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Shi S, Dong Y, Wang S, Du X, Feng N, Xu L, Zhong VW. Associations of Dietary Cholesterol Consumption With Incident Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: The Role of Genetic Variability in Cholesterol Absorption and Disease Predisposition. Diabetes Care 2024; 47:1092-1098. [PMID: 38593324 DOI: 10.2337/dc23-2336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Whether genetic susceptibility to disease and dietary cholesterol (DC) absorption contribute to inconsistent associations of DC consumption with diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS DC consumption was assessed by repeated 24-h dietary recalls in the UK Biobank. A polygenetic risk score (PRS) for DC absorption was constructed using genetic variants in the Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 and ATP Binding Cassettes G5 and G8 genes. PRSs for diabetes, coronary artery disease, and stroke were also created. The associations of DC consumption with incident diabetes (n = 96,826) and CVD (n = 94,536) in the overall sample and by PRS subgroups were evaluated using adjusted Cox models. RESULTS Each additional 300 mg/day of DC consumption was associated with incident diabetes (hazard ratio [HR], 1.17 [95% CI, 1.07-1.27]) and CVD (HR, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.03-1.17]), but further adjusting for BMI nullified these associations (HR for diabetes, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.90-1.09]; HR for CVD, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.98-1.12]). Genetic susceptibility to the diseases did not modify these associations (P for interaction ≥0.06). The DC-CVD association appeared to be stronger in people with greater genetic susceptibility to cholesterol absorption assessed by the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-related PRS (P for interaction = 0.04), but the stratum-level association estimates were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS DC consumption was not associated with incident diabetes and CVD, after adjusting for BMI, in the overall sample and in subgroups stratified by genetic predisposition to cholesterol absorption and the diseases. Nevertheless, whether genetic predisposition to cholesterol absorption modifies the DC-CVD association requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxiao Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Dong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sujing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xihao Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nannan Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Victor W Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Rangwala HS, Fatima H, Ali M, Shafiq MA, Rangwala BS, Virwani V, Kumar A, Arsal SA, Raja A, Raja S, Mustafa MS. Evaluating the Effectiveness and Safety of Evinacumab in Treating Hypercholesterolemia and Hypertriglyceridemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2024:10.1007/s40256-024-00649-1. [PMID: 38713309 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-024-00649-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease remains a significant global health concern, with high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels contributing to an increased risk. Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) further complicates its management, necessitating additional lipid-lowering therapies. Evinacumab, an angiopoietin-like protein 3 monoclonal antibody, has emerged as a potential treatment, particularly for patients with FH, by effectively reducing LDL-C and triglyceride levels. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of evinacumab across diverse patient populations. METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria, relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were systematically retrieved from multiple databases until November 24, 2023. The inclusion criteria were studies comparing evinacumab (at doses of 5 and 15 mg) to placebo, with outcomes focusing on lipid levels and adverse events. Standardized protocols were employed for data extraction and quality assessment, and statistical analysis was conducted using RevMan software. RESULTS Four RCTs, involving 270 patients, were included in the analysis. The analysis revealed significant reductions in lipid markers, particularly with the 15-mg dose of evinacumab, including triacylglycerols (standard mean difference [SMD] = -6.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] - 14.53 to 2.36, P = 0.16), total cholesterol (SMD = - 6.20, 95% CI - 11.53 to - 0.88, P = 0.02), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SMD = - 0.79, 95% CI - 1.27 to - 0.31, P = 0.001), LDL-C (SMD = - 4.58, 95% CI - 9.13 to - 0.03, P = 0.05), apolipoprotein (Apo) B (SMD = - 4.01, 95% CI - 7.53 to - 0.46, P = 0.03), and Apo C3 (SMD = - 7.67, 95% CI - 12.94 to - 2.41, P = 0.004). Adverse event analysis revealed no significant association, indicating good tolerability. CONCLUSION High-dose evinacumab (15 mg) consistently demonstrated efficacy in reducing cholesterol and other lipid markers, with favorable tolerability. Further research is warranted to comprehensively assess its safety and clinical effectiveness, emphasizing the need for additional data to support its use in managing cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Sohail Rangwala
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Iqbal Shaheed Rd, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Hareer Fatima
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Iqbal Shaheed Rd, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mirha Ali
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Iqbal Shaheed Rd, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashir Shafiq
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Iqbal Shaheed Rd, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Vikash Virwani
- Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aashish Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College Lyari, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ali Arsal
- Department of Medicine, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College Lyari, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Adarsh Raja
- Department of Medicine, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College Lyari, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sandesh Raja
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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Duell PB, Banach M, Catapano AL, Laufs U, Mancini GBJ, Ray KK, Broestl C, Zhang Y, Lei L, Goldberg AC. Efficacy and safety of bempedoic acid in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: analysis of pooled patient-level data from phase 3 clinical trials. J Clin Lipidol 2024; 18:e153-e165. [PMID: 38341323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) often cannot reach guideline-recommended low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goals despite multidrug therapy. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of bempedoic acid as an add-on therapy for lowering LDL-C in patients with HeFH. METHODS Pooled data from two 52-week phase 3 clinical trials of patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and/or HeFH receiving maximally tolerated statin therapy (randomized 2:1 to bempedoic acid or placebo) were analyzed by HeFH status. Endpoints included changes from baseline to week 12 (and up to week 52) in LDL-C and other lipid parameters, achievement of LDL-C goals, and safety. RESULTS A total of 217 (bempedoic acid, 146; placebo, 71) patients with HeFH and 2,792 (bempedoic acid, 1,864; placebo, 928) without HeFH were included (mean baseline LDL-C, 172.8 mg/dL and 102.6 mg/dL, respectively). Bempedoic acid significantly lowered LDL-C at week 12 vs. placebo regardless of HeFH status (with HeFH, -21.2%; without HeFH, -18.2% [both P<0.0001]). Bempedoic acid significantly reduced other lipid parameters and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein vs. placebo regardless of HeFH status (all P≤0.01). Among patients with HeFH treated with bempedoic acid, 32% and 27% achieved LDL-C <100 mg/dL at weeks 12 and 52, respectively. Overall treatment-emergent adverse event incidence was comparable across all four groups (74.7-77.5%). CONCLUSION Bempedoic acid significantly lowered LDL-C levels vs. placebo and was generally well tolerated in all patients, with no new safety findings in patients with HeFH, despite more intensive lipid-lowering therapy in patients with vs. without HeFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Barton Duell
- Center for Preventive Cardiology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA (Dr Duell).
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Łódź (MUL), Łódź, Poland (Dr Banach)
| | | | - Ulrich Laufs
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Laufs)
| | - G B John Mancini
- Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (Dr Mancini)
| | - Kausik K Ray
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (Dr Ray)
| | - Christine Broestl
- Esperion Therapeutics, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI, USA (Drs Broestl, Zhang, Lei)
| | - Yang Zhang
- Esperion Therapeutics, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI, USA (Drs Broestl, Zhang, Lei)
| | - Lei Lei
- Esperion Therapeutics, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI, USA (Drs Broestl, Zhang, Lei)
| | - Anne C Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA (Dr Goldberg)
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Zhang Y, Zhao H, Zhao J, Lv W, Jia X, Lu X, Zhao X, Xu G. Quantified Metabolomics and Lipidomics Profiles Reveal Serum Metabolic Alterations and Distinguished Metabolites of Seven Chronic Metabolic Diseases. J Proteome Res 2024. [PMID: 38407022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The co-occurrence of multiple chronic metabolic diseases is highly prevalent, posing a huge health threat. Clarifying the metabolic associations between them, as well as identifying metabolites which allow discrimination between diseases, will provide new biological insights into their co-occurrence. Herein, we utilized targeted serum metabolomics and lipidomics covering over 700 metabolites to characterize metabolic alterations and associations related to seven chronic metabolic diseases (obesity, hypertension, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, fatty liver) from 1626 participants. We identified 454 metabolites were shared among at least two chronic metabolic diseases, accounting for 73.3% of all 619 significant metabolite-disease associations. We found amino acids, lactic acid, 2-hydroxybutyric acid, triacylglycerols (TGs), and diacylglycerols (DGs) showed connectivity across multiple chronic metabolic diseases. Many carnitines were specifically associated with hyperuricemia. The hypercholesterolemia group showed obvious lipid metabolism disorder. Using logistic regression models, we further identified distinguished metabolites of seven chronic metabolic diseases, which exhibited satisfactory area under curve (AUC) values ranging from 0.848 to 1 in discovery and validation sets. Overall, quantitative metabolome and lipidome data sets revealed widespread and interconnected metabolic disorders among seven chronic metabolic diseases. The distinguished metabolites are useful for diagnosing chronic metabolic diseases and provide a reference value for further clinical intervention and management based on metabolomics strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of the Health Checkup Center, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wangjie Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xueni Jia
- Department of the Health Checkup Center, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xin Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xinjie Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Guowang Xu
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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Vinci P, Fiotti N, Panizon E, Tosoni LM, Cerrato C, Pellicori F, Pirulli A, Altamura N, Schincariol P, Di Girolamo FG, Biolo G. Epidemiology of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in polygenic hypercholesterolemia with or without high lipoprotein(a) levels. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 10:1272288. [PMID: 38322275 PMCID: PMC10845343 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1272288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Epidemiology of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease might be different in patients with polygenic hypercholesterolemia plus high levels (≥30 mg/dl) of Lp(a) (H-Lpa) than in those with polygenic hypercholesterolemia alone (H-LDL). We compared the incidence of peripheral artery disease (PAD), coronary artery disease (CAD), and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) in patients with H-Lpa and in those with H-LDL. Methods Retrospective analysis of demographics, risk factors, vascular events, therapy, and lipid profile in outpatient clinical data. Inclusion criteria was adult age, diagnosis of polygenic hypercholesterolemia, and both indication and availability for Lp(a) measurement. Results Medical records of 258 patients with H-Lpa and 290 H-LDL were reviewed for occurrence of vascular events. The median duration of follow-up was 10 years (IQR 3-16). In spite of a similar reduction of LDL cholesterol, vascular events occurred more frequently, and approximately 7 years earlier (P = 0.024) in patients with H-Lpa than in H-LDL (HR 1.96 1.21-3.17, P = 0.006). The difference was around 10 years for acute events (TIA, Stroke, acute coronary events) and one year for chronic ones (P = 0.023 and 0.525, respectively). Occurrence of acute CAD was higher in H-Lpa men (HR 3.1, 95% CI 1.2-7.9, P = 0.007) while, among women, PAD was observed exclusively in H-Lpa subjects with smoking habits (P = 0.009). Conclusions Patients with high Lp(a) levels suffer from a larger and earlier burden of the disease compared to those with polygenic hypercholesterolemia alone. These patients are at higher risk of CAD if they are men, and of PAD if they are women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierandrea Vinci
- U.C.O. Clinica Medica, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste and ASUGI, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicola Fiotti
- U.C.O. Clinica Medica, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste and ASUGI, Trieste, Italy
| | - Emiliano Panizon
- U.C.O. Clinica Medica, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste and ASUGI, Trieste, Italy
| | - Letizia Maria Tosoni
- U.C.O. Clinica Medica, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste and ASUGI, Trieste, Italy
| | - Carla Cerrato
- U.C.O. Clinica Medica, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste and ASUGI, Trieste, Italy
| | - Federica Pellicori
- U.C.O. Clinica Medica, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste and ASUGI, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessia Pirulli
- U.C.O. Clinica Medica, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste and ASUGI, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicola Altamura
- U.C.O. Clinica Medica, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste and ASUGI, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Schincariol
- Hospital Pharmacy, Cattinara Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Trieste, Italy
| | - Filippo Giorgio Di Girolamo
- U.C.O. Clinica Medica, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste and ASUGI, Trieste, Italy
- Hospital Pharmacy, Cattinara Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianni Biolo
- U.C.O. Clinica Medica, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste and ASUGI, Trieste, Italy
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Nugroho NT, Herten M, Torsello GF, Osada N, Marchiori E, Sielker S, Torsello GB. Association of Genetic Polymorphisms with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in the Processes of Apoptosis, Inflammation, and Cholesterol Metabolism. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1844. [PMID: 37893562 PMCID: PMC10608078 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study aims to identify the minor allele of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) DAB2IP rs7025486, IL6R rs2228145, CDKN2BAS rs10757278, LPA rs3798220, LRP1 rs1466535, and SORT1 rs599839 in order to assess the risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation and define the linkage among these SNPs. Materials and Methods: A case-control study with AAA patients (AAA group) and non-AAA controls (control group) was carried out in a study population. DNA was isolated from whole blood samples; the SNPs were amplified using PCR and sequenced. Results: In the AAA group of 148 patients, 87.2% of the patients were male, 64.2% had a history of smoking, and 18.2% had relatives with AAA. The mean ± SD of age, BMI, and aneurysmal diameter in the AAA group were 74.8 ± 8.3 years, 27.6 ± 4.6 kg/m2, and 56.2 ± 11.8 mm, respectively. In comparison with 50 non-AAA patients, there was a significantly elevated presence of the SNPs DAB2IP rs7025486[A], CDKN2BAS rs10757278[G], and SORT1 rs599839[G] in the AAA group (p-values 0.040, 0.024, 0.035, respectively), while LPA rs3798220[C] was significantly higher in the control group (p = 0.049). A haplotype investigation showed that the SNPs DAB2IP, CDKN2BAS, and IL6R rs2228145[C] were significantly elevated in the AAA group (p = 0.037, 0.037, and 0.046) with minor allele frequencies (MAF) of 25.5%, 10.6%, and 15.4%, respectively. Only DAB2IP and CDKN2BAS showed significantly higher occurrences of a mutation (p = 0.028 and 0.047). Except for LPA, all SNPs were associated with a large aortic diameter in AAA (p < 0.001). Linkage disequilibrium detection showed that LPA to DAB2IP, to IL6R, to CDKN2BAS, and to LRP1 rs1466535[T] had D' values of 70.9%, 80.4%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. IL6R to LRP1 and to SORT1 had values for the coefficient of determination (r2) of 3.9% and 2.2%, respectively. Conclusions: In the investigated study population, the SNPs CDKN2BAS rs10757278, LPA rs3798220, SORT1 rs599839, DAB2IP rs7025486, and IL6R rs2228145 were associated with the development of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Individuals with risk factors for atherosclerosis and/or a family history of AAA should be evaluated using genetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyityasmono Tri Nugroho
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Vascular and Endovascular Division, Department of Surgery, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Monika Herten
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | | | - Nani Osada
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Elena Marchiori
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sonja Sielker
- Research Unit Vascular Biology of Oral Structures (VABOS), Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Giovanni B. Torsello
- Institute for Vascular Research, St. Franziskus Hospital, 48145 Münster, Germany;
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Shi S, Zhong VW. Genetic susceptibility modifies the association between egg consumption and coronary artery disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:735-736. [PMID: 37793740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shuxiao Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Victor W Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Tandirerung FJ. Does Genotype Affect the Efficacy of PCSK9 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Familial Hypercholesterolemia? Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023:10.1007/s10557-023-07505-5. [PMID: 37610687 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-023-07505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review discusses whether patients' genotype affects the efficacy of PCSK9 inhibitors in treating familial hypercholesterolemia and how this might influence clinical management. RECENT FINDINGS Currently, available evidence consistently demonstrates and is in good agreement that, in general, the LDL-C-lowering effect of PCSK9 inhibitors is similar across genotypes, except for compound heterozygous and homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). However, it remains to be seen whether the comparable therapeutic effect in lowering LDL-C level also leads to a comparable degree of cardiovascular risk reduction with different genotypes. Generally, the level of LDL-C reduction following PCSK9 inhibitor treatment is similar within different genotypes. Hence, genotype is a less reliable predictor for further LDL-C level reduction on PCSK9 inhibitor therapy, and attention should be given to other external influences, especially for heterozygous FH.
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Butnariu LI, Gorduza EV, Țarcă E, Pânzaru MC, Popa S, Stoleriu S, Lupu VV, Lupu A, Cojocaru E, Trandafir LM, Moisă ȘM, Florea A, Stătescu L, Bădescu MC. Current Data and New Insights into the Genetic Factors of Atherogenic Dyslipidemia Associated with Metabolic Syndrome. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2348. [PMID: 37510094 PMCID: PMC10378477 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13142348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherogenic dyslipidemia plays a critical role in the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS), being one of its major components, along with central obesity, insulin resistance, and hypertension. In recent years, the development of molecular genetics techniques and extended analysis at the genome or exome level has led to important progress in the identification of genetic factors (heritability) involved in lipid metabolism disorders associated with MetS. In this review, we have proposed to present the current knowledge related to the genetic etiology of atherogenic dyslipidemia, but also possible challenges for future studies. Data from the literature provided by candidate gene-based association studies or extended studies, such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and whole exome sequencing (WES,) have revealed that atherogenic dyslipidemia presents a marked genetic heterogeneity (monogenic or complex, multifactorial). Despite sustained efforts, many of the genetic factors still remain unidentified (missing heritability). In the future, the identification of new genes and the molecular mechanisms by which they intervene in lipid disorders will allow the development of innovative therapies that act on specific targets. In addition, the use of polygenic risk scores (PRS) or specific biomarkers to identify individuals at increased risk of atherogenic dyslipidemia and/or other components of MetS will allow effective preventive measures and personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lăcramioara Ionela Butnariu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Eusebiu Vlad Gorduza
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena Țarcă
- Department of Surgery II-Pediatric Surgery, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Monica-Cristina Pânzaru
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Setalia Popa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Simona Stoleriu
- Odontology-Periodontology, Fixed Prosthesis Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Vasile Valeriu Lupu
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ancuta Lupu
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena Cojocaru
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Laura Mihaela Trandafir
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ștefana Maria Moisă
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andreea Florea
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Laura Stătescu
- Medical III Department, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Minerva Codruța Bădescu
- III Internal Medicine Clinic, "St. Spiridon" County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 1 Independence Boulevard, 700111 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Shaik NA, Al-Shehri N, Athar M, Awan A, Khalili M, Al Mahadi HB, Hejazy G, Saadah OI, Al-Harthi SE, Elango R, Banaganapalli B, Alefishat E, Awan Z. Protein structural insights into a rare PCSK9 gain-of-function variant (R496W) causing familial hypercholesterolemia in a Saudi family: whole exome sequencing and computational analysis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1204018. [PMID: 37469559 PMCID: PMC10353052 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1204018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a globally underdiagnosed genetic condition associated with premature cardiovascular death. The genetic etiology data on Arab FH patients is scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the genetic basis of FH in a Saudi family using whole exome sequencing (WES) and multidimensional bioinformatic analysis. Our WES findings revealed a rare heterozygous gain-of-function variant (R496W) in the exon 9 of the PCSK9 gene as a causal factor for FH in this family. This variant was absent in healthy relatives of the proband and 200 healthy normolipidemic controls from Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, this variant has not been previously reported in various regional and global population genomic variant databases. Interestingly, this variant is classified as "likely pathogenic" (PP5) based on the variant interpretation guidelines of the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG). Computational functional characterization suggested that this variant could destabilize the native PCSK9 protein and alter its secondary and tertiary structural features. In addition, this variant was predicted to negatively influence its ligand-binding ability with LDLR and Alirocumab antibody molecules. This rare PCSK9 (R496W) variant is likely to expand our understanding of the genetic basis of FH in Saudi Arabia. This study also provides computational structural insights into the genotype-protein phenotype relationship of PCSK9 pathogenic variants and contributes to the development of personalized medicine for FH patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Ahmad Shaik
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Princess Al-Jawhara Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najla Al-Shehri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Science and Technology Unit, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Awan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariam Khalili
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Gehan Hejazy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar I. Saadah
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer Eida Al-Harthi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramu Elango
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Princess Al-Jawhara Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Babajan Banaganapalli
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Princess Al-Jawhara Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Alefishat
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zuhier Awan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Kim M, Huda MN, Evans LW, Que E, Gertz ER, Maeda-Smithies N, Bennett BJ. Integrative analysis of hepatic transcriptional profiles reveals genetic regulation of atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic Diversity Outbred-F1 mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9475. [PMID: 37301941 PMCID: PMC10257719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35917-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherogenesis is an insipidus but precipitating process leading to serious consequences of many cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Numerous genetic loci contributing to atherosclerosis have been identified in human genome-wide association studies, but these studies have limitations in the ability to control environmental factors and to decipher cause/effect relationships. To assess the power of hyperlipidemic Diversity Outbred (DO) mice in facilitating quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of complex traits, we generated a high-resolution genetic panel of atherosclerosis susceptible (DO-F1) mouse cohort by crossing 200 DO females with C57BL/6J males carrying two human genes: encoding apolipoprotein E3-Leiden and cholesterol ester transfer protein. We examined atherosclerotic traits including plasma lipids and glucose in the 235 female and 226 male progeny before and after 16 weeks of a high-fat/cholesterol diet, and aortic plaque size at 24 weeks. We also assessed the liver transcriptome using RNA-sequencing. Our QTL mapping for atherosclerotic traits identified one previously reported female-specific QTL on Chr10 with a narrower interval of 22.73 to 30.80 Mb, and one novel male-specific QTL at 31.89 to 40.25 Mb on Chr19. Liver transcription levels of several genes within each QTL were highly correlated with the atherogenic traits. A majority of these candidates have already known atherogenic potential in humans and/or mice, but integrative QTL, eQTL, and correlation analyses further pointed Ptprk as a major candidate of the Chr10 QTL, while Pten and Cyp2c67 of the Chr19 QTL in our DO-F1 cohort. Finally, through additional analyses of RNA-seq data we identified genetic regulation of hepatic transcription factors, including Nr1h3, contributes to atherogenesis in this cohort. Thus, an integrative approach using DO-F1 mice effectively validates the influence of genetic factors on atherosclerosis in DO mice and suggests an opportunity to discover therapeutics in the setting of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myungsuk Kim
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon-Do, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - M Nazmul Huda
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Levi W Evans
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Excel Que
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Erik R Gertz
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nobuyo Maeda-Smithies
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Brian J Bennett
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Davis, CA, USA.
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12
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Chalwe JM, Grobler C, Oldewage-Theron W. Development of a Structural Equation Model to Examine the Relationships between Genetic Polymorphisms and Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112470. [PMID: 37299433 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have been used to discover genetic polymorphisms that affect cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Structural equation modelling (SEM) has been identified as a robust multivariate analysis tool. However, there is a paucity of research that has conducted SEM in African populations. The purpose of this study was to create a model that may be used to examine the relationships between genetic polymorphisms and their respective cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors. The procedure involved three steps. Firstly, the creation of latent variables and the hypothesis model. Next, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine the relationships between the latent variables, SNPs, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome, with their respective indicators. Then finally, model fitting using JASP statistical software v.0.16.4.0. The indicators for the SNPs and dyslipidemia all indicated significant factor loadings, -0.96 to 0.91 (p = <0.001) and 0.92 to 0.96 (p ≤ 0.001), respectively. The indicators for metabolic syndrome also had significant coefficients of 0.20 (p = 0.673), 0.36 (p = 0.645) and 0.15 (p = 0.576), but they were not statistically significant. There were no significant relationships observed between the SNPs, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome. The SEM produced an acceptable model according to the fit indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Musonda Chalwe
- Department of Health Sciences, Vaal University of Technology, Private Bag X021, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa
| | - Christa Grobler
- Department of Health Sciences, Vaal University of Technology, Private Bag X021, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa
| | - Wilna Oldewage-Theron
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University (TTU), Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Department of Sustainable Food Systems & Development, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
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13
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Wang ZP, Wu YJ, Gao Y, Qian J, Liu LT, Guo YL, Li JJ, Chen KJ. Different clinical phenotypes of a pair of siblings with familial hypercholesterolemia: a case report and literature review. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:227. [PMID: 37127585 PMCID: PMC10150518 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03237-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) leads to high plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and early cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We treated a pair of siblings with FH. The cardiovascular manifestations in the proband were more severe than those in his elder sister, although they had almost similar LDL-C levels, ages, and lifestyles. Herein, we report the cases of this family to explore the possible causes of clinical phenotypic differences within the same genetic background. CASE PRESENTATION We treated a 27-year-old male patient and his 30-year-old sister, both with FH. The coronary angiogram in the male patient revealed 80, 70, and 100% stenosis of the initial, distal right coronary artery branch, and left anterior descending branch, respectively, whereas his sister had almost no coronary stenosis. We treated them accordingly and performed family screening. We found that the LDL-C/particle discordance of the proband is much greater than that of his elder sister. In addition, the average size of LDL-C particle in the proband was smaller than that in his sister. CONCLUSIONS Patients with FH have a much higher risk of premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, but the clinical manifestations are heterogeneous. The smaller LDL particle size may be the underlying cause for different clinical outcomes in this pair of FH cases and be a potential novel indicator for predicting the prognosis of FH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Ping Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Ya-Jie Wu
- Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jie Qian
- Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Long-Tao Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yuan-Lin Guo
- Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Ke-Ji Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
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14
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Takenaka A, Suzuki J, Tanaka H, Hibino K, Kamanaka Y, Nakamura S, Mitsunaga F, Kawamoto Y, Morimoto M, Aisu S, Natsume T. Hypercholesterolemia induced by spontaneous oligogenic mutations in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). J Med Primatol 2023. [PMID: 37186395 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A rhesus macaque with the fourth highest plasma cholesterol (CH) levels of 501 breeding macaques was identified 22 years ago. Seven offspring with gene mutations causing hypercholesterolemia were obtained. METHODS Activity of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), plasma CH levels and mRNA expression levels of LDLR were measured after administration of 0.1% (0.27 mg/kcal) or 0.3% CH. RESULTS Activity of p. (Cys82Tyr) of LDLR was 71% and 42% in the heterozygotes and a homozygote, respectively. The mRNA expression level of LDLR in the p. (Val241Ile) of membrane-bound transcription factor protease, site 2 (MBTPS2, S2P protein) was 0.83 times lower than normal levels. LDLR mRNA levels were increased for up to 4 weeks by administration of 0.3% CH before suddenly decreasing to 80% of the baseline levels after 6 weeks. CONCLUSION Oligogenic mutations of p. (Cys82Tyr) in LDLR and p. (Val241Ile) in MBTPS2 (S2P) caused hypercholesterolemia exceeding cardiovascular risk levels under a 0.1% CH diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Takenaka
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Human Life, Nagoya Bunri University, Inazawa, Japan
| | - Juri Suzuki
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
| | - Kumiko Hibino
- Department Food and Nutrition, College of Nagoya Bunri University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Kamanaka
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
| | - Shin Nakamura
- NPO Primate Agora, Biomedical Institute, Gifu, Japan
| | | | - Yoshi Kawamoto
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
| | - Mayumi Morimoto
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
| | - Seitaro Aisu
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Natsume
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
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15
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Histological and transcriptomic analysis of muscular atrophy associated with depleted flesh pigmentation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) exposed to elevated seawater temperatures. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4218. [PMID: 36918611 PMCID: PMC10015013 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31242-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tasmania is experiencing increasing seawater temperatures during the summer period which often leads to thermal stress-induced starvation events in farmed Atlantic salmon, with consequent flesh pigment depletion. Our previous transcriptomic studies found a link between flesh pigmentation and the expression of genes regulating lipid metabolism accompanied by feeding behavior in the hindgut. However, the impact of prolonged exposure to elevated water temperature on muscle structural integrity and molecular mechanisms in muscle underlying pigment variation has not been elucidated to date. In this study, we investigated the effect of prolonged exposure to elevated water temperature on the farmed salmon flesh pigmentation and structural integrity, using muscle histological and transcriptomic analysis. On April 2019, after the end of the summer, two muscle regions of the fish fillet, front dorsal and back central (usually the most and least affected by depletion, respectively), were sampled from fifteen fish (weighing approximately 2 kg and belonging to the same commercial population split in two cages). The fish represented three flesh color intensity groups (n = 5 fish per group) categorized according to general level of pigmentation and presence of banding (i.e. difference in color between the two regions of interest) as follows: high red color-no banding (HN), high red color-banded (HB) and Pale fish. Histological analysis showed a distinction between the flesh color intensity phenotypes in both muscle regions. Muscle fibers in the HB fish were partly degraded, while they were atrophied and smaller in size in Pale fish compared to HN fish. In the Pale fish, interstitial spaces between muscle fibers were also enlarged. Transcriptomic analysis showed that in the front dorsal region of the HN fish, genes encoding collagens, calcium ion binding and metabolic processes were upregulated while genes related to lipid and fatty acid metabolism were downregulated when compared to HB fish. When comparing the back central region of the three phenotypes, actin alpha skeletal muscle and myosin genes were upregulated in the HN and HB fish, while tropomyosin genes were upregulated in the Pale fish. Also, genes encoding heat shock proteins were upregulated in the HN fish, while genes involving lipid metabolism and proteolysis were upregulated in the Pale fish. Starvation, likely caused by thermal stress during prolonged periods of elevated summer water temperatures, negatively affects energy metabolism to different extents, leading to localized or almost complete flesh color depletion in farmed Atlantic salmon. Based on our results, we conclude that thermal stress is responsible not only for flesh discoloration but also for loss of muscle integrity, which likely plays a key role in pigment depletion.
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16
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Li X, Zhao F, Fu C, Yang Y, Xu Q, Hao Y, Shi X, Chen D, Bi X, Gong Z, Wu S, Zhang H. Early- and whole-life exposures to florfenicol disrupts lipid metabolism and induces obesogenic effects in zebrafish (Danio rerio). CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136429. [PMID: 36115475 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Florfenicol (FF), a widely used veterinary antibiotic, has been frequently detected in both aquatic environments and human body fluids. As a result, there is a growing concern on its health risks. Previous studies have revealed various toxicities of FF on animals, while there are relatively limited researches on its metabolic toxicity. Herein, by employing zebrafish as an in vivo model, endpoints at multiple levels of biological organization were measured to investigate the metabolic toxicity, especially disturbances on lipid metabolism, of this emerging pollutant. Our results indicated that early-life exposure (from 2 h past fertilization (hpf) to 15 days past fertilization (dpf)) to FF significantly increased body mass index (BMI) values, staining areas of visceral lipids, and triacylglycerol (TAG) and total cholesterol (TC) contents of larvae. Further, by analyzing expression patterns of genes encoding key proteins regulating lipid metabolism, our data suggested that promoted intestinal absorption and hepatic de novo synthesis of lipids, suppressed TAG decomposition, and inhibited FFA oxidation all contributed to TAG accumulation in larvae. Following whole-life exposure (from 2 hpf to 120 dpf), BMI values, TAG and TC contents all increased significantly in males, and significant increases of hepatic TAG levels were also observed in females. Moreover, FF exposure interfered with lipid homeostasis of males and females in a gender-specific pattern. Our study revealed the obesogenic effects of FF at environmentally relevant concentrations (1, 10, and 100 μg/L) and therefore will benefit assessment of its health risks. Additionally, our results showed that FF exposure caused a more pronounced obesogenic effect in zebrafish larvae than adults, as suggested by significant increases of all endpoints at individual, tissular, and molecular levels in larvae. Therefore, our study also advances the application of zebrafish larval model in assessing metabolic toxicity of chemicals, due to the higher susceptibility of larvae than adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Fei Zhao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, PR China.
| | - Chen Fu
- Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610072, PR China
| | - Yanyu Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Qianru Xu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Yinfei Hao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Xueqing Shi
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Dong Chen
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Xuejun Bi
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Zhilin Gong
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Shujian Wu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, PR China
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17
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Torres-Valadez R, Roman S, Ojeda-Granados C, Gonzalez-Aldaco K, Panduro A. Differential distribution of gene polymorphisms associated with hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypoalphalipoproteinemia among Native American and Mestizo Mexicans. World J Hepatol 2022; 14:1408-1420. [PMID: 36158920 PMCID: PMC9376766 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i7.1408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemias are metabolic abnormalities associated with chronic diseases caused by genetic and environmental factors. The Mexican population displays regional differences according to ethnicity with an impact on the type of dyslipidemia.
AIM To define the main dyslipidemias, the frequency of lipid-related risk alleles, and their association with hyperlipidemic states among different ethnic groups in West Mexico.
METHODS In a retrospective study, 1324 adults were selected to compare dyslipidemias and lipid-related gene polymorphisms. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected. A subgroup of 196 normal weight subjects without impaired glucose was selected for the association analyses. Genotyping was determined by allelic discrimination assay.
RESULTS Hypercholesterolemia was the most prevalent dyslipidemia (42.3%). The frequency of the risk alleles associated with hypoalphalipoproteinemia (ABCA1) and hypercholesterolemia (APOE, LDLR) was higher in the Native Americans (P = 0.047). In contrast, the Mestizos with European ancestry showed a higher frequency of the risk alleles for hypertriglyceridemia (APOE2, MTTP) (P = 0.045). In normal weight Mestizo subjects, the APOB TT and LDLR GG genotypes were associated risk factors for hypercholesterolemia (OR = 5.33, 95%CI: 1.537-18.502, P = 0.008 and OR = 3.90, 95%CI: 1.042-14.583, P = 0.043, respectively), and displayed an increase in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (APOB: β = 40.39, 95%CI: 14.415-66.366, P = 0.004; LDLR: β = 20.77, 95%CI: 5.763-35.784, P = 0.007).
CONCLUSION Gene polymorphisms and dyslipidemias showed a differential distribution. Regional primary health care strategies are required to mitigate their prevalence considering the genetic and environmental features which could have important implications for personalized medicine within the new era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Torres-Valadez
- Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde/Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44280, Mexico
- Unidad Especializada en Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Medicina Genómica Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Unidad Académica de Salud Integral, Tepic, Nayarit 63173, Mexico
| | - Sonia Roman
- Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde/Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44280, Mexico
| | - Claudia Ojeda-Granados
- Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde/Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44280, Mexico
| | - Karina Gonzalez-Aldaco
- Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde/Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44280, Mexico
| | - Arturo Panduro
- Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde/Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44280, Mexico
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18
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Diboun I, Al-Sarraj Y, Toor SM, Mohammed S, Qureshi N, Al Hail MSH, Jayyousi A, Al Suwaidi J, Albagha OME. The Prevalence and Genetic Spectrum of Familial Hypercholesterolemia in Qatar Based on Whole Genome Sequencing of 14,000 Subjects. Front Genet 2022; 13:927504. [PMID: 35910211 PMCID: PMC9337875 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.927504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an inherited disease characterized by reduced efficiency of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) removal from the blood and, consequently, an increased risk of life-threatening early cardiovascular complications. In Qatar, the prevalence of FH has not been determined and the disease, as in many countries, is largely underdiagnosed. In this study, we combined whole-genome sequencing data from the Qatar Genome Program with deep phenotype data from Qatar Biobank for 14,056 subjects to determine the genetic spectrum and estimate the prevalence of FH in Qatar. We used the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network (DLCN) as a diagnostic tool and scrutinized 11 FH-related genes for known pathogenic and possibly pathogenic mutations. Results revealed an estimated prevalence of 0.8% (1:125) for definite/probable cases of FH in the Qatari population. We detected 16 known pathogenic/likely pathogenic mutations in LDLR and one in PCSK9; all in a heterozygous state with high penetrance. The most common mutation was rs1064793799 (c.313+3A >C) followed by rs771019366 (p.Asp90Gly); both in LDLR. In addition, we identified 18 highly penetrant possibly pathogenic variants, of which 5 were Qatari-specific, in LDLR, APOB, PCSK9 and APOE, which are predicted to be among the top 1% most deleterious mutations in the human genome but further validations are required to confirm their pathogenicity. We did not detect any homozygous FH or autosomal recessive mutations in our study cohort. This pioneering study provides a reliable estimate of FH prevalence in Qatar based on a significantly large population-based cohort, whilst uncovering the spectrum of genetic variants associated with FH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilhame Diboun
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
- Medical and Population Genomics Lab, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yasser Al-Sarraj
- Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Salman M. Toor
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Shaban Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacy, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nadeem Qureshi
- Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Amin Jayyousi
- Department of Diabetes, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Jassim Al Suwaidi
- Adult Cardiology, Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Omar M. E. Albagha
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Omar M. E. Albagha,
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Cai X, Liang N, Cai X, Zhou Q, Dang Q, Hu Z, Yu H. Lipid Metabolic Genes and Maternal Supraphysiological Hypercholesterolemia: An Analysis of Maternal-fetal Interaction. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e3134-e3144. [PMID: 35575245 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The joint associations of maternal and fetal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of lipid metabolic genes with the risk of maternal supraphysiological hypercholesterolemia (MSPH) are unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the associations of maternal/fetal SNPs of APOE, LPL, LDLR, PCSK9, and SCARB1 with the risk of MSPH and explore whether the maternal-fetal pairing pattern of the risk alleles can affect MSPH risk. METHODS A nested case-control study was conducted that included 182 pregnant women with MSPH and 182 with maternal physiological hypercholesterolemia. Maternal venous and umbilical venous blood were collected to detect the SNPs of genes. The primary outcome was MSPH. Logistic regression model was used to determine the associations of SNPs with risk of MSPH. RESULTS The C-allele in maternal APOE rs429358 T > C (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.72, P = 0.033), G-allele in fetal APOE rs440446 C > G (adjusted OR = 1.62, P = 0.012) and T-allele in fetal LPL rs263 C > T (adjusted OR = 1.53, P = 0.011) increased the risk of MSPH. The A-allele in maternal LDLR rs7258950 G > A decreased the risk of MSPH (adjusted OR = 0.67, P = 0.028). For maternal-fetal pairing analysis, the variant concordance of PCSK9 rs2149041, rs7523141, rs7523242, rs7525649, and LDLR rs7258950 were associated with the decreased risk of MSPH under the dominant model. The variant concordance of other SNPs of PCSK9, APOE, LDLR, LPL, and SCARB1 were associated with the increased risk of MSPH. CONCLUSION This study supports the hypothesis that maternal and fetal genetic polymorphisms of lipid metabolic genes are associated with the risk of MSPH. The maternal-fetal variant concordance is also associated with this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxia Cai
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Ning Liang
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Beijing 100080, P. R. China
| | - Xueping Cai
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Qinyu Dang
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Hu
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Huanling Yu
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
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20
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A sequence-based global map of regulatory activity for deciphering human genetics. Nat Genet 2022; 54:940-949. [PMID: 35817977 PMCID: PMC9279145 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01102-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epigenomic profiling has enabled large-scale identification of regulatory elements, yet we still lack a systematic mapping from any sequence or variant to regulatory activities. We address this challenge with Sei, a framework for integrating human genetics data with sequence information to discover the regulatory basis of traits and diseases. Sei learns a vocabulary of regulatory activities, called sequence classes, using a deep learning model that predicts 21,907 chromatin profiles across >1,300 cell lines and tissues. Sequence classes provide a global classification and quantification of sequence and variant effects based on diverse regulatory activities, such as cell type-specific enhancer functions. These predictions are supported by tissue-specific expression, expression quantitative trait loci and evolutionary constraint data. Furthermore, sequence classes enable characterization of the tissue-specific, regulatory architecture of complex traits and generate mechanistic hypotheses for individual regulatory pathogenic mutations. We provide Sei as a resource to elucidate the regulatory basis of human health and disease. Sei is a new framework for integrating human genetics data with a sequence-based mapping of predicted regulatory activities to elucidate mechanisms contributing to complex traits and diseases.
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21
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Li ZF, Wu NQ. The Progression of Treatment for Refractory Hypercholesterolemia: Focus on the Prospect of Gene Therapy. Front Genet 2022; 13:911429. [PMID: 35754818 PMCID: PMC9218664 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.911429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Refractory hypercholesterolemia (RH), including homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) and compound heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, is characterized by high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) despite existing cholesterol-lowering methods at maximal tolerable doses. Patients with RH have early onset and higher risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) under insufficient treatment. Therefore, it is urgent to seek new therapies to maintain the blood lipids in refractory hyperlipidemia at normal levels. Currently, new cholesterol-lowering strategies are on the market, not only at the protein level [i.e., bempedoic acid (inhibiting ATP-citrate lyase), alirocumab and evolocumab (monoclonal antibodies against PCSK9), evinacumab (monoclonal antibody against ANGPTL3)] but also at the transcript level [i.e., mipomersen (antisense oligonucleotide inhibiting ApoB), inclisiran (siRNA targeting PCSK9)], providing more options for RH patients to achieve their lipid-lowering targets. More RNA-based therapies targeting RH-related genes have been designed for the treatment. However, for a proportion of patients, especially those with LDLR deficiency, the available treatments are still insufficient. More recently, emerging genome engineering based on CRISPR/Cas9 techniques, and advanced delivery technologies such as lentiviral vectors, adenoviral vectors, adeno-associated viral vectors, lipid nanoparticles, and exosomes are being rapidly developed and implemented as novel therapies for RH. Gene therapy targeting RH-related genes has been successfully conducted in cells, mice, and non-human primates with high efficacy in lipid lowering and good tolerability. Especially the new generation of genome editing technique, base editing, performed in vivo with ideal lipid-lowering effect and limited occurrence of unwanted results. Excitingly, a phase I/II clinical study of LDLR gene replacement has been recently completed in RH patients, likely to be employed in clinical practice in the future. Furthermore, new targets for cholesterol reduction such as REV-ERB, G protein-coupled receptor, Ubiquitin specific peptidase 20 are continually being developed. This narrative review updates recent advances in treatment for RH, summarizes related clinical trials and preclinical studies, especially on the prospect of gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Fan Li
- Cardiometabolic Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Na-Qiong Wu
- Cardiometabolic Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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22
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Kumar H, Bhardwaj K, Cruz-Martins N, Sharma R, Siddiqui SA, Dhanjal DS, Singh R, Chopra C, Dantas A, Verma R, Dosoky NS, Kumar D. Phyto-Enrichment of Yogurt to Control Hypercholesterolemia: A Functional Approach. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113479. [PMID: 35684416 PMCID: PMC9182380 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is essential for normal human health, but elevations in its serum levels have led to the development of various complications, including hypercholesterolemia (HC). Cholesterol accumulation in blood circulation formsplaques on artery walls and worsens the individuals’ health. To overcome this complication, different pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches are employed to reduce elevated blood cholesterol levels. Atorvastatin and rosuvastatin are the most commonly used drugs, but their prolonged use leads to several acute side effects. In recent decades, the potential benefit of ingesting yogurt on lipid profile has attracted the interest of researchers and medical professionals worldwide. This review aims to give an overview of the current knowledge about HC and the different therapeutic approaches. It also discusses the health benefits of yogurt consumption and highlights the overlooked phyto-enrichment option to enhance the yogurt’s quality. Finally, clinical studies using different phyto-enriched yogurts for HC management are also reviewed. Yogurt has a rich nutritional value, but its processing degrades the content of minerals, vitamins, and other vital constituents with beneficial health effects. The option of enriching yogurt with phytoconstituents has drawn a lot of attention. Different pre-clinical and clinical studies have provided new insights on their benefits on gut microbiota and human health. Thus, the yogurtphyto-enrichment with stanol and β-glucan have opened new paths in functional food industries and found healthy andeffective alternatives for HC all along with conventional treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India; (H.K.); (R.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Kanchan Bhardwaj
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India; (K.B.); (R.V.)
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal
- TOXRUN-Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal
- Correspondence: (N.C.-M.); (N.S.D.); (D.K.)
| | - Ruchi Sharma
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India; (H.K.); (R.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), Prof.-von-Klitzing Str. 7, 49610 D-Quakenbrück, Germany;
- Department of Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Schulgasse 22, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India; (D.S.D.); (R.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Reena Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India; (D.S.D.); (R.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Chirag Chopra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India; (D.S.D.); (R.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Adriana Dantas
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India; (H.K.); (R.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Rachna Verma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India; (K.B.); (R.V.)
| | - Noura S. Dosoky
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
- Correspondence: (N.C.-M.); (N.S.D.); (D.K.)
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India; (H.K.); (R.S.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence: (N.C.-M.); (N.S.D.); (D.K.)
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Taghizadeh S, Gholizadeh M, Rahimi-Mianji G, Moradi MH, Costilla R, Moore S, Di Gerlando R. Genome-wide identification of copy number variation and association with fat deposition in thin and fat-tailed sheep breeds. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8834. [PMID: 35614300 PMCID: PMC9132911 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12778-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Copy number variants (CNVs) are a type of genetic polymorphism which contribute to phenotypic variation in several species, including livestock. In this study, we used genomic data of 192 animals from 3 Iranian sheep breeds including 96 Baluchi sheep and 47 Lori-Bakhtiari sheep as fat-tailed breeds and 47 Zel sheep as thin-tailed sheep breed genotyped with Illumina OvineSNP50K Beadchip arrays. Also, for association test, 70 samples of Valle del Belice sheep were added to the association test as thin-tailed sheep breed. PennCNV and CNVRuler software were, respectively, used to study the copy number variation and genomic association analyses. We detected 573 and 242 CNVs in the fat and thin tailed breeds, respectively. In terms of CNV regions (CNVRs), these represented 328 and 187 CNVRs that were within or overlapping with 790 known Ovine genes. The CNVRs covered approximately 73.85 Mb of the sheep genome with average length 146.88 kb, and corresponded to 2.6% of the autosomal genome sequence. Five CNVRs were randomly chosen for validation, of which 4 were experimentally confirmed using Real time qPCR. Functional enrichment analysis showed that genes harbouring CNVs in thin-tailed sheep were involved in the adaptive immune response, regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process and response to starvation. In fat-tailed breeds these genes were involved in cellular protein modification process, regulation of heart rate, intestinal absorption, olfactory receptor activity and ATP binding. Association test identified one copy gained CNVR on chromosomes 6 harbouring two protein-coding genes HGFAC and LRPAP1. Our findings provide information about genomic structural changes and their association to the interested traits including fat deposition and environmental compatibility in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadan Taghizadeh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, P.O. Box - 578, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohsen Gholizadeh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, P.O. Box - 578, Sari, Iran.
| | - Ghodrat Rahimi-Mianji
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, P.O. Box - 578, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Moradi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - Roy Costilla
- Ruakura Research Centre, AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Stephen Moore
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rosalia Di Gerlando
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari E Forestali, Università Degli Studi Di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Kovács B, Cseprekál O, Diószegi Á, Lengyel S, Maroda L, Paragh G, Harangi M, Páll D. The Importance of Arterial Stiffness Assessment in Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11102872. [PMID: 35628997 PMCID: PMC9144855 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are still the leading cause of mortality due to increased atherosclerosis worldwide. In the background of accelerated atherosclerosis, the most important risk factors include hypertension, age, male gender, hereditary predisposition, diabetes, obesity, smoking and lipid metabolism disorder. Arterial stiffness is a firmly established, independent predictor of cardiovascular risk. Patients with familial hypercholesterolemia are at very high cardiovascular risk. Non-invasive measurement of arterial stiffness is suitable for screening vascular dysfunction at subclinical stage in this severe inherited disorder. Some former studies found stiffer arteries in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia compared to healthy controls, while statin treatment has a beneficial effect on it. If conventional drug therapy fails in patients with severe familial hypercholesterolemia, PCSK9 inhibitor therapy should be administered; if these agents are not available, performing selective LDL apheresis could be considered. The impact of recent therapeutic approaches on vascular stiffness is not widely studied yet, even though the degree of accelerated athero and arteriosclerosis correlates with cardiovascular risk. The authors provide an overview of the diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia and the findings of studies on arterial dysfunction in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia, in addition to presenting the latest therapeutic options and their effects on arterial elasticity parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Kovács
- Division of Metabolism, Institute of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.K.); (Á.D.); (S.L.); (G.P.); (D.P.)
| | - Orsolya Cseprekál
- Department of Surgery, Transplantation and Gastroenterology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Ágnes Diószegi
- Division of Metabolism, Institute of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.K.); (Á.D.); (S.L.); (G.P.); (D.P.)
| | - Szabolcs Lengyel
- Division of Metabolism, Institute of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.K.); (Á.D.); (S.L.); (G.P.); (D.P.)
| | - László Maroda
- Department of Medical Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - György Paragh
- Division of Metabolism, Institute of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.K.); (Á.D.); (S.L.); (G.P.); (D.P.)
| | - Mariann Harangi
- Division of Metabolism, Institute of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.K.); (Á.D.); (S.L.); (G.P.); (D.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-52-255-525
| | - Dénes Páll
- Division of Metabolism, Institute of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.K.); (Á.D.); (S.L.); (G.P.); (D.P.)
- Department of Medical Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
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Plasma proteomics reveals crosstalk between lipid metabolism and immunity in dairy cows receiving essential fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5648. [PMID: 35383209 PMCID: PMC8983735 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09437-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential fatty acids (EFA) and conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are unsaturated fatty acids with immune-modulatory effects, yet their synergistic effect is poorly understood in dairy cows. This study aimed at identifying differentially abundant proteins (DAP) and their associated pathways in dairy cows supplied with a combination of EFA and CLA during the transition from antepartum (AP) to early postpartum (PP). Sixteen Holstein cows were abomasally infused with coconut oil as a control (CTRL) or a mixture of EFA (linseed + safflower oil) and CLA (Lutalin, BASF) (EFA + CLA) from − 63 to + 63 days relative to parturition. Label-free quantitative proteomics was performed on plasma samples collected at days − 21, + 1, + 28, and + 63. During the transition time, DAP, consisting of a cluster of apolipoproteins (APO), including APOE, APOH, and APOB, along with a cluster of immune-related proteins, were related to complement and coagulation cascades, inflammatory response, and cholesterol metabolism. In response to EFA + CLA, specific APO comprising APOC3, APOA1, APOA4, and APOC4 were increased in a time-dependent manner; they were linked to triglyceride-enriched lipoprotein metabolisms and immune function. Altogether, these results provide new insights into metabolic and immune adaptation and crosstalk between them in transition dairy cows divergent in EFA + CLA status.
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Sex-specific alterations in hepatic cholesterol metabolism in low birth weight adult guinea pigs. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:1078-1089. [PMID: 34230622 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01491-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight (LBW) have been widely reported as an independent risk factor for adult hypercholesterolaemia and increased hepatic cholesterol in a sex-specific manner. However, the specific impact of uteroplacental insufficiency (UPI), a leading cause of LBW in developed world, on hepatic cholesterol metabolism in later life, is ill defined and is clinically relevant in understanding later life liver metabolic health trajectories. METHODS Hepatic cholesterol, transcriptome, cholesterol homoeostasis regulatory proteins, and antioxidant markers were studied in UPI-induced LBW and normal birth weight (NBW) male and female guinea pigs at 150 days. RESULTS Hepatic free and total cholesterol were increased in LBW versus NBW males. Transcriptome analysis of LBW versus NBW livers revealed that "cholesterol metabolism" was an enriched pathway in LBW males but not in females. Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein and cytochrome P450 7A1 protein, involved in hepatic cholesterol efflux and catabolism, respectively, and catalase activity were decreased in LBW male livers. Superoxide dismutase activity was reduced in LBW males but increased in LBW females. CONCLUSIONS UPI environment is associated with a later life programed hepatic cholesterol accumulation via impaired cholesterol elimination in a sex-specific manner. These programmed alterations could underlie later life cholesterol-induced hepatic lipotoxicity in LBW male offspring. IMPACT Low birth weight (LBW) is a risk factor for increased hepatic cholesterol. Uteroplacental insufficiency (UPI) resulting in LBW increased hepatic cholesterol content, altered hepatic expression of cholesterol metabolism-related genes in young adult guinea pigs. UPI-induced LBW was also associated with markers of a compromised hepatic cholesterol elimination process and failing antioxidant system in young adult guinea pigs. These changes, at the current age studied, were sex-specific, only being observed in LBW males and not in LBW females. These programmed alterations could lead to further hepatic damage and greater predisposition to liver diseases in UPI-induced LBW male offspring as they age.
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Pérez-Beltrán YE, Rivera-Iñiguez I, Gonzalez-Becerra K, Pérez-Naitoh N, Tovar J, Sáyago-Ayerdi SG, Mendivil EJ. Personalized Dietary Recommendations Based on Lipid-Related Genetic Variants: A Systematic Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:830283. [PMID: 35387194 PMCID: PMC8979208 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.830283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and dyslipidemias are risk factors for developing cardiovascular diseases, the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The pathogenesis of these diseases involves environmental factors, such as nutrition, but other aspects like genetic polymorphisms confer susceptibility to developing obesity and dyslipidemias. In this sense, nutrigenetics is being used to study the influence of genetic variations on the circulating lipid responses promoted by certain nutrients or foods to provide specific dietary strategies considering the genetic factors in personalized nutrition interventions. Objective To identify throughout a systematic review the potential nutrigenetic recommendations that demonstrate a strong interaction between gene-diet and circulating lipid variations. Methods This systematic review used the PRISMA-Protocol for manuscript research and preparation using PubMed and ScienceDirect databases. Human studies published in English from January 2010 to December 2020 were included. The main results were outcomes related to gene-diet interactions and plasmatic lipids variation. Results About 1,110 articles were identified, but only 38 were considered to fulfill the inclusion criteria established based on the reported data. The acquired information was organized based on gene-diet interaction with nutrients and components of the diet and dietary recommendation generated by each interaction: gene-diet interaction with dietary fats, carbohydrates or dietary fiber, gene-diet interaction with nutraceutical or dietary supplementation, and gene-diet interaction with proteins. Conclusion Findings included in this systematic review indicated that a certain percentage of dietary macronutrients, the consumption of specific amounts of polyunsaturated or monounsaturated fatty acids, as well as the ingestion of nutraceuticals or dietary supplements could be considered as potential strategies for the development of a wide range of nutrigenetic interventions since they have a direct impact on the blood levels of lipids. In this way, specific recommendations were identified as potential tools in developing precision diets and highlighted the importance of personalized nutrition. These recommendations may serve as a possible strategy to implement as dietary tools for the preventive treatment and control alterations in lipid metabolism. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021248816, identifier [CRD42021248816].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda E. Pérez-Beltrán
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic/Instituto Nacional de México, Tepic, Mexico
| | - Ingrid Rivera-Iñiguez
- Departamento de Reproducción Humana, Crecimiento y Desarrollo Infantil, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Karina Gonzalez-Becerra
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Instituto de Investigación en Genética Molecular, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Naomi Pérez-Naitoh
- Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Ciencias de los Alimentos, Departamento de Psicología, Educación y Salud, ITESO, Universidad Jesuita de Guadalajara, Tlaquepaque, Mexico
- Departamento de Salud, Universidad Iberoamericana (IBERO), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juscelino Tovar
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering, and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sonia G. Sáyago-Ayerdi
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic/Instituto Nacional de México, Tepic, Mexico
| | - Edgar J. Mendivil
- Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Ciencias de los Alimentos, Departamento de Psicología, Educación y Salud, ITESO, Universidad Jesuita de Guadalajara, Tlaquepaque, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Edgar J. Mendivil
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Vaura F, Palmu J, Aittokallio J, Kauko A, Niiranen T. Genetic, Molecular, and Cellular Determinants of Sex-Specific Cardiovascular Traits. Circ Res 2022; 130:611-631. [PMID: 35175841 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite the well-known sex dimorphism in cardiovascular disease traits, the exact genetic, molecular, and cellular underpinnings of these differences are not well understood. A growing body of evidence currently points at the links between cardiovascular disease traits and the genome, epigenome, transcriptome, and metabolome. However, the sex-specific differences in these links remain largely unstudied due to challenges in bioinformatic methods, inadequate statistical power, analytic costs, and paucity of valid experimental models. This review article provides an overview of the literature on sex differences in genetic architecture, heritability, epigenetic changes, transcriptomic signatures, and metabolomic profiles in relation to cardiovascular disease traits. We also review the literature on the associations between sex hormones and cardiovascular disease traits and discuss the potential mechanisms underlying these associations, focusing on human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Vaura
- Department of Internal Medicine (F.V., J.P., A.K., T.N.), University of Turku, Finland
| | - Joonatan Palmu
- Department of Internal Medicine (F.V., J.P., A.K., T.N.), University of Turku, Finland
| | - Jenni Aittokallio
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (J.A.), University of Turku, Finland.,Division of Perioperative Services, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine (J.A.), Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Anni Kauko
- Department of Internal Medicine (F.V., J.P., A.K., T.N.), University of Turku, Finland
| | - Teemu Niiranen
- Department of Internal Medicine (F.V., J.P., A.K., T.N.), University of Turku, Finland.,Division of Medicine (T.N.), Turku University Hospital, Finland.,Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (T.N.)
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In Vitro Antilipidic and Antithrombotic Activities of Plectranthus glandulosus (Lamiaceae) Leaves Extracts and Fractions. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4145659. [PMID: 35178447 PMCID: PMC8844437 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4145659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective The present study investigated the effect of the leaves extracts and fractions of Plectranthus glandulosus on the inhibition of pancreatic lipase, cholesterol esterase, adipocytes lipid uptake, and antithrombotic activity which may be important in atherosclerosis development. Methods Aqueous, ethanolic, and hydroethanolic extracts of Plactranthus glandulosus were prepared by maceration. The hydroethanolic extract was fractionated into n-hexane, ethylacetate, and n-butanol fractions and their inhibition of pancreatic lipase, cholesterol esterase, adipocytes lipid uptake, and antithrombotic activities measured. Liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analysis was carried out to determine phytochemical constituents present in the extracts. Results The standard orlistat exhibited a higher inhibitory activity on pancreatic lipase and cholesterol esterase (16.31 μg/mL and 15.75 μg/mL, respectively) compared to ethyl acetate fraction (IC50, 17.70 μg/mL and IC50, 24.8 μg/mL, respectively). Among crude extract, hydroethanolic extract showed a better inhibition against pancreatic lipase (IC50, 21.06 μg/mL) and cholesterol esterase (IC50, 25.14 μg/mL) though not comparable to the effect of orlistat. The best lipid uptake inhibition was observed in the hydroethanolic extract (IC50, 45.42 μg/mL) followed by the ethyl acetate fraction (IC50, 47.77 μg/mL). A better antithrombolytic activity was exhibited by the ethyl acetate fraction at all concentrations (50-800 μ/mL), while hydroethanolic extract exhibited the best activity among crude extract. However, these were not comparable to the standard aspirin. The LC-HRMS analysis revealed the presence of 7-O-methyl luteolin 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, chrysoeriol 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, 5,7-dihydroxy-3,2′,4′-trimethoxyflavone, and plectranmicin as major compounds in both hydroethanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction. Conclusion Thus, our finding supports the traditional use of this plant, which might provide a potential source for future antiatherosclerotic drug discovery.
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Awan Z, Al-Rayes N, Khan Z, Al Mansouri M, Ibrahim H. Bima A, Almukadi H, Ibrahim Kutbi H, Jayasheela Shetty P, Ahmad Shaik N, Banaganapalli B. Identifying Significant Genes and Functionally Enriched Pathways in Familial Hypercholesterolemia Using Integrated Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:3287-3299. [PMID: 35844366 PMCID: PMC9280244 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a monogenic lipid disorder which promotes atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Owing to the lack of sufficient published information, this study aims to identify the potential genetic biomarkers for FH by studying the global gene expression profile of blood cells. The microarray expression data of FH patients and controls was analyzed by different computational biology methods like differential expression analysis, protein network mapping, hub gene identification, functional enrichment of biological pathways, and immune cell restriction analysis. Our results showed the dysregulated expression of 115 genes connected to lipid homeostasis, immune responses, cell adhesion molecules, canonical Wnt signaling, mucin type O-glycan biosynthesis pathways in FH patients. The findings from expanded protein interaction network construction with known FH genes and subsequent Gene Ontology (GO) annotations have also supported the above findings, in addition to identifying the involvement of dysregulated thyroid hormone and ErbB signaling pathways in FH patients. The genes like CSNK1A1, JAK3, PLCG2, RALA, and ZEB2 were found to be enriched under all GO annotation categories. The subsequent phenotype ontology results have revealed JAK3I, PLCG2, and ZEB2 as key hub genes contributing to the inflammation underlying cardiovascular and immune response related phenotypes. Immune cell restriction findings show that above three genes are highly expressed by T-follicular helper CD4+ T cells, naïve B cells, and monocytes, respectively. These findings not only provide a theoretical basis to understand the role of immune dysregulations underlying the atherosclerosis among FH patients but may also pave the way to develop genomic medicine for cardiovascular diseases.
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Comprehensive Statistical and Bioinformatics Analysis in the Deciphering of Putative Mechanisms by Which Lipid-Associated GWAS Loci Contribute to Coronary Artery Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020259. [PMID: 35203469 PMCID: PMC8868589 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was designed to evaluate putative mechanisms by which lipid-associated loci identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are involved in the molecular pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) using a comprehensive statistical and bioinformatics analysis. A total of 1700 unrelated individuals of Slavic origin from the Central Russia, including 991 CAD patients and 709 healthy controls were examined. Sixteen lipid-associated GWAS loci were selected from European studies and genotyped using the MassArray-4 system. The polymorphisms were associated with plasma lipids such as total cholesterol (rs12328675, rs4846914, rs55730499, and rs838880), LDL-cholesterol (rs3764261, rs55730499, rs1689800, and rs838880), HDL-cholesterol (rs3764261) as well as carotid intima-media thickness/CIMT (rs12328675, rs11220463, and rs1689800). Polymorphisms such as rs4420638 of APOC1 (p = 0.009), rs55730499 of LPA (p = 0.0007), rs3136441 of F2 (p < 0.0001), and rs6065906 of PLTP (p = 0.002) showed significant associations with the risk of CAD, regardless of sex, age, and body mass index. A majority of the observed associations were successfully replicated in large independent cohorts. Bioinformatics analysis allowed establishing (1) phenotype-specific and shared epistatic gene–gene and gene–smoking interactions contributing to all studied cardiovascular phenotypes; (2) lipid-associated GWAS loci might be allele-specific binding sites for transcription factors from gene regulatory networks controlling multifaceted molecular mechanisms of atherosclerosis.
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Huang G, Lu H, Li M, Lv Q, Chen Q. Association of total cholesterol and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in patients with follicular thyroid cancer: A real-world study from Chinese populations. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27310. [PMID: 34596129 PMCID: PMC8483838 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The association between serum total cholesterol (TC) level and incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in patients with follicular thyroid cancer postthyroidectomy is unknown.This was a retrospective study and patients (n = 384) were divided into low and high TC groups according to the median TC level. Incidence of composite ASCVD (myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and cardiovascular death) was compared between these 2 groups and factors contributing to the association of TC and ASCVD were evaluated.Patients in the high TC group were older and more likely to have diabetes and have higher C-reactive protein level. After thyroidectomy, serum levels of free triiodothyronine and free thyroxine were lower while thyroid-stimulating hormone level was higher in the high TC group. 31.6% and 39.7% of patients developed hypothyroidism in the low and high TC groups (P < .05) postthyroidectomy. The incidence rate of composite ASCVD was higher in the high TC versus low TC groups, with incidence rate ratio of 1.69 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-2.69), which was mainly driven by a higher incidence rate of myocardial infarction in the high TC group (incidence rate ratio: 2.11 and 95% CI: 1.10-4.20). In unadjusted model, higher TC was associated with 73% higher risk of composite ASCVD. After adjustment for hypothyroidism, the association of higher TC and composite ASCVD was attenuated into insignificance, with hazard ratio of 0.92 and 95% CI: 0.81 to 1.34.Increased TC level was associated with composite ASCVD, which might be attributed to hypothyroidism postthyroidectomy. The use of levothyroxine might help to prevent hypercholestemia and reduce the incidence of ASCVD.
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Zago VHS, Scherrer DZ, Parra ES, Vieira IC, Marson FAL, de Faria EC. Effects of SNVs in ABCA1, ABCG1, ABCG5, ABCG8, and SCARB1 Genes on Plasma Lipids, Lipoproteins, and Adiposity Markers in a Brazilian Population. Biochem Genet 2021; 60:822-841. [PMID: 34505223 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-021-10131-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Several proteins are involved in cholesterol homeostasis, as scavenger receptor class B type I and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters including ABCA1, ABCG1, ABCG5, and ABCG8. This study aimed to determine the effects of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) rs2275543 (ABCA1), rs1893590 (ABCG1), rs6720173 (ABCG5), rs6544718 (ABCG8), and rs5888 (SCARB1) on plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and adiposity markers in an asymptomatic population and its sex-specific effects. Volunteers (n = 590) were selected and plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and adiposity markers (waist-to-hip and waist-to-height ratios, lipid accumulation product and body adiposity index) were measured. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood cells according to the method adapted from Gross-Bellard. SNVs were detected in the TaqMan® OpenArray® Real-Time polymerase chain reaction platform and data analyses were performed using the TaqMan® Genotyper Software. The rs2275543*C point to an increase of high-density lipoprotein size in females while in males very-low-density lipoprotein, cholesterol, and triglycerides were statistically lower (P value < 0.05). The rs1893590*C was statistically associated with lower apolipoprotein A-I levels and higher activities of paraoxonase-1 and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (P value < 0.05). The rs6720173 was statistically associated with an increase in cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in males; moreover, rs6544718*T reduced adiposity markers in females (P value < 0.05). Regarding the rs5888, a decreased adiposity marker in the total population and in females occurred (P value < 0.05). Multivariate analysis of variance showed that SNVs could influence components of high-density lipoprotein metabolism, mainly through ABCG1 (P value < 0.05). The ABCA1 and ABCG5 variants showed sex-specific effects on lipids and lipoproteins, while SCARB1 and ABCG8 variants might influence adiposity markers in females. Our data indicate a possible role of ABCG1 on HDL metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Helena Souza Zago
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Tessália Vieira de Camargo St, 126, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Daniel Zanetti Scherrer
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Tessália Vieira de Camargo St, 126, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Eliane Soler Parra
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Tessália Vieira de Camargo St, 126, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Isabela Calanca Vieira
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Tessália Vieira de Camargo St, 126, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Fernando Augusto Lima Marson
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Tessália Vieira de Camargo St, 126, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-971, Brazil. .,Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Tessália Vieira de Camargo St, 126, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-971, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics and Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, Post Graduate Program in Health Science, São Francisco University, Avenida São Francisco de Assis, 218, Jardim São José, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, 12916-900, Brazil.
| | - Eliana Cotta de Faria
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Tessália Vieira de Camargo St, 126, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-971, Brazil.
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Genetics of Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia (FCHL) Disorder: An Update. Biochem Genet 2021; 60:453-481. [PMID: 34478023 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-021-10130-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) is one of the most common familial lipoprotein disorders of the lipoproteins, with a prevalence of 0.5% to 2% in different populations. About 10% of these patients suffer from cardiovascular disease and this number is increased by up to 11.3% in the young survivors of myocardial infarction and by 40% among all the survivors of myocardial infarction. Although initially thought to be that FCHL has an inheritance pattern of monogenic, the disease's etiology is still not fully understood and it appears that FCHL has a complex pattern related to genetic variants, environmental factors, and lifestyles. Two strategies have been used to identify its complex genetic background: candidate gene and the linkage approach, which have yielded an extensive list of genes associated with FCHL with a variable degree of scientific evidence. Until now, more than 30 different genetic variants have been identified related to FCHL. In this study, we aimed to review the individual genes that have been described in FCHL and how these genes and variants can be related to the current concept of metabolic pathways resulting in familial combined hyperlipidemia.
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A Western-style diet interacts with genetic variants of the LDL receptor to hyper-LDL cholesterolemia in Korean adults. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:2964-2974. [PMID: 32698935 PMCID: PMC9886520 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020001305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of genetic risk scores (GRS) of LDLR, APOB and proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) SNP and plasma LDL concentrations and to identify lifestyle interactions with the GRS in Korean middle-aged adults. DESIGN Korean genome and epidemiology study (KoGES) was conducted to determine genetic variants and lifestyle factors, including nutrient intakes, in a retrospective hospital-based city cohort conducted by the Korean Center for Disease and Control during 2004-2013. SETTINGS Hospitals in Korea. PARTICIPANTS Adults aged 40-77 years (n 28 445) without serious diseases. RESULTS Subjects with the major alleles (risk allele) of LDLR rs1433099 and rs11557092, APOB rs13306194 and PCSK9 rs11583723 had higher plasma LDL concentration by 1·20-folds than those with the minor alleles. Subjects with High-GRS (major alleles) of the four SNP had higher adjusted OR for plasma total and LDL-cholesterol and TAG concentrations by 1·24-, 1·203- and 1·167-folds, respectively, but not HDL-cholesterol, than those with Low-GRS. Western-style flour-rich dietary patterns, but not balanced Korean-style and rice-based dietary patterns, had interactions with GRS to increase plasma LDL concentrations. Daily energy intake also interacted with GRS. In the high intake of Western-style flour-rich dietary patterns, carriers with High-GRS had much higher plasma LDL concentrations than the Low-GRS. With high energy intake, carriers with High-GRS had much higher plasma LDL concentrations than those with Low-GRS. CONCLUSIONS Adults with major alleles of four SNP are recommended to have low-energy intakes with a balanced Korean diet need to avoid high-energy intakes especially with Western-style flour-rich diet patterns.
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Awan ZA, Rashidi OM, Al-Shehri BA, Jamil K, Elango R, Al-Aama JY, Hegele RA, Banaganapalli B, Shaik NA. Saudi Familial Hypercholesterolemia Patients With Rare LDLR Stop Gain Variant Showed Variable Clinical Phenotype and Resistance to Multiple Drug Regimen. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:694668. [PMID: 34249980 PMCID: PMC8267156 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.694668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), a well-known lipid disease caused by inherited genetic defects in cholesterol uptake and metabolism is underdiagnosed in many countries including Saudi Arabia. The present study aims to identify the molecular basis of severe clinical manifestations of FH patients from unrelated Saudi consanguineous families. Two Saudi families with multiple FH patients fulfilling the combined FH diagnostic criteria of Simon Broome Register, and the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network (DLCN) were recruited. LipidSeq, a targeted resequencing panel for monogenic dyslipidemias, was used to identify causative pathogenic mutation in these two families and in 92 unrelated FH cases. Twelve FH patients from two unrelated families were sharing a very rare, pathogenic and founder LDLR stop gain mutation i.e., c.2027delG (p.Gly676Alafs*33) in both the homozygous or heterozygous states, but not in unrelated patients. Based on the variant zygosity, a marked phenotypic heterogeneity in terms of LDL-C levels, clinical presentations and resistance to anti-lipid treatment regimen (ACE inhibitors, β-blockers, ezetimibe, statins) of the FH patients was observed. This loss-of-function mutation is predicted to alter the free energy dynamics of the transcribed RNA, leading to its instability. Protein structural mapping has predicted that this non-sense mutation eliminates key functional domains in LDLR, which are essential for the receptor recycling and LDL particle binding. In conclusion, by combining genetics and structural bioinformatics approaches, this study identified and characterized a very rare FH causative LDLR pathogenic variant determining both clinical presentation and resistance to anti-lipid drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhier Ahmed Awan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Genetics, Al Borg Medical Laboratories, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omran M Rashidi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Princess Al-Jawhara Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar Ali Al-Shehri
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Princess Al-Jawhara Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kaiser Jamil
- Department of Genetics, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Center (BMMRC), Hyderabad, India
| | - Ramu Elango
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Princess Al-Jawhara Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jumana Y Al-Aama
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Princess Al-Jawhara Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Babajan Banaganapalli
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Princess Al-Jawhara Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor A Shaik
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Princess Al-Jawhara Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Guerra-García MT, Moreno-Macías H, Ochoa-Guzmán A, Ordoñez-Sánchez ML, Rodríguez-Guillen R, Vázquez-Cárdenas P, Ortíz-Ortega VM, Peimbert-Torres M, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Tusié-Luna MT. The -514C>T polymorphism in the LIPC gene modifies type 2 diabetes risk through modulation of HDL-cholesterol levels in Mexicans. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:557-565. [PMID: 32617858 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01346-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Both type 2 diabetes (T2D) and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are very prevalent conditions among Mexicans. Genetic variants in the LIPC gene have been associated with both conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the association of the -514C < T (rs1800588) LIPC gene polymorphism with different metabolic traits, particularly the effects of this polymorphism on HDL-C plasma levels and T2D risk. METHODS Mediation analysis was used to assess the direct and indirect effects of the -514C>T LIPC gene variant on HDL-C levels, T2D risk, and body mass index (BMI), in 2105 Mexican mestizo participants. We also assessed the functional effect of the -514C>T LIPC variant on the promoter activity of a reporter gene in the HepG2 cell line. RESULTS Direct effects show that the -514C>T LIPC polymorphism is significantly associated with increased HDL-C plasma levels (β = 0.03; p < 0.001). The -514C>T variant resulted in an indirect protective effect on T2D risk through increasing HDL-C levels (β = - 0.03; p < 0.001). Marginal direct association between -514C>T and T2D was found (β = 0.08; p = 0.06). Variables directly influencing T2D status were European ethnicity (β = - 7.20; p < 0.001), age (β = 0.04; p < 0.001), gender (β = - 0.15; p = 0.017) and HDL-C (β = - 1.07; p < 0.001). In addition, we found that the -514C>T variant decreases the activity of LIPC promoter by 90% (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The -514C>T polymorphism was not directly associated with T2D risk. HDL-C acts as a mediator between -514C>T LIPC gene variant and T2D risk in the Mexican population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Guerra-García
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Genomic Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga #15, Belisario Domínguez, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - H Moreno-Macías
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Genomic Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga #15, Belisario Domínguez, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
- Economy Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Ochoa-Guzmán
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Genomic Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga #15, Belisario Domínguez, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M L Ordoñez-Sánchez
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Genomic Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga #15, Belisario Domínguez, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - R Rodríguez-Guillen
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Genomic Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga #15, Belisario Domínguez, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - P Vázquez-Cárdenas
- Obesity Clinic, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - V M Ortíz-Ortega
- Department of Physiology of Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Peimbert-Torres
- Nature Sciences Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - C A Aguilar-Salinas
- Division of Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M T Tusié-Luna
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Genomic Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga #15, Belisario Domínguez, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Univesidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Kamar A, Khalil A, Nemer G. The Digenic Causality in Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Revising the Genotype-Phenotype Correlations of the Disease. Front Genet 2021; 11:572045. [PMID: 33519890 PMCID: PMC7844333 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.572045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically inherited defects in lipoprotein metabolism affect more than 10 million individuals around the globe with preponderance in some parts where consanguinity played a major role in establishing founder mutations. Mutations in four genes have been so far linked to the dominant and recessive form of the disease. Those players encode major proteins implicated in cholesterol regulation, namely, the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and its associate protein 1 (LDLRAP1), the proprotein convertase substilin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), and the apolipoprotein B (APOB). Single mutations or compound mutations in one of these genes are enough to account for a spectrum of mild to severe phenotypes. However, recently several reports have identified digenic mutations in familial cases that do not necessarily reflect a much severe phenotype. Yet, data in the literature supporting this notion are still lacking. Herein, we review all the reported cases of digenic mutations focusing on the biological impact of gene dosage and the potential protective effects of single-nucleotide polymorphisms linked to hypolipidemia. We also highlight the difficulty of establishing phenotype-genotype correlations in digenic familial hypercholesterolemia cases due to the complexity and heterogeneity of the phenotypes and the still faulty in silico pathogenicity scoring system. We finally emphasize the importance of having a whole exome/genome sequencing approach for all familial cases of familial hyperlipidemia to better understand the genetic and clinical course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Kamar
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Athar Khalil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Georges Nemer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Division of Genomics and Translational Biomedicine, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
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Emmer BT, Sherman EJ, Lascuna PJ, Graham SE, Willer CJ, Ginsburg D. Genome-scale CRISPR screening for modifiers of cellular LDL uptake. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009285. [PMID: 33513160 PMCID: PMC7875399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a causal and modifiable risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. A critical pathway regulating cholesterol homeostasis involves the receptor-mediated endocytosis of low-density lipoproteins into hepatocytes, mediated by the LDL receptor. We applied genome-scale CRISPR screening to query the genetic determinants of cellular LDL uptake in HuH7 cells cultured under either lipoprotein-rich or lipoprotein-starved conditions. Candidate LDL uptake regulators were validated through the synthesis and secondary screening of a customized library of gRNA at greater depth of coverage. This secondary screen yielded significantly improved performance relative to the primary genome-wide screen, with better discrimination of internal positive controls, no identification of negative controls, and improved concordance between screen hits at both the gene and gRNA level. We then applied our customized gRNA library to orthogonal screens that tested for the specificity of each candidate regulator for LDL versus transferrin endocytosis, the presence or absence of genetic epistasis with LDLR deletion, the impact of each perturbation on LDLR expression and trafficking, and the generalizability of LDL uptake modifiers across multiple cell types. These findings identified several previously unrecognized genes with putative roles in LDL uptake and suggest mechanisms for their functional interaction with LDLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T. Emmer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Emily J. Sherman
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Chemical Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Paul J. Lascuna
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sarah E. Graham
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Cristen J. Willer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - David Ginsburg
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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Sarrafzadegan N, Vaseghi G, Malakoutikhah Z, Shafiee Z, Gharipour M, Shariati L, Sadeghian L, Khosravi E, Javanmard S, Pourmoghaddas A, Laher I, Zarfeshani S. Apolipoprotein B gene mutation related to familial hypercholesterolemia in an Iranian population: With or without hypothyroidism. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 26:94. [PMID: 34899932 PMCID: PMC8607183 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_970_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) leads to elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in plasma. Mutations of its related gene; apolipoprotein B (APOB) is seen in about two percent of the patient with FH. Thyroid disease is usually part of the exclusion criteria for the detection of FH which alters the lipid profile. We evaluated mutations in the APOB gene in patients with high LDL-C levels. Materials and Methods: Patients aged between 2 and 80 years with at least one LDL-C level of more than 190 mg/dl were selected (120 patients) from Isfahan Laboratories. Blood samples were obtained from all patients. Genomic DNA was extracted. Primer sequences were designed by Oligo 7.60 to amplify the desired 844 bp region of exon 26 of the APOB gene containing R3500Q and R3500W variants associated with FH. Results: Overall, two patients showed a heterozygous form of a common pathogenic variant in exon 26 named c. 10579 C > T (R3500W, cDNA.10707), and one patient was hypothyroidism. We also recognized another nonpathognomonic variant c. 10913G > A (rs1801701, cDNA.11041) in 13 patients, two of them were hypothyroidism. Conclusion: This study for the first time shows the coexistence of APOB mutation in hypothyroidism, which emphasis screening of patients with hypothyroid for FH detection.
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Jarauta E, Bea-Sanz AM, Marco-Benedi V, Lamiquiz-Moneo I. Genetics of Hypercholesterolemia: Comparison Between Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Hypercholesterolemia Nonrelated to LDL Receptor. Front Genet 2020; 11:554931. [PMID: 33343620 PMCID: PMC7744656 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.554931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe hypercholesterolemia (HC) is defined as an elevation of total cholesterol (TC) due to the increase in LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) >95th percentile or 190 mg/dl. The high values of LDL-C, especially when it is maintained over time, is considered a risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), mostly expressed as ischemic heart disease (IHD). One of the best characterized forms of severe HC, familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), is caused by the presence of a major variant in one gene (LDLR, APOB, PCSK9, or ApoE), with an autosomal codominant pattern of inheritance, causing an extreme elevation of LDL-C and early IHD. Nevertheless, an important proportion of serious HC cases, denominated polygenic hypercholesterolemia (PH), may be attributed to the small additive effect of a number of single nucleotide variants (SNVs), located along the whole genome. The diagnosis, prevalence, and cardiovascular risk associated with PH has not been fully established at the moment. Cascade screening to detect a specific genetic defect is advised in all first- and second-degree relatives of subjects with FH. Conversely, in the rest of cases of HC, it is only advised to screen high values of LDL-C in first-degree relatives since there is not a consensus for the genetic diagnosis of PH. FH is associated with the highest cardiovascular risk, followed by PH and other forms of HC. Early detection and initiation of high-intensity lipid-lowering treatment is proposed in all subjects with severe HC for the primary prevention of ASCVD, with an objective of LDL-C <100 mg/dl or a decrease of at least 50%. A more aggressive reduction in LDL-C is necessary in HC subjects who associate personal history of ASCVD or other cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estíbaliz Jarauta
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Aragon (IIS Aragn), Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Psychiatry a Dermatology, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Ma Bea-Sanz
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Aragon (IIS Aragn), Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Marco-Benedi
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Aragon (IIS Aragn), Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Itziar Lamiquiz-Moneo
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Aragon (IIS Aragn), Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Psychiatry a Dermatology, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Harada-Shiba M, Ali S, Gipe DA, Gasparino E, Son V, Zhang Y, Pordy R, Catapano AL. A randomized study investigating the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of evinacumab, an ANGPTL3 inhibitor, in healthy Japanese and Caucasian subjects. Atherosclerosis 2020; 314:33-40. [PMID: 33130482 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Evinacumab, an angiopoietin-like protein 3 monoclonal antibody, reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) significantly in a Phase 2 study of patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 1 study, we compared safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of evinacumab between healthy Japanese and Caucasian adults. METHODS Subjects with LDL-C ≥2.6 and <4.1 mmol/L were enrolled to one of four dose cohorts: evinacumab subcutaneous (SC) 300 mg single dose, SC 300 mg once weekly for eight doses, intravenous (IV) 5 mg/kg, or IV 15 mg/kg once every 4 weeks for two doses. Each cohort comprised 24 subjects (12 Japanese; 12 Caucasian), randomized (3:1) to receive evinacumab or placebo within each ethnic group with a 24-week follow-up. RESULTS The safety profile of evinacumab (IV and SC) in both ethnicities was comparable with placebo, with no serious or severe treatment-emergent adverse events. Pharmacokinetic profiles were comparable between Japanese and Caucasian subjects across IV and SC groups. Mean calculated LDL-C decreased from baseline with both IV doses, beginning on day 3 up to week 8. Triglyceride changes observed with evinacumab IV were rapid (seen by day 2) and sustained up to week 8. Evinacumab SC doses also reduced LDL-C and triglyceride levels, although lower doses induced smaller changes. Evinacumab (IV and SC) reduced other lipids, including apolipoprotein B, versus placebo. CONCLUSIONS In both ethnicities, evinacumab (IV and SC) was generally well tolerated, exhibiting comparable pharmacokinetic profiles. Dose-related reductions in LDL-C and triglycerides were observed with evinacumab in both ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Harada-Shiba
- Department of Molecular Innovation in Lipidology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Shazia Ali
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Vladimir Son
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Robert Pordy
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences University of Milan and IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
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Pividori M, Rajagopal PS, Barbeira A, Liang Y, Melia O, Bastarache L, Park Y, Consortium GTE, Wen X, Im HK. PhenomeXcan: Mapping the genome to the phenome through the transcriptome. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/37/eaba2083. [PMID: 32917697 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba2083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale genomic and transcriptomic initiatives offer unprecedented insight into complex traits, but clinical translation remains limited by variant-level associations without biological context and lack of analytic resources. Our resource, PhenomeXcan, synthesizes 8.87 million variants from genome-wide association study summary statistics on 4091 traits with transcriptomic data from 49 tissues in Genotype-Tissue Expression v8 into a gene-based, queryable platform including 22,515 genes. We developed a novel Bayesian colocalization method, fast enrichment estimation aided colocalization analysis (fastENLOC), to prioritize likely causal gene-trait associations. We successfully replicate associations from the phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS) catalog Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, and an evidence-based curated gene list. Using PhenomeXcan results, we provide examples of novel and underreported genome-to-phenome associations, complex gene-trait clusters, shared causal genes between common and rare diseases via further integration of PhenomeXcan with ClinVar, and potential therapeutic targets. PhenomeXcan (phenomexcan.org) provides broad, user-friendly access to complex data for translational researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Pividori
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Padma S Rajagopal
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alvaro Barbeira
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yanyu Liang
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Owen Melia
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lisa Bastarache
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - YoSon Park
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Xiaoquan Wen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
| | - Hae K Im
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Park S, Kang S. A minor allele of the haplotype located in the 19q13 loci is associated with a decreased risk of hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia, and a balanced diet and high protein intake can reduce the risk. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:178. [PMID: 32727492 PMCID: PMC7391697 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01352-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the human chromosome 19q13 loci are reported to be associated with hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia, the haplotype of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has not been studied. Therefore, the association of the haplotype in 19q13 loci with hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia was determined and their interactions with lifestyles and nutrient intakes were evaluated in 28,445 Koreans aged > 40 years. METHODS SNPs were selected from 19q13 loci that had an association with hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia with the adjustment of confounders (age, gender, area of residence, and body mass index). Haplotype was constructed from the selected SNPs. An adjusted odds ratio of the haplotype for hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia and the interaction between haplotype and lifestyles was analyzed after adjusting for covariates. RESULTS Hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia had an association with apolipoprotein E (APOE)_ rs7259620, translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40(TOMM40)_rs157581, poliovirus receptor-related 2(PVRL2)_rs403155, exocyst complex component 3-like 2(EXOC3L2)_ rs10406604 and CD3e molecule-associated protein (CD3EAP)_rs3212986 in 19q13. The haplotype of these SNPs had a negative association with hyper-total-cholesterolemia and hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia by 0.669 and 0.684 times, respectively, after adjusting for covariates. The incidence of cardiovascular diseases, especially myocardial infarction, had a negative association with the minor alleles. The balanced diet pattern (BD) and protein intake had a significant interaction with the haplotype: the major-allele of the haplotype exhibited a positive association with hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia, compared to the minor allele, only when combined with a high intake of BD. The participants with the minor allele exhibited a lower hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia risk compared to those with the major allele only with high protein intake. CONCLUSION The minor allele of haplotype located in 19q13 loci protected against hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia, especially with BD and high protein intake. The minor allele also had a negative association with myocardial infarction events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmin Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, 165 Sechul-Ri, BaeBang-Yup, Asan-Si, ChungNam-Do, 31499, South Korea.
| | - Suna Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, 165 Sechul-Ri, BaeBang-Yup, Asan-Si, ChungNam-Do, 31499, South Korea
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Leal LG, David A, Jarvelin MR, Sebert S, Männikkö M, Karhunen V, Seaby E, Hoggart C, Sternberg MJE. Identification of disease-associated loci using machine learning for genotype and network data integration. Bioinformatics 2020; 35:5182-5190. [PMID: 31070705 PMCID: PMC6954643 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Motivation Integration of different omics data could markedly help to identify biological signatures, understand the missing heritability of complex diseases and ultimately achieve personalized medicine. Standard regression models used in Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) identify loci with a strong effect size, whereas GWAS meta-analyses are often needed to capture weak loci contributing to the missing heritability. Development of novel machine learning algorithms for merging genotype data with other omics data is highly needed as it could enhance the prioritization of weak loci. Results We developed cNMTF (corrected non-negative matrix tri-factorization), an integrative algorithm based on clustering techniques of biological data. This method assesses the inter-relatedness between genotypes, phenotypes, the damaging effect of the variants and gene networks in order to identify loci-trait associations. cNMTF was used to prioritize genes associated with lipid traits in two population cohorts. We replicated 129 genes reported in GWAS world-wide and provided evidence that supports 85% of our findings (226 out of 265 genes), including recent associations in literature (NLGN1), regulators of lipid metabolism (DAB1) and pleiotropic genes for lipid traits (CARM1). Moreover, cNMTF performed efficiently against strong population structures by accounting for the individuals’ ancestry. As the method is flexible in the incorporation of diverse omics data sources, it can be easily adapted to the user’s research needs. Availability and implementation An R package (cnmtf) is available at https://lgl15.github.io/cnmtf_web/index.html. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis G Leal
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Integrative Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Alessia David
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Integrative Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Marjo-Riita Jarvelin
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland.,Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90220, Finland.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Sylvain Sebert
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Minna Männikkö
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Ville Karhunen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland.,Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90220, Finland.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Eleanor Seaby
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Clive Hoggart
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Michael J E Sternberg
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Integrative Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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Deng GX, Yin RX, Guan YZ, Liu CX, Zheng PF, Wei BL, Wu JZ, Miao L. Association of the NCAN-TM6SF2-CILP2-PBX4-SUGP1-MAU2 SNPs and gene-gene and gene-environment interactions with serum lipid levels. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:11893-11913. [PMID: 32568739 PMCID: PMC7343441 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the association of the NCAN-TM6SF2-CILP2-PBX4-SUGP1-MAU2 SNPs and gene-gene and gene-environment interactions with serum lipid levels in the population of Southwest China. Genotyping of 12 SNPs (i.e., rs2238675, rs2228603, rs58542926, rs735273, rs16996148, rs968525, rs17216525, rs12610185, rs10401969, rs8102280, rs73001065 and rs150268548) was performed in 1248 hyperlipidemia patients and 1248 normal subjects. The allelic and genotypic frequencies of the detected SNPs differed substantially between the normal and hyperlipidemia groups (P < 0.05-0.001), and the association of the 12 SNPs and hyperlipidemia was also observed (P < 0.004-0.0001). Four haplotypes (i.e., NCAN C-C, CILP2 G-T, PBX4-SUGP1 G-C, and MAU2 C-A-G-T) and 5 gene-gene interaction haplotypes (i.e., rs2238675C-rs2228603C, rs16996148G-rs17216525T, rs12610185G-rs10401969C, rs73001065G-rs8102280A-rs150268548G-rs968525C and rs73001065C-rs8102280A-rs150268548G-rs96852)showed a protective effect, whereas four other haplotypes (i.e., TM6SF2 T-A, TM6SF2 C-A, MAU2 G-G-G-C and MAU2 C-G-A-T), as well as 4 gene-gene interaction haplotypes (i.e., rs58542926C-rs735273A, rs58542926T-rs735273A, rs73001065G-rs8102280G-rs150268548G-rs968525C, and rs73001065C-rs8102280G-rs150268548A-rs968525T), exhibited an inverse effect on hyperlipidemia (P < 0.05-0.0001). There were notable three-locus models comprising SNP-SNP, SNP-environment, and haplotype-haplotype interactions (P < 0.05-0.0001). The individuals with some genotypes and haplotypes reduced the prevalence of hyperlipidemia, whereas the individuals with some other genotypes and haplotypes augmented the prevalence of hyperlipidemia. The NCAN-TM6SF2-CILP2-PBX4-SUGP1-MAU2 SNPs and gene-gene and gene-environment interactions on hyperlipidemia were observed in the population of Southwest China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Xiong Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Xing Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao-Zong Guan
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Xiao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Fei Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi-Liu Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Zhen Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Miao
- Department of Cardiology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
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Hannon BA, Edwards CG, Thompson SV, Reeser GE, Burd NA, Holscher HD, Teran-Garcia M, Khan NA. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Related to Lipoprotein Metabolism Are Associated with Blood Lipid Changes following Regular Avocado Intake in a Randomized Control Trial among Adults with Overweight and Obesity. J Nutr 2020; 150:1379-1387. [PMID: 32195538 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avocados are rich in unsaturated fat and fiber; clinical trials have investigated their effects on metabolic disease. There is high variability in individual changes following avocado consumption, which may be in part due to individual genetic differences. OBJECTIVE Secondary analyses of the Persea americana for Total Health (PATH) Study were used to examine how single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) impact blood lipid changes following a daily meal containing avocado compared with control. METHODS Adults (n = 115, 37% male) aged 25-45 y with overweight and obesity were randomly assigned to receive a daily isocaloric meal with (intervention) or without (control) a standardized amount (males: 175 g; females: 140 g) of avocado for 12 wk. Control meals were higher in saturated fat (17% of energy compared with 7%) and lower in fiber (4 g compared with 16 g) than intervention meals. Whole venous blood was taken at baseline and 12 wk to determine total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) concentrations. Seventeen SNPs in 10 genes related to lipoprotein metabolism were genotyped. Effects of SNP, diet, and SNP-diet interactions were determined using general linear models. RESULTS No group-by-time effects were detected for changes in TC (P = 0.96), HDL cholesterol (P = 0.28), or TG (P = 0.06) over 12 wk. Three SNP-diet interactions were associated with final TC concentrations: ANGPTL3-rs10889337 (P = 0.01), ANGPTL4-rs2278236 (P = 0.02), and CD36-rs10499859 (P = 0.01). SNPs in GCKR and LPL were associated with TC changes (P = 0.01). The interaction between GCKR-rs1260326 and diet was such that C-homozygotes receiving avocado (n = 23) had final TC concentrations that were significantly lower than the C-homozygotes in the control group (n = 20) (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Results from these exploratory analyses indicate that avocado consumption may help manage dyslipidemia in adults with overweight and obesity; however, effectiveness may differ by genetic profile. Understanding the role of genetic variation in variability following dietary intervention can potentially inform personalized nutrition recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget A Hannon
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Caitlyn G Edwards
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Sharon V Thompson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ginger E Reeser
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Nicholas A Burd
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hannah D Holscher
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Margarita Teran-Garcia
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Naiman A Khan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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48
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Bahrami S, Steen NE, Shadrin A, O’Connell K, Frei O, Bettella F, Wirgenes KV, Krull F, Fan CC, Dale AM, Smeland OB, Djurovic S, Andreassen OA. Shared Genetic Loci Between Body Mass Index and Major Psychiatric Disorders: A Genome-wide Association Study. JAMA Psychiatry 2020; 77:503-512. [PMID: 31913414 PMCID: PMC6990967 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.4188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Importance People with major psychiatric disorders (MPDs) have a 10- to 20-year shorter life span than the rest of the population, and this difference is mainly due to comorbid cardiovascular diseases. Genome-wide association studies have identified common variants involved in schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BIP), and major depression (MD) and body mass index (BMI), a key cardiometabolic risk factor. However, genetic variants jointly influencing MPD and BMI remain largely unknown. Objective To assess the extent of the overlap between the genetic architectures of MPDs and BMI and identify genetic loci shared between them. Design, Setting, and Participants Using a conditional false discovery rate statistical framework, independent genome-wide association study data on individuals with SCZ (n = 82 315), BIP (n = 51 710), MD (n = 480 359), and BMI (n = 795 640) were analyzed. The UK Biobank cohort (n = 29 740) was excluded from the MD data set to avoid sample overlap. Data were collected from August 2017 to May 2018, and analysis began July 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were a list of genetic loci shared between BMI and MPDs and their functional pathways. Results Genome-wide association study data from 1 380 284 participants were analyzed, and the genetic correlation between BMI and MPDs varied (SCZ: r for genetic = -0.11, P = 2.1 × 10-10; BIP: r for genetic = -0.06, P = .0103; MD: r for genetic = 0.12, P = 6.7 × 10-10). Overall, 63, 17, and 32 loci shared between BMI and SCZ, BIP, and MD, respectively, were analyzed at conjunctional false discovery rate less than 0.01. Of the shared loci, 34% (73 of 213) in SCZ, 52% (36 of 69) in BIP, and 57% (56 of 99) in MD had risk alleles associated with higher BMI (conjunctional false discovery rate <0.05), while the rest had opposite directions of associations. Functional analyses indicated that the overlapping loci are involved in several pathways including neurodevelopment, neurotransmitter signaling, and intracellular processes, and the loci with concordant and opposite association directions pointed mostly to different pathways. Conclusions and Relevance In this genome-wide association study, extensive polygenic overlap between BMI and SCZ, BIP, and MD were found, and 111 shared genetic loci were identified, implicating novel functional mechanisms. There was mixture of association directions in SCZ and BMI, albeit with a preponderance of discordant ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Bahrami
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils Eiel Steen
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexey Shadrin
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kevin O’Connell
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oleksandr Frei
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Francesco Bettella
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Florian Krull
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Chun C. Fan
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Anders M Dale
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Olav B. Smeland
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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49
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Jurcikova-Novotna L, Mrazova L, Mičová K, Friedecký D, Hubacek JA, Poledne R. Global DNA methylation in rats´ liver is not affected by hypercholesterolemic diet. Physiol Res 2020; 69:347-252. [PMID: 32199015 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased plasma cholesterol levels are listed between the major atherosclerosis risk factors. The final plasma cholesterol levels result from the interplay between the genetic and environmental (diet, physical activity) factors. Little is known, how dietary factor influence epigenetics. We have analyzed, if an over-generation feeding of rat with cholesterol influences total liver-DNA methylation, and if total liver-DNA methylation differ between the different rat strains (Prague hereditary hypercholesterolemic rats, Prague hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rats and Wistar Kyoto rats). The animals were feed with high fat (additional 5 % over normal capacity) high cholesterol (2 %) diet for 14 days. DNA methylation in the liver tissue in different generations was analyzed using the liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. We have not observed any significant changes in total liver-DNA methylation over the 9 generations of animals feed by fat/cholesterol enriched diet. Additionally, there were no differences in DNA methylation between different rat strains. In animal model, the dietary changes (hypercholesterolemic diet) not significantly influence the total DNA methylation status within the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jurcikova-Novotna
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
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50
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Liu CX, Yin RX, Shi ZH, Deng GX, Zheng PF, Wei BL, Guan YZ. EHBP1 SNPs, Their Haplotypes, and Gene-Environment Interactive Effects on Serum Lipid Levels. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:7158-7169. [PMID: 32280856 PMCID: PMC7143410 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs2710642 and rs10496099 and their effect on the EH domain-binding protein 1 (EHBP1) gene and serum lipid profiles remain uncertain. This study was performed to investigate the two EHBP1 SNPs in Han and Maonan populations, including their association, haplotypes, and effects on serum lipid levels. Two EHBP1 SNPs in 564 Han and 796 Maonan participants were genotyped by high-throughput sequencing, and then the genotype and haplotype distributions of two EHBP1 SNPs were analyzed. Moreover, risk factors and their effects on serum lipid levels were analyzed using multivariable linear regression and logistic regression analyses. In Han and Maonan populations, a significant difference was found in the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the EHBP1 rs2710642 and rs10496099 SNPs and the alternate alleles of rs2710642A and rs10496099C might be potentially beneficial for healthy lipid levels. Medium linkage disequilibrium between the two SNPs was noted in each ethnic group, and four main haplotypes were detected. The rs2710642G-rs10496099C haplotype was associated with high triglycerides (TGs) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the rs2710642A-rs10496099C haplotype was associated with low TGs and high apolipoprotein A1. The rs2710642G-rs10496099C haplotype was a high-risk factor for hyperlipidemia, and it interacted with smoking, fasting blood glucose, and hypertension to increase but with the female factor to decrease the prevalence of hyperlipidemia in Han individuals. The EHBP1 rs2710642 and rs10496099 SNPs and gene-environment interactions were associated with serum lipid profiles and hyperlipidemia, which is of ethnic specificity to our study populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xiao Liu
- Department
of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated
Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Rui-Xing Yin
- Department
of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated
Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic
of China
- Guangxi
Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-cerebrovascular
Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi
Clinical Research Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Zong-Hu Shi
- Department
of Prevention and Health Care, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou 545005, Guangxi, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Guo-Xiong Deng
- Department
of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated
Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Peng-Fei Zheng
- Department
of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated
Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Bi-Liu Wei
- Department
of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated
Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Yao-Zong Guan
- Department
of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated
Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People’s Republic
of China
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