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Ren A, Zhu J, Wu Z, Ming J, Ruan S, Xu M, Huang T. Machine learning algorithms for identifying contralateral central lymph node metastasis in unilateral cN0 papillary thyroid cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1385324. [PMID: 38800481 PMCID: PMC11116582 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1385324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The incidence of thyroid cancer is growing fast and surgery is the most significant treatment of it. For patients with unilateral cN0 papillary thyroid cancer whether to dissect contralateral central lymph node is still under debating. Here, we aim to provide a machine learning based prediction model of contralateral central lymph node metastasis using demographic and clinical data. Methods 2225 patients with unilateral cN0 papillary thyroid cancer from Wuhan Union Hospital were retrospectively studied. Clinical and pathological features were compared between patients with contralateral central lymph node metastasis and without. Six machine learning models were constructed based on these patients and compared using accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, area under the receiver operating characteristic and decision curve analysis. The selected models were then verified using data from Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in China study. All statistical analysis and model construction were performed by R software. Results Male, maximum diameter larger than 1cm, multifocality, ipsilateral central lymph node metastasis and younger than 50 years were independent risk factors of contralateral central lymph node metastasis. Random forest model performed better than others, and were verified in external validation cohort. A web calculator was constructed. Conclusions Gender, maximum diameter, multifocality, ipsilateral central lymph node metastasis and age should be considered for contralateral central lymph node dissection. The web calculator based on random forest model may be helpful in clinical decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwen Ren
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaqing Zhu
- First Clinical College, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenghao Wu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Ming
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengnan Ruan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Nagendra L, Pappachan JM, Fernandez CJ. Artificial intelligence in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer: Recent advances and future directions. Artif Intell Cancer 2023; 4:1-10. [DOI: 10.35713/aic.v4.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis and management of thyroid cancer is fraught with challenges despite the advent of innovative diagnostic, surgical, and chemotherapeutic modalities. Challenges like inaccuracy in prognostication, uncertainty in cytopathological diagnosis, trouble in differentiating follicular neoplasms, intra-observer and inter-observer variability on ultrasound imaging preclude personalised treatment in thyroid cancer. Artificial intelligence (AI) is bringing a paradigm shift to the healthcare, powered by quick advancement of the analytic techniques. Several recent studies have shown remarkable progress in thyroid cancer diagnostics based on AI-assisted algorithms. Application of AI techniques in thyroid ultrasonography and cytopathology have shown remarkable impro-vement in sensitivity and specificity over the traditional diagnostic modalities. AI has also been explored in the development of treatment algorithms for indeterminate nodules and for prognostication in the patients with thyroid cancer. The benefits of high repeatability and straightforward implementation of AI in the management of thyroid cancer suggest that it holds promise for clinical application. Limited clinical experience and lack of prospective validation studies remain the biggest drawbacks. Developing verified and trustworthy algorithms after extensive testing and validation using prospective, multi-centre trials is crucial for the future use of AI in the pipeline of precision medicine in the management of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Nagendra
- Department of Endocrinology, JSS Medical College & JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research Center, Mysore 570015, India
| | - Joseph M Pappachan
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Preston PR2 9HT, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, M15 6BH, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Cornelius James Fernandez
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Pilgrim Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, PE21 9QS PE21 9QS, United Kingdom
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Liu L, Li G, Jia C, Du L, Shi Q, Wu R. Preoperative strain ultrasound elastography can predict occult central cervical lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid cancer: a single-center retrospective study. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1141855. [PMID: 37124540 PMCID: PMC10130523 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1141855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine whether preoperative ultrasound elastography can predict occult central cervical lymph node metastasis (CCLNM) in patients with papillary thyroid cancer. Methods This retrospective study included 541 papillary thyroid cancer patients with clinically negative lymph nodes prior to surgery between July 2019 and December 2021. Based on whether CCLNM was present on postoperative pathology, patients were categorized as CCLNM (+) or CCLNM (-). Preoperative clinical data, conventional ultrasound features, and ultrasound elastography indices were compared between the groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the independent predictors of occult CCLNM. Results A total of 36.60% (198/541) patients had confirmed CCLNM, while 63.40% (343/541) did not. Tumor location, bilaterality, multifocality, echogenicity, margin, shape, vascularity, capsule contact, extrathyroidal extension, aspect ratio, and shear wave elasticity parameters were comparable between the groups (all P > 0.05). Univariate analysis showed statistically significant differences between the two groups in age, sex, tumor size, calcification, capsule invasion, and strain rates ratio in strain ultrasound elastography (all P < 0.05). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the independent predictors of occult CCLNM were age (OR = 0.975, 95% CI = 0.959-0.991, P = 0.002), sex (OR = 1.886, 95% CI = 1.220-2.915, P = 0.004), tumor size (OR = 1.054, 95% CI = 1.014-1.097, P = 0.008), and strain rates ratio (OR = 1.178, 95% CI = 1.065-1.304, P = 0.002). Conclusion Preoperative strain ultrasound elastography can predict presence of occult CCLNM in papillary thyroid cancer patients and help clinicians select the appropriate treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Jia
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianfang Du
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiusheng Shi
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Rong Wu,
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Liu Y, Huang J, Zhang Z, Huang Y, Du J, Wang S, Wu Z. Ultrasonic Characteristics Improve Prediction of Central Lymph Node Metastasis in cN0 Unifocal Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:870813. [PMID: 35795144 PMCID: PMC9250971 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.870813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prediction of central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) is vital for clinical decision-making processes in clinically N0 (cN0) unifocal papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), but the sensitivity of preoperative detection of CLNM is limited. The aim of the present study was to determine whether there are ultrasonic (US) characteristics associated with CLNM. METHODS In total, 1657 PTC patients (514 men and 1143 women) were enrolled in the present study between January 2018 and May 2021. The patients met the following inclusion criteria based on preoperative detection: suspected nodule confirmed as PTC by biopsy; the nodule was unifocal and less than 4 cm in diameter; no prior neck radiation exposure; no extrathyroidal extension; and no CLNM or distant metastases on imaging. All the enrolled patients underwent total thyroidectomy with prophylactic central lymph node dissection (CLND). A postoperative pathological diagnosis was made. RESULTS CLNM was found in 58.4% of male patients and 36.9% of female patients. In univariate analysis, size, adjacent anterior capsule, distance to the lower pole and color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) were considered risk factors for the male and female groups (p < 0.05). In multivariate analyses, size, adjacent anterior capsule, distance to the lower pole and CDFI were independent risk factors for male patients. For females, the independent risk factors included size, adjacent anterior capsule, distance to the lower pole and CDFI. CONCLUSION In the present cohort, US imaging characteristics, including size, adjacent anterior capsule, distance to the lower pole and CDFI, were identified to be potentially beneficial in preoperative clinical decision-making processes for cN0 unifocal PTC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchen Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Hernia Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhao Huang
- Department of Thyroid and Hernia Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Hernia Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijie Huang
- Department of Thyroid and Hernia Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jialin Du
- Department of Thyroid and Hernia Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sanming Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Hernia Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Sanming Wang, ; Zeyu Wu,
| | - Zeyu Wu
- Department of Thyroid and Hernia Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Sanming Wang, ; Zeyu Wu,
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Zhou M, Duan Y, Ye B, Wang Y, Li H, Wu Y, Chen P, Zhu J, Jing C, Wu Y, Wang X. Pattern and Predictive Factors of Metastasis in Lymph Nodes Posterior to the Right Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:914946. [PMID: 35923627 PMCID: PMC9339603 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.914946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The right cervical central lymph nodes include lymph nodes anterior to the right recurrent laryngeal nerve (LN-arRLN) and lymph nodes posterior to the right recurrent laryngeal nerve (LN-prRLN), and are separated by the right recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). LN-prRLN is a common site of nodal recurrence after the resection of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, the complexity in anatomical structure brings difficulties in determining the surgical scope, so it is necessary to assess the pattern and predictive factors of right cervical central lymph nodes, especially LN-prRLN metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma. METHODS A total of 562 diagnosed PTC patients who underwent right or total thyroidectomy were enrolled in this retrospective study. The clinicopathological features were collected, univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine predictive factors of the right central lymph node metastasis. RESULTS In this study, the metastatic rates of the right CLN, the LN-arRLN and the LN-prRLN were 59.6% (335/562), 51.8% (291/562) and 30.4% (171/562), respectively. And 22.6% (127/562) of patients had both LN-arRLN and LN-prRLN metastasis. Among patients without LN-arRLN metastasis, the rate of LN-prRLN metastasis was 16.2% (44/271), accounting for 25.7% of the LN-prRLN metastasis group. Factors associated with an increased risk of LN-arRLN metastasis include male, age below 55 years, tumor size > 1cm, extrathyroidal extension (ETE), clinical lymph nodes metastasis(cN1), lateral lymph node metastasis, and left CLN metastasis. In addition, ETE, lateral lymph node metastasis, and LN-arRLN metastasis were independent factors of LN-prRLN metastasis. The predictive factors of LN-prRLN in cN0 PTC were further explored, revealing that tumor size ≥1.5cm, ETE, and LN-arRLN metastasis were independent predictors of LN-prRLN metastasis in cN0 PTC. CONCLUSION The LN-prRLN should not be ignored in surgery because of its high rate of metastasis. Our findings indicate that thorough dissection of central lymph nodes, especially LN-prRLN is crucial in clinical work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chao Jing
- *Correspondence: Xudong Wang, ; Yansheng Wu, ; Chao Jing,
| | - Yansheng Wu
- *Correspondence: Xudong Wang, ; Yansheng Wu, ; Chao Jing,
| | - Xudong Wang
- *Correspondence: Xudong Wang, ; Yansheng Wu, ; Chao Jing,
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Wang Y, Xiao Y, Pan Y, Yang S, Li K, Zhao W, Hu X. The effectiveness and safety of prophylactic central neck dissection in clinically node-negative papillary thyroid carcinoma patients: A meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1094012. [PMID: 36733809 PMCID: PMC9886572 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1094012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of prophylactic central neck dissection (PCND) in patients with clinically node-negative (cN0) papillary thyroid carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS A meta-analysis of the literature was performed using the key words "papillary thyroid carcinomas" and "lymph node ecisions" for searches of electronic databases. Complications such as transient hypocalcemia, permanent hypocalcemia, transient and permanent hypoparathyroidism, transient and permanent vocal cord paralysis, transient recurrent and permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, and local recurrence were pooled by meta-analysis. Stata17.0 was used to carry out the meta-analysis. RESULTS Data were extracted from 15 studies. In the present review, the group of patients who had total thyroidectomy (TT) with PCND had a lower local recurrence than the group with TT alone (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.10-0.45, P = 0.000), whereas the incidence of permanent hypocalcemia (OR 4.24, 95% CI 1.05-17.22, P = 0.043) and transient hypoparathyroidism (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.34-3.42, P =0.001) were higher. No significant differences were recorded in the incidence of other complications: transient hypocalcemia (OR 2.24, 95% CI 0.77-6.51, P = 0.138), permanent hypoparathyroidism (OR 1.70, 95% CI 0.89-3.27, P = 0.111), transient vocal cord paralysis (OR 1.48, 95% CI 0.78-2.83, P = 0.231), permanent vocal cord paralysis (OR 1.44, 95% CI 0.53-3.94, P = 0.477), transient recurrent laryngeal nerve injury (OR 1.47, 95% CI 0.93-2.32, P = 0.102) and permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve injury (OR 1.24, 95% CI 0.56-2.74, P = 0.587) between the two groups. CONCLUSION Compared with TT alone, TT with PCND was more effective in reducing local recurrence without increasing the risk of recurrent laryngeal nerve, thyroid and vocal cord, except for hypocalcemia and transient hypoparathyroidism. Therefore, we believe that TT with PCND should be recommended for patients with cN0 PTC. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD4202 2355078.
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Chen H, Song A, Wang Y, He Y, Tong J, Di J, Li C, Zhou Z, Cai X, Zhong D, Da J. BRAF V600E mutation test on fine-needle aspiration specimens of thyroid nodules: Clinical correlations for 4600 patients. Cancer Med 2021; 11:40-49. [PMID: 34851044 PMCID: PMC8704181 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The BRAFV600E mutation is valuable for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). However, studies related to this mutation have involved only a small number of patients. Therefore, we performed a large‐scale analysis from a single institute to evaluate the accuracy of combined fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) and BRAFV600E mutation tests for PTC diagnosis. Methods A total of 4600 patients with thyroid nodules who underwent both FNA cytology and BRAFV600E mutation analysis on FNA specimens were enrolled. The association between the BRAFV600E mutation and clinicopathological features was analyzed. A separate analysis was performed for the 311 patients who underwent repeated FNA for comparison of cytological evaluation and BRAFV600E mutation results. The diagnostic efficacy of the BRAFV600E mutation test and cytologic diagnoses was evaluated for 516 patients who underwent preoperative FNA tests in comparison with conclusive postoperative histopathologic results. Results The cytology results of all 4600 FNA samples were categorized according to The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytology (TBSRTC) stages I–VI, which accounted for 11.76%, 60.02%, 6.46%, 3.61%, 6.71%, and 11.43% of the samples, respectively. The BRAFV600E mutation was detected in 762 (16.57%) FNA samples, with rates of 1.48%, 0.87%, 20.20%, 3.01%, 66.02%, and 87.81% for TBSRTC I–VI lesions, respectively. Among the 311 repeat FNA cases, 81.0% of the BRAFV600E‐positive and 4.3% of the BRAFV600E‐negative specimens with an initial indication of cytological non‐malignancy were ultimately diagnosed as malignant by repeat FNA (p < 0.001). Among the 516 patients who underwent thyroidectomy, the sensitivity and specificity of the BRAFV600E mutation test alone for PTC diagnosis were 76.71% and 100.0%, respectively, which increased to 96.62% and 88.03%, respectively, when combining the BRAFV600E mutation test with cytology. BRAFV600E mutation was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (p < 0.001), but not with age, gender, or tumor size. Conclusions The BRAFV600E mutation test in FNA samples has potential to reduce false negatives in PTC diagnosis, and therefore plays an important role in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules, especially those with an indeterminate or nondiagnostic cytology, which should be considered for repeat FNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Chen
- Department of Pathology, The China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Aiping Song
- Department of Pathology, The China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Pathology, The China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan He
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Jie Tong
- Department of Pathology, The China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxi Di
- Department of Pathology, The China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Pathology, The China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongren Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopin Cai
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Dingrong Zhong
- Department of Pathology, The China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiping Da
- Department of Pathology, The China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hosptial, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
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Clinical Study of Virtual Reality Augmented Technology Combined with Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in the Assessment of Thyroid Cancer. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:8042755. [PMID: 34394897 PMCID: PMC8363438 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8042755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer has become the most common malignant tumor in the endocrine system, and its global incidence has been showing an upward trend. The diagnosis methods of thyroid cancer include ultrasound, fine-needle aspiration cytology, and neck CT, but the single ultrasound feature cannot simultaneously take into account the sensitivity and specificity of more than 85% when diagnosing thyroid cancer. The development of virtual technology can significantly improve the diagnosis of the thyroid gland. Based on this, this article proposes a clinical study of virtual reality technology combined with contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the assessment of thyroid cancer. This article uses a variety of methods, such as literature method, mathematical statistics, and experimental research, in-depth study of the theoretical cornerstones of virtual reality augmented technology, the application status of ultrasound contrast technology, and so on. And a fuzzy mean clustering algorithm was proposed to identify ultrasound images. Then, a clinical experiment of virtual reality augmented technology combined with contrast-enhanced ultrasound was designed to evaluate thyroid cancer, which included comparison of contrast-enhanced ultrasound signs, analysis of enhancement results, multifactor logistic analysis, and diagnostic efficacy analysis of ultrasound signs. The combined application of virtual reality augmented technology and contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the study of thyroid cancer has a sensitivity and specificity exceeding 85% as the diagnosis boundary changes, and the accuracy of the combined diagnosis is relatively high.
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Xia E, Chi Y, Jin L, Shen Y, Hirachan S, Bhandari A, Wang O. Preoperative prediction of lymph node metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma by an artificial intelligence algorithm. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:7695-7704. [PMID: 34377246 PMCID: PMC8340231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is necessary to identify patients at risk of developing lymph node metastasis prior to papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) surgery. This can be challenging due to limiting factors, and an artificial intelligence algorithm may be a viable option. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether combining an artificial intelligence algorithm (support vector machine and probabilistic neural network) and clinico-pathologic data can preoperatively predict lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). METHODS We retrospectively examined 251 PTCs with lymph node metastasis and 194 PTCs without lymph node metastasis. The artificial intelligence algorithm included the support vector machine (SVM) and the probabilistic neural network (PNN). RESULTS The ACR TI-RADS (Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System), number of tumours, no well-defined margin, lymph node status and rim calcification on ultrasonography (US), age, sex, tumour size, and presence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis were significantly more frequent among PTCs with central lymph node metastasis than those without metastasis (P<0.05). The PNN classifier revealed an F1 score of 0.88 on the central lymph node metastasis test set. The SVM classifier revealed an F1 score of 0.93 on the lateral lymph node metastasis test set. Our study demonstrates that combining artificial intelligence algorithms and clinico-pathologic data can effectively predict the lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma prior to surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erjie Xia
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yili Chi
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linli Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Shen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Suzita Hirachan
- Department of Surgery, Breast Unit, Tribhuvan University Teaching HospitalKathmandu, Nepal
| | - Adheesh Bhandari
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ouchen Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
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The Clinical Significance of Lymph Node Ratio and Ki-67 Expression in Papillary Thyroid Cancer. World J Surg 2021; 45:2155-2164. [PMID: 33825961 PMCID: PMC8154824 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-021-06070-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The N stage in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is an important prognostic factor based on anatomical localization of cervical lymph nodes (LNs) only and not the extent of lymphatic metastasis. In this retrospective study, the clinical significance of lymph node ratio (LNR) and tumor cell proliferation in relation to the conventional classification of PTC was explored. METHODS Patients diagnosed with PTC at the Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm, Sweden, during the years 2009-2011 were included. The LNR, defined as the number of metastatic LNs divided by the total number of LNs investigated, and the Ki-67 index were analyzed in relation to clinical data. RESULTS The median number of LN removed was 16 with the following N stage distribution: N0 (26%), N1a (45%), and N1b (29%). A Ki-67 index of ≥3% was significantly correlated with the presence of metastases and tumor recurrence with a sensitivity of 50% and specificity of 80% (p = 0.015). Lymph node ratio ≥21% was related to tumor recurrence with sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 70% (p = 0.006). Patients with LN metastases in the lateral cervical compartment only had significantly lower LNR (14.5%) compared to those with both central and lateral cervical metastases (39.5%) (p = 0.004) and exhibited no tumor recurrence. Increased Ki-67 index was significantly related to LNR ≥21% (p = 0.023) but was not associated with N stage. CONCLUSIONS The Ki-67 proliferation index and LNR may better reflect the malignant behavior of PTC compared to the anatomical classification of LN metastases solely.
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Du W, Fang Q, Zhang X, Dai L. Metastasis of cN0 Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma of the Isthmus to the Lymph Node Posterior to the Right Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:677986. [PMID: 34040587 PMCID: PMC8142539 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.677986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between metastasis to the lymph node posterior to the right recurrent laryngeal nerve (LN-prRLN) and cN0 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) located in the thyroid isthmus remains unknown; therefore, our goal was to analyze the characteristics of LN-prRLN metastasis of cN0 PTCs of the thyroid isthmus and determine its potential predictors. PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective study included patients who underwent bilateral central neck dissection between January 2018 and January 2021. The specimen was divided into five groups of prelaryngeal lymph node (LN), pretracheal LN, left paratracheal LN, lymph node anterior to the right recurrent laryngeal nerve (LN-arRLN), and LN-prRLN. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess the association between the clinical pathologic variables and LN-prRLN metastases. Surgical complications were presented descriptively. RESULTS A total of 357 patients were included, LN-prRLN metastasis occurred in 23 (6.4%) patients, and LN-prRLN was positive only when there were other LN metastases, especially LN-arRLN metastases. Other independent risk factors for LN-prRLN included foci numbers ≥2, tumor size ≥5.0 mm, and extrathyroidal extensions. The rates of permanent hypoparathyroidism and vocal cord paralysis were 1.1% and 2.0%, respectively. CONCLUSION LN-prRLN metastases should not be ignored in cN0 PTC located in the thyroid isthmus; however, its dissection is a safe procedure, and the status of LN-arRLN can be a reliable predictor for LN-prRLN metastases.
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Zhou SC, Liu TT, Zhou J, Huang YX, Guo Y, Yu JH, Wang YY, Chang C. An Ultrasound Radiomics Nomogram for Preoperative Prediction of Central Neck Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1591. [PMID: 33014810 PMCID: PMC7498535 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to establish and validate an ultrasound radiomics nomogram for the preoperative prediction of central lymph node (LN) metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Patients and Methods: The prediction model was developed in 609 patients with clinicopathologically confirmed unifocal PTC who received ultrasonography between Jan 2018 and June 2018. Radiomic features were extracted after the ultrasonography of PTC. Lasso regression model was used for data dimensionality reduction, feature selection, and radiomics signature building. The predicting model was established based on the multivariable logistic regression analysis in which the radiomics signature, ultrasonography-reported LN status, and independent clinicopathologic risk factors were incorporated, and finally a radiomics nomogram was established. The performance of the nomogram was assessed with respect to the discrimination and consistence. An independent validation was performed in 326 consecutive patients from July 2018 to Sep 2018. Results: The radiomics signature consisted of 23 selected features and was significantly associated with LN status in both primary and validation cohorts. The independent predictors in the radiomics nomogram included the radiomics signature, age, TG level, TPOAB level, and ultrasonography-reported LN status. The model showed good discrimination and consistence in both cohorts: C-index of 0.816 (95% CI, 0.808–0.824) in the primary cohort and 0.858 (95% CI, 0.849–0.867) in the validation cohort. The area under receiver operating curve was 0.858. In the validation cohort, the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and AUC of this model were 0.812, 0.816, 0.810, and 0.858 (95% CI, 0.785–0.930), respectively. Decision curve analysis indicated the radiomics nomogram was clinically useful. Conclusion: This study presents a convenient, clinically useful ultrasound radiomics nomogram that can be used for the pre-operative individualized prediction of central LN metastasis in patients with PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Chong Zhou
- Department of Ultrasonography, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong-Tong Liu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Ultrasonography, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Xia Huang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Hua Yu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, Shanghai, China
| | - Cai Chang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Tian X, Song Q, Xie F, Ren L, Zhang Y, Tang J, Zhang Y, Jin Z, Zhu Y, Zhang M, Luo Y. Papillary thyroid carcinoma: an ultrasound-based nomogram improves the prediction of lymph node metastases in the central compartment. Eur Radiol 2020; 30:5881-5893. [PMID: 32588211 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-06906-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a nomogram based on postoperative clinical and ultrasound findings to quantify the probability of central compartment lymph node metastases (CLNM). METHODS A total of 952 patients with histologically confirmed papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) were included in this retrospective study and assigned to three groups based on sex and age. The strongest predictors for CLNM were selected according to ultrasound imaging features, and an ultrasound (US) signature was constructed. By incorporating clinical characteristics, a predictive model presented as a nomogram was developed, and its performance was assessed with respect to calibration, discrimination and clinical usefulness. RESULTS Predictors contained in the nomogram included US signature, US-reported LN status and age. The US signature was constructed with tumour size and microcalcification. The nomogram showed excellent calibration in the training dataset, with an AUC of 0.826 (95% CI, 0.765-0.887) for male patients, 0.818 (95% CI, 0.746-0.890) for young females and 0.808 (95% CI, 0.757-0.859) for elder females. For male and young female patients, application of the nomogram to the validation cohort revealed good discrimination, with AUCs of 0.813 (95% CI, 0.722-0.904) and 0.814 (95% CI, 0.712-0.915), respectively. Conversely, for elderly female patients, the nomogram failed to show good performance with an AUC of 0.742 (95% CI, 0.661-0.823). CONCLUSION This ultrasound-based nomogram may serve as a useful clinical tool to provide valuable information for treatment decisions, especially for male and younger female patients. KEY POINTS • Age, gender, US-reported LN status and US signature were the strongest predictors of CLNM in PTC patients and informed the development of a predictive nomogram. • Microcalcification was the strongest predictor in the US signature, as CLMN was identified in approximately 92% of patients characterised by diffuse microcalcification. • Stratified by sex and age, this nomogram achieved good performance in predicting CLNM, especially in male and young female patients. This prediction tool may be useful as an imaging marker for identifying CLNM preoperatively in PTC patients and as a guide for personalised treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Tian
- Medical College of Nankai University, No.94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
- Department of Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No.28, Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Song
- Department of Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No.28, Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
- Department of Ultrasound, Seventh Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Xie
- Department of Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No.28, Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Ren
- Department of Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No.28, Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Medical College of Nankai University, No.94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
- Department of Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No.28, Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No.28, Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No.28, Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Jin
- Department of Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No.28, Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqiong Zhu
- Medical College of Nankai University, No.94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
- Department of Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No.28, Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingbo Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No.28, Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Yukun Luo
- Medical College of Nankai University, No.94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No.28, Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.
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Lin P, He RQ, Huang ZG, Zhang R, Wu HY, Shi L, Li XJ, Li Q, Chen G, Yang H, He Y. Role of global aberrant alternative splicing events in papillary thyroid cancer prognosis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:2082-2097. [PMID: 30986203 PMCID: PMC6503875 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternative splicing events have been increasingly reported for anomalous perturbations in various cancers, including papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). METHODS Integration analysis of RNA sequencing and clinical information were utilized to identify survival associated splicing events in PTC. Then, several prognosis-related splicing events were submitted to develop moderate predictors for survival monitoring by using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator model. In addition, several biomedical computational algorithms were conducted to identify pathways enriched by genes with prognostic splicing events and construct regulatory network dominated by splicing factors. RESULTS Survival analysis in 496 PTC patients indicated that TNM stage, tumor stage, distant metastasis and tumor status were significantly correlated with PTC patients' progression-free interval. 2799 splicing events were identified as prognostic molecular events. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that prognostic splicing events are associated with several energy metabolism-related processes. Based on these prognostic events, several prognostic signatures were developed. The final prognostic signature acted as an independent prognostic factor after adjusting for several clinical parameters. Interestingly, splicing regulatory network was constructed to display potential regulatory mechanisms of splicing events in PTC. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis provides the status of splicing events involved in the progression and may represent an underappreciated hallmark of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lin
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P. R. China
| | - Rong-Quan He
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Guang Huang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Yu Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Pre-Clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Lin Shi
- Departments of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Li
- Departments of PET/CT, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P. R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P. R. China
| | - Yun He
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P. R. China
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Wang Y, Song J, Tu Y, Chen C, Sun S. Minimally invasive comprehensive treatment for granulomatous lobular mastitis. BMC Surg 2020; 20:34. [PMID: 32087717 PMCID: PMC7035639 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-020-00696-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To describe a minimally invasive comprehensive treatment for granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM) and compare its effect with the existing methods, particularly in terms of its recurrence rate and esthetic outcomes. Methods This retrospective study reviewed 69 GLM patients receiving the minimally invasive comprehensive treatment. Patients’ information, including age, clinical features, image characteristics, histopathological findings, mastitis history, treatment process, operative technique, recurrence, and esthetic effect, was evaluated. Results All patients were female with a median age of 32 (range 17–55) years. Hospital stays ranged from 2 to 34 days, with a median of 6 days. The shortest time for complete rehabilitation was 2 days and the longest time was 365 days, with a median of 30 days. After a median follow-up of 391 days (range 162–690), 7 patients (10.14%) relapsed. The average cosmetic score was 2.62 ± 0.57 points and was mainly related to the past treatment, especially the surgical history. Conclusion Minimally invasive comprehensive treatment is a new method for the treatment of GLM, ensuring a therapeutic effect while maintaining breast beauty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohuai Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, No.99 Zhang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Junlong Song
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, No.99 Zhang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yi Tu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, No.99 Zhang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Chuang Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, No.99 Zhang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Shengrong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, No.99 Zhang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Yazıcı D, Çolakoğlu B, Sağlam B, Sezer H, Kapran Y, Aydın Ö, Demirkol MO, Alagöl F, Terzioğlu T. Effect of prophylactic central neck dissection on the surgical outcomes in papillary thyroid cancer: experience in a single center. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 277:1491-1497. [PMID: 32052141 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-05830-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Morbidity due to papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is increased mostly due to lymph node (LN) metastases, which lead to reoperations and complications associated with these operations. The aim is to compare the outcomes of PTC having total thyroidectomy and prophylactic central lymph node dissection (TT + PCND) with patients having total thyroidectomy (TT) alone. METHODS This study is a retrospective cohort analysis of 358 PTC patients that were operated by a single surgeon in a single center. Data about the patients were extracted from the medical records. RESULTS Of the patient cohort, 258 patients had TT + PCND (42.5 ± 11.3 years) and 100 patients (41.2 ± 11.9 years) had only TT. Total number of LN extracted in the TT + PCND group was 8.1 ± 6.9. The mean number of metastatic LN were 2.2 ± 1.9. Percentage of patients that had RAI were less in the TT + PCND group compared to the TT group. Seven patients (2.7%) in the TT + PCND group and 19 (19.0%) in TT group had recurrent disease (p < 0.0001). Of the complications, only transient hypoparathyroidism was increased in TT + PCND group compared to TT group (26.7% vs 10%, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION TT + PCND performed by an experienced surgeon seems to decrease the number of LN recurrences, and the need for reoperations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Yazıcı
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical School, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | - Burçin Sağlam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Havva Sezer
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical School, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yersu Kapran
- Department of Pathology, Koç University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özlem Aydın
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Faruk Alagöl
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical School, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tarık Terzioğlu
- Section of General and Endocrine Surgery, American Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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17
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Sapalidis K, Papanastasiou A, Fyntanidou V, Aidoni Z, Michalopoulos N, Katsaounis A, Amaniti A, Zarogoulidis P, Koulouris C, Giannakidis D, Ioannidis A, Katsios IN, Romanidis K, Oikonomou P, Kesisoglou I, Kosmidis C. Comparison between Magnification Techniques and Direct Vision in Thyroid Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55110725. [PMID: 31683924 PMCID: PMC6915667 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55110725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The most common complications after conventional thyroid surgery in adult patients are recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury and hypocalcemia. Magnification techniques (surgical loupes or surgical microscope) are used for identification of RLN and parathyroid glands to diminish these complications although more evidence is necessary to assess their safety and efficacy in comparison with direct vision. Methods and Materials: Electronic databases (Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Scopus) as well as gray literature sources were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the frequency of transient/permanent RLN injury and hypocalcemia after thyroid surgery by using magnification techniques and direct vision for identification of RLN and parathyroid glands until October 17, 2019. The main outcomes were transient/permanent RLN injury and hypocalcemia. For all outcomes, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were used. Statistical analysis was performed with RevMan 5.3. Results: Systematic review and meta-analysis included 3 RCTs with 437 patients overall. Magnification techniques did not significantly affect the risk of occurrence of transient RLN injury (OR = 0.38, 95% CI (0.11-1.35), I2 = 0%) and transient hypocalcemia (OR = 0.31, 95% CI (0.09-1.09), I2 = 23%) compared with direct vision. Included RCTs demonstrated only two patients with permanent hypocalcemia and another one with permanent RLN injury, who belonged to the direct vision group. Conclusion: The use of magnification techniques for identification of RLN and parathyroid glands seems to be as safe as direct vision. However, they do not decrease the risk of RLN injury and transient hypocalcemia after thyroid surgery compared with direct vision. Finally, further prospective research should be conducted as the sample among the studies was small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Sapalidis
- rd Department of Surgery, ``AHEPA`` University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Anastasios Papanastasiou
- rd Department of Surgery, ``AHEPA`` University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Varvara Fyntanidou
- rd Department of Surgery, ``AHEPA`` University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Zoi Aidoni
- rd Department of Surgery, ``AHEPA`` University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos Michalopoulos
- rd Department of Surgery, ``AHEPA`` University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Athanasios Katsaounis
- rd Department of Surgery, ``AHEPA`` University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Aikaterini Amaniti
- Anesthisiology Department, ``AHEPA`` University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Paul Zarogoulidis
- rd Department of Surgery, ``AHEPA`` University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Charilaos Koulouris
- rd Department of Surgery, ``AHEPA`` University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios Giannakidis
- rd Department of Surgery, ``AHEPA`` University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Aris Ioannidis
- rd Department of Surgery, ``AHEPA`` University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Iason-Nikolaos Katsios
- rd Department of Surgery, ``AHEPA`` University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Romanidis
- Second Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Panagoula Oikonomou
- Second Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Isaak Kesisoglou
- rd Department of Surgery, ``AHEPA`` University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Christoforos Kosmidis
- rd Department of Surgery, ``AHEPA`` University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Gambardella C, Offi C, Clarizia G, Romano RM, Cozzolino I, Montella M, Di Crescenzo RM, Mascolo M, Cangiano A, Di Martino S, Candela G, Docimo G. Medullary thyroid carcinoma with double negative calcitonin and CEA: a case report and update of literature review. BMC Endocr Disord 2019; 19:103. [PMID: 31619220 PMCID: PMC6794852 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-019-0435-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medullary thyroid carcinoma is a malignant uncommon and aggressive tumour of the parafollicular C cells. In about 75% of cases it is sporadic while, in case of RET mutation, it is associated to multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (25% of cases). The biochemical features of medullary thyroid carcinoma include the production of calcitonin and carcinoembryogenic antigen. The above-mentioned features are useful in the diagnostic process as well as in the follow up and in the prognostication of the disease. Even if calcitonin elevation is strongly associated to MTC, it can also be found increased in many pathological different conditions as pregnancy, lactation, C-cells hyperplasia, autoimmune thyroiditis, end stage renal disease, lung and prostate cancer and several neuroendocrine tumours. Major medullary thyroid tumours are usually connected to high doses of circulating calcitonin, in fact non-secretory variants have hardly been described. CASE PRESENTATION We herein report the case of a 59 years old male, who had undergone total thyroidectomy for multinodular goiter with negative preoperative calcitonin, showing medullary thyroid carcinoma at definitive pathology. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case documenting a non-secretory medullary thyroid carcinoma, with double negative markers at the time of diagnosis and at the relapse. CONCLUSION A Literature review underlining pathological hypothesis, differential diagnosis and alternative and innovative biomarkers to identify non-secretory medullary thyroid carcinoma was carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Gambardella
- Division of Thyroid Surgery - Department of Medical and Advanced Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Cardiothoracic Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Offi
- Division of Thyroid Surgery - Department of Medical and Advanced Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Clarizia
- Division of Thyroid Surgery - Department of Medical and Advanced Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Maria Romano
- Division of Thyroid Surgery - Department of Medical and Advanced Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Immacolata Cozzolino
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive, Medicine University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, School of Medicine, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Montella
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive, Medicine University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, School of Medicine, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Di Crescenzo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Section, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Mascolo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Section, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Angelo Cangiano
- Division of Thyroid Surgery - Department of Medical and Advanced Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio Di Martino
- Division of Thyroid Surgery - Department of Medical and Advanced Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Candela
- Division of Thyroid Surgery - Department of Medical and Advanced Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Docimo
- Division of Thyroid Surgery - Department of Medical and Advanced Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Kelly A, Barres B, Kwiatkowski F, Batisse-Lignier M, Aubert B, Valla C, Somda F, Cachin F, Tauveron I, Maqdasy S. Age, thyroglobulin levels and ATA risk stratification predict 10-year survival rate of differentiated thyroid cancer patients. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221298. [PMID: 31425569 PMCID: PMC6699685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most common of endocrine cancers. Many studies have focused on recurrence-free survival of DTC patients, however, few studies have addressed overall survival rates. Given its very good prognosis, estimating overall or long-term survival in patients with DTC seems rational. So far, neither the impact of pre- and post-ablation thyroglobulin, nor that of initial American Thyroid Association (ATA) risk stratification on long-term disease-specific survival, have been sufficiently studied. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the factors that influence long-term disease-specific survival and thyroglobulin levels in patients with DTC who have been previously treated with thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine (RAI) remnant ablation. PATIENTS AND METHODS This observational retrospective study included 1093 patients who were treated for DTC between 1995 and 2010 and are still monitored in our tertiary center. Only patients who needed RAI ablation after thyroidectomy were included in this study. Patients who were treated with RAI following rhTSH stimulation, patients who presented positive anti-thyroglobulin antibodies, and patients who had micro-cancers were excluded. Pre-ablation stimulated thyroglobulin (Pre-ablation sTg) was measured after thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW), just before RAI. RESULTS According to ATA standards, 29 patients (2.7%) were classified as high-risk patients. Initial ATA high-recurrence risk rating (HR 21.9; 95% CI: 8.5-56.3), age>55 years (HR 23.8; 95%-CI: 7.5-75.3) and pre-ablation sTg≥30 μg/l (HR 8.4; 95% CI: 4.6-15.3) significantly impacted ten-year survival. Moreover, age over 45 years, ATA moderate-risk and follicular DTC were also significant. Ten-year survival was lower in ATA high-risk patients (51% vs 95% and 93% for the low and intermediate risk; p<10-7), patients older than 55 years (82% vs 98%; p<10-7), and in patients with pre-ablation sTg≥30 (78% vs 95%; p<10-7). Three rates of long-term survival were distinguished: excellent (survival rate of 99% in patients<55 years with pre-ablation sTg <30μg/l) representing 59% of the cohort, moderate (survival rate of 94.5% in patients <55 years with pre-ablation sTg ≥30μg/l or ≥55 years with pre-ablation sTg <30 μg/l) representing 38% of the cohort, and low (survival rate of 49% in patients ≥55 years with pre-ablation sTg ≥30μg/l) representing 3% of the cohort. CONCLUSION Initial ATA high-risk classification, age over 55 years old and pre-ablation sTg ≥30 μg/l are the main negative factors that influence the ten-year survival in DTC. We suggest three categories of overall survival rates. Patients older than 55 years with pre-ablation sTg ≥30 μg/l have the worst survival rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Kelly
- Service de médecine nucléaire, CLCC Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bertrand Barres
- Service de médecine nucléaire, CLCC Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- UMR INSERM 1240 "Molecular Imaging and Theranostic Strategy", Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Fabrice Kwiatkowski
- Département de recherche clinique, CLCC Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie Batisse-Lignier
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service d’endocrinologie, diabétologie et maladies métaboliques, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire GReD: UMR Université Clermont Auvergne-CNRS 6293, INSERM U1103, BP, Aubiere, France
| | - Bernadette Aubert
- Service de médecine nucléaire, CLCC Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Clémence Valla
- Service de médecine nucléaire, CLCC Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Somda
- Service de médecine nucléaire, CLCC Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Florent Cachin
- Service de médecine nucléaire, CLCC Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- UMR INSERM 1240 "Molecular Imaging and Theranostic Strategy", Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Faculté de Médecine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Igor Tauveron
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service d’endocrinologie, diabétologie et maladies métaboliques, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire GReD: UMR Université Clermont Auvergne-CNRS 6293, INSERM U1103, BP, Aubiere, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Faculté de Médecine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Salwan Maqdasy
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service d’endocrinologie, diabétologie et maladies métaboliques, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire GReD: UMR Université Clermont Auvergne-CNRS 6293, INSERM U1103, BP, Aubiere, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Faculté de Médecine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- * E-mail:
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Canu GL, Medas F, Longheu A, Boi F, Docimo G, Erdas E, Calò PG. Correlation between iPTH Levels on the First Postoperative Day After Total Thyroidectomy and Permanent Hypoparathyroidism: Our Experience. Open Med (Wars) 2019; 14:437-442. [PMID: 31231683 PMCID: PMC6572408 DOI: 10.1515/med-2019-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Permanent hypoparathyroidism is the most common long-term complication after thyroidectomy. We evaluated whether iPTH concentrations on the first postoperative day may be a good predictor of this complication. Patients undergoing thyroidectomy in our Unit between January 2017 and February 2018 who developed postsurgical hypoparathyroidism were analysed. According to iPTH values on the first postoperative day and on the basis of the detection threshold of the iPTH test used, patients were divided into 2 groups: Group A (iPTH < 6.3 pg/mL, undetectable), Group B (iPTH ≥ 6.3 pg/mL). Seventy-five patients were included in this study: 64 in Group A and 11 in Group B. Permanent hypoparathyroidism occurred in 14 (21.88%) patients in Group A, while none developed this complication in Group B. When iPTH was < 6.3 pg/mL, the sensitivity for the prediction of permanent hypoparathyroidism was 100%, the specificity was 18.03%, the positive predictive value was 21.88% and the negative predictive value was 100%. No patient with iPTH ≥ 6.3 pg/mL on the first postoperative day developed permanent hypoparathyroidism. On the other hand, iPTH concentrations < 6.3 pg/mL have not proved to be a strong predictor of this condition. However, this cut-off value can be useful to identify patients at risk of developing this complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Luigi Canu
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, "Policlinico Universitario Duilio Casula", 09042, Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Fabio Medas
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, "Policlinico Universitario Duilio Casula", 09042, Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Alessandro Longheu
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, "Policlinico Universitario Duilio Casula", 09042, Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Francesco Boi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Endocrinology Unit, "Policlinico Universitario Duilio Casula", 09042, Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Giovanni Docimo
- Department of General Surgery, General and Endocrine Surgical Unit, Second University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Enrico Erdas
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, "Policlinico Universitario Duilio Casula", 09042, Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Pietro Giorgio Calò
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, "Policlinico Universitario Duilio Casula", 09042, Monserrato (CA), Italy
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Gambardella C, Offi C, Patrone R, Clarizia G, Mauriello C, Tartaglia E, Di Capua F, Di Martino S, Romano RM, Fiore L, Conzo A, Conzo G, Docimo G. Calcitonin negative Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: a challenging diagnosis or a medical dilemma? BMC Endocr Disord 2019; 19:45. [PMID: 31142313 PMCID: PMC6541563 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-019-0367-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medullary thyroid carcinoma is a neuroendocrine tumor belonging form a malignant growth of the thyroid parafollicular C-cells, representing from 1 to 10% of all thyroid cancer. The biochemical activity of medullary thyroid carcinoma includes the production of calcitonin and carcinoembryogenic antigen, which are sensitive tumor markers, facilitating the diagnosis, follow-up and prognostication. The diagnosis is reached through the identification of high basal calcitonin serum level or after pentagastrin stimulation test. Medullary thyroid carcinoma is able to produce other relevant biomarkers as procalcitonin, carcinoembryionic antigen and chromogranin A. In Literature are described few cases of medullary thyroid carcinoma without elevation of serum calcitonin, an extremely rare event. The aim of this study was to analyse the presentation, the main features and therapeutic management of medullary thyroid carcinoma associated with negative serum calcitonin levels. METHODS Using the PubMed database, a systematic review of the current Literature was carried out, up to February 2018. Finally, nineteen articles met our inclusion criteria and were selected according to the modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale. RESULTS Fourty-nine patients with definitive pathology confirming medullary thyroid carcinoma and with calcitonin serum level in the normal range were identified (24 female, 24 male and not reported gender in 1 case). Mean age was 51.7 years. Serum calcitonin levels were reported for 20 patients with a mean value of 8.66 pg/mL and a range of 0.8-38 pg/mL. Despite the low or undetectable calcitonin serum level, at immunochemistry in almost the half of the cases reported by the Authors, the tumors presented diffuse or focal positivity for calcitonin and carcinoembryionic antigen, while was reported a chromogranin A positivity in 41 of the 43 tested patients. CONCLUSIONS Calcitonin negative medullary thyroid carcinoma is an extremely rare pathology. The diagnosis and the surveillance is often challenging and delayed, due to the lack of elevation of serum markers as calcitonin and carcinoembryionic antigen. Further studies are needed, to better define options for management of non secretory medullary thyroid carcinoma and to identify new and reliable biomarkers associated to diagnosis and relapse of this medical dilemma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Gambardella
- Division of General and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Offi
- Division of General and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Renato Patrone
- Division of General and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Clarizia
- Division of General and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Mauriello
- Division of General and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ernesto Tartaglia
- Division of General and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Capua
- Division of General and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio Di Martino
- Division of General and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Maria Romano
- Division of General and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Fiore
- Division of General and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Conzo
- Division of General and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Conzo
- Division of General and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Docimo
- Division of General and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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22
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Gambardella C, Patrone R, Di Capua F, Offi C, Mauriello C, Clarizia G, Andretta C, Polistena A, Sanguinetti A, Calò P, Docimo G, Avenia N, Conzo G. The role of prophylactic central compartment lymph node dissection in elderly patients with differentiated thyroid cancer: a multicentric study. BMC Surg 2019; 18:110. [PMID: 31074400 PMCID: PMC7402571 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-018-0433-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prophylactic central neck lymph-nodes dissection is still a topic of major debate in Literature. There is a lack of randomized controlled trials proving advantages in its application in terms of overall survival and local recurrence. Due to the recent rapid increase of elderly population, differentiated tumor carcinoma diagnosis increased in patients over 65 years old. The aim of this study was to compare recurrence rate, complications rate and histological features of tumors in elderly population. METHODS A retrospective study was carried out collecting data from 371 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer without clinical evidence of lymph-nodes involvement in three Italian referral centers from 2005 to 2015. All patients were aged ≥ 65 years and were divided in two groups based on the performed surgery (total thyroidectomy alone or associated with central lymph-nodes dissection). Moreover, patients were stratified according to the age between 65 and 74 years old and over 75 years old. RESULTS Total thyroidectomy alone was performed in 184 patients (group A) and total thyroidectomy with prophylactic central neck dissection was performed in 187 cases (group B). There was a statistically significant difference in complications between the groups in terms of neck hematoma (0.5% group A vs 3.7% group B), temporary hypoparathyroidism (11.4% group A vs 21.4% group B), and temporary unilateral recurrent nerve injury (1.5% group A vs 6.4% group B). Lymph nodes recurrence rate was 9.2% in group A and 8.5% in group B, with no statistically significant difference. There was a statistically significant difference in patients over 75 years old in terms of temporary hypoparathyroidism (24% group A vs 11% group B), permanent hypoparathyroidism (2,7% group A vs 0,3% group B) and recurrent nerve injury (9,5% group A vs 2% group B). CONCLUSIONS The role of prophylactic central neck dissection is still controversial, especially in elderly patients, and an aggressive surgical approach should be carefully evaluated. The Authors reported a similar low recurrence rate between total thyroidectomy and total thyroidectomy associated with prophylactic central neck dissection, with increased postoperative complications in the lymphadenectomy group and in patients over 75 years old, advocating a tailored surgical approach in elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Gambardella
- Division of General and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Traslational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Renato Patrone
- Division of General and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Traslational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Capua
- Division of General and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Traslational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Offi
- Division of General and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Traslational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Mauriello
- Division of General and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Traslational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Clarizia
- Division of General and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Traslational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Andretta
- Division of General and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Traslational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Polistena
- Endocrine Surgery Unit, University of Perugia, Piazza dell'Università, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sanguinetti
- Endocrine Surgery Unit, University of Perugia, Piazza dell'Università, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Pietrogiorgio Calò
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Docimo
- Division of General and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Traslational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Avenia
- Endocrine Surgery Unit, University of Perugia, Piazza dell'Università, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Conzo
- Division of General and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Traslational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
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Liu Y, Li L, Yu J, Fan YX, Lu XB. Carbon nanoparticle lymph node tracer improves the outcomes of surgical treatment in papillary thyroid cancer. Cancer Biomark 2019; 23:227-233. [PMID: 30198867 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-181386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common thyroid malignancy which is generally accompanied by lymph node metastasis. OBJECTIVE Our study evaluated whether carbon nanoparticle lymph node tracer can improve the outcomes of surgical treatment in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). METHODS Ninety-two patients were selected and underwent total thyroidectomy and lymph node resection. Our study placed 45 individuals into the treatment group (carbon nanoparticle group) and 47 cohorts in the control group (no carbon nanoparticle group). RESULTS Carbon nanoparticle application remarkably improved lymph nodes detection rate in patients (4.7 ± 3.0; P< 0.05) compared to those in control groups (3.5 ± 2.3). The rate of parathyroid accidental resection in the carbon nanoparticle group significantly decreased (6.67%) compared to the control group (21.28%). Incidents of hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcaemia significantly decreased among the carbon nanoparticle cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Our study definitively showed that carbon nanoparticles can be used to effectively treat lymphatic carcinoma. Our study presented clinical evidences for potential application of carbon nanoparticle in improving the management of PTC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China.,Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China.,Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Ultrasonagraphy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Yu-Xia Fan
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Xiu-Bo Lu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
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Lyu YJ, Shen F, Yan Y, Situ MZ, Wu WZ, Jiang GQ, Chen YY. Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules <10 mm in the maximum diameter: does size matter? Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:1231-1236. [PMID: 30799950 PMCID: PMC6369843 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s189358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (US-FNAB) is a safe and effective method of screening malignant thyroid nodules such as papillary thyroid carcinoma. However, not much data are available regarding the diagnostic efficacy of US-FNAB for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (≤10 mm in diameter). We aim to compare the diagnostic efficacy of US-FNAB on thyroid nodules between two groups divided by a diameter of 10 mm by correlating the cytological results of US-FNAB with the histopathologic diagnoses in selected patients. Patients and methods Eight hundred twenty-two thyroid nodules (Group A: diameter ≤10 mm, n=620; Group B: diameter >10 mm, n=202) from 797 patients treated between March 2014 and June 2017 were retrospectively evaluated. Only nodules with Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TIRADS) categories 4–6 were enrolled and sampled by US-FNAB, followed by surgical resection. Results According to The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) diagnostic categories, 94 thyroid nodules were classified as I, III and IV, and were excluded from the analysis. The resultant 728 thyroid nodules from 721 patients were analyzed. The malignant tendency (TBSRTC V and VI) rates on US-FNAB were 88.2% and 84.6% (P=0.202) in Group A and Group B, respectively, and the malignant rates were 89.5% and 86.9% (P=0.330), respectively, on histopathology. There was a high concordance between cytology and histopathology diagnoses (kappa value =0.797), and no statistical difference in terms of US-FNAB accuracy was found between the two groups (P=0.533). Conclusion For thyroid nodules of TIRADS category 4–6, the diagnostic efficacy of US-FNAB is similar for thyroid nodules either smaller or greater than 10 mm in their maximum diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jun Lyu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Eastern Hospital, Ningbo 315040, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Taipei Medical University Ningbo Medical Center, Ningbo 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery's Spine Division, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yun Yan
- Department of Ultrasound, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Eastern Hospital, Ningbo 315040, Zhejiang, China, .,Department of Ultrasound, Taipei Medical University Ningbo Medical Center, Ningbo 315040, Zhejiang, China,
| | - Ming-Zhu Situ
- Department of Ultrasound, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Eastern Hospital, Ningbo 315040, Zhejiang, China, .,Department of Ultrasound, Taipei Medical University Ningbo Medical Center, Ningbo 315040, Zhejiang, China,
| | - Wei-Zhu Wu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Eastern Hospital, Ningbo 315040, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Taipei Medical University Ningbo Medical Center, Ningbo 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery's Spine Division, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ya-Ya Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Eastern Hospital, Ningbo 315040, Zhejiang, China, .,Department of Ultrasound, Taipei Medical University Ningbo Medical Center, Ningbo 315040, Zhejiang, China,
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Lee DH, Lee YH, Seo HS, Lee KY, Suh S, Ryoo I, You S, Kim B, Yang K. Dual‐energy CT iodine quantification for characterizing focal thyroid lesions. Head Neck 2018; 41:1024-1031. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.25524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Do Hyung Lee
- Department of RadiologyAnsan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine Ansan Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hen Lee
- Department of RadiologyAnsan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine Ansan Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Suk Seo
- Department of RadiologyAnsan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine Ansan Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Yeol Lee
- Department of RadiologyAnsan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine Ansan Republic of Korea
| | - Sang‐il Suh
- Department of RadiologyGuro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Inseon Ryoo
- Department of RadiologyGuro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sung‐Hye You
- Department of RadiologyAnam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Byungjun Kim
- Department of RadiologyAnam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung‐Sook Yang
- Department of BiostatisticsKorea University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
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Myssiorek D, Ahmed Y, Parsikia A, Castaldi M, McNelis J. Factors predictive of the development of surgical site infection in thyroidectomy – An analysis of NSQIP database. Int J Surg 2018; 60:273-278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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27
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Cheng X, Feng H, Chen L, Jin Z, Shao T, Wang Y, Liang J, Sun H, Yang W, Zhao R, Shen B, Kuang J, Yan J, Qiu W. Intraoperative carbon nanoparticles mapping in secondary total thyroidectomy for recurrent thyroid nodules: Results of a 8-criterion case-match study (case control study). Int J Surg 2018; 60:210-215. [PMID: 30472362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extent of total thyroidectomy in the management of multinodular goiter remains unclear. Compared to primary thyroidectomy, secondary total thyroidectomy is more difficult to perform and carries a significantly higher risk of postoperative complications such as recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy or hypoparathyroidism. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intraoperative carbon nanoparticle (CN) mapping in patients undergoing secondary total thyroidectomy. METHODS We performed a case-matched analysis of a prospectively maintained database using 8 specific criteria to compare perioperative outcomes after primary total thyroidectomy to those after secondary total thyroidectomy with intraoperative CN mapping. The criteria included age, sex, operative procedure, RLN/parathyroid glands (PGs) exploration, preoperative vocal cord calcium abnormalities, and pathological results. Thirty-five patients underwent secondary total thyroidectomy with intraoperative CN mapping due to recurrent thyroid nodules or development of nodules suspicious for malignancy after subtotal thyroidectomy. Fifty exact matches for all 8 criteria were identified from the database in our previous study, which included records of 3078 primary thyroidectomies without CNs. Perioperative outcomes, surgical technique, and complications were analyzed. RESULTS The RLNs were successfully identified in all 35 patients. Among three patients that experienced slight hoarseness, one had an RLN end-to-end anastomosis with subsequent improvement in the during the 12-month follow-up period. Two patients experienced changes in vocal tone, but recovered after several months. Two patients underwent parathyroid auto-transplantations, and subsequently presented with transient hypocalcaemia. Their symptoms gradually remitted within one year. Except for mean operation time, there were no statistically significant differences in complications between the primary total thyroidectomies and the secondary total thyroidectomy with CNs. CONCLUSIONS Intraoperative CN mapping, expert knowledge of the jugular anatomy, and standardized resection procedures can minimize the incidence of complications such as RLN palsy and hypoparathyroidism after secondary total thyroidectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China; Department of General Surgery, Ruijin North Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201801, China
| | - Haoran Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Lingxie Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhijian Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Tanglei Shao
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Juyong Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hanxin Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Weiping Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ren Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China; Department of General Surgery, Ruijin North Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201801, China
| | - Baiyong Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jie Kuang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Jiqi Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Weihua Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Yan B, Hou Y, Chen D, He J, Jiang Y. Risk factors for contralateral central lymph node metastasis in unilateral cN0 papillary thyroid carcinoma: A meta-analysis. Int J Surg 2018; 59:90-98. [PMID: 30342280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central lymph node metastasis(CLNM) is common in papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC). LNM is related to local recurrence and adverse prognosis. The extent of prophylactic central lymph node dissection(pCLND) is not well defined. We aim to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for contralateral central lymph node metastasis (CCLNM) in unilateral clinical node-negative (cN0) PTC patients to determine the appropriate extent of pCLND. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed and Embase databases until May 2018. Published studies that estimated the association between clinicopathologic factors and CCLNM were included. RESULTS A total of 6 studies involving 1399 patients were included. The prevalence of CCLNM was 10.9% in all patients. The pooled analysis revealed that male gender (pooled OR = 1.67, 95%CI = 1.11-2.53, p = 0.015), age<45years (pooled OR = 1.97, 95%CI = 1.37-2.85, p < 0.001), lymphovasular invasion (pooled OR = 4.23, 95%CI = 2.25-7.98, p < 0.001), extrathyroid invasion (pooled OR = 1.75, 95%CI = 1.08-2.83, p = 0.023), and ipsilateral CLNM (pooled OR = 12.26, 95%CI = 7.27-20.67, p < 0.001) were significant risk factors for CCLNM. While tumor size>1 cm (pooled OR = 3.39, 95%CI = 0.83-13.88, P = 0.090), capsular invasion (pooled OR = 1.28, 95%CI = 0.79-2.06, p = 0.313), extrathyroid extension (pooled OR = 1.49, 95%CI = 0.86-2.56, p = 0.152), and MACIS≥6 (pooled OR = 1.08, 95%CI = 0.51-2.26, p = 0.844) were not significantly associated with CCLNM. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis identified that male gender, age<45years, lymphovasular invasion, extrathyroid invasion and ipsilateral CLNM were significant risk factors for CCLNM. These findings may guide the extent of pCLND in unilateral cN0 PTC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingchen Hou
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianye He
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yu Jiang
- School of Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Jin WX, Ye DR, Sun YH, Zhou XF, Wang OC, Zhang XH, Cai YF. Prediction of central lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma according to clinicopathologic factors and thyroid nodule sonographic features: a case-control study. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:3237-3243. [PMID: 30233240 PMCID: PMC6130265 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s169741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preoperative diagnosis of central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) poses to be a challenge in clinical node-negative papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). This research work aims at investigating the association existing between BRAF mutation, clinicopathological factors, ultrasound characteristics, and CLNM, in addition to establishing a predictive model for CLNM in PTMC. Materials and methods The study included 673 PTMC patients, already undergone total thyroidectomy or lobectomy with prophylactic central lymph node dissection. The predictor factors were identified through univariate and multivariate analyses. The support vector machine was put to use to develop statistical models, which could predict CLNM on the basis of independent predictors. Results Tumor size (>5 mm), lower location, no well-defined margin, contact of >25% with the adjacent capsule, display of enlarged lymph nodes, and BRAF mutation were independent predictors of CLNM. Through the use of the predictive model, 79.6% of the patients were classified accurately, the sensitivity and specificity amounted to be 85.1% and 75.8%, respectively, and the positive predictive value and negative predictive value stood at 71.6% and 87.6%, respectively. Conclusions We established a predictive model in order to predict CLNM preoperatively in PTMC when preoperative diagnosis of CLNM was not clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xu Jin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325000, China.,Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325000, China, ;
| | - Dan-Rong Ye
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325000, China, ;
| | - Yi-Han Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325000, China, ;
| | - Xiao-Fen Zhou
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325000, China, ;
| | - Ou-Chen Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325000, China, ;
| | - Xiao-Hua Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325000, China, ;
| | - Ye-Feng Cai
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325000, China, ;
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Gu Y, Yang N, Yin L, Feng C, Liu T. Inhibitory roles of miR‑9 on papillary thyroid cancer through targeting BRAF. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:965-972. [PMID: 29767243 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA‑9 (miR‑9) is reported to be underexpressed in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) tissues; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the implication of miR‑9 in PTC have yet to be elucidated. The present study aimed to explore the potential roles of miR‑9 in PTC. PTC tissue samples and paired non‑cancerous adjacent tissues were collected from 60 patients with PTC. The human TPC‑1 thyroid gland papillary carcinoma cell line was used to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the roles of miR‑9 in PTC. The levels of miR‑9 and its downstream target gene BRAF were detected through reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. MTT assay and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate cell viability and apoptosis, respectively. A mouse xenograft tumor model was established to observe the effects of miR‑9 on thyroid gland tumorigenesis in vivo. The present study revealed that the expression of miR‑9 was significantly reduced in PTC tissues compared with paired normal tissues. In addition, miR‑9 upregulation suppressed the expression of BRAF in TPC‑1 cells in vitro. Luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that BRAF may be a direct target gene of miR‑9 in TPC‑1 cells. In addition, following transfection with miR‑9 mimics, the viability of TPC‑1 cells was suppressed and their apoptosis was enhanced; conversely, transfection with miR‑9 inhibitor exerted the opposite effects in vitro. miR‑9 overexpression or downregulation also affected in vivo PTC tumorigenesis in athymic mice. The present findings suggested that miR‑9 may suppress the viability of PTC cells and inhibit tumor growth through directly targeting the expression of BRAF in PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gu
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Nan Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
| | - Leping Yin
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Chao Feng
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Tong Liu
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
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Medas F, Erdas E, Canu GL, Longheu A, Pisano G, Tuveri M, Calò PG. Does hyperthyroidism worsen prognosis of thyroid carcinoma? A retrospective analysis on 2820 consecutive thyroidectomies. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018; 47:6. [PMID: 29357932 PMCID: PMC5778700 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-018-0254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperthyroidism is associated with high incidence of thyroid carcinoma; furthermore, tumors arisen in hyperthyroid tissue show an aggressive behavior. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and Thyroid-stimulating antibodies, present in Graves’s disease, seem to play a key role in carcinogenesis and tumoral growth. Methods We retrospectively reviewed our series of patients who underwent thyroidectomy for thyroid carcinoma. We compared pathological features and surgical outcomes of hyperthyroid versus euthyroid patients. Results From 2007 to 2015, 909 thyroidectomies were performed at our institution for thyroid cancer: 87 patients were hyperthyroid and 822 euthyroid. We observed, in hyperthyroid patients, a higher rate of transient hypoparathyroidism (28.1% vs 13.2%; p < 0.01) and of node metastases (12.6% vs 6.1%; p = 0.03); also local recurrence rate was higher (5.7% vs 2.5%) even if not statistically significant (p = 0.17). Five-year disease free survival rate was significant lower in the same group (89.1% vs 96.6%; p = 0.03). Conclusion Thyroid cancers in hyperthyroid patients have an aggressive behavior, with high incidence of local invasion and a worse prognosis than euthyroid patients. All hyperthyroid patients should undergo a careful evaluation with ultrasound and scintigraphy; in case of suspicious nodules, an aggressive approach, including thyroidectomy and lymphectomy, is justified. In patients with toxic adenoma, thyroid cancer is uncommon, thus a loboisthmectomy can be safely performed. Trial registration number Research registry n. 2670 registered 19 June 2017 (retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Medas
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS554, Bivio Sestu, 09042, Monserrato (CA), Italy.
| | - Ernico Erdas
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS554, Bivio Sestu, 09042, Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Canu
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS554, Bivio Sestu, 09042, Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Alessandro Longheu
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS554, Bivio Sestu, 09042, Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pisano
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS554, Bivio Sestu, 09042, Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Massimiliano Tuveri
- Istituto Pancreas, Policlinico Borgo Roma, AOUI Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Pietro Giorgio Calò
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS554, Bivio Sestu, 09042, Monserrato (CA), Italy
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Dobrinja C, Troian M, Cipolat Mis T, Rebez G, Bernardi S, Fabris B, Piscopello L, Makovac P, Di Gregorio F, de Manzini N. Rationality in prophylactic central neck dissection in clinically node-negative (cN0) papillary thyroid carcinoma: Is there anything more to say? A decade experience in a single-center. Int J Surg 2018; 41 Suppl 1:S40-S47. [PMID: 28506412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.01.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common thyroid malignancy. Despite its extremely favorable prognosis, cervical lymph node metastases are a common feature of PTC and a known independent risk factor for local recurrence. However, the role of prophylactic central neck dissection (PCND) remains a matter of debate in patients with clinically node-negative (cN0) PTC. To better clarify the current role of PCND in the surgical treatment of PTC, evaluating advantages and disadvantages of PCND and outcome of cN0 PTC patients who have been treated with either total thyroidectomy alone or in combination with PCND. A review of recent literature data is performed. METHODS Between January 2000 and December 2015, 186 consecutive patients with cN0 PTC were identified to be included in the present study. 74 of these underwent total thyroidectomy associated with PCND, while 112 patients underwent total thyroidectomy alone. The epidemiological and clinical-pathological data of all patients included were collected at diagnosis and during follow-up. RESULTS Overall complication rate was significantly higher in the group of patients undergoing PCND (39.2% vs. 17.8%, p = 0.0006). To be specific, they presented a considerably increased risk of temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve injury (p = 0.009) and of permanent hypothyroidism (p = 0.016). Overall survival and recurrence rates did not differ between those undergoing PCND and those undergoing total thyroidectomy alone (p = 1.000 and p = 0.715, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study do not support the routine use of PCND in the treatment of cN0 PTC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dobrinja
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume, 34149, Trieste, Italy.
| | - M Troian
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - T Cipolat Mis
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - G Rebez
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - S Bernardi
- SS Endocrinologia (UCO Medicina Clinica), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Trieste, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - B Fabris
- SS Endocrinologia (UCO Medicina Clinica), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Trieste, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - L Piscopello
- Division of Endocrinology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Trieste, Maggiore Hospital, Piazza dell'Ospitale, Trieste, Italy
| | - P Makovac
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - F Di Gregorio
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Ospedale S. Misericordia Udine, Italy
| | - N de Manzini
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume, 34149, Trieste, Italy
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Casella C, Ministrini S, Galani A, Mastriale F, Cappelli C, Portolani N. The New TNM Staging System for Thyroid Cancer and the Risk of Disease Downstaging. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:541. [PMID: 30279679 PMCID: PMC6153343 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In October 2016 the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) published the 8th edition of the AJCC/TNM cancer staging system and it has been introduced in clinical practice since 1st January 2018. The effect of most of the changes in the new edition was the downstaging of a significant number of patients into lower stages, reflecting their low risk of thyroid cancer-related death. One of the most relevant modification refers to the role of the microscopic extra-thyroidal tumor invasion, which is no longer considered as criterion for the classification of T3 tumors. With the present study we want to assess the impact of the changes of the new staging system and therefore we analyzed or casistic of 84 T1-T3 thyroid-cancer patients. The results of our analysis show that he downstaging of patients according to the 8th TNM edition does not necessarily reflect less aggressive disease: we actually reported 2 lymph-nodal recurrences (40%) in the five patients that were downstaged from pT3 to pT2 and the lypmh-nodal recurrence rate for stage I rises from 0% with the 7th TNM edition to 5.3% with the 8th edition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Casella
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Claudio Casella
| | - Silvia Ministrini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Galani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Mastriale
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Carlo Cappelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nazario Portolani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Hang J, Li F, Qiao XH, Ye XH, Li A, Du LF. Combination of Maximum Shear Wave Elasticity Modulus and TIRADS Improves the Diagnostic Specificity in Characterizing Thyroid Nodules: A Retrospective Study. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:4923050. [PMID: 30402095 PMCID: PMC6198550 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4923050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study is aimed at evaluating the diagnostic value of combining shear wave elastography (SWE) parameters and the thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TIRADS) for differentiating between benign and malignant thyroid nodules. METHODS Patients who underwent conventional ultrasonography (US) and SWE before surgery were enrolled in the current study. Each nodule was given a TIRADS risk score. The effectiveness of the SWE parameters was assessed by odds ratios (ORs). The SWE scoring risk stratification was proposed beyond 95% probability, and the desired values were obtained according to the log-normal distribution. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUC) was used to compare the diagnostic performance between TIRADS-alone and TIRADS + SWE. RESULTS A total of 262 patients with 298 thyroid nodules were enrolled in our study. The pathological analyses were conducted on 121 benign and 177 malignant nodules. The AUC values for TIRADS-alone and TIRADS + SWE were 0.896 (accuracy 83.2%) and 0.917 (accuracy 84.2%), respectively. However, the TIRADS + SWE scores showed a higher specificity (88.4%) and positive predictive value (91.2%) as compared with the TIRADS-alone of 73.6% and 83.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Combining SWE and TIRADS improves the specificity of TIRADS-alone in differentiating between benign and malignant thyroid nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Xiao-hui Qiao
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Xin-hua Ye
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ao Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lian-fang Du
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, China
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Guo K, Zheng X, Li D, Wu Y, Ji Q, Wang Z. Cost-effectiveness analysis in papillary thyroid carcinoma patients with different neck dissection strategy: A retrospective cohort study. Int J Surg 2017; 50:1-5. [PMID: 29278752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are two surgical strategies for bilateral neck dissection (BND), simultaneous and two-stage operations. The aim of the study was to compare the cost-effectiveness BND with this two operations in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Consecutive PTC patients undergoing BND were studied retrospectively, and were classified into simultaneous group (Group A) and two-stage group (Group B). Demographic, medical costs, complication and surgical variables were recorded. RESULTS This study included 256 PTC patients, of which 175 (68.4%) underwent simultaneous BND and 81 (31.6%) patients underwent two-stage. Patients in Group B spent almost twice as much on medical costs as patients in Group A ($4145.3 vs. $7352.5). Group A patients also had shorter hospital stays (11.71 ± 5.12 vs. 23.10 ± 7.11, P < .0001) and surgery times (203.61 ± 61.43min vs. 279.58 ± 71.59min, P < .0001). The average radioactive iodine therapy delay was 67 days in Group B. There was no significant difference in complications (34 vs. 18, P = .605) or disease-free-survival (93.71% vs. 90.12%, P = .243) between the two groups. No difference was found in rates of recurrent laryngeal nerve invasion/resection (12 vs. 11, P = .08; 10 vs. 6, P = .353) or tracheotomy (32 vs. 14, P = .846). However, internal jugular vein invasions were more common in patients with two-stage BND (7 vs. 9, P = .029). CONCLUSION Simultaneous BND is the most cost-effective strategy for the management of PTC patients without bilateral internal jugular veins invasion, due to lower treatment cost and the ability to avoid RAI delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Guo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, China; Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, China; Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Duanshu Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, China; Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, China; Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qinghai Ji
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, China; Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhuoying Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, China; Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Evaluating the effectiveness of prophylactic central neck dissection with total thyroidectomy for cN0 papillary thyroid carcinoma: An updated meta-analysis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2017; 43:1989-2000. [PMID: 28807633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of prophylactic central neck dissection (pCND) following total thyroidectomy (TT) in patients with clinical node-negative (cN0) papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is still controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the outcome of pCND and to provide quantitative evidence. METHOD A detailed literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, ClinicalTrails.gov and Cochrane Library electronic databases for articles published up to October 2016 was carried out. This meta-analysis was performed by the random method (Mantel-Haenszel) model. Locoregional recurrence (LRR) and surgical complications were analyzed. RESULTS Twenty-two studies comparing pCND + TT (combined) and TT alone in cN0 PTC patients were analyzed. A total of 6930 cases were enrolled, including 2381 cases in the combined group and 4009 cases in the TT-alone group. Compared with TT alone, patients in the combined group showed a significantly lower rate of overall LRR (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.48-0.89) and central compartment recurrence (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.22-0.73). There was no statistical difference in the rate of lateral compartment recurrence. However, the combined group showed a significantly higher rate of temporary and permanent hypoparathyroidism (OR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.92-2.27/OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.15-2.95) and temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve injury (LNR) (OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.08-2.16). There was no statistical difference in the rate of permanent LNR, hematoma, hemorrhage or wound infection. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis revealed that pCND with TT was a significantly efficient way to reduce the risk of LRR. However, pCND + TT increased the incidence rate of temporary and permanent hypoparathyroidism and temporary LNR.
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Swallowing disorders after thyroidectomy: What we know and where we are. A systematic review. Int J Surg 2017; 41 Suppl 1:S94-S102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Calò PG, Lombardi CP, Podda F, Sessa L, Santini L, Conzo G. Role of prophylactic central neck dissection in clinically node-negative differentiated thyroid cancer: assessment of the risk of regional recurrence. Updates Surg 2017; 69:241-248. [PMID: 28409443 DOI: 10.1007/s13304-017-0438-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prophylactic central neck dissection in clinically node-negative patients remains controversial. The aim of this multicenter retrospective study was to determine the rate of metastases in the central neck in clinically node-negative differentiated thyroid cancer patients, to examine the morbidity, and to assess the risk of regional recurrence in patients treated with total thyroidectomy with concomitant bilateral or ipsilateral central neck dissection compared with those undergoing total thyroidectomy alone. 258 consecutive clinically node-negative patients were divided into three groups according to the procedures performed: total thyroidectomy only (group A), total thyroidectomy with concomitant ipsilateral central neck dissection (group B), and total thyroidectomy combined with bilateral central neck dissection (group C). Mean operative time and postoperative stay were shorter in Group A (p < 0.01). The incidence of postoperative transient hypoparathyroidism was lower in Group A (p = 0.03), whereas no differences in the incidence of permanent hypoparathyroidism and nerve palsy were present. Postoperative radioactive iodine administration was higher in group B and particularly C (p = 0.03) compared with group A. There were no statistically significant differences in terms of regional recurrence. Differentiated thyroid cancer has a high rate of central lymph node metastasis even in clinically node-negative patients; in the present study there was no statistically significant difference in the rates of locoregional recurrence between the three modalities of treatment. Total thyroidectomy appears to be an adequate treatment for clinically node-negative differentiated thyroid cancer. Prophylactic central neck dissection might be considered for differentiated thyroid cancer patients with large tumor size or extrathyroidal extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Giorgio Calò
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, S.S. 554, Bivio Sestu, Monserrato, 09042, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Celestino Pio Lombardi
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, "Agostino Gemelli" School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Podda
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, S.S. 554, Bivio Sestu, Monserrato, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luca Sessa
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, "Agostino Gemelli" School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Santini
- Division of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, School of Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Conzo
- Division of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, School of Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
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The Factors Involved in Bilateral Central Lymph Node Metastasis of Isthmus Papillary Thyroid Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3342/kjorl-hns.2016.17335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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