1
|
Treatment of Dyslipidemia through Targeted Therapy of Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15010228. [PMID: 36615885 PMCID: PMC9823358 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a multifaceted condition with various genetic and environmental factors contributing to its pathogenesis. Further, this condition represents an important risk factor for its related sequalae including cardiovascular diseases (CVD) such as coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke. Emerging evidence has shown that gut microbiota and their metabolites can worsen or protect against the development of dyslipidemia. Although there are currently numerous treatment modalities available including lifestyle modification and pharmacologic interventions, there has been promising research on dyslipidemia that involves the benefits of modulating gut microbiota in treating alterations in lipid metabolism. In this review, we examine the relationship between gut microbiota and dyslipidemia, the impact of gut microbiota metabolites on the development of dyslipidemia, and the current research on dietary interventions, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and microbiota transplant as therapeutic modalities in prevention of cardiovascular disease. Overall, understanding the mechanisms by which gut microbiota and their metabolites affect dyslipidemia progression will help develop more precise therapeutic targets to optimize lipid metabolism.
Collapse
|
2
|
Prenatal Bisphenol a Exposure and Postnatal Trans Fat Diet Alter Small Intestinal Morphology and Its Global DNA Methylation in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats, Leading to Obesity Development. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122382. [PMID: 35745112 PMCID: PMC9230851 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to determine whether a postnatal trans fat diet (TFD) could aggravate prenatal bisphenol A (BPA) exposure effects on offspring’s small intestine and adulthood obesity, due to the relatively sparse findings on how the interaction between these two variables interrupt the small intestinal cells. Twelve pregnant rats were administered with either unspiked drinking water (control; CTL) or BPA-spiked drinking water throughout pregnancy. Twelve weaned pups from each pregnancy group were then given either a normal diet (ND) or TFD from postnatal week (PNW) 3 until PNW14, divided into control offspring on normal diet (CTL-ND), BPA-exposed offspring on normal diet (BPA-ND), control offspring on trans fat diet (CTL-TFD), and BPA offspring on trans fat diet (BPA-TFD) groups. Body weight (BW), waist circumference, and food and water intake were measured weekly in offspring. At PNW14, small intestines were collected for global DNA methylation and histological analyses. Marked differences in BW were observed starting at PNW9 in BPA-TFD (389.5 ± 10.0 g; p < 0.05) relative to CTL-ND (339.0 ± 7.2 g), which persisted until PNW13 (505.0 ± 15.6 g). In contrast, water and food intake between offspring were significantly different (p < 0.01−0.05) at earlier ages only (PNW4−6 and PNW7−9, respectively). Furthermore, substantial differences in the general parameters of the intestinal structures were exclusive to ileum crypt length alone, whereby both BPA-ND (150.5 ± 5.1 μm; p < 0.001), and BPA-TFD (130.3 ± 9.9 μm; p < 0.05) were significantly longer than CTL-ND (96.8 ± 8.9 μm). Moreover, BPA-ND (2.898 ± 0.147%; p < 0.05) demonstrated global small intestinal hypermethylation when compared to CTL-ND and CTL-TFD (1.973 ± 0.232% and 1.913 ± 0.256%, respectively). Prenatal BPA exposure may significantly affect offspring’s physiological parameters and intestinal function. Additionally, our data suggest that there might be compensatory responses to postnatal TFD in the combined BPA prenatal group (BPA-TFD).
Collapse
|
3
|
Romão da Silva LDF, de Oliveira Y, de Souza EL, de Luna Freire MO, Braga VDA, Magnani M, de Brito Alves JL. Effects of probiotic therapy on cardio-metabolic parameters and autonomic modulation in hypertensive women: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Food Funct 2021; 11:7152-7163. [PMID: 32756643 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01661f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We assessed the effects of probiotic therapy for 8 weeks on cardiometabolic variables and autonomic function in women medically diagnosed with arterial hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty women with arterial hypertension, 20-50 years, were assigned to two groups in this randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Patients in the probiotic group received a daily sachet containing Lactobacillus para casei LPC-37, Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001, Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM, and Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 (109 CFU of each strain) for 8 weeks. Patients in the placebo group received identical sachets with polydextrose (1 g day-1, for 8 weeks). Anthropometric, BP, electrocardiogram, biochemical measurements, fecal microbiota composition, and glucose hydrogen breath test were assessed at baseline and after 8 weeks intervention. Anthropometric variables (weight, BMI, and waist circumference) were similar between the two groups (p > 0.05). Probiotic supplementation significantly reduced fasting glucose (change -10.3 mg dL-1, p < 0.05) and cholesterol levels (change -23.6 mg dL-1, p < 0.05), and increased the HDL-cholesterol (change 6.5 mg dL-1, p < 0.05) compared with the baseline condition. Probiotic supplementation lowered, although without statistical significance, systolic BP by about 5 mmHg and diastolic BP by about 2 mmHg in hypertensive women. Lastly, probiotic administration reduced the low frequency (LF) oscillation and LF/high frequency (HF) ratio (p < 0.05) in the frequency domain of heart rate variability, suggesting an improvement in autonomic modulation. CONCLUSION Probiotic therapy for 8 weeks reduced fasting glucose levels, and improved the lipid profile and autonomic modulation in hypertensive women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yohanna de Oliveira
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
| | - Evandro Leite de Souza
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Marciane Magnani
- Department of Food Engineering, Technology Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - José Luiz de Brito Alves
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
de Oliveira JVB, Lima RPA, Pordeus Luna RC, da Silva Diniz A, de Almeida ATC, de Oliveira NFP, Gonçalves MDCR, de Lima RT, de Lima Ferreira FEL, Diniz SCPDOR, Silva AS, Andrade e Silva AH, Persuhn DC, de Carvalho Costa MJ. The direct correlation between oxidative stress and LDL-C levels in adults is maintained by the Friedewald and Martin equations, but the methylation levels in the MTHFR and ADRB3 genes differ. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239989. [PMID: 33326437 PMCID: PMC7743960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) concentrations are a standard of care in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and are influenced by different factors. This study compared the LDL-C concentrations estimated by two different equations and determined their associations with inflammatory status, oxidative stress, anthropometric variables, food intake and DNA methylation levels in the LPL, ADRB3 and MTHFR genes. A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with 236 adults (median age 37.5 years) of both sexes from the municipality of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. The LDL-C concentrations were estimated according to the Friedewald and Martin equations. LPL, ADRB3 and MTHFR gene methylation levels; malondialdehyde levels; total antioxidant capacity; ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, homocysteine, cobalamin, and folic acid levels; usual dietary intake; and epidemiological variables were also determined. For each unit increase in malondialdehyde concentration there was an increase in the LDL-C concentration from 6.25 to 10.29 mg/dL (p <0.000). Based on the Martin equation (≥70 mg/dL), there was a decrease in the DNA methylation levels in the ADRB3 gene and an increase in the DNA methylation levels in the MTHFR gene (p <0.05). There was a positive relation of homocysteine and cholesterol intake on LDL-C concentrations estimated according to the Friedewald equation and of waist circumference and age based on the two estimates. It is concluded the LDL-C concentrations estimated by the Friedewald and Martin equations were different, and the Friedewald equation values were significantly lower than those obtained by the Martin equation. MDA was the variable that was most positively associated with the estimated LDL-C levels in all multivariate models. Significant relationships were observed based on the two estimates and occurred for most variables. The methylation levels of the ADRB3 and MTHFR genes were different according to the Martin equation at low LDL-C concentrations (70 mg/dL).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Vicky Bernardo de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Paraíba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba–UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Raquel Patrícia Ataíde Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Paraíba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba–UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Cristhine Pordeus Luna
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Paraíba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba–UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Alcides da Silva Diniz
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Pernambuco (Universidade Federal de Pernambuco—UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Aléssio Tony Cavalcanti de Almeida
- Postgraduate Program in Applied Economics, Department of Economics, Centre for Applied Social Sciences, UFPB, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Maria da Conceição Rodrigues Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Paraíba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba–UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Roberto Texeira de Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Paraíba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba–UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Flávia Emília Leite de Lima Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Paraíba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba–UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Sergio Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Paraíba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba–UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Darlene Camati Persuhn
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre for Exact and Natural Sciences, UFPB, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Maria José de Carvalho Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Paraíba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba–UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
An Y, Feng L, Zhang X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Tao L, Qin Z, Xiao R. Dietary intakes and biomarker patterns of folate, vitamin B 6, and vitamin B 12 can be associated with cognitive impairment by hypermethylation of redox-related genes NUDT15 and TXNRD1. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:139. [PMID: 31601260 PMCID: PMC6787977 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0741-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND B vitamins in the one-carbon metabolism pathway (folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12) have been implicated in DNA methylation, and their deficiency may contribute to cognitive decline through increased homocysteine (Hcy) levels and subsequent oxidative damage. The aim of this study was to investigate whether B vitamin deficiency and increased Hcy could interact with DNA methylation of oxidative-related genes and exacerbate cognitive impairment. METHODS Participants were selected from a large cohort study entitled the Effects and Mechanism Investigation of Cholesterol and Oxysterol on Alzheimer's disease (EMCOA) study. We included 2533 participants who completed a selection of comprehensive cognitive tests and a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and were followed for an average of 2.3 years. The longitudinal effects of B vitamin intake on cognitive decline were examined using linear mixed-effect models. Seven mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, in the predementia stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and fivev healthy controls were selected for the discovery of genome-wide differentially methylated CpG sites. Candidate oxidative stress-related genes significantly correlated with serum levels of B vitamins were selected for validation in 102 MCI patients and 68 controls. The correlations between DNA methylation levels and serum concentrations of B vitamins and oxidative biomarkers were analyzed with Spearman's correlation. The interactive effects of DNA methylation and B vitamins on cognitive performance were further evaluated by multiple linear regression. RESULTS In the prospective analysis, inadequate dietary intake of vitamin B12 was significantly associated with accelerated cognitive decline, whereas adequate folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 intakes were significantly associated with better cognitive reserve. In the case-control analysis, the DNA methylation levels of NUDT15 and TXNRD1 were examined, and significantly hypermethylated sites were identified in MCI patients. Significant correlations of hypermethylated sites with serum levels of folate, homocysteine (Hcy), and oxidative biomarkers were observed, and interactive effects of B vitamins and hypermethylated sites were significantly associated with cognitive performance. CONCLUSION Adequate dietary folate at baseline predicted a better cognitive reserve, while decreased serum levels of B vitamins may contribute to cognitive impairment by affecting methylation levels of specific redox-related genes. TRIAL REGISTRATION EMCOA, ChiCTR-OOC-17011882, Registered 5th, July 2017-Retrospectively registered, http://www.medresman.org/uc/project/projectedit.aspx?proj=2610.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu An
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Lingli Feng
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, 100069, China.,Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yushan Wang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Lingwei Tao
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, 100069, China
| | | | - Rong Xiao
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men Wai, Beijing, 100069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lima RPA, Ribeiro MR, de Farias Lima KQ, Sena EAD, de Oliveira Costa D, Luna RCP, do Nascimento RAF, da Conceição Rodrigues Gonçalves M, de Toledo Vianna RP, de Moraes RM, de Oliveira NFP, de Almeida ATC, de Carvalho Costa MJ. Methylation profile of the ADRB3 gene and its association with lipid profile and nutritional status in adults. Biol Res 2019; 52:21. [PMID: 30954083 PMCID: PMC6451774 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-019-0226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Defects in DNA methylation have been shown to be associated with metabolic diseases such as obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypercholesterolemia. To analyze the methylation profile of the ADRB3 gene and correlate it with lipid profile, lipid intake, and oxidative stress based on malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), homocysteine and folic acid levels, nutritional status, lifestyle, and socioeconomic variables in an adult population. A cross-sectional epidemiological study representative of the East and West regions of the municipality of João Pessoa, Paraíba state, Brazil, enrolled 265 adults of both genders. Demographic, lifestyle, and socioeconomic questionnaires and a 24-h recall questionnaire were applied by trained interviewers' home. Nutritional and biochemical evaluation (DNA methylation, lipid profile, MDA, TAC, homocysteine and folic acid levels) was performed. RESULTS DNA hypermethylation of the ADRB3 gene, analyzed in leukocytes, was present in 50% of subjects and was associated with a higher risk of being overweight (OR 3.28; p = 0.008) or obese (OR 3.06; p = 0.017), a higher waist-hip ratio in males (OR 1.17; p = 0.000), greater intake of trans fats (OR 1.94; p = 0.032), higher LDL (OR 2.64; p = 0.003) and triglycerides (OR 1.81; p = 0.031), and higher folic acid levels (OR 1.85; p = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that epigenetic changes in the ADRB3 gene locus may explain the development of obesity and non-communicable diseases associated with trans-fat intake, altered lipid profile, and elevated folic acid. Because of its persistence, DNA methylation may have an impact in adults, in association with the development of non-communicable diseases. This study is the first population-based study of the ADRB3 gene, and the data further support evaluation of ADRB3 DNA methylation as an effective biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Patrícia Ataíde Lima
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Health Sciences Center (Centro de Ciências da Saúde, CCS), Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Marina Ramalho Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Health Sciences Center (Centro de Ciências da Saúde, CCS), Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Keylha Querino de Farias Lima
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Health Sciences Center (Centro de Ciências da Saúde, CCS), Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Elisama Araújo de Sena
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Health Sciences Center (Centro de Ciências da Saúde, CCS), Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Diego de Oliveira Costa
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Health Sciences Center (Centro de Ciências da Saúde, CCS), Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Cristhine Pordeus Luna
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Health Sciences Center (Centro de Ciências da Saúde, CCS), Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ronei Marcos de Moraes
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Health Sciences Center (Centro de Ciências da Saúde, CCS), Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Luna RCP, Dos Santos Nunes MK, Monteiro MGCA, da Silva CSO, do Nascimento RAF, Lima RPA, Pimenta FCF, de Oliveira NFP, Persuhn DC, de Almeida ATC, da Silva Diniz A, Pissetti CW, Vianna RPT, de Lima Ferreira FEL, Rodrigues Gonçalves MDC, de Carvalho Costa MJ. α-Tocopherol influences glycaemic control and miR-9-3 DNA methylation in overweight and obese women under an energy-restricted diet: a randomized, double-blind, exploratory, controlled clinical trial. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2018; 15:49. [PMID: 30008789 PMCID: PMC6042339 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-018-0286-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Excess weight is a strong risk factor for the development of dysglycaemia. It has been suggested that changes in the metabolism microRNAs, small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression, could precede late glycaemic changes. Vitamin E in turn may exert important functions in methylation and gene expression processes. This study aimed to determine the effect of α-tocopherol on glycaemic variables and miR-9-1 and miR-9-3 promoter DNA methylation in overweight women. Methods A randomized, double-blind, exploratory, placebo-controlled study was conducted in overweight and obese adult women (n = 44) who ingested synthetic vitamin E (all-rac-α-tocopherol), natural source vitamin E (RRR-rac-α-tocopherol) or placebo capsules and were followed up for a period of 8 weeks. Supplemented groups also received dietary guidance for an energy-restricted diet. An additional group that received no supplementation and did not follow an energy-restricted diet was also followed up. The intervention effect was evaluated by DNA methylation levels (quantitative real-time PCR assay) and anthropometric and biochemical variables (fasting plasma glucose, haemoglobin A1C, insulin, and vitamin E). Results Increased methylation levels of the miR-9-3 promoter region (P < 0.001) and reduced haemoglobin A1C (P < 0.05) were observed in the natural source vitamin E group after intervention. Increased fasting plasma glucose was observed in the synthetic vitamin E group, despite the significant reduction of anthropometric variables compared to the other groups. Conclusions α-Tocopherol from natural sources increased methylation levels of the miR-9-3 promoter region and reduced haemoglobin A1C in overweight women following an energy-restricted diet. These results provide novel information about the influence of vitamin E on DNA methylation. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02922491. Registered 4 October, 2016. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12986-018-0286-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafaella Cristhine Pordeus Luna
- 1Postgraduate in Nutrition Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba), João Pessoa, Paraíba 58051-900 Brazil.,10Postgraduate in Nutrition Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Health and Nutrition Studies Interdisciplinary Center (NIESN), Federal University of Paraíba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba), Castelo Branco, João Pessoa, Paraíba 58051-900 Brazil
| | - Mayara Karla Dos Santos Nunes
- 2Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba), João Pessoa, Paraíba 58059-900 Brazil
| | - Mussara Gomes Cavalcante Alves Monteiro
- 1Postgraduate in Nutrition Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba), João Pessoa, Paraíba 58051-900 Brazil
| | - Cássia Surama Oliveira da Silva
- 3Health and Nutrition Studies Interdisciplinary Center, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba), João Pessoa, Paraíba 58051-900 Brazil
| | - Rayner Anderson Ferreira do Nascimento
- 2Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba), João Pessoa, Paraíba 58059-900 Brazil
| | - Raquel Patrícia Ataíde Lima
- 1Postgraduate in Nutrition Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba), João Pessoa, Paraíba 58051-900 Brazil
| | - Flávia Cristina Fernandes Pimenta
- 4Department of Internal Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba), João Pessoa, Paraíba 58051-900 Brazil
| | - Naila Francis Paulo de Oliveira
- 5Departament of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba), João Pessoa, 58059-900 Paraíba Brasil
| | - Darlene Camati Persuhn
- 1Postgraduate in Nutrition Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba), João Pessoa, Paraíba 58051-900 Brazil.,2Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba), João Pessoa, Paraíba 58059-900 Brazil.,5Departament of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba), João Pessoa, 58059-900 Paraíba Brasil
| | - Aléssio Tony Cavalcanti de Almeida
- 6Department of Economics, Postgraduate Program in Applied Economics and Economics of the Public Sector, Center for Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba), João Pessoa, Paraíba 58059-900 Brazil
| | - Alcides da Silva Diniz
- 7Department of Nutrition, Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco 50670901 Brazil
| | - Cristina Wide Pissetti
- 8Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba), João Pessoa, Paraíba 58051-900 Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Pinheiro Toledo Vianna
- 9Department of Nutrition, Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba), João Pessoa, Paraíba 58051-900 Brazil
| | - Flavia Emília Leite de Lima Ferreira
- 9Department of Nutrition, Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba), João Pessoa, Paraíba 58051-900 Brazil
| | - Maria da Conceição Rodrigues Gonçalves
- 1Postgraduate in Nutrition Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba), João Pessoa, Paraíba 58051-900 Brazil.,9Department of Nutrition, Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba), João Pessoa, Paraíba 58051-900 Brazil
| | - Maria José de Carvalho Costa
- 1Postgraduate in Nutrition Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba), João Pessoa, Paraíba 58051-900 Brazil.,9Department of Nutrition, Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba), João Pessoa, Paraíba 58051-900 Brazil
| |
Collapse
|