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Brix N, Glerup M, Foell D, Kessel C, Wittkowski H, Berntson L, Fasth A, Nielsen S, Nordal E, Rygg M, Hasle H, Herlin T. Inflammatory Biomarkers Can Differentiate Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia with Arthropathy from Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Better Than Standard Blood Tests. J Pediatr 2023; 258:113406. [PMID: 37023943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the predictive value of biomarkers of inflammation like phagocyte-related S100 proteins and a panel of inflammatory cytokines in order to differentiate the child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) from juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). STUDY DESIGN In this cross-sectional study, we measured S100A9, S100A12, and 14 cytokines in serum from children with ALL (n = 150, including 27 with arthropathy) and JIA (n = 236). We constructed predictive models computing areas under the curve (AUC) as well as predicted probabilities in order to differentiate ALL from JIA. Logistic regression was used for predictions of ALL risk, considering the markers as the respective exposures. We performed internal validation using repeated 10-fold cross-validation and recalibration, adjusted for age. RESULTS In ALL, the levels of S100A9, S100A12, interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-4, IL-13, IL-17, matrix metalloproteinase-3, and myeloperoxidase were low compared with JIA (P < .001). IL-13 had an AUC of 100% (95% CI 100%-100%) due to no overlap between the serum levels in the 2 groups. Further, IL-4 and S100A9 had high predictive performance with AUCs of 99% (95% CI 97%-100%) and 98% (95% CI 94%-99%), respectively, exceeding both hemoglobin, platelets, C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. CONCLUSIONS The biomarkers S100A9, IL-4, and IL-13 might be valuable markers to differentiate ALL from JIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninna Brix
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Mia Glerup
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dirk Foell
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Christoph Kessel
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Helmut Wittkowski
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Lillemor Berntson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Fasth
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Susan Nielsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ellen Nordal
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marite Rygg
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Pediatrics, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Henrik Hasle
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Troels Herlin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Raggi F, Bartolucci M, Cangelosi D, Rossi C, Pelassa S, Trincianti C, Petretto A, Filocamo G, Civino A, Eva A, Ravelli A, Consolaro A, Bosco MC. Proteomic profiling of extracellular vesicles in synovial fluid and plasma from Oligoarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis patients reveals novel immunopathogenic biomarkers. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1134747. [PMID: 37205098 PMCID: PMC10186353 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1134747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction New early low-invasive biomarkers are demanded for the management of Oligoarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (OJIA), the most common chronic pediatric rheumatic disease in Western countries and a leading cause of disability. A deeper understanding of the molecular basis of OJIA pathophysiology is essential for identifying new biomarkers for earlier disease diagnosis and patient stratification and to guide targeted therapeutic intervention. Proteomic profiling of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released in biological fluids has recently emerged as a minimally invasive approach to elucidate adult arthritis pathogenic mechanisms and identify new biomarkers. However, EV-prot expression and potential as biomarkers in OJIA have not been explored. This study represents the first detailed longitudinal characterization of the EV-proteome in OJIA patients. Methods Fourty-five OJIA patients were recruited at disease onset and followed up for 24 months, and protein expression profiling was carried out by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in EVs isolated from plasma (PL) and synovial fluid (SF) samples. Results We first compared the EV-proteome of SF vs paired PL and identified a panel of EV-prots whose expression was significantly deregulated in SF. Interaction network and GO enrichment analyses performed on deregulated EV-prots through STRING database and ShinyGO webserver revealed enrichment in processes related to cartilage/bone metabolism and inflammation, suggesting their role in OJIA pathogenesis and potential value as early molecular indicators of OJIA development. Comparative analysis of the EV-proteome in PL and SF from OJIA patients vs PL from age/gender-matched control children was then carried out. We detected altered expression of a panel of EV-prots able to differentiate new-onset OJIA patients from control children, potentially representing a disease-associated signature measurable at both the systemic and local levels with diagnostic potential. Deregulated EV-prots were significantly associated with biological processes related to innate immunity, antigen processing and presentation, and cytoskeleton organization. Finally, we ran WGCNA on the SF- and PL-derived EV-prot datasets and identified a few EV-prot modules associated with different clinical parameters stratifying OJIA patients in distinct subgroups. Discussion These data provide novel mechanistic insights into OJIA pathophysiology and an important contribution in the search of new candidate molecular biomarkers for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Raggi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
- Unit of Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiences, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Martina Bartolucci
- Core Facilities, Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Davide Cangelosi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
- Clinical Bioinformatics Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Rossi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
- Unit of Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiences, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Simone Pelassa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
- Unit of Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiences, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Trincianti
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal-Infantile Sciences (DiNOGMI), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Petretto
- Core Facilities, Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Filocamo
- Division of Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Adele Civino
- Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, Ospedale “Vito Fazzi”, Lecce, Italy
| | - Alessandra Eva
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Angelo Ravelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal-Infantile Sciences (DiNOGMI), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- Scientific Direction, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Consolaro
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal-Infantile Sciences (DiNOGMI), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Bosco
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
- Unit of Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiences, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maria Carla Bosco,
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Brix N, Glerup M, Thiel S, Mistegaard CE, Skals RG, Berntson L, Fasth A, Nielsen SM, Nordal E, Rygg M, Hasle H, Albertsen BK, Herlin T. M-ficolin: a valuable biomarker to identify leukaemia from juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arch Dis Child 2022; 107:371-376. [PMID: 34686494 PMCID: PMC8938675 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2021-322114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Distinction on clinical grounds between acute lymphoblastic leukaemia presenting with arthropathy (ALLarthropathy) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is difficult, as the clinical and paraclinical signs of leukaemia may be vague. The primary aim was to examine the use of lectin complement pathway proteins as markers to differentiate ALLarthropathy from JIA. The secondary aims were to compare the protein levels at baseline and follow-up in a paired number of children with ALL and to examine the correlation with haematology counts, erythrocyte sedimentation reaction (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), blasts, relapse and death. STUDY DESIGN In this observational study, we measured M-ficolin, CL-K1 and MASP-3 in serum from children with ALL (n=151) and JIA (n=238) by time-resolved immunofluorometric assays. Logistic regression was used for predictions of ALL risk, considering the markers as the respective exposures. We performed internal validation using repeated '10-fold cross-validation' with 100 repetitions computing the area under the curve (AUC) as well as positive and negative predictive values in order to evaluate the predictive performance. RESULTS The level of M-ficolin was higher in JIA than ALLtotal and the ALLarthropathy subgroup. The M-ficolin level normalised after remission of ALL. M-ficolin could differentiate ALL from JIA with an AUC of 94% and positive predictive value (PPV) of 95%, exceeding CRP and haemoglobin. In a dichotomised predictive model with optimal cut-offs for M-ficolin, platelets and haemoglobin, AUC was 99% and PPV 98% in detecting ALL from JIA. CONCLUSION M-ficolin is a valuable marker to differentiate the child with ALL from JIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninna Brix
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mia Glerup
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steffen Thiel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Clara Elbæk Mistegaard
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Lillemor Berntson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Fasth
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Gothenburg Institute of Clinical Sciences, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Susan Mary Nielsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ellen Nordal
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marite Rygg
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Henrik Hasle
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Klug Albertsen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Troels Herlin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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