-cinnamate with yields of 23 and 39% Cmol Cmol−1 from glucose and glycerol, respectively. Yields were improved up to 48% Cmol Cmol−1 from glycerol when two enzymes involved in the shikimate pathway were additionally overexpressed, however with negative impact on strain performance and reproducibility. Production titers were increased in fed-batch fermentations, in which 33.5 mM t-cinnamate were produced solely from glycerol, in a mineral medium without additional complex supplements. The aspect of product toxicity was targeted by the utilization of a streamlined, genome-reduced strain, which improves upon the already high tolerance of P. taiwanensis VLB120 toward t-cinnamate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Otto
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1: Biotechnology), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Wynands
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1: Biotechnology), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christoph Lenzen
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Melanie Filbig
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nick Wierckx
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1: Biotechnology), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
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Otto M, Wynands B, Drepper T, Jaeger KE, Thies S, Loeschcke A, Blank LM, Wierckx N. Targeting 16S rDNA for Stable Recombinant Gene Expression in Pseudomonas. ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:1901-1912. [PMID: 31298831 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) operons have recently been identified as promising sites for chromosomal integration of genetic elements in Pseudomonas putida, a bacterium that has gained considerable popularity as a microbial cell factory. We have developed a tool for targeted integration of recombinant genes into the rRNA operons of various Pseudomonas strains, where the native context of the rRNA clusters enables effective transcription of heterologous genes. However, a sufficient translation of foreign mRNA transcriptionally fused to rRNA required optimization of RNA secondary structures, which was achieved utilizing synthetic ribozymes and a bicistronic design. The generated tool further enabled the characterization of the six rRNA promoter units of P. putida S12 under different growth conditions. The presence of multiple, almost identical rRNA operons in Pseudomonas also allowed the integration of multiple copies of heterologous genetic elements. The integration of two expression cassettes and the resulting disruption of rRNA units only moderately affects growth rates, and the constructs were highly stable over more than 160 generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Otto
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1: Biotechnology), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Wynands
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1: Biotechnology), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas Drepper
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1: Biotechnology), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Stephan Thies
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Anita Loeschcke
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Lars M. Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Nick Wierckx
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1: Biotechnology), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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Development of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate-Containing Medium for Biosurfactant Production by Pseudomonas sp. LM19. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142613. [PMID: 31323769 PMCID: PMC6680552 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High production costs of biosurfactants are mainly caused by the usage of the expensive substrate and long fermentation period which undermines their potential in bioremediation processes, food, and cosmetic industries even though they, owing to the biodegradability, lower toxicity, and raise specificity traits. One way to circumvent this is to improvise the formulation of biosurfactant-production medium by using cheaper substrate. A culture medium utilizing palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), a palm oil refinery by-product, was first developed through one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) technique and further refined by means of the statistical design method of factorial and response surface modeling to enhance the biosurfactant production from Pseudomonas sp. LM19. The results shows that, the optimized culture medium containing: 1.148% (v/v) PFAD; 4.054 g/L KH2PO4; 1.30 g/L yeast extract; 0.023 g/L sodium-EDTA; 1.057 g/L MgSO4·7H2O; 0.75 g/L K2HPO4; 0.20 g/L CaCl2·2H2O; 0.080 g/L FeCl3·6H2O gave the maximum biosurfactant productivity. This study demonstrated that the cell concentration and biosurfactant productivity could reach up to 8.5 × 109 CFU/mL and 0.346 g/L/day, respectively after seven days of growth, which were comparable to the values predicted by an RSM regression model, i.e., 8.4 × 109 CFU/mL and 0.347 g/L/day, respectively. Eleven rhamnolipid congeners were detected, in which dirhamnolipid accounted for 58% and monorhamnolipid was 42%. All in all, manipulation of palm oil by-products proved to be a feasible substrate for increasing the biosurfactant production about 3.55-fold as shown in this study.
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Marine Biosurfactants: Biosynthesis, Structural Diversity and Biotechnological Applications. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17070408. [PMID: 31323998 PMCID: PMC6669457 DOI: 10.3390/md17070408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosurfactants are amphiphilic secondary metabolites produced by microorganisms. Marine bacteria have recently emerged as a rich source for these natural products which exhibit surface-active properties, making them useful for diverse applications such as detergents, wetting and foaming agents, solubilisers, emulsifiers and dispersants. Although precise structural data are often lacking, the already available information deduced from biochemical analyses and genome sequences of marine microbes indicates a high structural diversity including a broad spectrum of fatty acid derivatives, lipoamino acids, lipopeptides and glycolipids. This review aims to summarise biosyntheses and structures with an emphasis on low molecular weight biosurfactants produced by marine microorganisms and describes various biotechnological applications with special emphasis on their role in the bioremediation of oil-contaminated environments. Furthermore, novel exploitation strategies are suggested in an attempt to extend the existing biosurfactant portfolio.
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