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Brette JB, Colombat M, Fournier P, Moninhas M, Marcheix B, Lairez O, Cariou E. Descriptive study of the clinical and myocardial status of a population with anatomopathological aortic valve amyloidosis. Cardiovasc Pathol 2024; 73:107674. [PMID: 39025343 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aortic stenosis (AS) and transthyretin (ATTR) cardiac amyloidosis (CA) share the same clinical profiles and cardiac phenotype. Amyloid deposits have been frequently reported in aortic valves of patients with severe AS referred for surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). The aim of this study was to determine the clinical and myocardial status of patients with aortic valve amyloidosis after aortic valve surgery. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a retrospective descriptive study of 46 patients who underwent SAVR for severe AS with amyloid deposits upon histological analysis. All patients were screened for cardiac involvement. Amyloid deposits typing was successful in 35 (76%) patients and 28 (80%) were ATTR. Two (4%) had positive bone scintigraphy and among the 5 myocardial biopsies performed during surgery, 80% were positive for ATTR deposits. CONCLUSION ATTR is the predominant type in the presence of amyloid deposits on the aortic valve after surgery for severe AS but is only rarely accompanied by cardiac uptake on bone scintigraphy. Early stages of myocardial involvement are frequent and myocardial biopsy is more sensitive for detection of mild amyloid deposits than bone scintigraphy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Brette
- Department of Cardiology, Toulouse University Hospital, France; Cardiac Imaging Center, Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Magali Colombat
- Medical School, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France; Department of Pathology, IUCT Oncopôle, Toulouse France
| | - Pauline Fournier
- Department of Cardiology, Toulouse University Hospital, France; Cardiac Imaging Center, Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Maxime Moninhas
- Department of Cardiology, Toulouse University Hospital, France; Cardiac Imaging Center, Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Bertrand Marcheix
- Medical School, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Olivier Lairez
- Department of Cardiology, Toulouse University Hospital, France; Cardiac Imaging Center, Toulouse University Hospital, France; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Toulouse University Hospital, France; Medical School, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France.
| | - Eve Cariou
- Department of Cardiology, Toulouse University Hospital, France; Cardiac Imaging Center, Toulouse University Hospital, France
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Pereira T, Fernandes RM, Mata E, Azevedo O, Bento D, Jesus I, Lourenço A. Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy in severe aortic stenosis submitted to valve replacement: a multicenter study. Future Cardiol 2024:1-12. [PMID: 39229685 DOI: 10.1080/14796678.2024.2393031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of TTR amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) in severe aortic stenosis (SAS) patients, and to determine the independent predictors of major adverse events (MAE).Patients & methods: 91 SAS patients >65 years with an interventricular septum thickness ≥12.5 mm were referred for aortic valve replacement (AVR). 99mTc-DPD scintigraphy was applied to diagnose ATTR-CM, in the absence of monoclonal protein.Results: ATTR-CM was found in 11%. 78% of patients underwent AVR, but only 2 had ATTR-CM. There were no significant differences in the composite of all cause-mortality or cardiovascular hospitalizations. Lower left ventricle ejection fraction and not performing AVR were independent predictors of MAE.Conclusion: Not performing AVR was an independent predictor of MAE, regardless the ATTR-CM diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Pereira
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Senhora da Oliveira - Guimarães, Guimarães, 4835-044, Portugal
| | - Raquel Menezes Fernandes
- Cardiology Department, Unidade Local de Saúde do Algarve - Hospital de Faro, Faro, 8000-386, Portugal
| | - Emídio Mata
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Senhora da Oliveira - Guimarães, Guimarães, 4835-044, Portugal
| | - Olga Azevedo
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Senhora da Oliveira - Guimarães, Guimarães, 4835-044, Portugal
- Reference Center of Lysosomal Storage Disorders, Hospital Senhora da Oliveira - Guimarães, Guimarães, 4835-044, Portugal
| | - Dina Bento
- Cardiology Department, Unidade Local de Saúde do Algarve - Hospital de Faro, Faro, 8000-386, Portugal
| | - Ilídio Jesus
- Cardiology Department, Unidade Local de Saúde do Algarve - Hospital de Faro, Faro, 8000-386, Portugal
| | - António Lourenço
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Senhora da Oliveira - Guimarães, Guimarães, 4835-044, Portugal
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Magalhães GCM, Bezerra LC, Binensztok B, Vilela MR, das Neves Braga EF, de Brito ASX, Camargo GC, Camillis LF, Rey HCV, Weksler C. Challenges in the approach to a patient with aortic stenosis and cardiac amyloidosis with ATTR mutation associated with negative scintigraphy - A case report. AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL PLUS : CARDIOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024; 45:100444. [PMID: 39282010 PMCID: PMC11395716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahjo.2024.100444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) poses significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. In this case report, we detail a patient with CA due to a rare transthyretin (CA-TTR) mutation, manifesting with negative myocardial scintigraphy and requiring genetic testing for diagnosis. The patient also had severe aortic stenosis (AS), necessitating discussion with a heart team to determine the optimal treatment strategy. Case report A 70-year-old male with a family history of sudden death was previously diagnosed with third-degree atrioventricular block and treated with a pacemaker. He presented with worsening exertional dyspnoea, and examination revealed a third heart sound, a systolic murmur indicative of AS and bilateral muscular atrophy in the thenar region. Transthoracic echocardiography indicated severe AS and moderate left ventricular dysfunction, with images suggesting infiltrative disease. Pyrophosphate scintigraphy revealed no abnormal cardiac tracer uptake. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed extensive, heterogeneous, subendocardial late gadolinium enhancement in both the atria and ventricles, which was consistent with CA. Genetic testing identified the Phe84Leu mutation in the TTR gene. Following heart team discussions, the patient underwent successful transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and remained asymptomatic in follow-up, being monitored at an outpatient clinic specializing in CA and using tafamidis. Discussion CA-TTR can be an autosomal dominant disease with variable penetrance involving abnormal amyloid protein deposition in tissues and can often be diagnosed noninvasively via myocardial scintigraphy. However, some TTR mutations do not affect scintigraphy results, necessitating genetic testing when clinical suspicion is high, potentially avoiding endomyocardial biopsy. Moreover, AS occurs in up to 16 % of TTR amyloidosis patients, with the conditions mutually exacerbating each other. Recent consensus suggests that TAVI reduces mortality in patients with severe AS and amyloidosis. Conclusions Various diagnostic algorithms emphasize the use of myocardial scintigraphy for suspected CA-TTR. Genetic testing is crucial when scintigraphy results are negative, but clinical suspicion remains high, potentially circumventing invasive procedures. Compared with medical management alone, TAVI has been shown to improve quality of life and survival in patients with concurrent severe AS and CA.
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Costa J, El-Ali A, Morland D, Dejust S, Papathanassiou D, Nazeyrollas P, Metz D. Cardiac amyloidosis prevalence and 1-year outcome in patients with aortic stenosis undergoing transaortic valve implantation: Findings from the CAMPOS-TAVI study. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2024:S1875-2136(24)00281-X. [PMID: 39153878 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) can manifest as rhythm disorders, heart failure, but also valvular degeneration. Despite aortic stenosis (AS) being prevalent among the elderly, data on ATTR-CM prevalence and outcome in patients with AS undergoing transaortic valve implantation (TAVI) remain scarce. AIM To determine ATTR-CM prevalence and evaluate 1-year survival in patients undergoing TAVI. METHODS Between December 2020 and September 2021, 100 consecutive patients underwent TAVI and were screened prospectively for ATTR-CM using bone scintigraphy (BS). Monoclonal gammopathy was ruled out in case of cardiac uptake on BS. All patients were followed prospectively for 1year after TAVI. RESULTS The proportion of patients aged≥75years or with a EuroSCORE II>8% and possible femoral access was 99%. The abnormal cardiac uptake rate on BS was 7% (95% confidence interval: 2-12%); 86% of these patients were male. The RAISE (remodelling, age, injury, system and electrical) score, indicative of ATTR-CM risk, was higher in case of positive BS (P=0.04). Patients with positive BS were older and exhibited wider QRS complexes on electrocardiography (P=0.003), a higher frequency of reduced LVEF (57% vs. 17%), impaired basal LV strain (P=0.02) and a lower voltage/mass ratio (P=0.01). History of pacemaker implantation before TAVI was higher in the positive BS group (P=0.0004) and remained the only statistically significant factor after adjustment using the Holm-Bonferroni method. One-year survival of patients with positive BS did not differ from that of patients with isolated AS. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of ATTR-CM in patients treated with TAVI, underscoring the need for continued surveillance for potential development of ATTR-CM after TAVI. Caution is warranted regarding the 1-year survival because of the lack of study power. Further investigations are needed to define long-term prognosis of AS with ATTR-CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Costa
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital of Reims, rue du Général-Koenig, 51100 Reims, France.
| | - Ahmed El-Ali
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital of Reims, rue du Général-Koenig, 51100 Reims, France
| | - David Morland
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Institut Godinot, 51100 Reims, France; Laboratoire de Biophysique, UFR de Médecine, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France; CReSTIC UR 3804, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Sebastien Dejust
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Institut Godinot, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Dimitri Papathanassiou
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Institut Godinot, 51100 Reims, France; Laboratoire de Biophysique, UFR de Médecine, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France; CReSTIC UR 3804, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Pierre Nazeyrollas
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital of Reims, rue du Général-Koenig, 51100 Reims, France; Laboratoire de recherche en Santé Publique, Vieillissement, Qualité de vie et Réadaptation des Sujets Fragiles, EA 3797, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Damien Metz
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital of Reims, rue du Général-Koenig, 51100 Reims, France
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Annabi M, Carter‐Storch R, Zaroui A, Galat A, Oghina S, Kharoubi M, Bezard M, Derumeaux G, Fanen P, Lemonnier F, Poullot E, Itti E, Gallet R, Teiger E, Pibarot P, Damy T, Clavel M. Prevalence, Characteristics, and Impact on Prognosis of Aortic Stenosis in Patients With Cardiac Amyloidosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e034723. [PMID: 38904242 PMCID: PMC11255711 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.124.034723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is frequently found in older patients with aortic stenosis (AS). However, the prevalence of AS among patients with CA is unknown. The objective was to study the prevalence and prognostic impact of AS among patients with CA. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted a retrospective analysis of a prospective registry comprising 976 patients with native aortic valves who were confirmed with wild type transthyretin amyloid (ATTRwt), hereditary variant transthyretin amyloid (ATTRv), or immunoglobulin light-chain (AL) CA. CA patients' echocardiograms were re-analyzed focusing on the aortic valve. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the mortality risk associated with moderate or greater AS in ATTRwt CA. The crude prevalence of AS among patients with CA was 26% in ATTRwt, 8% in ATTRv, and 5% in AL. Compared with population-based controls, all types of CA had higher age- and sex-standardized rate ratios (SRRs) of having any degree of AS (AL: SRR, 2.62; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [1.09-3.64]; ATTRv: SRR, 3.41; 95%CI [1.64-4.60]; ATTRwt: SRR, 10.8; 95%CI [5.25-14.53]). Compared with hospital controls, only ATTRwt had a higher SRR of having any degree of AS (AL: SRR, 0.97, 95%CI [0.56-1.14]; ATTRv: SRR, 1.27; 95%CI [0.85-1.44]; ATTRwt: SRR, 4.01; 95%CI [2.71-4.54]). Among patients with ATTRwt, moderate or greater AS was not associated with increased all-cause death after multivariable adjustment (hazard ratio, 0.71; 95%CI [0.42-1.19]; P=0.19). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with CA, ATTRwt but not ATTRv or AL is associated with a higher prevalence of patients with AS compared with hospital controls without CA, even after adjusting for age and sex. In our population, having moderate or greater AS was not associated with a worse outcome in patients with ATTRwt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed‐Salah Annabi
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de PneumologieUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
- Referral Center for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Mondor Amyloidosis Network, GRC Amyloid Research Institute and Cardiology DepartmentAPHP Henri Mondor HospitalCréteilFrance
- INSERM U955, Team «Senescence, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases»Paris‐Est Créteil University (UPEC)CréteilFrance
| | - Rasmus Carter‐Storch
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de PneumologieUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
- Department of CardiologyOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
| | - Amira Zaroui
- Referral Center for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Mondor Amyloidosis Network, GRC Amyloid Research Institute and Cardiology DepartmentAPHP Henri Mondor HospitalCréteilFrance
- INSERM Unit U955Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing (CEpiA, Paris‐Est Créteil University, Val‐de‐Marne)CréteilFrance
| | - Arnault Galat
- Referral Center for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Mondor Amyloidosis Network, GRC Amyloid Research Institute and Cardiology DepartmentAPHP Henri Mondor HospitalCréteilFrance
- INSERM Unit U955Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing (CEpiA, Paris‐Est Créteil University, Val‐de‐Marne)CréteilFrance
| | - Silvia Oghina
- Referral Center for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Mondor Amyloidosis Network, GRC Amyloid Research Institute and Cardiology DepartmentAPHP Henri Mondor HospitalCréteilFrance
| | - Mounira Kharoubi
- Referral Center for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Mondor Amyloidosis Network, GRC Amyloid Research Institute and Cardiology DepartmentAPHP Henri Mondor HospitalCréteilFrance
- INSERM Unit U955Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing (CEpiA, Paris‐Est Créteil University, Val‐de‐Marne)CréteilFrance
| | - Mélanie Bezard
- Referral Center for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Mondor Amyloidosis Network, GRC Amyloid Research Institute and Cardiology DepartmentAPHP Henri Mondor HospitalCréteilFrance
- INSERM Unit U955Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing (CEpiA, Paris‐Est Créteil University, Val‐de‐Marne)CréteilFrance
| | - Geneviève Derumeaux
- INSERM U955, Team «Senescence, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases»Paris‐Est Créteil University (UPEC)CréteilFrance
- AP‐HP, Department of PhysiologyHenri Mondor Hospital, FHU‐SENECCréteilFrance
| | - Pascale Fanen
- Referral Center for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Mondor Amyloidosis Network, GRC Amyloid Research Institute and Cardiology DepartmentAPHP Henri Mondor HospitalCréteilFrance
- INSERM Unit U955Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing (CEpiA, Paris‐Est Créteil University, Val‐de‐Marne)CréteilFrance
| | - François Lemonnier
- AP‐HP, Henri Mondor HospitalLymphoid Malignancies UnitCréteilFrance
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRBCréteilFrance
| | - Elsa Poullot
- Referral Center for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Mondor Amyloidosis Network, GRC Amyloid Research Institute and Cardiology DepartmentAPHP Henri Mondor HospitalCréteilFrance
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRBCréteilFrance
- Department of PathologyAP‐HP Henri Mondor HospitalCréteilFrance
| | - Emmanuel Itti
- Referral Center for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Mondor Amyloidosis Network, GRC Amyloid Research Institute and Cardiology DepartmentAPHP Henri Mondor HospitalCréteilFrance
- INSERM Unit U955Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing (CEpiA, Paris‐Est Créteil University, Val‐de‐Marne)CréteilFrance
| | - Romain Gallet
- Referral Center for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Mondor Amyloidosis Network, GRC Amyloid Research Institute and Cardiology DepartmentAPHP Henri Mondor HospitalCréteilFrance
- INSERM Unit U955Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing (CEpiA, Paris‐Est Créteil University, Val‐de‐Marne)CréteilFrance
| | - Emmanuel Teiger
- Referral Center for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Mondor Amyloidosis Network, GRC Amyloid Research Institute and Cardiology DepartmentAPHP Henri Mondor HospitalCréteilFrance
- INSERM Unit U955Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing (CEpiA, Paris‐Est Créteil University, Val‐de‐Marne)CréteilFrance
| | - Philippe Pibarot
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de PneumologieUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Thibaud Damy
- Referral Center for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Mondor Amyloidosis Network, GRC Amyloid Research Institute and Cardiology DepartmentAPHP Henri Mondor HospitalCréteilFrance
- INSERM Unit U955Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing (CEpiA, Paris‐Est Créteil University, Val‐de‐Marne)CréteilFrance
| | - Marie‐Annick Clavel
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de PneumologieUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
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Ji M, Pu J, Jiang L, Wang X, Zuo C. A commentary on 'Meta-analysis of post-transcatheter aortic valve replacement outcomes in patients with cardiac amyloidosis and aortic stenosis'. Int J Surg 2024; 110:4418-4419. [PMID: 39042089 PMCID: PMC11254184 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000001271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Pu
- Department of Oncology, Lianshui People’s Hospital, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu
| | - Lili Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Deji Hospital, Qingdao University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Deji Hospital, Qingdao University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caojian Zuo
- Department of Cardiology
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Deji Hospital, Qingdao University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Fatima K, Uddin QS, Tharwani ZH, Kashif MAB, Javaid SS, Kumar P, Zia MT, Javed M, Butt MS, Asim Z. Concomitant transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis in patients undergoing TAVR for aortic stenosis: A systemic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol 2024; 402:131854. [PMID: 38367883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.131854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a successful treatment for aortic stenosis (AS) patients, and previous studies indicate favorable outcomes for those with concomitant aortic stenosis and transthyretin-associated cardiac amyloidosis (TTRCA-AS). However, the impact of TAVR on more adverse outcomes in TTRCA-AS patients compared to those with AS alone is still uncertain, with conflicting findings reported in the literature. METHODS PubMed and Scopus were extensively searched from inception till August 2021. Studies were included if they reported data for prevalence and outcomes including mortality and cardiovascular-related hospitalization events in TTRCA-AS patients referred for TAVR. The data for these outcomes were pooled using a random effects model and forest plots were created. RESULTS After initially screening 146 articles, 6 were shortlisted for inclusion in our analysis. Pooled analysis demonstrated a 13.3% [95% CI: 10.9-16.5; p = 0.307] prevalence of TTRCA in patients with AS undergoing TAVR. The incidence of mortality and cardiovascular (CV) hospitalization in patients with TTRCA-AS undergoing TAVR were 28.3% [95% CI: 18.7-39.0, p = 0.478] and 21.1% [95% CI: 10.2-34.5, p = 0.211], respectively. CONCLUSION The overall pooled TTRCA-AS prevalence was reported to be 13.3% in AS patients who underwent TAVR. Furthermore, transthyretin-associated CA was found to be associated with an increased risk of mortality and hospitalization. Large patient population studies are required to assess the safety and efficacy of TAVR in TTRCA-AS patients, as current research report data from small patient cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaneez Fatima
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Qazi Shurjeel Uddin
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Syed Sarmad Javaid
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Prince Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Twaha Zia
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Maarij Javed
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Malaika Saeed Butt
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zoraiz Asim
- Department of Medicine, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
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Minga I, Kwak E, Hussain K, Wathen L, Gaznabi S, Singh L, Macrinici V, Wang CH, Singulane C, Addetia K, Sarswat N, Slivnick J, Pursnani A. Prevalence of valvular heart disease in cardiac amyloidosis and impact on survival. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102417. [PMID: 38280494 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited data exists on the prognostic impact of valvular heart disease in cardiac amyloidosis (CA). We therefore sought to define the prevalence of valvular disease in patients with CA and assess the effects of significant valve disease on survival. METHODS This multi-center retrospective cohort study included consecutive patients with confirmed transthyretin (TTR) or light chain (AL) amyloidosis. Echocardiographic data closest to the date of amyloid diagnosis was reviewed, and severity was graded according to ASE guidelines. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to compare survival between patients with moderate or greater valve disease against those with mild or less disease. RESULTS We included 345 patients (median age 76 years; 73 % men; 110 AL, 235TTR). The median survival for the total patient cohort with cardiac amyloidosis was 2.92 years, with 30 % of patients surviving at five years after their diagnosis. Median survival comparing AL vs ATTR was 2.58 years vs 2.82 years (p = 0.67) The most common valvular abnormalities in the total cohort were mitral (62 %) and tricuspid (66 %).regurgitation There was a statistically significant difference in median survival between patients with no or mild MR compared to those with moderate or severe MR (2.92 years vs 3.35 years, p = 0.0047) (Fig. 5). There was a statistically significant difference in median survival in patients with no or mild TR compared to those with moderate or severe TR (3.35 years vs 2.3 years, p = 0.015). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates a significant prevalence of mitral and tricuspid regurgitation in CA, with patients with moderate to severe MR and TR having a poorer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Minga
- University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Esther Kwak
- Medical College of Milwaukee Medical Center, Milwaukee, IL, United States
| | - Kifah Hussain
- Northshore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Lucas Wathen
- Northshore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
| | | | - Lavisha Singh
- Northshore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
| | | | - Chi-Hsiung Wang
- Northshore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
| | | | - Karima Addetia
- University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nitasha Sarswat
- University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jeremy Slivnick
- University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Amit Pursnani
- Northshore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
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9
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Jakstaite AM, Vogel JK, Luedike P, Jánosi RA, Carpinteiro A, Rischpler C, Herrmann K, Rassaf T, Papathanasiou M. Screening for Occult Transthyretin Amyloidosis in Patients with Severe Aortic Stenosis and Amyloid Red Flags. J Clin Med 2024; 13:671. [PMID: 38337363 PMCID: PMC10856049 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13030671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS The optimal strategy to identify transthyretin-type cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) in patients with aortic stenosis (AS) is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate if targeted screening for ATTR-CA in patients with severe AS and amyloid red flags is associated with higher detection rates. METHODS The study prospectively enrolled patients ≥65 years with severe AS. Patients who fulfilled ≥1 major (carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), ruptured biceps tendon, spinal stenosis, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide ≥1000 pg/mL, cardiac troponin >99th percentile) or ≥2 minor criteria (diastolic dysfunction ≥2 grade/lateral e' <10 cm/s, atrial fibrillation, atrioventricular conduction disease/pacemaker) received bone scintigraphy and biochemical analysis for light chain amyloidosis. Hypertensive patients (>140/90 mmHg) and those with interventricular septal thickness (IVSd) ≤13 mm were excluded. RESULTS Overall, 264 patients were screened, of whom 85 were included in the analysis. Tracer uptake Perugini grade ≥1 was detected in nine patients (11%). An endomyocardial biopsy was additionally performed in four of nine patients, yielding a prevalence of 7% (n = 6). All patients with dual AS-ATTR were male. Syncope was more commonly reported in AS-ATTR patients (50% vs. 6%, p = 0.010), who also tended to have more severe hypertrophy (IVSd of 18 vs. 16 mm, p = 0.075). Pericardial effusion and CTS were more common in patients with dual pathology (67% vs. 8%, p < 0.001, and 83% vs. 24%, p = 0.003, respectively). CONCLUSION Targeted screening for ATTR-CA in patients with AS and amyloid red flags does not yield higher detection rates than those reported previously in all comers with AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiste Monika Jakstaite
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Kirsten Vogel
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Luedike
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Rolf Alexander Jánosi
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Carpinteiro
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Tumor Center, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Rischpler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Stuttgart, Kriegsbergstrasse 60, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ken Herrmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Maria Papathanasiou
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
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10
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Lahoud RN, Abadie B. Editorial: STOP or YIELD sign at the intersection of TAVR and amyloidosis? CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE 2024; 58:43-44. [PMID: 37690931 DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rony N Lahoud
- University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.
| | - Bryan Abadie
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, USA
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11
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Aimo A, Camerini L, Fabiani I, Morfino P, Panichella G, Barison A, Pucci A, Castiglione V, Vergaro G, Sinagra G, Emdin M. Valvular heart disease in patients with cardiac amyloidosis. Heart Fail Rev 2024; 29:65-77. [PMID: 37735319 PMCID: PMC10904406 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-023-10350-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is an underdiagnosed condition caused by the deposition of misfolded proteins, namely immunoglobulin light chains and transthyretin, in the extracellular spaces of the heart. Any cardiovascular structure can be affected by amyloid infiltration, including the valves. Amyloid accumulation within the cardiac valves may lead to their structural and functional impairment, with a profound impact on patients' prognosis and quality of life. The most common forms of valvular disease in CA are aortic stenosis (AS), mitral regurgitation (MR), and tricuspid regurgitation (TR). CA and AS share similar risk factors, disease mechanisms, and remodeling patterns, which make their diagnosis particularly challenging. Patients with both CA and AS experience worse outcomes than CA or AS alone, and transcatheter aortic valve replacement may represent a useful therapeutic strategy in this population. Data on MR and TR are quite limited and mainly coming from case reports or small series. This review paper will summarize our current understanding on the epidemiology, disease mechanisms, echocardiographic features, clinical implications, and therapeutic options of AS, MR, and TR in patients with CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Aimo
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127, Pisa, Italy.
- Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Lara Camerini
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Iacopo Fabiani
- Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Morfino
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giorgia Panichella
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Barison
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127, Pisa, Italy
- Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela Pucci
- Histopathology Department, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Castiglione
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127, Pisa, Italy
- Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vergaro
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127, Pisa, Italy
- Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI) and University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Emdin
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127, Pisa, Italy
- Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
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12
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Ismayl M, Abbasi M, Al-Abcha A, El-Am E, Alkhouli M, Guerrero M, Dispenzieri A, Nkomo VT, Abou Ezzeddine OF, Grogan M, Anavekar NS. Outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with and without amyloidosis: A nationwide analysis from the United States. CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE 2024; 58:34-42. [PMID: 37468384 DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyloidosis is a common comorbidity in elderly patients with aortic stenosis (AS) referred for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). This study aims to assess the impact of amyloidosis on the clinical outcomes of TAVR. METHODS This is a retrospective study of the National Inpatient Sample database that identified adult patients (≥18 years) with AS hospitalized for TAVR from 2016 through 2020 to compare outcomes in those with versus without amyloidosis. Our primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included procedural complications, hospital length of stay (LOS), and total costs. TAVR trends in both cohorts were also evaluated. RESULTS The total cohort included 304,710 patients with AS undergoing TAVR, of whom 410 had amyloidosis. Over the study period, TAVR trends increased significantly in patients with and without amyloidosis (both ptrend < 0.01). Patients with amyloidosis were more likely to be older males with atrial fibrillation/flutter, congestive heart failure, renal disease, and dementia compared to non-amyloidosis patients. After adjustment for baseline characteristics, patients with amyloidosis had similar odds of in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.66, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.34-3.63), heart block (aOR 1.33, 95 % CI 0.84-2.10), permanent pacemaker insertion (aOR 0.67, 95 % CI 0.27-1.66), stroke (aOR 0.90, 95 % CI 0.32-3.13), acute kidney injury, major bleeding, blood transfusion, vascular complications, in addition to similar LOS (p = 0.21) and total costs (p = 0.18) compared to patients without amyloidosis. CONCLUSION In patients with AS undergoing TAVR, comorbid amyloidosis is associated with similar in-hospital mortality and procedural complications compared to patients without amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Ismayl
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Muhannad Abbasi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Abdullah Al-Abcha
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Edward El-Am
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mohamad Alkhouli
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mayra Guerrero
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Angela Dispenzieri
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Vuyisile T Nkomo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Omar F Abou Ezzeddine
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Martha Grogan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nandan S Anavekar
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
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13
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Nishikawa R, Yano T, Kokubu N, Muranaka A, Murakami N, Ido Y, Nakamura Y, Furuhashi M. Unmasking Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation. Circ Heart Fail 2023; 16:e010170. [PMID: 37767695 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.123.010603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nishikawa
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan (R.N., T.Y., N.K., A.M., N.M., Y.I., M.F.)
| | - Toshiyuki Yano
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan (R.N., T.Y., N.K., A.M., N.M., Y.I., M.F.)
| | - Nobuaki Kokubu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan (R.N., T.Y., N.K., A.M., N.M., Y.I., M.F.)
| | - Atsuko Muranaka
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan (R.N., T.Y., N.K., A.M., N.M., Y.I., M.F.)
| | - Naoto Murakami
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan (R.N., T.Y., N.K., A.M., N.M., Y.I., M.F.)
| | - Yosuke Ido
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan (R.N., T.Y., N.K., A.M., N.M., Y.I., M.F.)
| | - Yuichi Nakamura
- Department of Cardiology, Steel Memorial Muroran Hospital, Japan (Y.N.)
| | - Masato Furuhashi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan (R.N., T.Y., N.K., A.M., N.M., Y.I., M.F.)
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14
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Negreira-Caamaño M, Ramírez-Huaranga MA, García-Vicente AM, Rienda-Moreno MÁ, Otero-Fernández P, Castro-Corredor D, Plasencia-Enzaíne ÁE, Martínez-Del Río J, Blanco-López E, Piqueras-Flores J. Cardiac amyloidosis in patients with spinal stenosis and yellow ligament hypertrophy. Int J Cardiol 2023; 392:131301. [PMID: 37657671 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal stenosis (SS) is a manifestation associated with cardiac amyloidosis (CA). However, there is a lack of studies assessing the prevalence of CA among patients with SS. We aimed to address the prevalence of CA among patients with SS and YLH. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study of consecutive patients older than 65 years with SS and yellow ligament hypertrophy (YLH). All the patients were assessed with an electrocardiogram, echocardiogram and biohumoral evaluation. Patients with CA red flags was further studied with cardiac magnetic resonance and 99mTc-DPD scintigraphy. A cohort of patients with confirmed CA and SS was used to assess clinical features associated with CA. RESULTS 105 patients (75.0 ± 6.6 years old; 45.7% males) with SS and YLH [5.5 [5-7] mm] were screened. Prevalence of red flags of CA was high and 58 patients presented clinical suspicion of CA. One patient (0.95%) was finally diagnosed of CA. Patients with confirmed CA presented a more expressive phenotype than the screened population. Patients with suspected CA had greater YLH than patients without suspicion of CA (6.4 ± 1.3 vs. 5.0 ± 0.8 mm; p < 0.001) and patients with confirmed CA presented greater YLH than the screening population (6.7 ± 1.8 vs. 5.7 ± 1.2 mm; p = 0.018). CONCLUSION Despite red flags of CA are common among patients with SS, the prevalence of confirmed CA was low in our sample of screened patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Negreira-Caamaño
- Cardiology Department, Ciudad Real General University Hospital, Spain; Instituto de investigación sanitaria de Castilla La-Mancha (IDISCAM).
| | - Marco Aurelio Ramírez-Huaranga
- Chronic Pain Unit Ciudad Real General University Hospital, Spain; Rheumatology Department, Ciudad Real General University Hospital, Spain
| | - Ana María García-Vicente
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Ciudad Real General University Hospital, Spain; Health Science Department, Medicine Faculty, Castilla-LaMancha University, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Ángel E Plasencia-Enzaíne
- Chronic Pain Unit Ciudad Real General University Hospital, Spain; Rheumatology Department, Ciudad Real General University Hospital, Spain
| | - Jorge Martínez-Del Río
- Cardiology Department, Ciudad Real General University Hospital, Spain; Instituto de investigación sanitaria de Castilla La-Mancha (IDISCAM)
| | | | - Jesús Piqueras-Flores
- Cardiology Department, Ciudad Real General University Hospital, Spain; Instituto de investigación sanitaria de Castilla La-Mancha (IDISCAM); Health Science Department, Medicine Faculty, Castilla-LaMancha University, Spain.
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15
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Drăgan A, Mateescu AD. Novel Biomarkers and Advanced Cardiac Imaging in Aortic Stenosis: Old and New. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1661. [PMID: 38002343 PMCID: PMC10669288 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the symptomatic status and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) play a crucial role in aortic stenosis (AS) assessment. However, the symptoms are often subjective, and LVEF is not a sensitive marker of left ventricle (LV) decompensation. Over the past years, the cardiac structure and function research on AS has increased due to advanced imaging modalities and potential therapies. New imaging parameters emerged as predictors of disease progression in AS. LV global longitudinal strain has proved useful for risk stratification in asymptomatic severe AS patients with preserved LVEF. The assessment of myocardial fibrosis by cardiac magnetic resonance is the most studied application and offers prognostic information on AS. Moreover, the usage of biomarkers in AS as objective measures of LV decompensation has recently gained more interest. The present review focuses on the transition from compensatory LV hypertrophy (H) to LV dysfunction and the biomarkers associated with myocardial wall stress, fibrosis, and myocyte death. Moreover, we discuss the potential impact of non-invasive imaging parameters for optimizing the timing of aortic valve replacement and provide insight into novel biomarkers for possible prognostic use in AS. However, data from randomized clinical trials are necessary to define their utility in daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Drăgan
- Department of Cardiovascular Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases “Prof Dr C C Iliescu”, 258 Fundeni Road, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Doina Mateescu
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases “Prof Dr C C Iliescu”, 258 Fundeni Road, 022328 Bucharest, Romania;
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16
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Jaiswal V, Agrawal V, Khulbe Y, Hanif M, Huang H, Hameed M, Shrestha AB, Perone F, Parikh C, Gomez SI, Paudel K, Zacks J, Grubb KJ, De Rosa S, Gimelli A. Cardiac amyloidosis and aortic stenosis: a state-of-the-art review. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL OPEN 2023; 3:oead106. [PMID: 37941729 PMCID: PMC10630099 DOI: 10.1093/ehjopen/oead106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac amyloidosis is caused by the extracellular deposition of amyloid fibrils in the heart, involving not only the myocardium but also any cardiovascular structure. Indeed, this progressive infiltrative disease also involves the cardiac valves and, specifically, shows a high prevalence with aortic stenosis. Misfolded protein infiltration in the aortic valve leads to tissue damage resulting in the onset or worsening of valve stenosis. Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis and aortic stenosis coexist in patients > 65 years in about 4-16% of cases, especially in those undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Diagnostic workup for cardiac amyloidosis in patients with aortic stenosis is based on a multi-parametric approach considering clinical assessment, electrocardiogram, haematologic tests, basic and advanced echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, and technetium labelled cardiac scintigraphy like technetium-99 m (99mTc)-pyrophosphate, 99mTc-3,3-diphosphono-1,2-propanodicarboxylic acid, and 99mTc-hydroxymethylene diphosphonate. However, a biopsy is the traditional gold standard for diagnosis. The prognosis of patients with coexisting cardiac amyloidosis and aortic stenosis is still under evaluation. The combination of these two pathologies worsens the prognosis. Regarding treatment, mortality is reduced in patients with cardiac amyloidosis and severe aortic stenosis after undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to understand whether the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis could affect therapeutic strategies. The aim of this review is to critically expose the current state-of-art regarding the association of cardiac amyloidosis with aortic stenosis, from pathophysiology to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Jaiswal
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, FL, USA
| | - Vibhor Agrawal
- Department of Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Yashita Khulbe
- Department of Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Muhammad Hanif
- Department of Internal Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Helen Huang
- University of Medicine and Health Science, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maha Hameed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Florida State University, Sarasota Memorial Hospital, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | - Abhigan Babu Shrestha
- Department of Internal Medicine, M Abdur Rahim Medical College, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
| | - Francesco Perone
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, Rehabilitation Clinic ‘Villa delle Magnolie’,81020 Castel Morrone, Caserta, Italy
| | | | - Sabas Ivan Gomez
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kusum Paudel
- Department of Medicine, Kathmandu University School of Medical Science, Dhulikhel, Kathmandu 45209, Nepal
| | - Jerome Zacks
- Department of Cardiology, The Icahn Medical School at Mount Sinai, NewYork 10128, USA
| | - Kendra J Grubb
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Salvatore De Rosa
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessia Gimelli
- Department of Imaging, Fondazione Toscana/CNR Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa 56124, Italy
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17
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Dweck MR, Loganath K, Bing R, Treibel TA, McCann GP, Newby DE, Leipsic J, Fraccaro C, Paolisso P, Cosyns B, Habib G, Cavalcante J, Donal E, Lancellotti P, Clavel MA, Otto CM, Pibarot P. Multi-modality imaging in aortic stenosis: an EACVI clinical consensus document. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2023; 24:1430-1443. [PMID: 37395329 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jead153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this EACVI clinical scientific update, we will explore the current use of multi-modality imaging in the diagnosis, risk stratification, and follow-up of patients with aortic stenosis, with a particular focus on recent developments and future directions. Echocardiography is and will likely remain the key method of diagnosis and surveillance of aortic stenosis providing detailed assessments of valve haemodynamics and the cardiac remodelling response. Computed tomography (CT) is already widely used in the planning of transcutaneous aortic valve implantation. We anticipate its increased use as an anatomical adjudicator to clarify disease severity in patients with discordant echocardiographic measurements. CT calcium scoring is currently used for this purpose; however, contrast CT techniques are emerging that allow identification of both calcific and fibrotic valve thickening. Additionally, improved assessments of myocardial decompensation with echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, and CT will become more commonplace in our routine assessment of aortic stenosis. Underpinning all of this will be widespread application of artificial intelligence. In combination, we believe this new era of multi-modality imaging in aortic stenosis will improve the diagnosis, follow-up, and timing of intervention in aortic stenosis as well as potentially accelerate the development of the novel pharmacological treatments required for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc R Dweck
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Chancellors Building, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Krithika Loganath
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Chancellors Building, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Rong Bing
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Chancellors Building, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Thomas A Treibel
- Barts Heart Centre, Bart's Health NHS Trust, W Smithfield, EC1A 7BE, London, UK
- University College London Institute of Cardiovascular Science, 62 Huntley St, WC1E 6DD, London, UK
| | - Gerry P McCann
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, University Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
- The NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK
| | - David E Newby
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Chancellors Building, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Jonathon Leipsic
- Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, St Paul's and Vancouver General Hospital, 1081 Burrard St Room 166, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Chiara Fraccaro
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Science and Public Health, Via Giustiniani, 2 - 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Pasquale Paolisso
- Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Clinic, Moorselbaan 164, 9300 Aalst, Belgium
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples, Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Bernard Cosyns
- Department of Cardiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Jette, Belgium
| | - Gilbert Habib
- Cardiology Department, Hôpital La Timone, 264 Rue Saint-Pierre, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - João Cavalcante
- Allina Health Minneapolis Heart Institute, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, 800 E 28th St, Minneapolis, MN 55407, USA
| | - Erwan Donal
- Cardiology and CIC, Université Rennes, 2 Rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Patrizio Lancellotti
- GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Cardiology, University of Liège Hospital, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
- Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Corso Giuseppe Garibaldi, 11, 48022 Lugo RA, Italy
| | - Marie-Annick Clavel
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec/Québec Heart and Lung Institute, 2725 Ch Ste-Foy, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
- Faculté de Médecine-Département de Médecine, Université Laval, Ferdinand Vandry Pavillon, 1050 Av. de la Médecine, Québec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Catherine M Otto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, 4333 Brooklyn Ave NE Box 359458, Seattle, WA 98195-9458, USA
| | - Phillipe Pibarot
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec/Québec Heart and Lung Institute, 2725 Ch Ste-Foy, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
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18
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Brito D, Albrecht FC, de Arenaza DP, Bart N, Better N, Carvajal-Juarez I, Conceição I, Damy T, Dorbala S, Fidalgo JC, Garcia-Pavia P, Ge J, Gillmore JD, Grzybowski J, Obici L, Piñero D, Rapezzi C, Ueda M, Pinto FJ. World Heart Federation Consensus on Transthyretin Amyloidosis Cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM). Glob Heart 2023; 18:59. [PMID: 37901600 PMCID: PMC10607607 DOI: 10.5334/gh.1262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is a progressive and fatal condition that requires early diagnosis, management, and specific treatment. The availability of new disease-modifying therapies has made successful treatment a reality. Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy can be either age-related (wild-type form) or caused by mutations in the TTR gene (genetic, hereditary forms). It is a systemic disease, and while the genetic forms may exhibit a variety of symptoms, a predominant cardiac phenotype is often present. This document aims to provide an overview of ATTR-CM amyloidosis focusing on cardiac involvement, which is the most critical factor for prognosis. It will discuss the available tools for early diagnosis and patient management, given that specific treatments are more effective in the early stages of the disease, and will highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and of specialized amyloidosis centres. To accomplish these goals, the World Heart Federation assembled a panel of 18 expert clinicians specialized in TTR amyloidosis from 13 countries, along with a representative from the Amyloidosis Alliance, a patient advocacy group. This document is based on a review of published literature, expert opinions, registries data, patients' perspectives, treatment options, and ongoing developments, as well as the progress made possible via the existence of centres of excellence. From the patients' perspective, increasing disease awareness is crucial to achieving an early and accurate diagnosis. Patients also seek to receive care at specialized amyloidosis centres and be fully informed about their treatment and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce Brito
- Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, CAML, CCUL@RISE, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fabiano Castro Albrecht
- Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology – Cardiac Amyloidosis Center Dante Pazzanese Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Nicole Bart
- St Vincent’s Hospital, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nathan Better
- Cabrini Health, Malvern, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Monash University and University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Isabel Conceição
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, CHULN – Hospital de Santa Maria, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa Portugal, Portugal
| | - Thibaud Damy
- Department of Cardiology, DHU A-TVB, CHU Henri Mondor, AP-HP, INSERM U955 and UPEC, Créteil, France
- Referral Centre for Cardiac Amyloidosis, GRC Amyloid Research Institute, Reseau amylose, Créteil, France. Filière CARDIOGEN
| | - Sharmila Dorbala
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiac Amyloidosis Program, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- CV imaging program, Cardiovascular Division and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Pablo Garcia-Pavia
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, IDIPHISA, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Julian D. Gillmore
- National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London, Royal Free Campus, United Kingdom
| | - Jacek Grzybowski
- Department of Cardiomyopathy, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Laura Obici
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Rapezzi
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mitsuharu Ueda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Fausto J. Pinto
- Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, CAML, CCUL@RISE, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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19
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Santangelo G, Moscardelli S, Barbieri L, Faggiano A, Carugo S, Faggiano P. Aortic Valve Stenosis and Cancer: Problems of Management. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5804. [PMID: 37762745 PMCID: PMC10532214 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic valve stenosis and malignancy frequently coexist and share the same risk factors as atherosclerotic disease. Data reporting the prognosis of patients with severe aortic stenosis and cancer are limited. Tailoring the correct and optimal care for cancer patients with severe aortic stenosis is complex. Cancer patients may be further disadvantaged by aortic stenosis if it interferes with their treatment by increasing the risk associated with oncologic surgery and compounding the risks associated with cardiotoxicity and heart failure (HF). Surgical valve replacement, transcatheter valve implantation, balloon valvuloplasty, and medical therapy are possible treatments for aortic valve stenosis, but when malignancy is present, the choice between these options must take into account the stage of cancer and associated treatment, expected outcome, and comorbidities. Physical examination and Doppler echocardiography are critical in the diagnosis and evaluation of aortic stenosis. The current review considers the available data on the association between aortic stenosis and cancer and the therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Santangelo
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Area, Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20154 Milan, Italy; (G.S.); (L.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Silvia Moscardelli
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Lucia Barbieri
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Area, Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20154 Milan, Italy; (G.S.); (L.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Andrea Faggiano
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Area, Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20154 Milan, Italy; (G.S.); (L.B.); (A.F.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Carugo
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Area, Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20154 Milan, Italy; (G.S.); (L.B.); (A.F.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Pompilio Faggiano
- Fondazione Poliambulanza, Cardiothoracic Department Unit, 25100 Brescia, Italy
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20
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Tarantini G, Nai Fovino L. Cardiac Amyloidosis in Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis: Not a Good Reason to Say No to Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation. Am J Cardiol 2023; 200:144-145. [PMID: 37321027 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Tarantini
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy.
| | - Luca Nai Fovino
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy
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21
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Jean G, Mogensen NSB, Clavel MA. Aortic Valvular Stenosis and Heart Failure: Advances in Diagnostic, Management, and Intervention. Heart Fail Clin 2023; 19:273-283. [PMID: 37230643 DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Up to 30% of patients with aortic stenosis (AS) present with heart failure (HF) symptoms with either reduced or preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. Many of these patients present with a low-flow state, reduced aortic-valve-area (≤1.0 cm2) with low aortic-mean-gradient and aortic-peak-velocity (<40 mm Hg and <4.0 m/s). Thus, determination of true severity is essential for correct management, and multi-imaging evaluation must be performed. Medical treatment of HF is imperative and should be optimized concurrently with the determination of AS-severity. Finally, AS should be treated according to guidelines, keeping in mind that HF and low-flow increase interventions risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Jean
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval (IUCPQ-UL)/ Québec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Nils Sofus Borg Mogensen
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval (IUCPQ-UL)/ Québec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Marie-Annick Clavel
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval (IUCPQ-UL)/ Québec Heart & Lung Institute, Laval University, 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
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22
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Riley JM, Junarta J, Ullah W, Siddiqui MU, Anzelmi A, Ruge M, Vishnevsky A, Alvarez RJ, Ruggiero NJ, Rajapreyar IN, Brailovsky Y. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Cardiac Amyloidosis and Aortic Stenosis. Am J Cardiol 2023; 198:101-107. [PMID: 37183091 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Aortic stenosis (AS) and cardiac amyloidosis (CA) occur concomitantly in a significant number of patients and portend a higher risk of all-cause mortality. Previous studies have investigated outcomes in patients with concomitant CA/AS who underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) versus medical therapy alone, but no evidence-based consensus regarding the ideal management of these patients has been established. Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were systematically searched to identify relevant studies. Methodologic bias was assessed using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale for observational studies. A total of 4 observational studies comprising 83 patients were included. Of these, 45 patients (54%) underwent TAVI, whereas 38 (46%) were managed conservatively. Of the 3 studies that included baseline characteristics by treatment group, 30% were women. The risk of all-cause mortality was found to be significantly lower in patients who underwent TAVI than those treated with conservative medical therapy alone (odds ratio 0.24, 95% confidence interval 0.08 to 0.73). In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggests a lower risk of all-cause mortality in patients with CA with AS who underwent TAVI than those managed with medical therapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Riley
- Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joey Junarta
- Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Waqas Ullah
- Department of Jefferson Heart Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Muhammad U Siddiqui
- Department of Jefferson Heart Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alexander Anzelmi
- Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Max Ruge
- Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alec Vishnevsky
- Department of Jefferson Heart Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rene J Alvarez
- Department of Jefferson Heart Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nicholas J Ruggiero
- Department of Jefferson Heart Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Indranee N Rajapreyar
- Department of Jefferson Heart Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yevgeniy Brailovsky
- Department of Jefferson Heart Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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23
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Tore D, Faletti R, Gaetani C, Bozzo E, Biondo A, Carisio A, Menchini F, Miccolis M, Papa FP, Trovato M, Fonio P, Gatti M. Cardiac magnetic resonance of hypertrophic heart phenotype: A review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17336. [PMID: 37441401 PMCID: PMC10333467 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic heart phenotype is characterized by an abnormal left ventricular (LV) thickening. A hypertrophic phenotype can develop as adaptive response in many different conditions such as aortic stenosis, hypertension, athletic training, infiltrative heart muscle diseases, storage disorders and metabolic disorders. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most frequent primary cardiomyopathy (CMP) and a genetical cause of cardiac hypertrophy. It requires the exclusion of any other cause of LV hypertrophy. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is a comprehensive imaging technique that allows a detailed evaluation of myocardial diseases. It provides reproducible measurements and myocardial tissue characterization. In clinical practice CMR is increasingly used to confirm the presence of ventricular hypertrophy, to detect the underlying cause of the phenotype and more recently as an efficient prognostic tool. This article aims to provide a detailed overview of the applications of CMR in the setting of hypertrophic heart phenotype and its role in the diagnostic workflow of such condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Tore
- Radiology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Riccardo Faletti
- Radiology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Clara Gaetani
- Radiology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Bozzo
- Radiology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondo
- Radiology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Carisio
- Radiology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Menchini
- Radiology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Miccolis
- Radiology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Pio Papa
- Radiology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Martina Trovato
- Radiology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Fonio
- Radiology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Gatti
- Radiology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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24
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Huisl JP, Herrmann EJ, Aßmus B. [Systemic forms of amyloidosis with cardiac manifestation]. INNERE MEDIZIN (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 64:340-350. [PMID: 36627390 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-022-01449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The term amyloidosis summarizes heterogeneous diseases in which a misfolding of protein structures occurs. These misfolded proteins can fundamentally be deposited anywhere in the body and lead to malfunction of the affected organ. There are preferential sites of deposition depending on which protein is misfolded. Cardiac transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis is a rare cause of cardiomyopathy and part of an underdiagnosed systemic disease. For cardiac ATTR amyloidosis, which involves deposition of misfolded tranthyretin either as a wild type (wtATTR) or as a mutated form (mATTR or hATTR), evidence-based treatment options have recently become available with slowing of the progression of the cardiomyopathy and a significant reduction of hospitalization rates. Therefore, it is important to diagnose this severe disease at an early stage and to differentiate it from other forms of amyloidosis. A clinical screening is easily possible by determination of free light chains using imaging examinations (cardiac magnetic resonance imaging or scintigraphic procedures) and immunofixation before the definitive diagnosis is made based on a biopsy and/or genetic tests. An interdisciplinary work-up involving hemato-oncology, nephrology, neurology and other disciplines, is indispensable when cardiac amyloidosis is suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Philipp Huisl
- Med. Klinik I, Kardiologie/Angiologie, UKGM, Universitätsklinikum Gießen, Klinikstr. 33, 35392, Gießen, Deutschland
| | - Ester J Herrmann
- Med. Klinik I, Kardiologie/Angiologie, UKGM, Universitätsklinikum Gießen, Klinikstr. 33, 35392, Gießen, Deutschland
| | - Birgit Aßmus
- Med. Klinik I, Kardiologie/Angiologie, UKGM, Universitätsklinikum Gießen, Klinikstr. 33, 35392, Gießen, Deutschland.
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25
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Cersosimo A, Bonelli A, Lombardi CM, Moreo A, Pagnesi M, Tomasoni D, Arabia G, Vizzardi E, Adamo M, Farina D, Metra M, Inciardi RM. Multimodality imaging in the diagnostic management of concomitant aortic stenosis and transthyretin-related wild-type cardiac amyloidosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1108696. [PMID: 36998972 PMCID: PMC10043370 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1108696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common valvular heart disease with a prevalence rate of more than 4% in 75-year-old people or older. Similarly, cardiac amyloidosis (CA), especially "wild-type transthyretin" (wTTR), has shown a prevalence rate ranging from 22% to 25% in people older than 80 years. The detection of the concomitant presence of CA and AS is challenging primarily because of the similar type of changes in the left ventricle caused by AS and CA, which share some morphological characteristics. The aim of this review is to identify the imaging triggers in order to recognize occult wtATTR-CA in patients with AS, clarifying the crucial step of the diagnostic process. Multimodality imaging methods such as echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, cardiac computed tomography, and DPD scintigraphy will be analyzed as part of the available diagnostic workup to identify wtATTR-CA early in patients with AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Cersosimo
- ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Division of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Bonelli
- ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, "A. De Gasperis" Department, Cardiology IV, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo M Lombardi
- ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Division of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonella Moreo
- ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, "A. De Gasperis" Department, Cardiology IV, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Pagnesi
- ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Division of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniela Tomasoni
- ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Division of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Arabia
- ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Division of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Enrico Vizzardi
- ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Division of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marianna Adamo
- ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Division of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Davide Farina
- ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Division of Radiology and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Metra
- ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Division of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Riccardo M Inciardi
- ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Division of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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26
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Khedraki R, Robinson AA, Jordan T, Grodin JL, Mohan RC. A Review of Current and Evolving Imaging Techniques in Cardiac Amyloidosis. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 2023; 25:43-63. [PMID: 38239280 PMCID: PMC10795761 DOI: 10.1007/s11936-023-00976-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of review Establishing an early, efficient diagnosis for cardiac amyloid (CA) is critical to avoiding adverse outcomes. We review current imaging tools that can aid early diagnosis, offer prognostic information, and possibly track treatment response in CA. Recent findings There are several current conventional imaging modalities that aid in the diagnosis of CA including electrocardiography, echocardiography, bone scintigraphy, cardiac computed tomography (CT), and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. Advanced imaging techniques including left atrial and right ventricular strain, and CMR T1 and T2 mapping as well as ECV quantification may provide alternative non-invasive means for diagnosis, more granular prognostication, and the ability to track treatment response. Summary Leveraging a multimodal imaging toolbox is integral to the early diagnosis of CA; however, it is important to understand the unique role and limitations posed by each modality. Ongoing studies are needed to help identify imaging markers that will lead to an enhanced ability to diagnose, subtype and manage this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rola Khedraki
- Section of Advanced Heart Failure, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Scripps Clinic, Prebys Cardiovascular Institute, 9898 Genesee Ave., AMP-300, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Austin A. Robinson
- Section of Advanced Heart Failure, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Scripps Clinic, Prebys Cardiovascular Institute, 9898 Genesee Ave., AMP-300, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Timothy Jordan
- Section of Advanced Heart Failure, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Scripps Clinic, Prebys Cardiovascular Institute, 9898 Genesee Ave., AMP-300, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Justin L. Grodin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Rajeev C. Mohan
- Section of Advanced Heart Failure, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Scripps Clinic, Prebys Cardiovascular Institute, 9898 Genesee Ave., AMP-300, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
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27
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Elzeneini M, Gupta S, Assaf Y, Kumbhani DJ, Shah K, Grodin JL, Bavry AA. Outcomes of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients With Coexisiting Amyloidosis: Mortality, Stroke, and Readmission. JACC. ADVANCES 2023; 2:100255. [PMID: 38938319 PMCID: PMC11198260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2023.100255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Background Cardiac amyloidosis can coexist in patients with severe aortic stenosis. There are limited outcomes data on whether this impacts the risk of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Objectives The authors aimed to investigate the effect of amyloidosis on outcomes of TAVR. Methods We used the Nationwide Readmissions Database to identify hospitalizations for TAVR between 2016 and 2019. The presence of a diagnosis of amyloidosis was identified. Propensity score-weighted regression analysis was used to identify the association of amyloidosis with in-hospital mortality, acute ischemic stroke, and 30-day readmission rate after TAVR. Results We identified 245,020 hospitalizations for TAVR, including 273 in patients with amyloidosis. The mean age was 79.4 ± 8.4 years. There was no difference in in-hospital mortality or 30-day readmission rate in patients with and without amyloidosis (1.8% vs 1.5%, P = 0.622; and 12.9% vs 12.5%, P = 0.858; respectively). However, there was a higher rate of acute ischemic stroke in patients with amyloidosis (6.2% vs 1.8%, P < 0.001). Propensity score-weighted logistic regression analysis showed the presence of amyloidosis was associated with greater odds of acute ischemic stroke (odds ratio: 3.08, 95% CI: 1.41-6.71, P = 0.005), but no difference in mortality (odds ratio: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.28-2.27, P = 0.666) or 30-day readmission rate after TAVR (HR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.41-1.25, P = 0.241). Conclusions This analysis suggests amyloidosis may be associated with a higher thromboembolic risk after TAVR that merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Elzeneini
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Shishir Gupta
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yazan Assaf
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dharam J. Kumbhani
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Khanjan Shah
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Justin L. Grodin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Anthony A. Bavry
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
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28
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Ricci F, Cipriani A, Khanji MY. Amyloidosis and Risk of Stroke After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: It Takes Two to Tango? JACC. ADVANCES 2023; 2:100256. [PMID: 38938317 PMCID: PMC11198413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2023.100256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Ricci
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. d'Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Fondazione Villaserena per la Ricerca, Città Sant’Angelo, Italy
| | - Alberto Cipriani
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Mohammed Y. Khanji
- Newham University Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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29
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Dzhioeva ON. [Functional methods of amyloid cardiomyopathy diagnostic in practice and in expert centers: A review]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2023; 95:96-102. [PMID: 37167121 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2023.01.202081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The article is a set of recommendations for the interpretation of electrocardiography and echocardiography data in patients with suspected amyloidosis of the heart. Amyloid cardiomyopathy is a progressive disease characterized by a detailed picture of congestive heart failure, poor quality of life and poor prognosis. Currently, medications have appeared that can improve the prognosis in patients with amyloidosis of the heart. Therefore, raising awareness of specialists about specific instrumental signs of the disease is an important and urgent task.
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Affiliation(s)
- O N Dzhioeva
- National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
- Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry
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30
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Wu J, Huang X, Huang K, Tang Y, Gao Q, Chen X, Jing B, Wang X, Lin B, Su M. Echocardiographic reference ranges for noninvasive left ventricular 18-segment myocardial work index and work efficiency in a healthy Asian population. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2023; 21:2. [PMID: 36683065 PMCID: PMC9869544 DOI: 10.1186/s12947-023-00299-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricular (LV) myocardial work index (WI) and work efficiency (WE) have become the latest indicators for assessing LV function. Reference ranges for normal LV segmental WI and WE have not been established. METHODS Four hundred eleven healthy Asian subjects (47% men, median age: 35 years) were enrolled prospectively. WI and WE were analysed using the LV pressure-strain loop (LVPSL) with specific software. RESULTS WI and WE differed significantly between segments as well as between walls and levels of the left ventricle. The anteroseptal basal segment had the lowest WI and WE (1440 mmHg ± 324 and 92% [88-96], respectively) among the eighteen segments. Significant WI and WE differences were found between sexes and age groups. No correlation was observed between age groups and the average WI of any wall or level in men, while the average WI of several different walls and levels in women showed significant differences between age groups. The average WI of most walls and levels increased with age in women. No correlation was found between age groups and the average WE of any wall or level in either men or women. CONCLUSIONS This study establishes the normal reference values of WI and WE of eighteen segments for clinical work and clinical experiments. There were significant differences in WI and WE between segments, levels, and walls of the normal left ventricle. Sex should be considered when analysing WI and WE. Age should be considered when analysing WI in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233Department of Ultrasonography, School of Medicine, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China ,grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China ,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen, China
| | - Xinyi Huang
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233Department of Ultrasonography, School of Medicine, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China ,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen, China
| | - Kunhui Huang
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233Department of Ultrasonography, School of Medicine, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China ,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen, China
| | - Yiruo Tang
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233Department of Ultrasonography, School of Medicine, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China ,grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China ,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiumei Gao
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233Department of Ultrasonography, School of Medicine, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China ,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen, China
| | - Xu Chen
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233Department of Ultrasonography, School of Medicine, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China ,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen, China
| | - Bo Jing
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233Department of Ultrasonography, School of Medicine, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China ,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233Department of Ultrasonography, School of Medicine, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China ,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen, China
| | - Biqin Lin
- grid.256112.30000 0004 1797 9307Department of Ultrasonography, Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
| | - Maolong Su
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233Department of Ultrasonography, School of Medicine, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China ,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen, China
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Ajmone Marsan N, Delgado V, Shah DJ, Pellikka P, Bax JJ, Treibel T, Cavalcante JL. Valvular heart disease: shifting the focus to the myocardium. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:28-40. [PMID: 36167923 PMCID: PMC9805407 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse cardiac remodelling is the main determinant of patient prognosis in degenerative valvular heart disease (VHD). However, to give an indication for valvular intervention, current guidelines include parameters of cardiac chamber dilatation or function which are subject to variability, do not directly reflect myocardial structural changes, and, more importantly, seem to be not sensitive enough in depicting early signs of myocardial dysfunction before irreversible myocardial damage has occurred. To avoid irreversible myocardial dysfunction, novel biomarkers are advocated to help refining indications for intervention and risk stratification. Advanced echocardiographic modalities, including strain analysis, and magnetic resonance imaging have shown to be promising in providing new tools to depict the important switch from adaptive to maladaptive myocardial changes in response to severe VHD. This review, therefore, summarizes the current available evidence on the role of these new imaging biomarkers in degenerative VHD, aiming at shifting the clinical perspective from a valve-centred to a myocardium-focused approach for patient management and therapeutic decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Ajmone Marsan
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden Univesity Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Victoria Delgado
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden Univesity Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Carretera de Canyet s/n. 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dipan J Shah
- Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, 6565 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Patricia Pellikka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jeroen J Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden Univesity Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Treibel
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre and University College London, West Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - João L Cavalcante
- Department of Cardiology, Minneapolis Heart Institute at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, 800 E 28th St, Minneapolis, MN 55407, USA
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Jaramillo-Hidalgo J, Quezada-Feijoó M, Ramos M, Toro R, Gómez-Pavón J, Ayala-Muñoz R. Prevalence of transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis in elderly patients diagnosed with heart failure. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2023; 58:8-14. [PMID: 36404188 DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is increased interest in studying ATTR-CA, a pathology that primarily affects patients of geriatric age and is frequently underdiagnosed. We aim to establish the prevalence of ATTR-CA in a cohort of patients with a history of HFpEF and to describe its characteristics. METHODS We conducted a prospective observational study. Patients ≥75 years, clinical history of HFpEF, atrial dilation ≥34ml/m2 and left ventricular wall thickening >13mm, were included. Demographic and analytical parameters were collected, and a comprehensive geriatric assessment was performed, along with a transthoracic echocardiogram and cardiac scintigraphy. Finally, telephone follow-up was carried out at 6 and 12 months. RESULTS 50 patients were recruited, mean age 86±6 years, 54% women. Age and functional class (I-II vs. III-IV) were factors associated with presenting with ATTR-CA. Patients with positive scintigraphy had a median time to admission of 5.2 months (confidence interval [CI] 95% 0-10.9), while in those with negative scintigraphy, it was 12.2 months (95% CI 11.7-12.8); log-rank: p=0.064. Patients with positive scintigraphy had a median time to the combined endpoint (death and readmission) of 1.9 months (95% CI 0-6.1), and patients with negative scintigraphy of 11.9 months (95% CI 11.7-12); log-rank: p=0.027. CONCLUSIONS ATTR-CA appears to be a prevalent etiology in elderly patients within the spectrum of HFpEF. Patients with a diagnosis of ATTR-CA had a shorter time to admission for HF and the combined event of death and admission than patients with a negative result on scintigraphy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Jaramillo-Hidalgo
- Geriatrics Department, Hospital Central de la Cruz Roja, Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maribel Quezada-Feijoó
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio, Madrid, Spain; Cardiology Department, Hospital Central de la Cruz Roja, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Ramos
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio, Madrid, Spain; Cardiology Department, Hospital Central de la Cruz Roja, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Toro
- University and Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz (INiBICA), Spain; Cardiology Department, School of Medicine, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Javier Gómez-Pavón
- Geriatrics Department, Hospital Central de la Cruz Roja, Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Ayala-Muñoz
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio, Madrid, Spain; Cardiology Department, Hospital Central de la Cruz Roja, Madrid, Spain
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Role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in the clinical evaluation of left ventricular hypertrophy: a 360° panorama. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2022; 39:793-809. [PMID: 36543912 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-022-02774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a frequent imaging finding in the general population. In order to identify the precise etiology, a comprehensive diagnostic approach should be adopted, including the prevalence of each entity that may cause LVH, family history, clinical, electrocardiographic and imaging findings. By providing a detailed evaluation of the myocardium, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has assumed a central role in the differential diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy, with the technique of parametric imaging allowing more refined tissue characterization. This article aims to establish a parallel between pathophysiological features and imaging findings through the broad spectrum of LVH entities, emphasizing the role of CMR in the differential diagnosis.
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34
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Terentes-Printzios D, Antonopoulos AS, Omer M, Panagiotopoulos I, Toutouzas K, Tsioufis K, Elgendy I, Vlachopoulos C. Cardiac amyloidosis remains significantly underdiagnosed in patients undergoing TAVR: analysis of National Inpatient Sample. Amyloid 2022:1-2. [PMID: 36541785 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2022.2159369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Terentes-Printzios
- 1st Cardiology Department, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexios S Antonopoulos
- 1st Cardiology Department, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mohamed Omer
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ioannis Panagiotopoulos
- 1st Cardiology Department, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Toutouzas
- 1st Cardiology Department, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsioufis
- 1st Cardiology Department, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Islam Elgendy
- Gill Heart Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Charalambos Vlachopoulos
- 1st Cardiology Department, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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The Rise of Myocardial Extracellular Volume Fraction in Computed Tomography for Identification of Cardiac Amyloidosis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2022; 15:2095-2097. [PMID: 36481077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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36
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Current Understanding of Systemic Amyloidosis and Underlying Disease Mechanisms. Am J Cardiol 2022; 185 Suppl 1:S2-S10. [PMID: 36549788 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Amyloidosis is a group of diverse disorders caused by misfolded proteins that aggregate into insoluble fibrils and ultimately cause organ damage. In medical practice, amyloidosis classification is based on the amyloid precursor protein type, of which amyloid immunoglobulin light chain, amyloid transthyretin, amyloid leukocyte chemotactic factor 2, and amyloid derived from serum amyloid A protein are the most common. Distinct mechanisms appear to be predominantly operational in the pathogenesis of particular types of amyloidosis, including increased protein precursor synthesis, somatic or germ line mutations, and inherent instability in the precursor protein in its wild form. An increased supply of misfolded proteins and/or a decreased capacity of the protein quality control systems can result in an imbalance that leads to increased circulation of misfolded proteins. Although the detection of mature fibrils is the basis for diagnosis of amyloidosis, a growing body of evidence has implicated the prefibrillar species as proteotoxic and key contributors to the development of the disease.
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Aimo A, Merlo M, Porcari A, Georgiopoulos G, Pagura L, Vergaro G, Sinagra G, Emdin M, Rapezzi C. Redefining the epidemiology of cardiac amyloidosis. A systematic review and meta-analysis of screening studies. Eur J Heart Fail 2022; 24:2342-2351. [PMID: 35509173 PMCID: PMC10084346 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS An algorithm for non-invasive diagnosis of amyloid transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) and novel disease-modifying therapies have prompted an active search for CA. We examined the prevalence of CA in different settings based on literature data. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a systematic search for screening studies on CA, focusing on the prevalence, sex and age distribution in different clinical settings. The prevalence of CA in different settings was as follows: bone scintigraphy for non-cardiac reasons (n = 5 studies), 1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0%-1%); heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (n = 6), 12% (95% CI 6%-20%); heart failure with reduced or mildly reduced ejection fraction (n = 2), 10% (95% CI 6%-15%); conduction disorders warranting pacemaker implantation (n = 1), 2% (95% CI 0%-4%); surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome (n = 3), 7% (95% CI 5%-10%); hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype (n = 2), 7% (95% CI 5%-9%); severe aortic stenosis (n = 7), 8% (95% CI 5%-13%); autopsy series of 'unselected' elderly individuals (n = 4), 21% (95% CI 7%-39%). The average age of CA patients in the different settings ranged from 74 to 90 years, and the percentage of men from 50% to 100%. Many patients had ATTR-CA, but the average percentage of patients with amyloid light-chain (AL) CA was up to 18%. CONCLUSIONS Searching for CA in specific settings allows to identify a relatively high number of cases who may be eligible for treatment if the diagnosis is unequivocal. ATTR-CA accounts for many cases of CA across the different settings, but AL-CA is not infrequent. Median age at diagnosis falls in the eighth or ninth decades, and many patients diagnosed with CA are women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Aimo
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Merlo
- Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Aldostefano Porcari
- Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Georgios Georgiopoulos
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, London, UK.,Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Linda Pagura
- Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vergaro
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Emdin
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudio Rapezzi
- Cardiology Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, (RA), Italy
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Arshad S, Goldberg YH, Bhopalwala H, Dewaswala N, Miceli NS, Birks EJ, Vaidya GN. High Prevalence of Cardiac Amyloidosis in Clinically Significant Aortic Stenosis: A Meta-Analysis. Cardiol Res 2022; 13:357-371. [PMID: 36660066 PMCID: PMC9822671 DOI: 10.14740/cr1436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is growing evidence of coexistence of aortic stenosis (AS) and transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (CA). Not screening AS patients at the time of hospital/clinic visit for CA represents a lost opportunity. Methods We surveyed studies that reported the prevalence of CA among AS patients. Studies that compared patients with aortic stenosis with cardiac amyloidosis (AS-CA) and AS alone were further analyzed, and meta-regression was performed. Results We identified nine studies with 1,321 patients of AS, of which 131 patients had concomitant CA, with a prevalence of 11%. When compared to AS-alone, the patients with AS-CA were older, more likely to be males, had higher prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome, right bundle branch block. On echocardiogram, patients with AS-CA had thicker interventricular septum, higher left ventricular mass index (LVMI), lower myocardial contraction fraction, and lower stroke volume index. Classical low-flow low-gradient (LFLG) physiology was more common among patients with AS-CA. Patients with AS-CA had higher all-cause mortality than patients with AS alone (33% vs. 22%, P = 0.02) in a follow-up period of at least 1 year. Conclusions CA has a high prevalence in patients with AS and is associated with worse clinical, imaging, and biochemical parameters than patients with AS alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiullah Arshad
- Department of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA,Corresponding Author: Samiullah Arshad, Department of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | | | - Huzefa Bhopalwala
- Department of Medicine, Appalachian Regional Healthcare, Whitesburg, KY, USA
| | - Nakeya Dewaswala
- Division of Cardiology (Advanced Heart Failure and Transplantation), Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY, USA
| | - Nicholas S. Miceli
- College of Management, School of Business, Park University, Parkville, MO, USA
| | - Emma J. Birks
- Division of Cardiology (Advanced Heart Failure and Transplantation), Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY, USA
| | - Gaurang N. Vaidya
- Division of Cardiology (Advanced Heart Failure and Transplantation), Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY, USA
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Gama F, Rosmini S, Bandula S, Patel KP, Massa P, Tobon-Gomez C, Ecke K, Stroud T, Condron M, Thornton GD, Bennett JB, Wechelakar A, Gillmore JD, Whelan C, Lachmann H, Taylor SA, Pugliese F, Fontana M, Moon JC, Hawkins PN, Treibel TA. Extracellular Volume Fraction by Computed Tomography Predicts Long-Term Prognosis Among Patients With Cardiac Amyloidosis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2022; 15:2082-2094. [PMID: 36274040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Light chain (AL) and transthyretin (ATTR) amyloid fibrils are deposited in the extracellular space of the myocardium, resulting in heart failure and premature mortality. Extracellular expansion can be quantified by computed tomography, offering a rapid, cheaper, and more practical alternative to cardiac magnetic resonance, especially among patients with cardiac devices or on renal dialysis. OBJECTIVES This study sought to investigate the association of extracellular volume fraction by computed tomography (ECVCT), myocardial remodeling, and mortality in patients with systemic amyloidosis. METHODS Patients with confirmed systemic amyloidosis and varying degrees of cardiac involvement underwent electrocardiography-gated cardiac computed tomography. Whole heart and septal ECVCT was analyzed. All patients also underwent clinical assessment, electrocardiography, echocardiography, serum amyloid protein component, and/or technetium-99m (99mTc) 3,3-diphosphono-1,2-propanodicarboxylic acid scintigraphy. ECVCT was compared across different extents of cardiac infiltration (ATTR Perugini grade/AL Mayo stage) and evaluated for its association with myocardial remodeling and all-cause mortality. RESULTS A total of 72 patients were studied (AL: n = 35, ATTR: n = 37; median age: 67 [IQR: 59-76] years, 70.8% male). Mean septal ECVCT was 42.7% ± 13.1% and 55.8% ± 10.9% in AL and ATTR amyloidosis, respectively, and correlated with indexed left ventricular mass (r = 0.426; P < 0.001), left ventricular ejection fraction (r = 0.460; P < 0.001), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (r = 0.563; P < 0.001), and high-sensitivity troponin T (r = 0.546; P < 0.001). ECVCT increased with cardiac amyloid involvement in both AL and ATTR amyloid. Over a mean follow-up of 5.3 ± 2.4 years, 40 deaths occurred (AL: n = 14 [35.0%]; ATTR: n = 26 [65.0%]). Septal ECVCT was independently associated with all-cause mortality in ATTR (not AL) amyloid after adjustment for age and septal wall thickness (HR: 1.046; 95% CI: 1.003-1.090; P = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS Cardiac amyloid burden quantified by ECVCT is associated with adverse cardiac remodeling as well as all-cause mortality among ATTR amyloid patients. ECVCT may address the need for better identification and risk stratification of amyloid patients, using a widely accessible imaging modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Gama
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Hospital Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Stefania Rosmini
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Bandula
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kush P Patel
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Massa
- University Sant'Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy; National Amyloidosis Centre, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Karolin Ecke
- Canon Medical Systems Europe, Zoetermeer, the Netherlands
| | - Tyler Stroud
- Canon Medical Systems Europe, Zoetermeer, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Condron
- Canon Medical Systems Europe, Zoetermeer, the Netherlands
| | - George D Thornton
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan B Bennett
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ashutosh Wechelakar
- Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; National Amyloidosis Centre, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julian D Gillmore
- Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; National Amyloidosis Centre, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carol Whelan
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; National Amyloidosis Centre, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Lachmann
- Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; National Amyloidosis Centre, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart A Taylor
- Centre for Medical Imaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Pugliese
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marianna Fontana
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; National Amyloidosis Centre, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James C Moon
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip N Hawkins
- Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; National Amyloidosis Centre, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A Treibel
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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40
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Jaiswal V, Ang SP, Chia JE, Abdelazem EM, Jaiswal A, Biswas M, Gimelli A, Parwani P, Siller-Matula JM, Mamas MA. Echocardiographic predictors of presence of cardiac amyloidosis in aortic stenosis. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2022; 23:1290-1301. [PMID: 35925614 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeac146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Aortic stenosis (AS) and cardiac amyloidosis (CA) frequently coexist but the diagnosis of CA in AS patients remains a diagnostic challenge. We aim to evaluate the echocardiographic parameters that may aid in the detection of the presence of CA in AS patients. METHOD AND RESULTS We performed a systematic literature search of electronic databases for peer-reviewed articles from inception until 10 January 2022. Of the 1449 patients included, 160 patients had both AS-CA whereas the remaining 1289 patients had AS-only. The result of our meta-analyses showed that interventricular septal thickness [standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.74, 95% CI: 0.36-1.12, P = 0.0001), relative wall thickness (SMD: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.17-1.30, P < 0.0001), posterior wall thickness (SMD: 0.74, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.97, P = 0.0011), LV mass index (SMD: 1.62, 95% CI: 0.63-2.62, P = 0.0014), E/A ratio (SMD: 4.18, 95% CI: 1.91-6.46, P = 0.0003), and LA dimension (SMD: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.43-1.02, P < 0.0001)] were found to be significantly higher in patients with AS-CA as compared with AS-only patients. In contrast, myocardial contraction fraction (SMD: -2.88, 95% CI: -5.70 to -0.06, P = 0.045), average mitral annular S' (SMD: -1.14, 95% CI: -1.86 to -0.43, P = 0.0017), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (SMD: -0.36, 95% CI: -0.62 to -0.09, P = 0.0081), and tricuspid annular S' (SMD: -0.77, 95% CI: -1.13 to -0.42, P < 0.0001) were found to be significantly lower in AS-CA patients. CONCLUSION Parameters based on echocardiography showed great promise in detecting CA in patients with AS. Further studies should explore the optimal cut-offs for these echocardiographic variables for better diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Jaiswal
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, FL 33143, USA
| | - Song Peng Ang
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Tawau 91000, Malaysia
| | - Jia Ee Chia
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Tawau 91000, Malaysia
| | | | - Akash Jaiswal
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Monodeep Biswas
- Division of Cardiology, Penn Medicine Lancaster General Health, Landisville, PA 17538, USA
| | - Alessia Gimelli
- Department of Imaging, Fondazione Toscana/CNR Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Purvi Parwani
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Jolanta M Siller-Matula
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Warsaw 02-091, Poland
| | - Mamas A Mamas
- Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
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41
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Reduction in Afterload Reveals the Apical Sparing Phenotype. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2022; 15:e014549. [DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.122.014549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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42
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Aortic stenosis and cardiac amyloidosis: PARTNERs in crime? CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE 2022; 43:26-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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43
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Rossi M, Varrà GG, Porcari A, Saro R, Pagura L, Lalario A, Dore F, Bussani R, Sinagra G, Merlo M. Re-Definition of the Epidemiology of Cardiac Amyloidosis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071566. [PMID: 35884871 PMCID: PMC9313045 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemiology of cardiac amyloidosis (CA), traditionally considered a rare and incurable disease, has changed drastically over the last ten years, particularly due to the advances in diagnostic methods and therapeutic options in the field of transthyretin CA (ATTR-CA). On the one hand, the possibility of employing cardiac scintigraphy with bone tracers to diagnose ATTR-CA without a biopsy has unveiled the real prevalence of the disease; on the other, the emergence of effective treatments, such as tafamidis, has rendered an early and accurate diagnosis critical. Interestingly, the following subgroups of patients have been found to have a higher prevalence of CA: elderly subjects > 75 years, patients with cardiac hypertrophy hospitalized for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, subjects operated on for bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome, patients with cardiac hypertrophy not explained by concomitant factors and individuals with aortic valve stenosis. Many studies investigating the prevalence of CA in these particular populations have contributed to rewriting the epidemiology of the disease, increasing the awareness of the medical community for a previously underappreciated condition. In this review, we summarized the latest evidence on the epidemiology of CA according to the different clinical settings typically associated with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Rossi
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI) and University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.R.); (G.G.V.); (A.P.); (R.S.); (L.P.); (A.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Guerino Giuseppe Varrà
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI) and University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.R.); (G.G.V.); (A.P.); (R.S.); (L.P.); (A.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Aldostefano Porcari
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI) and University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.R.); (G.G.V.); (A.P.); (R.S.); (L.P.); (A.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Riccardo Saro
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI) and University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.R.); (G.G.V.); (A.P.); (R.S.); (L.P.); (A.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Linda Pagura
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI) and University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.R.); (G.G.V.); (A.P.); (R.S.); (L.P.); (A.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Andrea Lalario
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI) and University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.R.); (G.G.V.); (A.P.); (R.S.); (L.P.); (A.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Franca Dore
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI) and University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Rossana Bussani
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiothoracic Department, Institute of Pathological Anatomy and Histology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI) and University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.R.); (G.G.V.); (A.P.); (R.S.); (L.P.); (A.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Marco Merlo
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI) and University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.R.); (G.G.V.); (A.P.); (R.S.); (L.P.); (A.L.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Cannata F, Chiarito M, Pinto G, Villaschi A, Sanz-Sánchez J, Fazzari F, Regazzoli D, Mangieri A, Bragato RM, Colombo A, Reimers B, Condorelli G, Stefanini GG. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement in aortic stenosis and cardiac amyloidosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ESC Heart Fail 2022; 9:3188-3197. [PMID: 35770333 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Aortic stenosis (AS) and cardiac amyloidosis (CA) are typical diseases of the elderly. Up to 16% of older adults with severe AS referred to transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) have a concomitant diagnosis of CA. CA-AS population suffers from reduced functional capacity and worse prognosis than AS patients. As the prognostic impact of TAVR in patients with CA-AS has been historically questioned and in light of recently published evidence, we aim to provide a comprehensive synthesis of the efficacy and safety of TAVR in CA-AS patients. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies: (i) evaluating mortality with TAVR as compared with medical therapy in CA-AS patients and (ii) reporting complications and clinical outcomes of TAVR in CA-AS patients as compared with patients with AS alone. A total of seven observational studies were identified: four reported mortality with TAVR, and four reported complications and clinical outcomes after TAVR of patients with CA-AS compared with AS alone patients. In patients with CA-AS, the risk of mortality was lower with TAVR (n = 44) as compared with medical therapy (n = 36) [odds ratio (OR) 0.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.07-0.73, I2 = 0%, P = 0.001, number needed to treat = 3]. The safety profile of TAVR seems to be similar in patients with CA-AS (n = 75) as compared with those with AS alone (n = 536), with comparable risks of stroke, vascular complications, life-threatening bleeding, acute kidney injury, and 30 day mortality, although CA-AS was associated with a trend towards an increased risk of permanent pacemaker implantation (OR 1.76, 95% CI 0.91-4.09, I2 = 0%, P = 0.085). CA is associated with a numerically higher rate of long-term mortality and rehospitalizations following TAVR in patients with CA-AS as compared with those with AS alone. CONCLUSIONS TAVR is an effective and safe procedure in CA-AS patients, with a substantial survival benefit as compared with medical therapy, and a safety profile comparable with patients with AS alone except for a trend towards higher risk of permanent pacemaker implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cannata
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 4, Pieve Emanuele-Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano-Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Chiarito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 4, Pieve Emanuele-Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano-Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pinto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 4, Pieve Emanuele-Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano-Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Villaschi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 4, Pieve Emanuele-Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano-Milan, Italy
| | - Jorge Sanz-Sánchez
- Hospital Universitario y Politecnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabio Fazzari
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano-Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gianluigi Condorelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 4, Pieve Emanuele-Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano-Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio G Stefanini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 4, Pieve Emanuele-Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano-Milan, Italy
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45
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Antonopoulos AS, Panagiotopoulos I, Kouroutzoglou A, Koutsis G, Toskas P, Lazaros G, Toutouzas K, Tousoulis D, Tsioufis K, Vlachopoulos C. Prevalence and Clinical Outcomes of Transthyretin Amyloidosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Eur J Heart Fail 2022; 24:1677-1696. [PMID: 35730461 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systematic evidence on the prevalence and clinical outcome of transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) is missing. We explored: a) the prevalence of cardiac amyloidosis in various patient subgroups, b) survival estimates for ATTR subtypes and c) the effects of novel therapeutics on the natural course of disease. METHODS A systematic review of literature published in Medline before 31/12/2021 was performed for the prevalence of cardiac amyloidosis & all-cause mortality of ATTR patients. Extracted data included sample size, age, sex, and all-cause mortality at 1, 2 and 5-years. Subgroup analyses were performed for ATTR subtype i.e., wild type ATTR (wtATTR) vs. hereditary ATTR (htATTR), htATTR genotypes and treatment subgroups. RESULTS We identified a total of 62 studies (n=277,882 individuals) reporting the prevalence of cardiac amyloidosis, which was high among patients with a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype, HFpEF, and elderly with aortic stenosis. Data on ATTR mortality were extracted from 95 studies (n=18,238 ATTR patients). Patients with wtATTR were older (p=7x10-10 ) and more frequently male (p=5x10-20 ) vs. htATTR. The 2-year survival of ATTR was 73.3% (95%CI 71.6-76.2); for non-subtyped ATTR 70.4% (95%CI 66.9-73.9), for wtATTR (76.0%, 95%CI: 73.0-78.9) and for htATTR (77.2%, 95%CI: 74.0-80.4); in meta-regression analysis wtATTR was associated with higher survival after adjusting for confounders. There was an interaction between survival and htATTR genotypes (p=10-15 , Val30Met having the lowest and Val122Ile/Thr60Ala the highest mortality). ATTR 2-year survival was higher on tafamidis/patisiran compared to natural disease course (79.9%, 95%CI: 74.4-85.3 vs. 72.4%, 95%CI 69.8-74.9, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS We report the prevalence of ATTR in various population subgroups and provide survival estimates for the natural course of disease and the effects of novel therapeutics. Important gaps in worldwide epidemiology research in ATTR were identified. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexios S Antonopoulos
- 1st Cardiology Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Panagiotopoulos
- 1st Cardiology Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandrina Kouroutzoglou
- 1st Cardiology Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Koutsis
- Neurogenetics Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Pantelis Toskas
- 1st Cardiology Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Lazaros
- 1st Cardiology Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Toutouzas
- 1st Cardiology Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Cardiology Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsioufis
- 1st Cardiology Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalambos Vlachopoulos
- 1st Cardiology Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration University Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Ng PLF, Lim YC, Evangelista LKM, Wong RCC, Chai P, Sia CH, Loi HY, Yeo TC, Lin W. Utility and pitfalls of the electrocardiogram in the evaluation of cardiac amyloidosis. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2022; 27:e12967. [PMID: 35567784 PMCID: PMC9296797 DOI: 10.1111/anec.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac amyloidosis is a protein misfolding disorder involving deposition of amyloid fibril proteins in the heart. The associated fibrosis of the conduction tissue results in conduction abnormalities and arrhythmias. "Classical" electrocardiogram (ECG) findings in cardiac amyloidosis include that of low voltage complexes with increased left ventricular wall thickness on echocardiography. However, this "classical" finding is neither sensitive nor specific. As cardiac amyloidosis is associated with a generally poor prognosis, the need for early recognition of this disease is important given the availability of new treatment options. In this review, we highlight 3 cases of patients with cardiac amyloidosis. Although presenting with typical clinical signs and symptoms, ECG for all 3 patients was not consistent with the classical findings described. They underwent further diagnostic tests which clinched the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis, allowing patients to receive targeted treatment. Through the review of the literature, we will highlight the different ECG patterns in patients with different types of cardiac amyloidosis and clinical scenarios, as well as the pitfalls of using ECG to identify the condition. Lastly, we also emphasize the current paradigms in diagnosing cardiac amyloidosis through the non-invasive methods of echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and nuclear technetium-pyrophosphate imaging. CONCLUSIONS Electrocardiogram is often the first investigation used in evaluating many cardiac disorders, including cardiac amyloidosis. However, classical features of cardiac amyloidosis on ECG are often not present. A keen understanding on the ECG features of cardiac amyloidosis and knowledge of the diagnostic workflow is important to diagnose this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perryn Lin Fei Ng
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yoke Ching Lim
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Raymond Ching Chiew Wong
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ping Chai
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching Hui Sia
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hoi Yin Loi
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tiong Cheng Yeo
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Weiqin Lin
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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47
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Khan MZ, Brailovsky Y, Vishnevsky O(A, Baqi A, Patel K, Alvarez RJ. Clinical outcome of TAVR vs SAVR in patients with cardiac amyloidosis. CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE 2022; 43:20-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2022.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yang CH, Takeuchi M, Nabeshima Y, Yamashita E, Izumo M, Ishizu T, Seo Y. Prognostic Value of Apical Sparing of Longitudinal Strain in Patients with Symptomatic Aortic Stenosis. ACTA CARDIOLOGICA SINICA 2022; 38:341-351. [PMID: 35673342 PMCID: PMC9121747 DOI: 10.6515/acs.202205_38(3).20211209a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older patients with aortic stenosis (AS) have a higher incidence of wild-type transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA). This study aimed to determine whether apical sparing of longitudinal strain (LS) could help diagnose ATTR-CA and provide useful prognostic information in symptomatic AS. METHODS We performed vendor-independent two-dimensional speckle-tracking analysis of regional and global left ventricular LS in 16 patients with ATTR-CA and 31 patients with non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy to determine the best cutoff value of the apical sparing ratio (APSR) for diagnosing ATTR-CA. We then determined the prevalence in patients who had an APSR higher than the best cutoff value and investigated its prognostic value in 230 patients with symptomatic AS. To determine the natural history of symptomatic AS, patients who had aortic valve replacement were censored at the time of surgery. RESULTS The best cutoff value of APSR was 0.76. APSR ≥ 0.76 was observed in 108 patients with symptomatic AS (48%). The prevalence was not different among the four AS subgroups. During a median follow-up period of 5.7 months, 47 patients had cardiac events. Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that neither APSR nor APSR ≥ 0.76 was significantly associated with future cardiac events. CONCLUSIONS Apical sparing was frequently observed in patients with symptomatic AS, and it was not a useful predictor of future adverse outcomes. Our results suggest that the underlying cause of apical sparing in AS may not be related to the presence of ATTR-CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hung Yang
- Department of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Masaaki Takeuchi
- Department of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nabeshima
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Kitakyushu
| | - Eiji Yamashita
- Department of Cardiology, Gunma Prefectural Cardiovascular Center, Maebashi
| | - Masaki Izumo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki
| | - Tomoko Ishizu
- Department of Cardiology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba
| | - Yoshihiro Seo
- Department of Cardiology, University of Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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49
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de Campos D, Saleiro C, Botelho A, Costa M, Gonçalves L, Teixeira R. Aortic valve intervention for aortic stenosis and cardiac amyloidosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Future Cardiol 2022; 18:477-486. [PMID: 35420047 DOI: 10.2217/fca-2021-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic stenosis with cardiac amyloidosis (CA-AS) is common in the elderly. We provide an overview and a meta-analysis of outcomes after aortic valve (AV) intervention. The primary end point was all-cause mortality. Weighted pooled analysis showed a non-significant higher risk of death in CA-AS patients following surgical or transcatheter AV replacement. After transcatheter AV replacement, the risk of death in CA-AS patients was comparable to that associated with aortic stenosis alone (risk ratio: 1.23; 95% CI: 0.77-1.96; p = 0.39; I2 = 0%). An AV intervention is possibly not futile in CA-AS and should not be denied to patients with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana de Campos
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra - Hospital Geral, Quinta dos Vales, São Martinho do Bispo 108, Coimbra, 3041-801, Portugal
| | - Carolina Saleiro
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra - Hospital Geral, Quinta dos Vales, São Martinho do Bispo 108, Coimbra, 3041-801, Portugal
| | - Ana Botelho
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra - Hospital Geral, Quinta dos Vales, São Martinho do Bispo 108, Coimbra, 3041-801, Portugal
| | - Marco Costa
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra - Hospital Geral, Quinta dos Vales, São Martinho do Bispo 108, Coimbra, 3041-801, Portugal
| | - Lino Gonçalves
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra - Hospital Geral, Quinta dos Vales, São Martinho do Bispo 108, Coimbra, 3041-801, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, R. Larga 2, Coimbra, 3000-370, Portugal.,Coimbra Institute for Clinical & Biomedical Research (iCBR), Azinhaga Santa Comba, Celas, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal
| | - Rogério Teixeira
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra - Hospital Geral, Quinta dos Vales, São Martinho do Bispo 108, Coimbra, 3041-801, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, R. Larga 2, Coimbra, 3000-370, Portugal
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50
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McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, Gardner RS, Baumbach A, Böhm M, Burri H, Butler J, Čelutkienė J, Chioncel O, Cleland JG, Coats AJ, Crespo-Leiro MG, Farmakis D, Gilard M, Heyman S, Hoes AW, Jaarsma T, Jankowska EA, Lainscak M, Lam CS, Lyon AR, McMurray JJ, Mebazaa A, Mindham R, Muneretto C, Francesco Piepoli M, Price S, Rosano GM, Ruschitzka F, Skibelund AK. Guía ESC 2021 sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la insuficiencia cardiaca aguda y crónica. Rev Esp Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2021.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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