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Pis Diez CM, Antelo GT, Dalia TN, Dalia AB, Giedroc DP, Capdevila DA. Increased intracellular persulfide levels attenuate HlyU-mediated hemolysin transcriptional activation in Vibrio cholerae. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105147. [PMID: 37567478 PMCID: PMC10509353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate host's immune system and resident commensal bacteria deploy a range of highly reactive small molecules that provide a barrier against infections by microbial pathogens. Gut pathogens, such as Vibrio cholerae, sense and respond to these stressors by modulating the expression of exotoxins that are crucial for colonization. Here, we employ mass spectrometry-based profiling, metabolomics, expression assays, and biophysical approaches to show that transcriptional activation of the hemolysin gene hlyA in V. cholerae is regulated by intracellular forms of sulfur with sulfur-sulfur bonds, termed reactive sulfur species (RSS). We first present a comprehensive sequence similarity network analysis of the arsenic repressor superfamily of transcriptional regulators, where RSS and hydrogen peroxide sensors segregate into distinct clusters of sequences. We show that HlyU, transcriptional activator of hlyA in V. cholerae, belongs to the RSS-sensing cluster and readily reacts with organic persulfides, showing no reactivity or DNA dissociation following treatment with glutathione disulfide or hydrogen peroxide. Surprisingly, in V. cholerae cell cultures, both sulfide and peroxide treatment downregulate HlyU-dependent transcriptional activation of hlyA. However, RSS metabolite profiling shows that both sulfide and peroxide treatment raise the endogenous inorganic sulfide and disulfide levels to a similar extent, accounting for this crosstalk, and confirming that V. cholerae attenuates HlyU-mediated activation of hlyA in a specific response to intracellular RSS. These findings provide new evidence that gut pathogens may harness RSS-sensing as an evolutionary adaptation that allows them to overcome the gut inflammatory response by modulating the expression of exotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian M Pis Diez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Giuliano T Antelo
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Triana N Dalia
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Ankur B Dalia
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - David P Giedroc
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.
| | - Daiana A Capdevila
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Ahmad SA, Naqvi TA, Munis MFH, Javed MT, Chaudhary HJ. Biodegradation of monocrotophos by Brucella intermedia Msd2 isolated from cotton plant. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:141. [PMID: 37000294 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03575-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Widespread and inadequate use of Monocrotophos has led to several environmental issues. Biodegradation is an ecofriendly method used for detoxification of toxic monocrotophos. In the present study, Msd2 bacterial strain was isolated from the cotton plant growing in contaminated sites of Sahiwal, Pakistan. Msd2 is capable of utilizing the monocrotophos (MCP) organophosphate pesticide as its sole carbon source for growth. Msd2 was identified as Brucella intermedia on the basis of morphology, biochemical characterization and 16S rRNA sequencing. B. intermedia showed tolerance of MCP up to 100 ppm. The presence of opd candidate gene for pesticide degradation, gives credence to B. intermedia as an effective bacterium to degrade MCP. Screening of the B. intermedia strain Msd2 for plant growth promoting activities revealed its ability to produce ammonia, exopolysaccharides, catalase, amylase and ACC-deaminase, and phosphorus, zinc and potassium solubilization. The optimization of the growth parameters (temperatures, shaking rpm, and pH level) of the MCP-degrading isolate was carried out in minimal salt broth supplemented with MCP. The optimal pH, temperature, and rpm for Msd2 growth were observed as pH 6, 35 °C, and 120 rpm, respectively. Based on optimization results, batch degradation experiment was performed. Biodegradation of MCP by B. intermedia was monitored using HPLC and recorded 78% degradation of MCP at 100 ppm concentration within 7 days of incubation. Degradation of MCP by Msd2 followed the first order reaction kinetics. Plant growth promoting and multi-stress tolerance ability of Msd2 was confirmed by molecular analysis. It is concluded that Brucella intermedia strain Msd2 could be beneficial as potential biological agent for an effective bioremediation for polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Aqlima Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tatheer Alam Naqvi
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Tariq Javed
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
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Draft Genome Sequence of Streptomyces malaysiensis TY049-057, a Potential Heavy Metal-Tolerant Strain Recovered from Tin Tailings. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0100522. [PMID: 36786591 PMCID: PMC10019241 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01005-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces malaysiensis strain TY049-057 was isolated from a former tin-mining area in Bidor (Perak, Malaysia). Here, we report a draft genome sequence of S. malaysiensis strain TY049-057, with an estimated size of 2.7 Mb.
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Pis Diez CM, Antelo GT, Dalia TN, Dalia AB, Giedroc DP, Capdevila DA. Increased intracellular persulfide levels attenuate HlyU-mediated hemolysin transcriptional activation in Vibrio cholerae. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.13.532278. [PMID: 36993174 PMCID: PMC10054925 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.13.532278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The vertebrate host’s immune system and resident commensal bacteria deploy a range of highly reactive small molecules that provide a barrier against infections by microbial pathogens. Gut pathogens, such as Vibrio cholerae , sense and respond to these stressors by modulating the expression of exotoxins that are crucial for colonization. Here, we employ mass-spectrometry-based profiling, metabolomics, expression assays and biophysical approaches to show that transcriptional activation of the hemolysin gene hlyA in V. cholerae is regulated by intracellular reactive sulfur species (RSS), specifically sulfane sulfur. We first present a comprehensive sequence similarity network analysis of the arsenic repressor (ArsR) superfamily of transcriptional regulators where RSS and reactive oxygen species (ROS) sensors segregate into distinct clusters. We show that HlyU, transcriptional activator of hlyA in V. cholerae , belongs to the RSS-sensing cluster and readily reacts with organic persulfides, showing no reactivity and remaining DNA-bound following treatment with various ROS in vitro, including H 2 O 2 . Surprisingly, in V. cholerae cell cultures, both sulfide and peroxide treatment downregulate HlyU-dependent transcriptional activation of hlyA . However, RSS metabolite profiling shows that both sulfide and peroxide treatment raise the endogenous inorganic sulfide and disulfide levels to a similar extent, accounting for this crosstalk, and confirming that V. cholerae attenuates HlyU-mediated activation of hlyA in a specific response to intracellular RSS. These findings provide new evidence that gut pathogens may harness RSS-sensing as an evolutionary adaptation that allows them to overcome the gut inflammatory response by modulating the expression of exotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian M. Pis Diez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), C1405BWE Ciudad Autónoma de, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA
| | - Giuliano T. Antelo
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), C1405BWE Ciudad Autónoma de, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA
| | - Triana N. Dalia
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA
| | - Ankur B. Dalia
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA
| | - David P. Giedroc
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA
| | - Daiana A. Capdevila
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), C1405BWE Ciudad Autónoma de, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Carbonaro M, Aulitto M, Gallo G, Contursi P, Limauro D, Fiorentino G. Insight into CAZymes of Alicyclobacillus mali FL18: Characterization of a New Multifunctional GH9 Enzyme. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010243. [PMID: 36613686 PMCID: PMC9820247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the bio-based era, cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes are biocatalysts used in many industrial processes, playing a key role in the conversion of recalcitrant lignocellulosic waste biomasses. In this context, many thermophilic microorganisms are considered as convenient sources of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes). In this work, a functional genomic annotation of Alicyclobacillus mali FL18, a recently discovered thermo-acidophilic microorganism, showed a wide reservoir of putative CAZymes. Among them, a novel enzyme belonging to the family 9 of glycosyl hydrolases (GHs), named AmCel9, was identified; in-depth in silico analyses highlighted that AmCel9 shares general features with other GH9 members. The synthetic gene was expressed in Escherichia coli and the recombinant protein was purified and characterized. The monomeric enzyme has an optimal catalytic activity at pH 6.0 and has comparable activity at temperatures ranging from 40 °C to 70 °C. It also has a broad substrate specificity, a typical behavior of multifunctional cellulases; the best activity is displayed on β-1,4 linked glucans. Very interestingly, AmCel9 also hydrolyses filter paper and microcrystalline cellulose. This work gives new insights into the properties of a new thermophilic multifunctional GH9 enzyme, that looks a promising biocatalyst for the deconstruction of lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Carbonaro
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Aulitto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Giovanni Gallo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Contursi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Danila Limauro
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fiorentino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Rehan M, Alhusays A, Serag AM, Boubakri H, Pujic P, Normand P. The cadCA and cadB/DX operons are possibly induced in cadmium resistance mechanism by Frankia alni ACN14a. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Flores A, Valencia-Marín MF, Chávez-Avila S, Ramírez-Díaz MI, de los Santos-Villalobos S, Meza-Carmen V, del Carmen Orozco-Mosqueda M, Santoyo G. Genome mining, phylogenetic, and functional analysis of arsenic (As) resistance operons in Bacillus strains, isolated from As-rich hot spring microbial mats. Microbiol Res 2022; 264:127158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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A New Strategy for As(V) Biosensing Based on the Inhibition of the Phosphatase Activity of the Arsenate Reductase from Thermus thermophilus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062942. [PMID: 35328363 PMCID: PMC8949286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic (As) pollution is a widespread problem worldwide. In recent years, biosensors based on enzymatic inhibition have been developed for arsenic detection, making the study of the effect of inhibitors on the selected enzymatic activity crucial for their setup. The arsenate reductase of Thermus thermophilus HB27, TtArsC, reduces As(V) into As(III), but is also endowed with phosphatase activity. This work investigates the inhibitory effects of As(V) and As(III) on phosphatase activity by taking advantage of a simple colorimetric assay; the results show that both of them are non-competitive inhibitors affecting the Vmax but not the KM of the reaction. However, their Ki values are different from each other (15.2 ± 1.6 μM for As(V) and 394.4 ± 40.3 µm with As(III)), indicating a higher inhibitory effect by As(V). Moreover, the inhibition-based biosystem results to be selective for As(V) since several other metal ions and salts do not affect TtArsC phosphatase activity; it exhibits a sensitivity of 0.53 ± 0.03 mU/mg/μM and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.28 ± 0.02 μM. The good sensitivity and specificity for As(V) point to consider inhibition of TtArsC phosphatase activity for the setup of a novel biosensor for the detection of As(V).
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A Hyperthermoactive-Cas9 Editing Tool Reveals the Role of a Unique Arsenite Methyltransferase in the Arsenic Resistance System of Thermus thermophilus HB27. mBio 2021; 12:e0281321. [PMID: 34872358 PMCID: PMC8649762 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02813-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic detoxification systems can be found in a wide range of organisms, from bacteria to humans. In a previous study, we discovered an arsenic-responsive transcriptional regulator in the thermophilic bacterium Thermus thermophilus HB27 (TtSmtB). Here, we characterize the arsenic resistance system of T. thermophilus in more detail. We employed TtSmtB-based pulldown assays with protein extracts from cultures treated with arsenate and arsenite to obtain an S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM)-dependent arsenite methyltransferase (TtArsM). In vivo and in vitro analyses were performed to shed light on this new component of the arsenic resistance network and its peculiar catalytic mechanism. Heterologous expression of TtarsM in Escherichia coli resulted in arsenite detoxification at mesophilic temperatures. Although TtArsM does not contain a canonical arsenite binding site, the purified protein does catalyze SAM-dependent arsenite methylation with formation of monomethylarsenites (MMAs) and dimethylarsenites (DMAs). In addition, in vitro analyses confirmed the unique interaction between TtArsM and TtSmtB. Next, a highly efficient ThermoCas9-based genome-editing tool was developed to delete the TtArsM-encoding gene on the T. thermophilus genome and to confirm its involvement in the arsenite detoxification system. Finally, the TtarsX efflux pump gene in the T. thermophilus ΔTtarsM genome was substituted by a gene encoding a stabilized yellow fluorescent protein (sYFP) to create a sensitive genome-based bioreporter system for the detection of arsenic ions.
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Gallo G, Puopolo R, Carbonaro M, Maresca E, Fiorentino G. Extremophiles, a Nifty Tool to Face Environmental Pollution: From Exploitation of Metabolism to Genome Engineering. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5228. [PMID: 34069056 PMCID: PMC8157027 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extremophiles are microorganisms that populate habitats considered inhospitable from an anthropocentric point of view and are able to tolerate harsh conditions such as high temperatures, extreme pHs, high concentrations of salts, toxic organic substances, and/or heavy metals. These microorganisms have been broadly studied in the last 30 years and represent precious sources of biomolecules and bioprocesses for many biotechnological applications; in this context, scientific efforts have been focused on the employment of extremophilic microbes and their metabolic pathways to develop biomonitoring and bioremediation strategies to face environmental pollution, as well as to improve biorefineries for the conversion of biomasses into various chemical compounds. This review gives an overview on the peculiar metabolic features of certain extremophilic microorganisms, with a main focus on thermophiles, which make them attractive for biotechnological applications in the field of environmental remediation; moreover, it sheds light on updated genetic systems (also those based on the CRISPR-Cas tool), which expand the potentialities of these microorganisms to be genetically manipulated for various biotechnological purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Gallo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.G.); (R.P.); (M.C.); (E.M.)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR, Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Rosanna Puopolo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.G.); (R.P.); (M.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Miriam Carbonaro
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.G.); (R.P.); (M.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Emanuela Maresca
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.G.); (R.P.); (M.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Gabriella Fiorentino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.G.); (R.P.); (M.C.); (E.M.)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR, Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
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Ali SA, Mittal D, Kaur G. In-situ monitoring of xenobiotics using genetically engineered whole-cell-based microbial biosensors: recent advances and outlook. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:81. [PMID: 33843020 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Industrialisation, directly or indirectly, exposes humans to various xenobiotics. The increased magnitude of chemical pesticides and toxic heavy metals in the environment, as well as their intrusion into the food chain, seriously threatens human health. Therefore, the surveillance of xenobiotics is crucial for social safety and security. Online investigation by traditional methods is not sufficient for the detection and identification of such compounds because of the high costs and their complexity. Advancement in the field of genetic engineering provides a potential opportunity to use genetically modified microorganisms. In this regard, whole-cell-based microbial biosensors (WCBMB) represent an essential tool that couples genetically engineered organisms with an operator/promoter derived from a heavy metal-resistant operon combined with a regulatory protein in the gene circuit. The plasmid controls the expression of the reporter gene, such as gfp, luc, lux and lacZ, to an inducible gene promoter and has been widely applied to assay toxicity and bioavailability. This review summarises the recent trends in the development and application of microbial biosensors and the use of mobile genes for biomedical and environmental safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Azmal Ali
- Proteomics and Cell Biology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Center, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India. .,Proteomics and Cell Biology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Center, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, 132001, Karnal, Haryana, India.
| | - Deepti Mittal
- Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Gurjeet Kaur
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Aulitto M, Gallo G, Puopolo R, Mormone A, Limauro D, Contursi P, Piochi M, Bartolucci S, Fiorentino G. Genomic Insight of Alicyclobacillus mali FL18 Isolated From an Arsenic-Rich Hot Spring. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:639697. [PMID: 33897644 PMCID: PMC8060452 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.639697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme environments are excellent places to find microorganisms capable of tolerating extreme temperature, pH, salinity pressure, and elevated concentration of heavy metals and other toxic compounds. In the last decades, extremophilic microorganisms have been extensively studied since they can be applied in several fields of biotechnology along with their enzymes. In this context, the characterization of heavy metal resistance determinants in thermophilic microorganisms is the starting point for the development of new biosystems and bioprocesses for environmental monitoring and remediation. This work focuses on the isolation and the genomic exploration of a new arsenic-tolerant microorganism, classified as Alicyclobacillus mali FL18. The bacterium was isolated from a hot mud pool of the solfataric terrains in Pisciarelli, a well-known hydrothermally active zone of the Campi Flegrei volcano near Naples in Italy. A. mali FL18 showed a good tolerance to arsenite (MIC value of 41 mM), as well as to other metals such as nickel (MIC 30 mM), cobalt, and mercury (MIC 3 mM and 17 μM, respectively). Signatures of arsenic resistance genes (one arsenate reductase, one arsenite methyltransferase, and several arsenite exporters) were found interspersed in the genome as well as several multidrug resistance efflux transporters that could be involved in the export of drugs and heavy metal ions. Moreover, the strain showed a high resistance to bacitracin and ciprofloxacin, suggesting that the extreme environment has positively selected multiple resistances to different toxic compounds. This work provides, for the first time, insights into the heavy metal tolerance and antibiotic susceptibility of an Alicyclobacillus strain and highlights its putative molecular determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Aulitto
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Giovanni Gallo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Rosanna Puopolo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Mormone
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Napoli Osservatorio Vesuviano, Naples, Italy
| | - Danila Limauro
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Contursi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Piochi
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Napoli Osservatorio Vesuviano, Naples, Italy
| | - Simonetta Bartolucci
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fiorentino
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR, Pozzuoli, Italy
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13
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Puopolo R, Sorrentino I, Gallo G, Piscitelli A, Giardina P, Le Goff A, Fiorentino G. Self-assembling thermostable chimeras as new platform for arsenic biosensing. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2991. [PMID: 33542380 PMCID: PMC7862302 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82648-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The correct immobilization and orientation of enzymes on nanosurfaces is a crucial step either for the realization of biosensors, as well as to guarantee the efficacy of the developed biomaterials. In this work we produced two versions of a chimeric protein, namely ArsC-Vmh2 and Vmh2-ArsC, which combined the self-assembling properties of Vmh2, a hydrophobin from Pleurotus ostreatus, with that of TtArsC, a thermophilic arsenate reductase from Thermus thermophilus; both chimeras were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and purified from inclusion bodies. They were characterized for their enzymatic capability to reduce As(V) into As(III), as well as for their immobilization properties on polystyrene and gold in comparison to the native TtArsC. The chimeric proteins immobilized on polystyrene can be reused up to three times and stored for 15 days with 50% of activity loss. Immobilization on gold electrodes showed that both chimeras follow a classic Langmuir isotherm model towards As(III) recognition, with an association constant (KAsIII) between As(III) and the immobilized enzyme, equal to 650 (± 100) L mol-1 for ArsC-Vmh2 and to 1200 (± 300) L mol-1 for Vmh2-ArsC. The results demonstrate that gold-immobilized ArsC-Vmh2 and Vmh2-ArsC can be exploited as electrochemical biosensors to detect As(III).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Puopolo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Sorrentino
- Department of Molecular Chemistry, CNRS, University Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Giovanni Gallo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Piscitelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Giardina
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Alan Le Goff
- Department of Molecular Chemistry, CNRS, University Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France.
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An L, Luo X, Wu M, Feng L, Shi K, Wang G, Rosen BP, Li M. Comamonas testosteroni antA encodes an antimonite-translocating P-type ATPase. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:142393. [PMID: 33254899 PMCID: PMC7885177 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Antimony, like arsenic, is a toxic metalloid widely distributed in the environment. Microbial detoxification of antimony has recently been identified. Here we describe a novel bacterial P1B-type antimonite (Sb(III))-translocating ATPase from the antimony-mining bacterium Comamonas testosterone JL40 that confers resistance to Sb(III). In a comparative proteomics analysis of strain JL40, an operon (ant operon) was up-regulated by Sb(III). The ant operon includes three genes, antR, antC and antA. AntR belongs to the ArsR/SmtB family of metalloregulatory proteins that regulates expression of the ant operon. AntA belongs to the P1B family of the P-type cation-translocating ATPases. It has both similarities to and differences from other members of the P1B-1 subfamily and appears to be the first identified member of a distinct subfamily that we designate P1B-8. Expression AntA in E. coli AW3110 (Δars) conferred resistance to Sb(III) and reduced the intracellular concentration of Sb(III) but not As(III) or other metals. Everted membrane vesicles from cells expressing antA accumulated Sb(III) but not As(III), where uptake in everted vesicles reflects efflux from cells. AntC is a small protein with a potential Sb(III) binding site, and co-expression of AntC with AntA increased resistance to Sb(III). We propose that AntC functions as an Sb(III) chaperone to AntA, augmenting Sb(III) efflux. The identification of a novel Sb(III)-translocating ATPase enhances our understanding of the biogeochemical cycling of environmental antimony by bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijin An
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Xiong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Minghan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Liling Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Kaixiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Gejiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Barry P Rosen
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | - Mingshun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
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15
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Pedone E, Fiorentino G, Bartolucci S, Limauro D. Enzymatic Antioxidant Signatures in Hyperthermophilic Archaea. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080703. [PMID: 32756530 PMCID: PMC7465337 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To fight reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by both the metabolism and strongly oxidative habitats, hyperthermophilic archaea are equipped with an array of antioxidant enzymes whose role is to protect the biological macromolecules from oxidative damage. The most common ROS, such as superoxide radical (O2-.) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), are scavenged by superoxide dismutase, peroxiredoxins, and catalase. These enzymes, together with thioredoxin, protein disulfide oxidoreductase, and thioredoxin reductase, which are involved in redox homeostasis, represent the core of the antioxidant system. In this review, we offer a panorama of progression of knowledge on the antioxidative system in aerobic or microaerobic (hyper)thermophilic archaea and possible industrial applications of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Pedone
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Gabriella Fiorentino
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (S.B.)
| | - Simonetta Bartolucci
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (S.B.)
| | - Danila Limauro
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Puopolo R, Gallo G, Mormone A, Limauro D, Contursi P, Piochi M, Bartolucci S, Fiorentino G. Identification of a New Heavy-Metal-Resistant Strain of Geobacillus stearothermophilus Isolated from a Hydrothermally Active Volcanic Area in Southern Italy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E2678. [PMID: 32295125 PMCID: PMC7215868 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms thriving in hot springs and hydrothermally active volcanic areas are dynamically involved in heavy-metal biogeochemical cycles; they have developed peculiar resistance systems to cope with such metals which nowadays can be considered among the most permanent and toxic pollutants for humans and the environment. For this reason, their exploitation is functional to unravel mechanisms of toxic-metal detoxification and to address bioremediation of heavy-metal pollution with eco-sustainable approaches. In this work, we isolated a novel strain of the thermophilic bacterium Geobacillus stearothermophilus from the solfataric mud pool in Pisciarelli, a well-known hydrothermally active zone of the Campi Flegrei volcano located near Naples in Italy, and characterized it by ribotyping, 16S rRNA sequencing and mass spectrometry analyses. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) toward several heavy-metal ions indicated that the novel G. stearothermophilus isolate is particularly resistant to some of them. Functional and morphological analyses suggest that it is endowed with metal resistance systems for arsenic and cadmium detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Puopolo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80139 Napoli, Italy; (R.P.); (G.G.); (D.L.); (P.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Giovanni Gallo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80139 Napoli, Italy; (R.P.); (G.G.); (D.L.); (P.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Angela Mormone
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Osservatorio Vesuviano, 80125 Napoli, Italy; (A.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Danila Limauro
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80139 Napoli, Italy; (R.P.); (G.G.); (D.L.); (P.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Patrizia Contursi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80139 Napoli, Italy; (R.P.); (G.G.); (D.L.); (P.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Monica Piochi
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Osservatorio Vesuviano, 80125 Napoli, Italy; (A.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Simonetta Bartolucci
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80139 Napoli, Italy; (R.P.); (G.G.); (D.L.); (P.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Gabriella Fiorentino
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80139 Napoli, Italy; (R.P.); (G.G.); (D.L.); (P.C.); (S.B.)
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17
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Gallo G, Antonucci I, Pirone L, Amoresano A, Contursi P, Limauro D, Pedone E, Bartolucci S, Fiorentino G. A physicochemical investigation on the metal binding properties of TtSmtB, a thermophilic member of the ArsR/SmtB transcription factor family. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 138:1056-1063. [PMID: 31356933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factors of the ArsR/SmtB family are widespread within the bacterial and archaeal kingdoms. They are transcriptional repressors able to sense a variety of metals and undergo allosteric conformational changes upon metal binding, resulting in derepression of genes involved in detoxification. So far, the molecular determinants of specificity, selectivity, and metal binding mechanism have been scarcely investigated in thermophilic microorganisms. TtSmtB, the only ArsR/SmtB member present in the genome of Thermus thermophilus HB27, was chosen as a model to shed light into such molecular mechanisms at high temperature. In the present study, using a multidisciplinary approach, a structural and functional characterization of the protein was performed focusing on its metal interaction and chemical-physical stability. Our data demonstrate that TtSmtB has two distinct metal binding sites per monomer and interacts with di-tri-penta-valent ions with different affinity. Detailed knowledge at molecular level of protein-metal interaction is remarkable to design metal binding domains as scaffolds in metal-based therapies as well as in metal biorecovery or biosensing in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Gallo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Luciano Pirone
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Angela Amoresano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Patrizia Contursi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Danila Limauro
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Emilia Pedone
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, CNR, Napoli, Italy
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18
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Castro C, Urbieta MS, Plaza Cazón J, Donati ER. Metal biorecovery and bioremediation: Whether or not thermophilic are better than mesophilic microorganisms. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 279:317-326. [PMID: 30755320 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Metal mobilization and immobilization catalyzed by microbial action are key processes in environmental biotechnology. Metal mobilization from ores, mining wastes, or solid residues can be used for recovering metals and/or remediating polluted environments; furthermore, immobilization reduces the migration of metals; cleans up effluents plus ground- and surface water; and, moreover, can help to concentrate and recover metals. Usually these processes provide certain advantages over traditional technologies such as more efficient economical and environmentally sustainable results. Since elevated temperatures typically increase chemical kinetics, it could be expected that bioprocesses should also be enhanced by replacing mesophiles with thermophiles or hyperthermophiles. Nevertheless, other issues like process stability, flexibility, and thermophile-versus-mesophile resistance to acidity and/or metal toxicity should be carefully considered. This review critically analyzes and compares thermophilic and mesophilic microbial performances in recent and selected representative examples of metal bioremediation and biorecovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Castro
- CINDEFI (CONICET-CCT LA PLATA UNLP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calles 47 y 115, (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - M S Urbieta
- CINDEFI (CONICET-CCT LA PLATA UNLP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calles 47 y 115, (1900), La Plata, Argentina.
| | - J Plaza Cazón
- CINDEFI (CONICET-CCT LA PLATA UNLP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calles 47 y 115, (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - E R Donati
- CINDEFI (CONICET-CCT LA PLATA UNLP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calles 47 y 115, (1900), La Plata, Argentina
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19
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Aulitto M, Fusco S, Limauro D, Fiorentino G, Bartolucci S, Contursi P. Galactomannan degradation by thermophilic enzymes: a hot topic for biotechnological applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:32. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2591-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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