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Kim D, Ansari MM, Ghosh M, Heo Y, Choi KC, Son YO. Implications of obesity-mediated cellular dysfunction and adipocytokine signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Mol Aspects Med 2025; 103:101361. [PMID: 40156972 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2025.101361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2025] [Accepted: 03/25/2025] [Indexed: 04/01/2025]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage degradation, bone sclerosis, and chronic low-grade inflammation. Aging and injury play key roles in OA pathogenesis by triggering the release of proinflammatory factors from adipose tissue and other sources. Obesity and aging impair the function of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones, leading to ER stress, protein misfolding, and cellular apoptosis. Obesity also induces mitochondrial dysfunction in OA through oxidative stress and disrupts mitochondrial dynamics, exacerbating chondrocyte damage. These factors contribute to inflammation, matrix imbalance, and chondrocyte apoptosis. Adipocytes, the primary source of adipokines, release inflammatory mediators that affect joint cells. Several adipocytokines have a central role in the regulation of many aspects of inflammation. Adiponectin and leptin are the two most abundant adipocytokines that are strongly associated with OA progression. This literature review suggests that adipokines activate many signaling pathways to exert downstream effects and play significant roles in obesity-induced OA. Understanding this rapidly growing family of mainly adipocyte-derived mediators and obesity-mediated cellular dysfunction may be important in the development of new therapies for obesity-associated OA management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahye Kim
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Md Meraj Ansari
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life, Sciences Jeju National University, Jeju-si, 63243, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mrinmoy Ghosh
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life, Sciences Jeju National University, Jeju-si, 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yunji Heo
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life, Sciences Jeju National University, Jeju-si, 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki-Choon Choi
- Grassland and Forage Division, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan, 31000, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Ok Son
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life, Sciences Jeju National University, Jeju-si, 63243, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, 63243, Republic of Korea; Bio-Health Materials Core-Facility Center, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, 63243, Republic of Korea; Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
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Zhao X, Lin J, Liu F, Zhang Y, Shi B, Ma C, Wang Z, Xue S, Xu Q, Shao H, Yang J, Gao Y. Targeting p21-Positive Senescent Chondrocytes via IL-6R/JAK2 Inhibition to Alleviate Osteoarthritis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2025; 12:e2410795. [PMID: 39853717 PMCID: PMC11923994 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202410795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2024] [Revised: 12/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2025]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related degenerative joint disease, prominently influenced by the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6). Although elevated IL-6 levels in joint fluid are well-documented, the uneven cartilage degeneration observed in knee OA patients suggests additional underlying mechanisms. This study investigates the role of interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) in mediating IL-6 signaling and its contribution to OA progression. Here, significantly elevated IL-6R expression is identified in degenerated cartilage of OA patients. Further, in vivo experiments reveal that intra-articular injection of recombinant IL-6R protein or activation of gp130 (Y757F mutation) accelerates OA progression. Conversely, knockout of IL-6R or JAK2, as well as treatment with a JAK inhibitor, alleviates OA symptoms. Mechanistically, chondrocytes derived from degenerative cartilage exhibit impaired nuclear localization of SOX9, a key regulator of cartilage homeostasis. JAK inhibition stabilizes SIRT1, reduces SOX9 acetylation, and thereby facilitates SOX9 nuclear localization, promoting cartilage repair. Additionally, the JAK inhibitor-induced apoptosis in p21-positive senescent cells, and their targeted clearance successfully alleviates OA in p21-3MR mice. In conclusion, these findings reveal a novel mechanism by which inhibiting the IL-6R/JAK2 pathway can alleviate OA. Furthermore, this study proposes targeting p21-positive senescent cells as a new therapeutic strategy for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhao
- Department of Surgery of Spine and Spinal CordHenan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityPeople's Hospital of Henan UniversityNo.7 Weiwu RoadZhengzhouHenan450003China
| | - Jieming Lin
- Department of OrthopaedicsRenji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityNo. 160 Pujian RoadShanghai200127China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Interventional OncologyRenji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University160 Pujian RoadShanghai200127China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Surgery of Spine and Spinal CordHenan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityPeople's Hospital of Henan UniversityNo.7 Weiwu RoadZhengzhouHenan450003China
| | - Bo Shi
- Division of Spine SurgeryDepartment of Orthopedic SurgeryAffiliated Drum Tower HospitalMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing210008China
| | - Chunhui Ma
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200080China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineZhengzhou University People's HospitalHenan Provincial People's HospitalZhengzhou450003China
| | - Song Xue
- Clinical Research CentreZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510000China
| | - Qingrong Xu
- Department of OrthopaedicsRenji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityNo. 160 Pujian RoadShanghai200127China
| | - Hongda Shao
- Department of Nuclear MedicineRen Ji HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine160 Pujian RoadShanghai200127China
| | - Jingxing Yang
- School of Biomedical EngineeringMed‐X Research InstituteShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030China
| | - Yanzheng Gao
- Department of Surgery of Spine and Spinal CordHenan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityPeople's Hospital of Henan UniversityNo.7 Weiwu RoadZhengzhouHenan450003China
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Kim MJ, Yang YJ, Heo JW, Son JD, You YZ, Yang JH, Park KI. Potential Chondroprotective Effect of Artemisia annua L. Water Extract on SW1353 Cell. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:1901. [PMID: 40076528 PMCID: PMC11899987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26051901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2025] [Revised: 02/21/2025] [Accepted: 02/21/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective properties of Artemisia annua L. water extract (AWE) following the induction of inflammation in cartilage cells (SW1353 cell) through the administration of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). We demonstrated significant antioxidant activity, as evidenced by elevated total phenolic and flavonoid content, in addition to robust free radical scavenging capacity, as assessed through DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays. Its cytotoxic effects were assessed at a concentration of 200 μg/mL, where no cytotoxic signs were observed in SW1353 cells treated with IL-1β; the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were notably reduced in a dose-dependent manner. The principal inflammatory markers, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), were significantly diminished by AWE treatment. AWE administration led to a dose-dependent reduction in the expression of key proteins involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-κB) signaling pathways, ultimately resulting in a decrease in the release of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), specifically MMP-1 and MMP-13, which are known to contribute to cartilage degradation. Additionally, the levels of degraded collagen type II in the cartilage cells were restored. These findings suggest that reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, along with inhibiting activated MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, may ameliorate the progression of IL-1β-induced OA. Furthermore, a molecular docking analysis revealed a strong binding affinity of MMP-13, a critical mediator in the pathogenesis of OA. Six compounds were identified in AWE, corroborating its potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, AWE may serve as a potentially useful therapeutic agent against OA by modulating inflammation-related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (M.J.K.); (Y.J.Y.); (J.W.H.); (J.-d.S.); (Y.Z.Y.)
| | - Ye Jin Yang
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (M.J.K.); (Y.J.Y.); (J.W.H.); (J.-d.S.); (Y.Z.Y.)
| | - Ji Woong Heo
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (M.J.K.); (Y.J.Y.); (J.W.H.); (J.-d.S.); (Y.Z.Y.)
| | - Jae-dong Son
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (M.J.K.); (Y.J.Y.); (J.W.H.); (J.-d.S.); (Y.Z.Y.)
| | - Young Zoo You
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (M.J.K.); (Y.J.Y.); (J.W.H.); (J.-d.S.); (Y.Z.Y.)
| | - Ju-Hye Yang
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kwang Il Park
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (M.J.K.); (Y.J.Y.); (J.W.H.); (J.-d.S.); (Y.Z.Y.)
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Guo P, Alhaskawi A, Adel Abdo Moqbel S, Pan Z. Recent development of mitochondrial metabolism and dysfunction in osteoarthritis. Front Pharmacol 2025; 16:1538662. [PMID: 40017603 PMCID: PMC11865096 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1538662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2025] [Indexed: 03/01/2025] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disorder characterized by cartilage degradation, synovial inflammation, and altered subchondral bone structure. Recent insights have identified mitochondrial dysfunction as a pivotal factor in OA pathogenesis, contributing to chondrocyte apoptosis, oxidative stress, and extracellular matrix degradation. Disruptions in mitochondrial dynamics, including impaired biogenesis, mitophagy, and metabolic shifts from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, exacerbate cartilage damage by promoting the production of reactive oxygen species and matrix-degrading enzymes such as ADAMTS and MMPs. This review explores the molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction in OA, emphasizing its role in cartilage homeostasis and inflammation. Furthermore, it highlights emerging therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial pathways, including antioxidants, mitophagy enhancers, and metabolic modulators, as potential interventions to mitigate disease progression, which offer promising avenues for advancing personalized and disease-modifying treatments in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengchao Guo
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ahmad Alhaskawi
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Safwat Adel Abdo Moqbel
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Chirumbolo S, Franzini M, Valdenassi L. About the ozone ability in using adaptive chaos to restore a healthy state in the oxygen-ozone adjunct therapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2025; 147:113967. [PMID: 39740504 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2024] [Revised: 12/19/2024] [Accepted: 12/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/02/2025]
Abstract
The action of ozone in medicine is a subject of interest and lively, controversial debates. Its mechanisms of action are still far from fully understood. However, it is possible that ozone triggers a series of dynamics in living organisms related to chaos, multi-stable phenomena, and oscillatory processes. Ozone may be involved in adaptive chaos. Adaptive chaos in health and the reduction of complexity in pathology are interconnected phenomena that describe the functional dynamics of biological systems. Adaptive chaos refers to a state of controlled, complex, and flexible behaviour exhibited by healthy biological systems. It allows for a dynamic balance between order and unpredictability, enabling the system to respond to various internal and external stimuli. In pathological states, the system loses its adaptive chaos, often becoming either too rigid or overly chaotic. This reduction in complexity limits the ability of the system to respond effectively to stimuli, making it prone to dysfunction. This paper addresses the role of ozone in these scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marianno Franzini
- Italian Scientific Society of Oxygen-Ozone Therapy (SIOOT) and High Master School of Oxygen-Ozone Therapy, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Luigi Valdenassi
- Italian Scientific Society of Oxygen-Ozone Therapy (SIOOT) and High Master School of Oxygen-Ozone Therapy, University of Pavia, Italy
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