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Kekäläinen T, Luchetti M, Terracciano A, Gamaldo AA, Sliwinski MJ, Sutin AR. Momentary Associations Between Physical Activity, Affect, and Purpose in Life. Ann Behav Med 2024:kaae051. [PMID: 39231442 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaae051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity is associated with both the hedonic (e.g., affect) and eudaimonic (e.g., purpose in life) aspects of well-being. While there is evidence linking momentary physical activity and affect in daily life, the examination of momentary purpose remains largely unexplored. PURPOSE This study investigates the bidirectional associations between physical activity, positive and negative affect, and momentary purpose using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) and accelerometer data. METHODS Middle-aged participants (40-70 years old, n = 291) wore accelerometers and completed three daily EMA surveys on momentary experiences for 8 consecutive days. Physical activity (active time and counts) from 20- to 60-min periods before and after EMA surveys were used in the analyses. Multilevel models were adjusted for temporal and contextual factors, age, sex, education, work status, and race/ethnicity. RESULTS When participants were more physically active than usual, they reported feeling more purpose-driven and positive affect. Similarly, when participants reported feeling more purpose-driven or experiencing positive affect, they engaged in more physical activity in the subsequent time period. These associations were similar for physical activity from 20- to 60-min periods before and after the EMA survey. Physical activity and negative affect were not related in either direction. CONCLUSIONS In middle-aged adults' daily lives, physical activity has bidirectional relations with purpose and positive affect. This study highlights the dynamic associations between physical activity and the positive aspects of both hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Future interventions or public health programs should integrate physical activity and mental well-being to maximize mutual benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiia Kekäläinen
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Martina Luchetti
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Antonio Terracciano
- Department of Geriatrics, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | | | - Martin J Sliwinski
- Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA
| | - Angelina R Sutin
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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Seiferth C, Fiedler J, Färber T, Pape M, Schroeder S, Herpertz S, Steins-Loeber S, Wolstein J. Bi-directional associations of core affect and physical activity in adults with higher body weight: An ecological momentary assessment study. J Health Psychol 2024; 29:1115-1128. [PMID: 38284358 PMCID: PMC11344957 DOI: 10.1177/13591053241228202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Affect is known to be predictive of and enhanced by higher physical activity (PA) levels in the general population. This secondary analysis aimed to increase the understanding of the bi-directional relationship between PA and core affect (i.e. valence, energetic arousal, and calmness) among adults with higher body weight. Affect and PA were assessed in naturalistic settings via ecological momentary assessment using a mixed sampling scheme from 157 participants (body mass index: 32.99 ± 3.78 kg/m2). Multilevel models revealed that being more physically active in the 15 minutes prior to the assessment predicted an increase in energetic arousal and a decrease in calmness. Subsequently, feeling more energetic and agitated was associated with increased PA within the following 15 minutes. Valence (i.e. pleasure-displeasure) was not associated with PA nor predictive of subsequent PA. Digital PA interventions may target the enhancement of feelings of energy and present psychoeducation about these distinct psychological benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Magdalena Pape
- LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
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Timm I, Giurgiu M, Ebner-Priemer U, Reichert M. The Within-Subject Association of Physical Behavior and Affective Well-Being in Everyday Life: A Systematic Literature Review. Sports Med 2024; 54:1667-1705. [PMID: 38705972 PMCID: PMC11239742 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interplay of physical activity (PA) with affective well-being (AWB) is highly critical to both health behaviors and health outcomes. Current prominent theories presume AWB to be crucial for PA maintenance, and PA is evidenced to foster mental health. However, thus far, PA-AWB associations have mainly been researched in laboratory settings and with interventional designs, but the everyday life perspective had not been focused on, mostly due to technological limitations. In the course of digitization, the number of studies using device-based methods to research the within-subject association of physical activity and affective well-being (PA-AWB) under ecological valid conditions increased rapidly, but a recent comprehensive systematic review of evidence across populations, age groups, and distinct AWB components remained inconclusive. OBJECTIVES Therefore, we aimed to firstly review daily-life studies that assessed intensive longitudinal device-based (e.g., electronic smartphone diaries and accelerometry) and real-time PA-AWB data, secondly to develop and apply a quality assessment tool applicable to those studies, and thirdly to discuss findings and draw implications for research and practice. METHODS To this end, the literature was searched in three databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus) up to November 2022. The systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines and had been pre-registered (PROSPERO id: CRD42021277327). A modified quality assessment tool was developed to illustrate the risk of bias of included studies. RESULTS The review of findings showed that, in general, already short PA bouts in everyday life, which clearly differ from structured exercise sessions, are positively associated with AWB. In particular, feelings of energy relate to incidental (non-exercise and unstructured) activity, and PA-AWB associations depend on population characteristics. The quality assessment revealed overall moderate study quality; however, the methods applied were largely heterogeneous between investigations. Overall, the reviewed evidence on PA-AWB associations in everyday life is ambiguous; for example, no clear patterns of directions and strengths of PA-AWB relationships depending on PA and AWB components (such as intensity, emotions, affect, mood) emerged. CONCLUSIONS The reviewed evidence can fuel discussions on whether the World Health Organization's notion "every move counts" may be extended to everyday life AWB. Concurrently, the PA-AWB relationship findings endorse prominent theories highlighting the critical role of AWB in everyday PA engagement and maintenance. However, the review also clearly highlights the need to advance and harmonize methodological approaches for more fine-grained investigations on which specific PA/AWB characteristics, contextual factors, and biological determinants underly PA-AWB associations in everyday life. This will enable the field to tackle pressing challenges such as the issue of causality of PA-AWB associations, which will help to shape and refine existing theories to ultimately predict and improve health behavior, thereby feeding into precision medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Timm
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hertzstr. 16, 76187, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Marco Giurgiu
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hertzstr. 16, 76187, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ulrich Ebner-Priemer
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hertzstr. 16, 76187, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Markus Reichert
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hertzstr. 16, 76187, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
- Department of eHealth and Sports Analytics, Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Gesundheitscampus-Nord 10, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
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Jekauc D, Gürdere C, Englert C, Strobach T, Bottesi G, Bray S, Brown D, Fleig L, Ghisi M, Graham J, Martinasek M, Tamulevicius N, Pfeffer I. The contribution and interplay of implicit and explicit processes on physical activity behavior: empirical testing of the physical activity adoption and maintenance (PAAM) model. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1239. [PMID: 38711051 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18589-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The adoption and maintenance of physical activity (PA) is an important health behavior. This paper presents the first comprehensive empirical test of the Physical Activity Adoption and Maintenance (PAAM) model, which proposes that a combination of explicit (e.g., intention) and implicit (e.g., habit,, affect) self-regulatory processes is involved in PA adoption and maintenance. Data were collected via online questionnaires in English, German, and Italian at two measurement points four weeks apart. The study included 422 participants (Mage= 25.3, SDage= 10.1; 74.2% women) from Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Canada, and the U.S. The study results largely supported the assumptions of the PAAM model, indicating that intentions and habits significantly mediate the effects of past PA on future PA. In addition, the effect of past PA on future PA was shown to be significant through a mediation chain involving affect and habit. Although the hypothesis that trait self-regulation moderates the intention-behavior relationship was not supported, a significant moderating effect of affect on the same relationship was observed. The results suggest that interventions targeting both explicit and implicit processes may be effective in promoting PA adoption and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darko Jekauc
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Ceren Gürdere
- Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Chris Englert
- Institute of Sports Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tilo Strobach
- Medical School Hamburg, Institute of Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience (ICAN), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gioia Bottesi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- U.O.C. Hospital Psychology, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Steven Bray
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Denver Brown
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Lena Fleig
- Medical School Berlin, Department of Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marta Ghisi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Jeffrey Graham
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - Mary Martinasek
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, The University of Tampa, Tampa, USA
| | - Nauris Tamulevicius
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, The University of Tampa, Tampa, USA
| | - Ines Pfeffer
- Medical School Hamburg, Institute of Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience (ICAN), Hamburg, Germany
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Kekäläinen T, Luchetti M, Terracciano A, Gamaldo AA, Mogle J, Lovett HH, Brown J, Rantalainen T, Sliwinski MJ, Sutin AR. Physical activity and cognitive function: moment-to-moment and day-to-day associations. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:137. [PMID: 37993862 PMCID: PMC10666351 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01536-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The beneficial effect of acute physical exercise on cognitive performance has been studied in laboratory settings and in long-term longitudinal studies. Less is known about these associations in everyday environment and on a momentary timeframe. This study investigated momentary and daily associations between physical activity and cognitive functioning in the context of everyday life. METHODS Middle-aged adults (n = 291, aged 40-70) were asked to wear accelerometers and complete ecological momentary assessments for eight consecutive days. Processing speed and visual memory were assessed three times per day and self-rated evaluations of daily cognition (memory, thinking, and sharpness of mind) were collected each night. The number of minutes spent above the active threshold (active time) and the maximum vector magnitude counts (the highest intensity obtained) before each cognitive test and at a daily level were used as predictors of momentary cognitive performance and nightly subjective cognition. Analyses were done with multilevel linear models. The models were adjusted for temporal and contextual factors, age, sex, education, and race/ethnicity. RESULTS When participants had a more active time or higher intensity than their average level within the 20 or 60 minutes prior to the cognitive test, they performed better on the processing speed task. On days when participants had more active time than their average day, they rated their memory in the evening better. Physical activity was not associated with visual memory or self-rated thinking and sharpness of mind. CONCLUSIONS This study provides novel evidence that outside of laboratory settings, even small increases in physical activity boost daily processing speed abilities and self-rated memory. The finding of temporary beneficial effects is consistent with long-term longitudinal research on the cognitive benefits of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiia Kekäläinen
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Martina Luchetti
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Antonio Terracciano
- Department of Geriatrics, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Alyssa A Gamaldo
- Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | | | - Hephzibah H Lovett
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Justin Brown
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Timo Rantalainen
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Martin J Sliwinski
- Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Angelina R Sutin
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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Lau SCL, Connor LT, King AA, Baum CM. Multimodal Ambulatory Monitoring of Daily Activity and Health-Related Symptoms in Community-Dwelling Survivors of Stroke: Feasibility, Acceptability, and Validity. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2022; 103:1992-2000. [PMID: 35780826 PMCID: PMC10338086 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the feasibility, acceptability, and validity of multimodal ambulatory monitoring, which combines accelerometry with ecological momentary assessment (EMA), to assess daily activity and health-related symptoms among survivors of stroke. DESIGN Prospective cohort study involving 7 days of ambulatory monitoring; participants completed 8 daily EMA surveys about daily activity and symptoms (mood, cognitive complaints, fatigue, pain) while wearing an accelerometer. Participants also completed retrospective assessments and an acceptability questionnaire. SETTING Community. PARTICIPANTS Forty survivors of stroke (N=40). INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Feasibility was determined using attrition rate and compliance. Acceptability was reported using the acceptability questionnaire. Convergent and discriminant validity were determined by the correlations between ambulatory monitoring and retrospective self-reports. Criterion validity was determined by the concordance between accelerometer-measured and EMA-reported daily activity. RESULTS All participants completed the study (attrition rate=0%). EMA and accelerometer compliance were 93.6 % and 99.7%, respectively. Participants rated their experience with multimodal ambulatory monitoring positively. They were highly satisfied (mean, 4.8/5) and confident (mean, 4.7/5) in using ambulatory monitoring and preferred it over traditional retrospective assessments (mean, 4.7/5). Multimodal ambulatory monitoring estimates correlated with retrospective self-reports of the same and opposing constructs in the predicted directions (r=-0.66 to 0.72, P<.05). More intense accelerometer-measured physical activity was observed when participants reported doing more physically demanding activities and vice versa. CONCLUSIONS Findings support the feasibility, acceptability, and validity of multimodal ambulatory monitoring in survivors of mild stroke. Multimodal ambulatory monitoring has potential to provide a more complete understanding of survivors' daily activity in the context of everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C L Lau
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO.
| | - Lisa Tabor Connor
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Allison A King
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Education, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Carolyn M Baum
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO
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Maes I, Mertens L, Poppe L, Crombez G, Vetrovsky T, Van Dyck D. The variability of emotions, physical complaints, intention, and self-efficacy: an ecological momentary assessment study in older adults. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13234. [PMID: 35611175 PMCID: PMC9124457 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many theoretical frameworks have been used in order to understand health behaviors such as physical activity, sufficient sleep, healthy eating habits, etc. In most research studies, determinants within these frameworks are assessed only once and thus are considered as stable over time, which leads to rather 'static' health behavior change interventions. However, in real-life, individual-level determinants probably vary over time (within days and from day to day), but currently, not much is known about these time-dependent fluctuations in determinants. In order to personalize health behavior change interventions in a more dynamic manner, such information is urgently needed. Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the time-dependent variability of emotions, physical complaints, intention, and self-efficacy in older adults (65+) using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA). Methods Observational data were collected in 64 healthy older adults (56.3% men; mean age 72.1 ± 5.6 years) using EMA. Participants answered questions regarding emotions (i.e., cheerfulness, relaxation, enthusiasm, satisfaction, insecurity, anxiousness, irritation, feeling down), physical complaints (i.e., fatigue, pain, dizziness, stiffness, shortness of breath), intention, and self-efficacy six times a day for seven consecutive days using a smartphone-based questionnaire. Generalized linear mixed models were used to assess the fluctuations of individual determinants within subjects and over days. Results A low variability is present for the negative emotions (i.e., insecurity, anxiousness, irritation, feeling down) and physical complaints of dizziness and shortness of breath. The majority of the variance for relaxation, satisfaction, insecurity, anxiousness, irritation, feeling down, fatigue, dizziness, intention, and self-efficacy is explained by the within subjects and within days variance (42.9% to 65.8%). Hence, these determinants mainly differed within the same subject and within the same day. The between subjects variance explained the majority of the variance for cheerfulness, enthusiasm, pain, stiffness, and shortness of breath (50.2% to 67.3%). Hence, these determinants mainly differed between different subjects. Conclusions This study reveals that multiple individual-level determinants are time-dependent, and are better considered as 'dynamic' or unstable behavior determinants. This study provides us with important insights concerning the development of dynamic health behavior change interventions, anticipating real-time dynamics of determinants instead of considering determinants as stable within individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Maes
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Lieze Mertens
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium,Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Louise Poppe
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium,Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geert Crombez
- Department of Experimental-clinical and health psychology, Ghent Univeristy, Gent, Belgium
| | - Tomas Vetrovsky
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Delfien Van Dyck
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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The association of stress and physical activity: Mind the ecological fallacy. GERMAN JOURNAL OF EXERCISE AND SPORT RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12662-022-00823-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPsychological stress and physical activity are interrelated, constituting a relevant association to human health, especially in children. However, the association’s nature remains elusive, i.e., why psychological stress predicts both decreased and increased physical activity. To test whether effects vary as a function of the level of analyses, we derived intensive longitudinal data via accelerometers and stress questionnaires from 74 children across 7 days as they went about their daily routines (n = 513 assessments). Multilevel modelling analyses revealed that between children, higher psychological stress predicted decreased physical activity (standardized beta coefficient = −0.14; p = 0.046). Concurrently, within those children, higher psychological stress predicted increased physical activity across days (standardized beta coefficient = 0.09; p = 0.015). Translated to practice, children who experienced more stress than others moved less, but children were more active on days when they experienced heightened stress. This suggests that the analyses level is crucial to the understanding of the association between psychological stress and physical activity and should be considered to receive unequivocal results. If replicated, e.g., including high-frequency sampling and experimental manipulation in everyday life for in-depth insights on underlying mechanisms and causality, our findings may be translated to individually tailored (digital) prevention and intervention strategies which target children’s distress-feelings despite impairing their heightened physical activity in stressful situations and identify tipping points of chronic stress phases. Therefore, we especially call for more intensive longitudinal data approaches to tackle thus far neglected within-subject issues in the field of physical activity, sport and exercise research.
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The dynamical association between physical activity and affect in the daily life of individuals with ADHD. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 57:69-74. [PMID: 35151951 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.01.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Exercise interventions in mental disorders have evidenced a mood-enhancing effect. However, the association between physical activity and affect in everyday life has not been investigated in adult individuals with ADHD, despite being important features of this disorder. As physical activity and affect are dynamic processes in nature, assessing those in everyday life with e-diaries and wearables, has become the gold standard. Thus, we used an mHealth approach to prospectively assess physical activity and affect processes in individuals with ADHD and controls aged 14-45 years. Participants wore accelerometers across a four-day period and reported their affect via e-diaries twelve times daily. We used multilevel models to identify the within-subject effects of physical activity on positive and negative affect. We split our sample into three groups: 1. individuals with ADHD who were predominantly inattentive (n = 48), 2. individuals with ADHD having a combined presentation (i.e., being inattentive and hyperactive; n = 95), and 3. controls (n = 42). Our analyses revealed a significant cross-level interaction (F(2, 135.072)=5.733, p = 0.004) of physical activity and group on positive affect. In details, all groups showed a positive association between physical activity and positive affect. Individuals with a combined presentation significantly showed the steepest slope of physical activity on positive affect (slope_inattentive=0.005, p<0.001; slope_combined=0.009, p<0.001; slope_controls=0.004, p = 0.008). Our analyses on negative affect revealed a negative association only in the individuals with a combined presentation (slope=-0.003; p = 0.001). Whether this specifically pronounced association in individuals being more hyperactive might be a mechanism reinforcing hyperactivity needs to be empirically clarified in future studies.
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Hevel DJ, Dunton GF, Maher JP. Acute Bidirectional Relations Between Affect, Physical Feeling States, and Activity-Related Behaviors Among Older Adults: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study. Ann Behav Med 2021; 55:41-54. [PMID: 32441738 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaaa027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of older adults are physically inactive; therefore, strategies are needed to effectively promote sustained engagement in physical activity. PURPOSE This study was designed to investigate acute bidirectional relationships between affective and physical feeling states and activity-related behaviors among older adults in the context of everyday life using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA). METHODS Older adults (n = 103, Mage = 72, Range: 60-98) participated in a 10-day study where they completed up to 6 smartphone-based EMA prompts/day. At each EMA prompt, participants reported their current positive and negative affect and physical feeling states. Participants wore an activPAL accelerometer to measure time spent standing and time spent stepping before and after the prompt. Separate multilevel random coefficient linear and logistic regression models examined these bidirectional relationships. RESULTS On occasions when older adults engaged in more standing and more stepping than was typical for them in the 15 and 30 min prior to the EMA prompt, they tended to report greater feelings of energy at the prompt. On occasions when older adults reported greater feelings of energy than was typical for them, they engaged in more standing and more stepping in the 15 and 30 min following the EMA prompt. Positive and negative affect was unrelated to activity-related behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Feelings of energy appear to be strongly linked to activity-related behaviors in older adults; however, this was not the case for positive or negative affect. These findings may have implications for optimal delivery of just-in-time intervention context based on affective states or current behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Hevel
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Genevieve F Dunton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jaclyn P Maher
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
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Jones DR, Smyth JM, Graham-Engeland JE. Associations between positively valenced affect and health behaviors vary by arousal. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2021; 14:215-235. [PMID: 34355861 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Evidence is mixed with regard to whether positively valanced affect (PA) is associated with engagement in health behaviors. Both affective arousal (activated/deactivated) and level of analysis (between and within-person) may influence such associations. Adults (N = 121; 25-65 years) completed ambulatory assessments of affect and daily reports of sleep, diet, and physical/sedentary activity. Patterns of association were generally consistent at between and within-person levels, although associations varied by arousal. Activated PA was positively associated with action tendencies (i.e., higher physical activity, lower sedentary activities) and riskier behaviors (such as poor diet) whereas deactivated PA was positively associated with engaging in satiety and rest (i.e., better diet, better sleep quality, and more sedentary activity). Results were maintained when covarying for indicators of relative socioeconomic advantage and neuroticism. Overall, arousal appears to be related to the nature of the associations between PA and health behaviors, highlighting the importance of assessing and evaluating a range of arousal states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusti R Jones
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Healthy Aging, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joshua M Smyth
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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A Novel Combination of Accelerometry and Ecological Momentary Assessment for Post-Stroke Paretic Arm/Hand Use: Feasibility and Validity. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10061328. [PMID: 33807014 PMCID: PMC8005066 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10061328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of the paretic arm and hand is a key indicator of recovery and reintegration after stroke. A sound methodology is essential to comprehensively identify the possible factors impacting daily arm/hand use behavior. We combined ecological momentary assessment (EMA), a prompt methodology capturing real-time psycho-contextual factors, with accelerometry to investigate arm/hand behavior in the natural environment. Our aims were to determine (1) feasibility and (2) measurement validity of the combined methodology. We monitored 30 right-dominant, mild-moderately motor impaired chronic stroke survivors over 5 days (6 EMA prompts/day with accelerometers on each wrist). We observed high adherence for accelerometer wearing time (80.3%), EMA prompt response (84.6%), and generally positive user feedback upon exit interview. The customized prompt schedule and the self-triggered prompt option may have improved adherence. There was no evidence of EMA response bias nor immediate measurement reactivity. An unexpected small but significant increase in paretic arm/hand use was observed over days (12–14 min), which may be the accumulated effect of prompting that provided a reminder to choose the paretic limb. Further research that uses this combined methodology is needed to develop targeted interventions that effectively change behavior and enable reintegration post-stroke.
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13
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Koch ED, Tost H, Braun U, Gan G, Giurgiu M, Reinhard I, Zipf A, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Ebner-Priemer UW, Reichert M. Relationships between incidental physical activity, exercise, and sports with subsequent mood in adolescents. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 30:2234-2250. [PMID: 33448493 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity is beneficial for human physical health and well-being. Accordingly, the association between physical activity and mood in everyday life has been a subject of several Ambulatory Assessment studies. This mechanism has been studied in children, adults, and the elderly, but neglected in adolescents. It is critical to examine this mechanism in adolescents because adolescence plays a key role in human development and adolescents' physical activity behavior translates into their behavior in adulthood. We investigated adolescents' mood in relation to distinct physical activities: incidental activity such as climbing stairs; exercise activity, such as skating; and sports, such as playing soccer. We equipped 134 adolescents aged 12-17 years with accelerometers and GPS-triggered electronic diaries to use in their everyday life. Adolescents reported on mood repeatedly in real time across 7 days, and these data were analyzed using multilevel-modeling. After incidental activity, adolescents felt better and more energized. After exercise, adolescents felt better but less calm. After sports, adolescents felt less energized. Analyses of the time course of the effects confirmed our findings. Physical activity influences mood in adolescents' everyday life, but has distinct effects depending on the kind of physical activity. Our results suggest incidental and exercise activities entail higher post-bout valence compared to sports in competitive settings. These findings may serve as an important empirical basis for the targeted application of distinct physical activities to foster well-being in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena D Koch
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Heike Tost
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Urs Braun
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Gabriela Gan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Marco Giurgiu
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Iris Reinhard
- Division of Biostatistics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alexander Zipf
- GIScience Research Group, Institute of Geography, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich W Ebner-Priemer
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Markus Reichert
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
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14
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Reichert M, Braun U, Gan G, Reinhard I, Giurgiu M, Ma R, Zang Z, Hennig O, Koch ED, Wieland L, Schweiger J, Inta D, Hoell A, Akdeniz C, Zipf A, Ebner-Priemer UW, Tost H, Meyer-Lindenberg A. A neural mechanism for affective well-being: Subgenual cingulate cortex mediates real-life effects of nonexercise activity on energy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/45/eaaz8934. [PMID: 33158875 PMCID: PMC7673710 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz8934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity substantially improves well-being and mental health, but the underlying brain processes remain unclear. Most research concerns exercise, although the majority of everyday human behaviors, such as walking or stair climbing, are nonexercise activities. Combining neuroimaging with ecological assessment of activity and GPS-triggered smartphone diaries, we show a specific association of nonexercise activity with energy in two independent samples mediated by the subgenual part of the anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC), a key emotion regulatory site. Furthermore, energy predicted a range of mental health metrics. sgACC volume moderated humans' emotional gain from nonexercise activity in real life: Individuals with low sgACC volume, a risk factor for depression, felt less energized when inactive but benefited more from periods of high nonexercise activity. This suggests an everyday life mechanism affecting affective well-being in the general population and, if substantiated in patient samples, a risk and resilience process for mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Reichert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany.
- Mental mHealth Lab, Chair of Applied Psychology, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Urs Braun
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gabriela Gan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Iris Reinhard
- Division of Biostatistics, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Marco Giurgiu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
- Mental mHealth Lab, Chair of Applied Psychology, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Ren Ma
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Zhenxiang Zang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Hennig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Elena D Koch
- Mental mHealth Lab, Chair of Applied Psychology, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Lena Wieland
- Mental mHealth Lab, Chair of Applied Psychology, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Janina Schweiger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Dragos Inta
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Hoell
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Ceren Akdeniz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Zipf
- Institute of Geography, GIScience Research Group, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich W Ebner-Priemer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
- Mental mHealth Lab, Chair of Applied Psychology, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Heike Tost
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
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15
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de Vries LP, Baselmans BML, Bartels M. Smartphone-Based Ecological Momentary Assessment of Well-Being: A Systematic Review and Recommendations for Future Studies. JOURNAL OF HAPPINESS STUDIES 2020; 22:2361-2408. [PMID: 34720691 PMCID: PMC8550316 DOI: 10.1007/s10902-020-00324-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Feelings of well-being and happiness fluctuate over time and contexts. Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) studies can capture fluctuations in momentary behavior, and experiences by assessing these multiple times per day. Traditionally, EMA was performed using pen and paper. Recently, due to technological advances EMA studies can be conducted more easily with smartphones, a device ubiquitous in our society. The goal of this review was to evaluate the literature on smartphone-based EMA in well-being research in healthy subjects. The systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Searching PubMed and Web of Science, we identified 53 studies using smartphone-based EMA of well-being. Studies were heterogeneous in designs, context, and measures. The average study duration was 12.8 days, with well-being assessed 2-12 times per day. Half of the studies included objective data (e.g. location). Only 47.2% reported compliance, indicating a mean of 71.6%. Well-being fluctuated daily and weekly, with higher well-being in evenings and weekends. These fluctuations disappeared when location and activity were accounted for. On average, being in nature and physical activity relates to higher well-being. Working relates to lower well-being, but workplace and company do influence well-being. The important advantages of using smartphones instead of other devices to collect EMAs are the easier data collection and flexible designs. Smartphone-based EMA reach far larger maximum sample sizes and more easily add objective data to their designs than palm-top/PDA studies. Smartphone-based EMA research is feasible to gain insight in well-being fluctuations and its determinants and offers the opportunity for parallel objective data collection. Most studies currently focus on group comparisons, while studies on individual differences in well-being patterns and fluctuations are lacking. We provide recommendations for future smartphone-based EMA research regarding measures, objective data and analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne P. de Vries
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart M. L. Baselmans
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Reichert M, Giurgiu M, Koch E, Wieland LM, Lautenbach S, Neubauer AB, von Haaren-Mack B, Schilling R, Timm I, Notthoff N, Marzi I, Hill H, Brüβler S, Eckert T, Fiedler J, Burchartz A, Anedda B, Wunsch K, Gerber M, Jekauc D, Woll A, Dunton GF, Kanning M, Nigg CR, Ebner-Priemer U, Liao Y. Ambulatory Assessment for Physical Activity Research: State of the Science, Best Practices and Future Directions. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2020; 50:101742. [PMID: 32831643 PMCID: PMC7430559 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Technological and digital progress benefits physical activity (PA) research. Here we compiled expert knowledge on how Ambulatory Assessment (AA) is utilized to advance PA research, i.e., we present results of the 2nd International CAPA Workshop 2019 "Physical Activity Assessment - State of the Science, Best Practices, Future Directions" where invited researchers with experience in PA assessment, evaluation, technology and application participated. First, we provide readers with the state of the AA science, then we give best practice recommendations on how to measure PA via AA and shed light on methodological frontiers, and we furthermore discuss future directions. AA encompasses a class of methods that allows the study of PA and its behavioral, biological and physiological correlates as they unfold in everyday life. AA includes monitoring of movement (e.g., via accelerometry), physiological function (e.g., via mobile electrocardiogram), contextual information (e.g., via geolocation-tracking), and ecological momentary assessment (EMA; e.g., electronic diaries) to capture self-reported information. The strengths of AA are data assessment that near realtime, which minimizes retrospective biases in real-world settings, consequentially enabling ecological valid findings. Importantly, AA enables multiple assessments across time within subjects resulting in intensive longitudinal data (ILD), which allows unraveling within-person determinants of PA in everyday life. In this paper, we show how AA methods such as triggered e-diaries and geolocation-tracking can be used to measure PA and its correlates, and furthermore how these findings may translate into real-life interventions. In sum, AA provides numerous possibilities for PA research, especially the opportunity to tackle within- subject antecedents, concomitants, and consequences of PA as they unfold in everyday life. In-depth insights on determinants of PA could help us design and deliver impactful interventions in real-world contexts, thus enabling us to solve critical health issues in the 21st century such as insufficient PA and high levels of sedentary behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Reichert
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University; postal address: Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Marco Giurgiu
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University; postal address: Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Elena Koch
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Lena M. Wieland
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Sven Lautenbach
- Heidelberg Institute for Geoinformation Technology (HeiGIT) at Heidelberg University; postal address: Heidelberg Institute for Geoinformation Technology, Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg 33, 69118 Heidelberg, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Andreas B. Neubauer
- Department of Education and Human Development, DIPF | Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education; postal address: Rostocker Straße 6, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany
- Center for Research on Individual Development and Adaptive Education of Children at Risk (IDeA); postal address: Rostocker Straße 6, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany
| | - Birte von Haaren-Mack
- Department of Health and Social Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne; postal address: Am Sportpark Muengersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Renè Schilling
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Postal address: Birsstrasse 320 B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Irina Timm
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Nanna Notthoff
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Psychology, Department of Sports Science, Leipzig University; postal address: Jahnallee 59, 04109 Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | - Isabel Marzi
- Department of Sports Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); postal address: Gebbertstrasse 123b, 91058 Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Holger Hill
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Brüβler
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Eckert
- Departments of Preventive Medicine and Psychology, University of Southern California; postal address: 2001 N. Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Janis Fiedler
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Burchartz
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Bastian Anedda
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Wunsch
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Postal address: Birsstrasse 320 B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Darko Jekauc
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Woll
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Genevieve F. Dunton
- Departments of Preventive Medicine and Psychology, University of Southern California; postal address: 2001 N. Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Martina Kanning
- Department of Sport Science, Social and Health Sciences, University of Konstanz; postal address: Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Claudio R. Nigg
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Ebner-Priemer
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); postal address: Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Yue Liao
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, postal address: 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Hollands L, Lambert J, Price L, Powell D, Greaves C. Ecological momentary assessment of mood and physical activity in people with depression. J Affect Disord 2020; 271:293-299. [PMID: 32479329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine temporal associations between physical activity and subsequent mood in people with moderate to severe depression. METHODS The study used ecological momentary assessment to associate mood, measured via text messaging twice daily for five days, using a 10-point Likert scale, with objectively measured physical activity (accelerometer data) in people with moderate-to-severe depression. Multilevel regression models were used to explore the relationship between physical activity undertaken at different intensities over the previous one and three hours, and subsequent affect score. A total of 388 paired data points were collected from 43 participants. RESULTS There was no association between minutes of moderate-vigorous physical activity in the previous hour and subsequent affect score (which we had hypothesised). However, exploratory analyses found a significant relationship between affect and combined physical activity in the previous hour (β1 coefficient = 0.023, p = 0.037). LIMITATIONS Periods of moderate-vigorous activity were infrequent, reducing the statistical power for analysing associations with this intensity of activity. Only one dimension of mood was sampled. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that, in people with moderate-to-severe depression, time spent engaging in any intensity of physical activity was significantly associated with subsequent mood. Further research is needed to more clearly define the dynamics of the relationship between physical activity and low mood. This will aid identification of optimal prescription criteria for physical activity in people with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hollands
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK.
| | - Jeffrey Lambert
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Lisa Price
- Sport and Health Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK.
| | - Daniel Powell
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD; Health Psychology, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD.
| | - Colin Greaves
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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18
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Holt NJ. Tracking momentary experience in the evaluation of arts-on-prescription services: using mood changes during art workshops to predict global wellbeing change. Perspect Public Health 2020; 140:270-276. [PMID: 32441226 PMCID: PMC7498906 DOI: 10.1177/1757913920913060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Aims: To measure the immediate impact of participating in
arts-on-prescription workshops on multiple dimensions of mood
and to evaluate whether improvement in mood is a mechanism for
change, predicting improvements in global wellbeing before and
after participation in arts-on-prescription programmes. Methods: The evaluation drew upon the experience sampling method, asking
participants to complete a six-item mood questionnaire at the
beginning and end of each workshop in a 12-week-long
arts-on-prescription programme. Participants also completed a
measure of global wellbeing at the beginning and end of the
programme. Results: Multilevel modelling was used to test hypotheses since the data
were hierarchical (with 1491 mood reports nested within 66
participants). There was a significant improvement in global
wellbeing across participation in the arts-on-prescription
programme. After each art workshop there was a significant
increase on all dimensions of mood: hedonic tone (contentment);
tense arousal (calmness); and energetic arousal (alertness).
There was also a significant improvement in these dimensions of
mood, over time, upon arrival at the art workshops each week.
Furthermore, reduction in tense arousal after art workshops
significantly predicted changes in global wellbeing. Conclusion: The findings suggest that a reduction in tense arousal (feeling
less nervous, anxious and stressed) is a crucial component of
arts-on-prescription services and make a direct link between
experiences during art workshops and changes in global wellbeing
for the first time. This strengthens the evidence base for
arts-on-prescription and suggests that tracking experience
across interventions is a useful evaluation tool, with much
potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Holt
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of the West of England (UWE), Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
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19
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Ivarsson A, Stenling A, Weman Josefsson K, Höglind S, Lindwall M. Associations between physical activity and core affects within and across days: a daily diary study. Psychol Health 2020; 36:43-58. [PMID: 32241180 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2020.1745801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study was to investigate (a) if daily physical activity at the within-person level is related to four different core affects the same evening, (b) if core affects in the evening predict physical activity the following day, and (c) if physical activity predicts core affects the following day. DESIGN A total of 166 university students were asked to complete the affect and physical activity measures once a day (in the evening), for seven days. Bivariate unconditional latent curve model analyses with structured residuals were performed to investigate the relations within days and across days between the core affects and physical activity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Core affects and physical activity. RESULTS Physical activity had positive within-day associations with pleasant-activated and pleasant-deactivated core affects and a negative within-day association with unpleasant-deactivated affective responses. There were, however, no statistically significant relations between core affects and physical activity across days. CONCLUSION These results highlight that the measurement interval might be an important factor that influences the association between core affects and physical activity behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Stenling
- Umea Universitet, Umea, Sweden.,University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Magnus Lindwall
- University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Zapata-Lamana R, Lalanza JF, Losilla JM, Parrado E, Capdevila L. mHealth technology for ecological momentary assessment in physical activity research: a systematic review. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8848. [PMID: 32257648 PMCID: PMC7103204 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review the publications on ecological momentary assessment (EMA) relating to physical activity (PA) behavior in order to classify the methodologies, and to identify the main mHealth technology-based tools and procedures that have been applied during the first 10 years since the emergence of smartphones. As a result of this review, we want to ask if there is enough evidence to propose the use of the term "mEMA" (mobile-based EMA). DESIGN A systematic review according to PRISMA Statement (PROSPERO registration: CRD42018088136). METHOD Four databases (PsycINFO, CINALH, Medline and Web of Science Core Collection) were searched electronically from 2008 to February 2018. RESULTS A total of 76 studies from 297 potential articles on the use of EMA and PA were included in this review. It was found that 71% of studies specifically used "EMA" for assessing PA behaviors but the rest used other terminology that also adjusted to the inclusion criteria. Just over half (51.3%) of studies (39) used mHealth technology, mainly smartphones, for collecting EMA data. The majority (79.5%) of these studies (31 out of 39) were published during the last 4 years. On the other hand, 58.8% of studies that only used paper-and-pencil were published during the first 3 years of the 10-year period analyzed. An accelerometer was the main built-in sensor used for collecting PA behavior by means of mHealth (69%). Most of the studies were carried out on young-adult samples, with only three studies in older adults. Women were included in 60% of studies, and healthy people in 82%. The studies lasted between 1 and 7 days in 57.9%, and between three and seven assessments per day were carried out in 37%. The most popular topics evaluated together with PA were psychological state and social and environmental context. CONCLUSIONS We have classified the EMA methodologies used for assessing PA behaviors. A total of 71% of studies used the term "EMA" and 51.3% used mHealth technology. Accelerometers have been the main built-in sensor used for collecting PA. The change of trend in the use of tools for EMA in PA coincides with the technological advances of the last decade due to the emergence of smartphones and mHealth technology. There is enough evidence to use the term mEMA when mHealth technology is being used for monitoring real-time lifestyle behaviors in natural situations. We define mEMA as the use of mobile computing and communication technologies for the EMA of health and lifestyle behaviors. It is clear that the use of mHealth is increasing, but there is still a lot to be gained from taking advantage of all the capabilities of this technology in order to apply EMA to PA behavior. Thus, mEMA methodology can help in the monitoring of healthy lifestyles under both subjective and objective perspectives. The tendency for future research should be the automatic recognition of the PA of the user without interrupting their behavior. The ecological information could be completed with voice messages, image captures or brief text selections on the touch screen made in real time, all managed through smartphone apps. This methodology could be extended when EMA combined with mHealth are used to evaluate other lifestyle behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaume F. Lalanza
- Department of Basic Psychology, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Josep-Maria Losilla
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Science, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Sport Research Institute UAB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Eva Parrado
- Department of Basic Psychology, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Sport Research Institute UAB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lluis Capdevila
- Department of Basic Psychology, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Sport Research Institute UAB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Katana M, Hill PL. Affective Aging on Different Time-Scales. INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES ON AGING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32053-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Purpose, Frequency, and Mode of Transport by Which Older Adults Leave Their Home-A Cross-Sectional Analysis. J Aging Phys Act 2019; 27:688–695. [PMID: 30747583 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2018-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Time spent out-of-home can increase physical activity (PA) levels. However, the association between the purpose for leaving home and the mode of transport on time out-of-home and PA are not straightforward. In a large sample of community-dwelling older adults (≥65 years), daily walking duration was measured prospectively over 1 week using body-fixed sensors and time-out-of-home questionnaires. Data from 1,277 participants yielded 6,500 full days for analysis. The following statistically significant associations were seen: public transport use increased the time spent out-of-home by 88 min and daily walking duration by 16 min. Social contacts or the use of a car increased the time out-of-home, but decreased PA. Shopping or "going by foot" decreased the time spent out-of-home by 19 and 62 min, respectively, while both increased the daily walking duration by 5 min. The association between time out-of-home and PA (daily walking duration) is strongly dependent on the activity and mode of transport.
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Wen CKF, Liao Y, Maher JP, Huh J, Belcher BR, Dzubur E, Dunton GF. Relationships among affective states, physical activity, and sedentary behavior in children: Moderation by perceived stress. Health Psychol 2018; 37:904-914. [PMID: 30234349 PMCID: PMC7781236 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the acute bidirectional relationships between affective states and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) or sedentary behavior (SB) in children, and whether perceived stress moderates these associations. METHOD A total of 180 children (mean age = 9.6 years, 51.7% female, 53.9% Hispanic) completed a 7-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study, where they received 3-7 random prompts per day asking about their current affective states. MVPA and SB during this period were measured by waist-worn accelerometers. Children's and mothers' perceived stress were measured by paper questionnaires. Multilevel models tested the within-person (WP) and between-person (BP) associations of (a) MVPA and SB 30 and 60 min before an EMA prompt with subsequent affective states at the prompt, and (b) affective states at the prompt with MVPA and SB in the subsequent 30 and 60 min after the prompt. Interaction terms were used to assess whether children's and mothers' perceived stress moderated these associations. RESULTS Children reported a higher positive affect after engaging in more MVPA than usual (WP; β = 0.04, SE = 0.02, p < .05) and a lower positive affect after spending more SB than usual (WP; β = -0.02, SE = 0.01, p < .05) in the previous 30 min. Children's affective states were unrelated to time in MVPA and SB within the subsequent 30 min. Parent's perceived stress level attenuated the relationship between children's time spent in MVPA 60 min before a prompt and self-reported positive affect at that prompt (β = -0.01, SE = 0.01, p < .05). CONCLUSIONS MVPA and SB acutely impacted children's psychological well-being, with the benefits of MVPA on positive affect across longer intervals attenuated among children whose mothers had higher perceived stress. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng K Fred Wen
- Department or Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Yue Liao
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Jaclyn P Maher
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
| | - Jimi Huh
- Department or Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Britni R Belcher
- Department or Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Eldin Dzubur
- Center for Outcomes Research and Education, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
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McLean DC, Nakamura J, Csikszentmihalyi M. Reconsidering the experience machine: Self-reported versus objective measures of physical activity to increase positive affect. J Health Psychol 2018; 25:2428-2439. [PMID: 30246550 DOI: 10.1177/1359105318801939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This article tests the utility of self-report and objective assessment of physical activity to predict increased positive affect. Participants wore Fitbit activity trackers and responded to single-item assessments of momentary affect and self-reported physical activity following an experience sampling method protocol. A test of the within-person mediation indicated that, on average, 63 percent of the relationship between objective physical activity and affect was accounted for by self-reported physical activity. This research adds to the body of literature demonstrating the benefits of physical activity and discusses the utility of perceived over actual assessments of physical activity in naturalistic settings.
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Sudeck G, Jeckel S, Schubert T. Individual Differences in the Competence for Physical-Activity-Related Affect Regulation Moderate the Activity-Affect Association in Real-Life Situations. JOURNAL OF SPORT & EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 40:196-205. [PMID: 30176746 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2018-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) is positively associated with affective well-being in adults. This study investigated the moderating role of the competence for PA-related affect regulation in the PA-affect association in real-life situations. A total of 37 women and 27 men completed an ecological momentary assessment study in which the authors used accelerometers to record PA and e-diaries to collect data on affective well-being on 4 study days. They applied multilevel analyses to estimate the within-person effects of PA on affective well-being and cross-level interactions between PA (within person) and PA-related affect regulation (between persons). Results revealed cross-level interaction effects between within-person PA variations and competence for PA-related affect regulation on the affect dimensions of calmness (p < .01) and valence (p = .04). Thus, the competence for PA-related affect regulation moderates the PA-affect association in real-life situations. Therefore, individual-based PA promotion should consider these individual differences to develop tailored interventions.
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Koch ED, Tost H, Braun U, Gan G, Giurgiu M, Reinhard I, Zipf A, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Ebner-Priemer UW, Reichert M. Mood Dimensions Show Distinct Within-Subject Associations With Non-exercise Activity in Adolescents: An Ambulatory Assessment Study. Front Psychol 2018; 9:268. [PMID: 29563889 PMCID: PMC5850094 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is known to preserve both physical and mental health. However, the physical activity levels of a large proportion of adolescents are insufficient. This is critical, since physical activity levels in youth have been shown to translate into adulthood. Whereas in adult populations, mood has been supposed to be one important psychological factor that drives physical activity in everyday life, this issue has been poorly studied in adolescent populations. Ambulatory Assessment is the state-of-the-art approach to investigate how mood and non-exercise activity fluctuate within persons in everyday life. Through assessments in real time and real life, this method provides ecological validity, bypassing several limitations of traditional assessment methods (e.g., recall biases). To investigate whether mood is associated with non-exercise activity in adolescents, we equipped a community-based sample comprising 113 participants, aged 12–17 years, with GPS-triggered e-diaries querying for valence, energetic arousal, and calmness, and with accelerometers continuously measuring physical activity in their everyday lives for 1 week. We excluded all acceleration data due to participants' exercise activities and thereafter we parameterized non-exercise activity as the mean value across 10-min intervals of movement acceleration intensity following each e-diary prompt. We used multilevel analyses to compute the effects of the mood dimensions on non-exercise activity within 10-min intervals directly following each e-diary prompt. Additionally, we conducted explorative analyses of the time course of the effects, i.e., on different timeframes of non-exercise activity up to 300 min following the mood assessment. The results showed that valence (p < 0.001) and energetic arousal (p < 0.001) were positively associated with non-exercise activity within the 10 min interval, whereas calmness (p < 0.001) was negatively associated with non-exercise activity. Specifically, adolescents who felt more content, full of energy, or less calm were more physically active in subsequent timeframes. Overall, our results demonstrate significant associations of mood with non-exercise activity in younger ages and converge with the previously observed association between mood and physical activity in adults. This knowledge on distinct associations of mood-dimensions with non-exercise activity may help to foster physical activity levels in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena D Koch
- Mental mHealth Lab, Department of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Heike Tost
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Urs Braun
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gabriela Gan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marco Giurgiu
- Mental mHealth Lab, Department of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Iris Reinhard
- Division of Biostatistics, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alexander Zipf
- GIScience Research Group, Institute of Geography, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ulrich W Ebner-Priemer
- Mental mHealth Lab, Department of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Markus Reichert
- Mental mHealth Lab, Department of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Objectively Measured Daily Physical Activity and Postural Changes as Related to Positive and Negative Affect Using Ambulatory Monitoring Assessments. Psychosom Med 2017; 79:792-797. [PMID: 28846993 PMCID: PMC5580380 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine whether objectively measured daily physical activity and posture of sitting, standing, and sit-to-stand transitions are associated with daily assessments of affect. METHODS Participants (N = 51, 49% female) wore ActivPal accelerometers for 24 h/d for seven consecutive days. Time spent sitting, standing, and being physically active and sit-to-stand transitions were derived for each day. Participants also completed a mood inventory each evening. Multilevel models examined within- and between-person associations of daily physical activity with positive and negative affect, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, education, and sleep duration. RESULTS Within-person associations showed that a 1-hour increase in daily physical activity was associated with a decrease in negative affect over the same day (B = -0.11, 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.21 to -0.01). Between-person associations indicated a borderline significant association between higher average daily physical activity levels and higher positive affect (B = 1.85, 95% CI = -0.25 to 3.94). There were no between- or within-person associations between sitting, standing, and sit-to-stand transitions with affect. CONCLUSIONS Promoting physical activity may be a potential intervention strategy to acutely suppress negative affective states.
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REICHERT MARKUS, TOST HEIKE, REINHARD IRIS, SCHLOTZ WOLFF, ZIPF ALEXANDER, SALIZE HANSJOACHIM, MEYER-LINDENBERG ANDREAS, EBNER-PRIEMER ULRICHW. Exercise versus Nonexercise Activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 49:763-773. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Haas P, Schmid J, Stadler G, Reuter M, Gawrilow C. Zooming into daily life: within-person associations between physical activity and affect in young adults. Psychol Health 2017; 32:588-604. [PMID: 28276736 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2017.1291943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Negative affect in daily life is linked to poorer mental and physical health. Activity could serve as an effective, low-cost intervention to improve affect. However, few prior studies have assessed physical activity and affect in everyday life, limiting the ecological validity of prior findings. This study investigates whether daily activity is associated with negative and positive evening affect in young adults. DESIGN Young adults (N = 189, Mdn = 23.00) participated in an intensive longitudinal study over 10 consecutive days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participants wore accelerometers to objectively assess moderate-to-vigorous physical activity continuously throughout the day and reported their affect in time-stamped online evening diaries before going to sleep. RESULTS On days when participants engaged in more activity than usual, they reported not only less depressed and angry evening affect but also more vigour and serenity in the evening. CONCLUSION Young adults showed both less negative and more positive affect on days with more activity. Physical activity is a promising health promotion strategy for physical and mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Haas
- a LEAD Graduate School & Research Network , Eberhard Karls Universität , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Johanna Schmid
- a LEAD Graduate School & Research Network , Eberhard Karls Universität , Tübingen , Germany.,b Department of Psychology , Eberhard Karls Universität , Tübingen , Germany.,c Center for Research on Individual Developmental and Adaptive Education of Children at Risk (IDeA-Center) , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Gertraud Stadler
- d Department of Applied Health Sciences , University of Aberdeen , Scotland , UK.,e Department of Psychology , Columbia University , New York City , USA
| | - Merle Reuter
- a LEAD Graduate School & Research Network , Eberhard Karls Universität , Tübingen , Germany.,b Department of Psychology , Eberhard Karls Universität , Tübingen , Germany.,c Center for Research on Individual Developmental and Adaptive Education of Children at Risk (IDeA-Center) , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Caterina Gawrilow
- a LEAD Graduate School & Research Network , Eberhard Karls Universität , Tübingen , Germany.,b Department of Psychology , Eberhard Karls Universität , Tübingen , Germany.,c Center for Research on Individual Developmental and Adaptive Education of Children at Risk (IDeA-Center) , Frankfurt , Germany
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Cabrita M, Lousberg R, Tabak M, Hermens HJ, Vollenbroek-Hutten MMR. An exploratory study on the impact of daily activities on the pleasure and physical activity of older adults. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2017; 14:1. [PMID: 28074110 PMCID: PMC5216572 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-016-0170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pleasure is one determinant of intrinsic motivation and yet a dimension often forgotten when promoting physical activity among the older population. In this study we investigate the relation between daily activities and physical activity, experience of pleasure, and the interaction between pleasure and physical activity in the daily lives of community-dwelling older adults. Methods Participants carried a hip-worn accelerometer during 30 consecutive days resulting in a total of 320 days of data collection. Current activity, location, companion and experience of pleasure during each activity were assessed through experience sampling on a smartphone every 1–2 h. Between- and within-individual differences were analysed with multi-level models and 10xN = 1 regression analysis. Results Outdoor activities were associated with higher physical activity than indoor activities (p < 0.001). Performing leisure activities, outdoors and not alone significantly predicted pleasure in daily life (all p’s < 0.05). Being more active while performing leisure activities resulted in higher experiences of pleasure (p < 0.001). However, when performing basic activities of daily living (e.g. commuting or households) this relation was inverted. Results provide meaningful indication for individual variance. The 30 days of data collected from each participant allow for identification of individual differences. Conclusions Daily activities and their contexts do influence the experience of pleasure and physical activity of older adults in daily life of older adults, although similar research with larger population is recommended. Results are in accordance with the literature, indicating that the method adopted (accelerometry combined with experience sampling) provides reliable representation of daily life. Identification of individual differences can eventually be automatically performed through data mining techniques. Further research could look at innovative approaches to promote Active Ageing using mobile technology in the daily life, by promoting physical activity through recommendation of pleasurable activities, and thus likely to increase the intrinsic motivation to become physically active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Cabrita
- Telemedicine group, Roessingh Research and Development, P.O. Box 310, Enschede, 7522 AH The Netherlands ; Telemedicine group, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede, 7500 AE The Netherlands
| | - Richel Lousberg
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Monique Tabak
- Telemedicine group, Roessingh Research and Development, P.O. Box 310, Enschede, 7522 AH The Netherlands ; Telemedicine group, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede, 7500 AE The Netherlands
| | - Hermie J Hermens
- Telemedicine group, Roessingh Research and Development, P.O. Box 310, Enschede, 7522 AH The Netherlands ; Telemedicine group, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede, 7500 AE The Netherlands
| | - Miriam M R Vollenbroek-Hutten
- Telemedicine group, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede, 7500 AE The Netherlands
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Examining acute bi-directional relationships between affect, physical feeling states, and physical activity in free-living situations using electronic ecological momentary assessment. J Behav Med 2016; 40:445-457. [PMID: 27766481 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-016-9808-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Current knowledge about the relationship of physical activity with acute affective and physical feeling states is informed largely by lab-based studies, which have limited generalizability to the natural ecology. This study used ecological momentary assessment to assess subjective affective and physical feeling states in free-living settings across 4 days from 110 non-physically active adults (Age M = 40.4, SD = 9.7). Light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were measured objectively by an accelerometer. Multilevel modeling was used to test the bi-directional associations between affective and physical feeling states and LPA/MVPA minutes. Higher positive affect, lower negative affect and fatigue were associated with more MVPA over the subsequent 15 min, while higher negative affect and energy were associated with more LPA over the subsequent 15 and 30 min. Additionally, more LPA and MVPA were associated with feeling more energetic over the subsequent 15 and 30 min, and more LPA was additionally associated with feeling more negative and less tired over the subsequent 15 and 30 min. Positive and negative affective states might serve as antecedents to but not consequences of MVPA in adults' daily lives. Changes in LPA may be predicted and followed by negative affective states. Physical feeling states appear to lead up to and follow changes in both LPA and MVPA.
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Schöndube A, Kanning M, Fuchs R. The Bidirectional Effect between Momentary Affective States and Exercise Duration on a Day Level. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1414. [PMID: 27708602 PMCID: PMC5030271 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the well-documented positive effect of exercise on health outcomes, most people do not succeed in exercising regularly. In addition to several other influences, affective states seem to support exercise participation. Associations between exercise and affect have been shown in the laboratory. However, the dynamic relation between affect and exercise in daily life is not yet well-understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the bi-directional effect of momentary affective states on naturally occurring exercise and vice versa in healthy participants in real-life environments by applying an ecological momentary assessment design. We hypothesized that (1) exercise duration is positively associated with affective states on a day level, (2) affective states in the morning predict subsequent exercise duration, and (3) exercise duration predicts affective states in the evening on that respective day. Data from N = 60 students aged between 19 and 32 years were analyzed. Affect and exercise duration were assessed daily over a period of 20 days via an electronic diary. Multilevel analysis revealed that positive affective valence was positively associated with exercise duration (p = 0.003) on a day level. In addition, the more the participants exercised that respective day, the better and more content they felt in the evening (p = 0.009). Energetic arousal in the morning significantly predicted subsequent exercise duration (p = 0.045). The findings indicate that it would be worthwhile to focus more on within-subject analyses when analyzing the dynamic relation between affect and exercise. Furthermore, affective states should be taken into account in creating effective interventions to foster exercise behavior and enhance maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schöndube
- Department of Sport Psychology, University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martina Kanning
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Konstanz Konstanz, Germany
| | - Reinhard Fuchs
- Department of Sport Psychology, University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
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Need Satisfaction Moderates the Association Between Physical Activity and Affective States in Adults Aged 50+: an Activity-Triggered Ambulatory Assessment. Ann Behav Med 2016; 51:18-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s12160-016-9824-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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Reichert M, Tost H, Reinhard I, Zipf A, Salize HJ, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Ebner-Priemer UW. Within-Subject Associations between Mood Dimensions and Non-exercise Activity: An Ambulatory Assessment Approach Using Repeated Real-Time and Objective Data. Front Psychol 2016; 7:918. [PMID: 27445891 PMCID: PMC4919351 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A physically active lifestyle has been related to positive health outcomes and high life expectancy, but the underlying psychological mechanisms maintaining physical activity are rarely investigated. Tremendous technological progress yielding sophisticated methodological approaches, i.e., ambulatory assessment, have recently enabled the study of these mechanisms in everyday life. In practice, accelerometers allow to continuously and objectively monitor physical activity. The combination with e-diaries makes it feasible to repeatedly assess mood states in real-time and real life and to relate them to physical activity. This state-of-the-art methodology comes with several advantages, like bypassing systematic distortions of retrospective methods, avoiding distortions seen in laboratory settings, and revealing an objective physical activity assessment. Most importantly, ambulatory assessment studies enable to analyze how physical activity and mood wax and wane within persons over time in contrast to existing studies on physical activity and mood which mostly investigated between-person associations. However, there are very few studies on how mood dimensions (i.e., feeling well, energetic and calm) drive non-exercise activity (NEA; such as climbing stairs) within persons. Recent reviews argued that some of these studies have methodological limitations, e.g., scarcely representative samples, short study periods, physical activity assessment via self-reports, and low sampling frequencies. To overcome these limitations, we conducted an ambulatory assessment study in a community-based sample of 106 adults over 1 week. Participants were asked to report mood ratings on e-diaries and to wear an accelerometer in daily life. We conducted multilevel analyses to investigate whether mood predicted NEA, which was defined as the mean acceleration within the 10-min interval directly following an e-diary assessment. Additionally, we analyzed the effects of NEA on different time frames following the e-diary prompts in an exploratory manner. Our results revealed that valence significantly and positively predicted NEA within persons (p = 0.001). Feeling more energetic was associated with significantly increased NEA (p < 0.001), whereas feeling calmer was associated with significantly decreased NEA (p < 0.001) on the within-person level. The analyses on different time frames of NEA largely confirmed our findings. In conclusion, we showed that mood predicted NEA within adults but with distinct magnitudes and directions of effects for each mood dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Reichert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg UniversityMannheim, Germany; Department of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruhe, Germany
| | - Heike Tost
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University Mannheim, Germany
| | - Iris Reinhard
- Division of Biostatistics, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alexander Zipf
- GIScience Research Group, Institute of Geography, Heidelberg University Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Salize
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ulrich W Ebner-Priemer
- Department of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruhe, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental HealthMannheim, Germany
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Kuo WY, Shyu YIL, Wang JS, Chen MC, Wu CC, Huang YF. The impact of sleep duration on recovery post-hip fracture among older diabetic adults in Taiwan. Geriatr Nurs 2015; 37:137-44. [PMID: 26708140 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study explored postoperative changes in sleep duration and physical activity and their relationships with physical function recovery, the muscular strength of the affected side and blood glucose control in elderly adults (n = 41) with diabetes mellitus (DM) who underwent surgery for hip fracture. Thirty-two participants (78.0%) had abnormal sleep durations for at least two time points, and they all had low physical activity levels (an average of 1348.2 kcal/day for the first month, 1377.9 kcal/day for the third month, and 1389.1 kcal/day for the sixth month) during the six months post-hip fracture. The participants with normal sleep durations showed greater femoral muscle improvement on the affected side (adduction: β = 3.70, p = 0.029; abduction: β = 7.25, p = 0.016) and better blood glucose control before meals (β = -73.29, p < 0.001) and after meals (β = -47.90, p = 0.007) compared with those with abnormal sleep durations. Those with higher physical activity levels had better physical function recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yu Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yea-Ing Lotus Shyu
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, 259 Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Jong-Shyan Wang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Chang Gung University, 259 Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chi Chen
- Department of Public Health & Biostatistics Consulting Center, Chang Gung University, 259 Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chuan Wu
- Traumatological Division, Department of Orthopedics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Hsin Street, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Fang Huang
- School of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, 261 Wenhwa 1st Rd, Kwei-shan District, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
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Liao Y, Shonkoff ET, Dunton GF. The Acute Relationships Between Affect, Physical Feeling States, and Physical Activity in Daily Life: A Review of Current Evidence. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1975. [PMID: 26779049 PMCID: PMC4688389 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently, most studies investigating the acute relationships between affective and physical feeling states and physical activity were conducted in controlled laboratory settings, whose results might not translate well to everyday life. This review was among the first attempts to synthesize current evidence on the acute (e.g., within a few hours) relationships between affective and physical feeling states and physical activity from studies conducted in free-living, naturalistic settings in non-clinical populations. A systematic literature search yielded 14 eligible studies for review. Six studies tested the relationship between affective states and subsequent physical activity; findings from these studies suggest that positive affective states were positively associated with physical activity over the next few hours while negative affective states had no significant association. Twelve studies tested affective states after physical activity and yielded consistent evidence for physical activity predicting higher positive affect over the next few hours. Further, there was some evidence that physical activity was followed by a higher level of energetic feelings in the next few hours. The evidence for physical activity reducing negative affect in the next few hours was inconsistent and inconclusive. Future research in this area should consider recruiting more representative study participants, utilizing higher methodological standards for assessment (i.e., electronic devices combined with accelerometry), reporting patterns of missing data, and investigating pertinent moderators and mediators (e.g., social and physical context, intensity, psychological variables). Knowledge gained from this topic could offer valuable insights for promoting daily physical activity adoption and maintenance in non-clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liao
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Genevieve F Dunton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
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