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Righetti GIC, Faedi F, Famulari A. Embracing Sustainability: The World of Bio-Based Polymers in a Mini Review. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:950. [PMID: 38611207 PMCID: PMC11013738 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The proliferation of polymer science and technology in recent decades has been remarkable, with synthetic polymers derived predominantly from petroleum-based sources dominating the market. However, concerns about their environmental impacts and the finite nature of fossil resources have sparked interest in sustainable alternatives. Bio-based polymers, derived from renewable sources such as plants and microbes, offer promise in addressing these challenges. This review provides an overview of bio-based polymers, discussing their production methods, properties, and potential applications. Specifically, it explores prominent examples including polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), and polyhydroxy polyamides (PHPAs). Despite their current limited market share, the growing awareness of environmental issues and advancements in technology are driving increased demand for bio-based polymers, positioning them as essential components in the transition towards a more sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Isa C. Righetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Antonino Famulari
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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2
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Alshabebi AS, Alrashed MM, El Blidi L, Haider S. Preparation of Bio-Based Polyurethane Coating from Citrullus colocynthis Seed Oil: Characterization and Corrosion Performance. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:214. [PMID: 38257013 PMCID: PMC10818284 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, a new epoxidized oil from Citrullus colocynthis seed oil (CCSO) was obtained for a potential application in the formulation of polyurethane coatings. Initially, the fatty acid composition of CCSO was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Subsequently, the epoxidation of CCSO was performed with in situ generated peracetic acid, which was formed with hydrogen peroxide (30 wt.%) and glacial acetic acid and catalyzed with sulfuric acid. The reaction was continued at a molar ratio of 1.50:1.0 of hydrogen peroxide to double bond (H2O2:DB) for 6 h at a controlled temperature of 60 °C. The resulting epoxidized oil was then used to produce a bio-based polyol by hydroxylation. The molar ratio of epoxy groups to methanol and distilled water was maintained at 1:11:2, and the reaction was carried out for 2 h at a controlled temperature of 65 °C. The major functional groups of the epoxidized oil and its polyol were validated by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopies. A polyurethane (PU) coating was produced from the synthesized polyol and 3HDI isocyanurate, keeping the molar ratio of NCO:OH at 1:1. The resulting PU coating was then applied to glass and aluminum panels (Al 1001). After the film was cured, the properties of the PU coating were evaluated using various techniques including pencil hardness, pendulum hardness, adhesion, gloss, chemical resistance, and EIS tests. The results show that the PU coating obtained from CCSO is a promising new raw material for coating applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lahssen El Blidi
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (M.M.A.); (S.H.)
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3
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Carbonaro M, Aulitto M, Gallo G, Contursi P, Limauro D, Fiorentino G. Insight into CAZymes of Alicyclobacillus mali FL18: Characterization of a New Multifunctional GH9 Enzyme. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010243. [PMID: 36613686 PMCID: PMC9820247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the bio-based era, cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes are biocatalysts used in many industrial processes, playing a key role in the conversion of recalcitrant lignocellulosic waste biomasses. In this context, many thermophilic microorganisms are considered as convenient sources of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes). In this work, a functional genomic annotation of Alicyclobacillus mali FL18, a recently discovered thermo-acidophilic microorganism, showed a wide reservoir of putative CAZymes. Among them, a novel enzyme belonging to the family 9 of glycosyl hydrolases (GHs), named AmCel9, was identified; in-depth in silico analyses highlighted that AmCel9 shares general features with other GH9 members. The synthetic gene was expressed in Escherichia coli and the recombinant protein was purified and characterized. The monomeric enzyme has an optimal catalytic activity at pH 6.0 and has comparable activity at temperatures ranging from 40 °C to 70 °C. It also has a broad substrate specificity, a typical behavior of multifunctional cellulases; the best activity is displayed on β-1,4 linked glucans. Very interestingly, AmCel9 also hydrolyses filter paper and microcrystalline cellulose. This work gives new insights into the properties of a new thermophilic multifunctional GH9 enzyme, that looks a promising biocatalyst for the deconstruction of lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Carbonaro
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Aulitto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Giovanni Gallo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Contursi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Danila Limauro
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fiorentino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Ferrari F, Striani R, Fico D, Alam MM, Greco A, Esposito Corcione C. An Overview on Wood Waste Valorization as Biopolymers and Biocomposites: Definition, Classification, Production, Properties and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245519. [PMID: 36559886 PMCID: PMC9787771 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bio-based polymers, obtained from natural biomass, are nowadays considered good candidates for the replacement of traditional fossil-derived plastics. The need for substituting traditional synthetic plastics is mainly driven by many concerns about their detrimental effects on the environment and human health. The most innovative way to produce bioplastics involves the use of raw materials derived from wastes. Raw materials are of vital importance for human and animal health and due to their economic and environmental benefits. Among these, wood waste is gaining popularity as an innovative raw material for biopolymer manufacturing. On the other hand, the use of wastes as a source to produce biopolymers and biocomposites is still under development and the processing methods are currently being studied in order to reach a high reproducibility and thus increase the yield of production. This study therefore aimed to cover the current developments in the classification, manufacturing, performances and fields of application of bio-based polymers, especially focusing on wood waste sources. The work was carried out using both a descriptive and an analytical methodology: first, a description of the state of art as it exists at present was reported, then the available information was analyzed to make a critical evaluation of the results. A second way to employ wood scraps involves their use as bio-reinforcements for composites; therefore, the increase in the mechanical response obtained by the addition of wood waste in different bio-based matrices was explored in this work. Results showed an increase in Young's modulus up to 9 GPa for wood-reinforced PLA and up to 6 GPa for wood-reinforced PHA.
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Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Sun B, Xu J, Jin Q, Lu H, Lyu N, Dang ZM, Jin Y. Copper Particle-Enhanced Lithium-Mediated Synthesis of Green Ammonia from Water and Nitrogen. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:19419-19425. [PMID: 35467840 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) is one of the most frequently produced chemical products in the world, and it plays an indispensable role in life on Earth. However, its synthesis by the Haber-Bosch (H-B) process is highly energy intensive, resulting in extensive carbon emissions that are unsustainable due to their ability to harm the environment. Herein, we propose a facile and mass-producible strategy for increasing the rate and efficiency of nitrogen fixation through the use of copper particle-catalyzed Li nitridation and a solid electrolyte as a medium to reduce Li salt; the above strategy results in the conversion of water and nitrogen into NH3 through the use of renewable electrical energy at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Copper particles are uniformly pressed into Li metal by a simple rolling method, and their critical role in accelerating the nitrogen fixation process is revealed by both electrochemical tests and simulations. The nitridation of the Li in the composite is reduced to a few minutes instead of the more than 40 h that are needed for bare Li and N2 at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Our new method provides three important advantages over the H-B method: (1) the new method can be operated at atmospheric pressure, thereby lowering equipment requirements and increasing security; (2) the use of water instead of fossil fuels as a hydrogen source decreases the consumption of these fuels and the emission of CO2; and (3) the low equipment requirements lead to the ready miniaturization and decentralization of the NH3 synthesizing process, thus promoting the possible use of renewable sources of electricity (e.g., wind or solar energy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Zhang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Bin Sun
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qianzheng Jin
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hongfei Lu
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Nawei Lyu
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhi-Min Dang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Power System, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yang Jin
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Gonçalves FAMM, Fonseca A, Cordeiro R, Piedade A, Faneca H, Serra A, Coelho JFJ. Fabrication of 3D scaffolds based on fully biobased unsaturated polyester resins by microstereo-lithography. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 35026736 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac4b46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies are an effective route to fabricate tailor made scaffolds for tissue engineering (TE) and regenerative medicine with microstereo-lithography (µSLA) being one of the most promising techniques to produce high quality 3D structures. Here, we report the crosslinking studies of fully biobased unsaturated polyesters (UPs) with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) as the unsaturated monomer (UM), using thermal and µSLA crosslinking processes. The resulting resins were fully characterized in terms of their thermal and mechanical properties. Determination of gel content, water contact angle (WCA), topography and morphology analysis by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were also performed. The results show that the developed unsaturated polyester resins (UPRs) have promising properties for µSLA. In vitro cytotoxicity assays performed with 3T3-L1 cell lines showed that the untreated scaffolds exhibited a maximum cellular viability around 60 %, which was attributed to the acidic nature of the UPRs. The treatment of the UPRs and scaffolds with ethanol (EtOH) improved the cellular viability to 100%. The data presented in this manuscript contribute to improve the performance of biobased unsaturated polyesters in additive manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa A M M Gonçalves
- Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Rua Sílvio Lima-PóloII, Coimbra, Coimbra, 3030-790, PORTUGAL
| | - Ana Fonseca
- Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Rua Sílvio Lima-PóloII, Coimbra, Coimbra, 3030-790, PORTUGAL
| | - Rosemeyre Cordeiro
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua Larga - Faculdade de Medicina, Coimbra, 3004-504 , PORTUGAL
| | - Ana Piedade
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra Faculty of Sciences and Technology, R. Luis Reis dos Santos, Coimbra, Coimbra, 3030-194, PORTUGAL
| | - Henrique Faneca
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua Larga - Faculdade de Medicina, Coimbra, 3004-504, PORTUGAL
| | - Arménio Serra
- Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Rua Sílvio Lima-PóloII, Coimbra, Coimbra, 3030-790, PORTUGAL
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Meyer CC, Stafford NP, Cheng MJ, Krische MJ. Ethanol: Unlocking an Abundant Renewable C 2 -Feedstock for Catalytic Enantioselective C-C Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10542-10546. [PMID: 33689214 PMCID: PMC8085048 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With annual production at >85 million tons/year, ethanol is the world's largest-volume renewable small molecule carbon source, yet its use as a C2 -feedstock in enantioselective C-C coupling is unknown. Here, the first catalytic enantioselective C-C couplings of ethanol are demonstrated in reactions with structurally complex, nitrogen-rich allylic acetates incorporating the top 10 N-heterocycles found in FDA-approved drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole C. Meyer
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, 105 E 24th St. (A5300), Austin, TX 78712-1167 (USA)
| | - Nicholas P. Stafford
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, 105 E 24th St. (A5300), Austin, TX 78712-1167 (USA)
| | - Melinda J. Cheng
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, 105 E 24th St. (A5300), Austin, TX 78712-1167 (USA)
| | - Michael J. Krische
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, 105 E 24th St. (A5300), Austin, TX 78712-1167 (USA)
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8
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Leszczyńska M, Malewska E, Ryszkowska J, Kurańska M, Gloc M, Leszczyński MK, Prociak A. Vegetable Fillers and Rapeseed Oil-Based Polyol as Natural Raw Materials for the Production of Rigid Polyurethane Foams. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:1772. [PMID: 33916735 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The reported study concerns the introduction of renewable raw materials into the formulation of rigid polyurethane foams in the quest for the sustainable development of polymer composites. In this study, rigid polyurethane foam composites were prepared using 75 wt.% of rapeseed oil-based polyol and 15 parts per hundred parts of polyol (php) of natural fillers such as chokeberry pomace, raspberry seeds, as well as hazelnut and walnut shells. The influence of the used raw materials on the foaming process, structure, and properties of foams was investigated using a FOAMAT analyzer and a wide selection of characterization techniques. The introduction of renewable raw materials limited reactivity of the system, which reduced maximum temperature of the foaming process. Moreover, foams prepared using renewable raw materials were characterized by a more regular cell structure, a higher share of closed cells, lower apparent density, lower compressive strength and glass transition temperature, low friability (<2%), low water absorption (<1%), high dimensional stability (<±0.5%) and increased thermal stability. The proper selection and preparation of the renewable raw materials and the rational development of the polyurethane recipe composition allow for the preparation of environmentally-friendly foam products with beneficial application properties considering the demands of the circular economy in the synthesis of rigid foams.
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9
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Piątek-Hnat M, Sładkiewicz P, Bomba K, Pęksiński J, Kozłowska A, Sośnicki JG, Idzik TJ. Tailoring the Physico-Chemical Properties of Poly(xylitol-dicarboxylate- co-butylene dicarboxylate) Polyesters by Adjusting the Cross-Linking Time. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1493. [PMID: 32635345 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining the cross-linking time resulting in the best achievable properties in elastomers is a very important factor when considering their mass production. In this paper, five biodegradable polymers were synthesized-poly(xylitol-dicarboxylate-co-butylene dicarboxylate) polymers, based on xylitol obtained from renewable sources. Five different dicarboxylic acids with even numbers of carbon atoms in the aliphatic chain were used: succinic acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, and dodecanedioic acid. Samples were taken directly after polycondensation (prepolymer samples) and at different stages of the cross-linking process. Physiochemical properties were determined by a gel fraction test, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), quasi-static tensile tests, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR and 13C NMR), and an in vitro biodegradation test. The best cross-linking time was determined to be 288h. Properties and degradation time can be tailored for specific applications by adjusting the dicarboxylic acid chain length.
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Rico-García D, Ruiz-Rubio L, Pérez-Alvarez L, Hernández-Olmos SL, Guerrero-Ramírez GL, Vilas-Vilela JL. Lignin-Based Hydrogels: Synthesis and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E81. [PMID: 31947714 PMCID: PMC7023625 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymers obtained from biomass are an interesting alternative to petro-based polymers due to their low cost of production, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. This is the case of lignin, which is the second most abundant biopolymer in plants. As a consequence, the exploitation of lignin for the production of new materials with improved properties is currently considered as one of the main challenging issues, especially for the paper industry. Regarding its chemical structure, lignin is a crosslinked polymer that contains many functional hydrophilic and active groups, such as hydroxyls, carbonyls and methoxyls, which provides a great potential to be employed in the synthesis of biodegradable hydrogels, materials that are recognized for their interesting applicability in biomedicine, soil and water treatment, and agriculture, among others. This work describes the main methods for the preparation of lignin-based hydrogels reported in the last years, based on the chemical and/or physical interaction with polymers widely used in hydrogels formulations. Furthermore, herein are also reviewed the current applications of lignin hydrogels as stimuli-responsive materials, flexible supercapacitors, and wearable electronics for biomedical and water remediation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rico-García
- Chemistry Department, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Guadalajara, 44430 Guadalajara, Mexico; (D.R.-G.); (S.L.H.-O.); (G.L.G.-R.)
| | - Leire Ruiz-Rubio
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group (LQM), Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (L.P.-A.)
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Leyre Pérez-Alvarez
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group (LQM), Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (L.P.-A.)
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Saira L. Hernández-Olmos
- Chemistry Department, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Guadalajara, 44430 Guadalajara, Mexico; (D.R.-G.); (S.L.H.-O.); (G.L.G.-R.)
| | - Guillermo L. Guerrero-Ramírez
- Chemistry Department, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Guadalajara, 44430 Guadalajara, Mexico; (D.R.-G.); (S.L.H.-O.); (G.L.G.-R.)
| | - José Luis Vilas-Vilela
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group (LQM), Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (L.P.-A.)
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
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Caruso L, Puglisi A, Gillon E, Benaglia M. Organocatalytic Michael Addition to (D)-Mannitol-Derived Enantiopure Nitroalkenes: A Valuable Strategy for the Synthesis of Densely Functionalized Chiral Molecules. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244588. [PMID: 31847419 PMCID: PMC6943540 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates are abundant renewable resources and are a feedstock for green chemistry and sustainable synthesis of the future. Among the hexoses and the pentoses present in biomass, mannitol was selected in the present project as a valuable platform, directly available from the chiral pool, to build highly functionalized molecules. Starting from (R)-2,3-O-cyclohexylidene glyceraldehyde, which is easily prepared in a large scale from D-mannitol, an enantiopure chiral nitro alkene was prepared by reaction with nitromethane, and its reactivity studied. Organocatalytic Michael addition of dimethyl malonate, β-keto esters, and other nucleophiles on the nitro alkene afforded high stereoselectivity and densely functionalized chiral molecules, which were further synthetically developed, leading to five-membered lactones and bicyclic lactams. Preliminary studies showed that the metal-free catalytic reaction on the chiral nitro alkene can be performed under continuous flow conditions, thus enabling the use of (micro)mesofluidic systems for the preparation of enantiomerically pure organic molecules from the chiral pool.
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12
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Gregorí Valdés BS, Gomes CSB, Gomes PT, Ascenso JR, Diogo HP, Gonçalves LM, Galhano Dos Santos R, Ribeiro HM, Bordado JC. Synthesis and Characterization of Isosorbide-Based Polyurethanes Exhibiting Low Cytotoxicity Towards HaCaT Human Skin Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10101170. [PMID: 30961095 PMCID: PMC6403884 DOI: 10.3390/polym10101170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of four samples of new polyurethanes was evaluated by changing the ratio of the diol monomers used, poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) and D-isosorbide, in the presence of aliphatic isocyanates such as the isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and 4,4′-methylenebis(cyclohexyl isocyanate) (HMDI). The thermal properties of the four polymers obtained were determined by DSC, exhibiting Tg values in the range 55–70 °C, and their molecular structure characterized by FTIR, 1H, and 13C NMR spectroscopies. The diffusion coefficients of these polymers in solution were measured by the Pulse Gradient Spin Echo (PGSE) NMR method, enabling the calculation of the corresponding hydrodynamic radii in diluted solution (1.62–2.65 nm). The molecular weights were determined by GPC/SEC and compared with the values determined by a quantitative 13C NMR analysis. Finally, the biocompatibility of the polyurethanes was assessed using the HaCaT keratinocyte cell line by the MTT reduction assay method showing values superior to 70% cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara S Gregorí Valdés
- CERENA, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Research Institute for Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Clara S B Gomes
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Pedro T Gomes
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - José R Ascenso
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Hermínio P Diogo
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Lídia M Gonçalves
- Research Institute for Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Rui Galhano Dos Santos
- CERENA, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Helena M Ribeiro
- Research Institute for Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - João C Bordado
- CERENA, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
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13
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Wang J, Lu X, Ying H, Ma W, Xu S, Wang X, Chen K, Ouyang P. A Novel Process for Cadaverine Bio-Production Using a Consortium of Two Engineered Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1312. [PMID: 29971056 PMCID: PMC6018084 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bio-production of cadaverine from cheap carbon sources for synthesizing bio-based polyamides is becoming more common. Here, a novel fermentation process for cadaverine bio-production from glucose was implemented by using a microbial consortium of two engineered Escherichia coli strains to relieve the toxic effect of cadaverine on fermentation efficiency. To achieve controllable growth of strains in the microbial consortium, two engineered E. coli strains grown separately on different carbon sources were first constructed. The strains were, an L-lysine-producing E. coli NT1004 with glucose as carbon source, and a cadaverine-producing E. coli CAD03 with glucose metabolism deficiency generated by modifying the PTSGlc system with CRISPR-Cas9 technology and inactivating cadaverine degradation pathways. Co-culturing these two engineered E. coli strains with a mixture of glucose and glycerol led to successful production of cadaverine. After optimizing cultivation conditions, a cadaverine titer of 28.5 g/L was achieved with a multi-stage constant-speed feeding strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanxiao Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weichao Ma
- College of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, China
| | - Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kequan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pingkai Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
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14
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Souza AF, Rodriguez DM, Ribeaux DR, Luna MAC, Lima E Silva TA, Andrade RFS, Gusmão NB, Campos-Takaki GM. Waste Soybean Oil and Corn Steep Liquor as Economic Substrates for Bioemulsifier and Biodiesel Production by Candida lipolytica UCP 0998. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101608. [PMID: 27669227 PMCID: PMC5085641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost all oleaginous microorganisms are available for biodiesel production, and for the mechanism of oil accumulation, which is what makes a microbial approach economically competitive. This study investigated the potential that the yeast Candida lipolytica UCP0988, in an anamorphous state, has to produce simultaneously a bioemulsifier and to accumulate lipids using inexpensive and alternative substrates. Cultivation was carried out using waste soybean oil and corn steep liquor in accordance with 22 experimental designs with 1% inoculums (107 cells/mL). The bioemulsifier was produced in the cell-free metabolic liquid in the late exponential phase (96 h), at Assay 4 (corn steep liquor 5% and waste soybean oil 8%), with 6.704 UEA, IE24 of 96.66%, and showed an anionic profile. The emulsion formed consisted of compact small and stable droplets (size 0.2–5 µm), stable at all temperatures, at pH 2 and 4, and 2% salinity, and showed an ability to remove 93.74% of diesel oil from sand. The displacement oil (ODA) showed 45.34 cm2 of dispersion (central point of the factorial design). The biomass obtained from Assay 4 was able to accumulate lipids of 0.425 g/g biomass (corresponding to 42.5%), which consisted of Palmitic acid (28.4%), Stearic acid (7.7%), Oleic acid (42.8%), Linoleic acid (19.0%), and γ-Linolenic acid (2.1%). The results showed the ability of C. lipopytica to produce both bioemulsifier and biodiesel using the metabolic conversion of waste soybean oil and corn steep liquor, which are economic renewable sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Ferreira Souza
- Fungal Biology Post-graduation Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife-PE, Brazil.
- Nucleus of Research in Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Pernambuco, 50050-590 Recife-PE, Brazil.
| | - Dayana M Rodriguez
- Nucleus of Research in Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Pernambuco, 50050-590 Recife-PE, Brazil.
- Biological Sciences Post-graduation Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-420 Recife-PE, Brazil.
| | - Daylin R Ribeaux
- Nucleus of Research in Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Pernambuco, 50050-590 Recife-PE, Brazil.
- Biological Sciences Post-graduation Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-420 Recife-PE, Brazil.
| | - Marcos A C Luna
- Nucleus of Research in Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Pernambuco, 50050-590 Recife-PE, Brazil.
- Northeast Network for Biotechnology Post-graduation Program, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, 52171-900 Recife-PE, Brazil.
| | - Thayse A Lima E Silva
- Nucleus of Research in Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Pernambuco, 50050-590 Recife-PE, Brazil.
- National Post-Doctorate Program-CAPES, Catholic University of Pernambuco, 50050-900 Recife-PE, Brazil.
| | - Rosileide F Silva Andrade
- Nucleus of Research in Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Pernambuco, 50050-590 Recife-PE, Brazil.
- National Post-Doctorate Program-CAPES, Catholic University of Pernambuco, 50050-900 Recife-PE, Brazil.
| | - Norma B Gusmão
- Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife-PE, Brazil.
| | - Galba M Campos-Takaki
- Nucleus of Research in Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Pernambuco, 50050-590 Recife-PE, Brazil.
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