1
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Singh A, Sharma A. Lymphoid tissue inducer cells in cancer: a potential therapeutic target. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:2789-2794. [PMID: 36922480 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04699-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells are dynamic in nature; these cells first acquire immune surveillance and then escape from the immune system. Hence, progressed cancer cells distribute and metastasize to other organs via blood vessels as well as from the lymphatic system. Prognosis and treatment of metastatic cancer patients remain a major challenge nowadays. Till now, lots of target -based and immune checkpoint blocker therapies are used to treat disease patients. But these therapies fail to control the dissemination and metastasis of cancer. Before designing a treatment regimen for metastatic patients, understanding the mechanism of tumor cells spreading within lymph vessels remain undetermined. Construction of lymphoid structures since embryonic to adult stage are depend upon LTi. Foundation of lymph node, payer patches and TLO is initiated and regulated through these cells in any part of the body. During tumor growth, newly developed lymph node contained MDSCs and Treg cells which inhibit the immune response and promote tumor invasion and metastasis. LTi reconstituted lymph node can be used for both early and high risk detection of cancers. High and low risk of tumor growth and invasion depend upon the location and composition of immune cells within lymph nodes. However, LTi are not reported as predictive marker in cancer till date. Recent reports in cancer indicate that LTi cells are engaged in the spreading of tumor cells into a lymphatic vessel. Through this review we are trying to brief the development and role of the LTi in immune system during homeostasis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashu Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Alpana Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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2
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Huang Z, Liu Y, An X, Zhang C, Zhang TX, Li H, Feng B, Li YY, Zhang C. Rituximab induces a transient fluctuation of peripheral and follicular helper T cells in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 382:578167. [PMID: 37536049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Autoreactive CD4+ helper T cells are implicated in the pathogenesis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Both PD-1+CXCR5+CD4+ T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and PD-1+CXCR5-CD4+ T peripheral helper (Tph) cells can contribute to B-cell immune responses and the production of antibodies. Here we show the effect of B-cell depletion with rituximab on the homeostasis of Tfh cells, Tph cells and their subsets in patients with NMOSD. After rituximab treatment, total Tph cells, total Tfh cells, Tph17 cells, Tph17.1 cells, Tph1 cells, and Tfh1 cells tended to decrease at month 1, but gradually increased at month 6 and restored at month 12. Besides, Tph17.1 cells and Tfh17.1 cells were correlated with the proportion of CD19- antibody-secreting cells. Our data suggest that rituximab induced a fluctuation of proinflammatory Tph and Tfh subsets within one year after initiation of the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenning Huang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xueting An
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tian-Xiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huining Li
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-Yan Li
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Center of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Diseases, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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3
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Laaker C, Baenen C, Kovács KG, Sandor M, Fabry Z. Immune cells as messengers from the CNS to the periphery: the role of the meningeal lymphatic system in immune cell migration from the CNS. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1233908. [PMID: 37662908 PMCID: PMC10471710 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1233908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades there has been a large focus on understanding the mechanisms of peripheral immune cell infiltration into the central nervous system (CNS) in neuroinflammatory diseases. This intense research led to several immunomodulatory therapies to attempt to regulate immune cell infiltration at the blood brain barrier (BBB), the choroid plexus (ChP) epithelium, and the glial barrier. The fate of these infiltrating immune cells depends on both the neuroinflammatory environment and their type-specific interactions with innate cells of the CNS. Although the fate of the majority of tissue infiltrating immune cells is death, a percentage of these cells could become tissue resident immune cells. Additionally, key populations of immune cells can possess the ability to "drain" out of the CNS and act as messengers reporting signals from the CNS toward peripheral lymphatics. Recent data supports that the meningeal lymphatic system is involved not just in fluid homeostatic functions in the CNS but also in facilitating immune cell migration, most notably dendritic cell migration from the CNS to the meningeal borders and to the draining cervical lymph nodes. Similar to the peripheral sites, draining immune cells from the CNS during neuroinflammation have the potential to coordinate immunity in the lymph nodes and thus influence disease. Here in this review, we will evaluate evidence of immune cell drainage from the brain via the meningeal lymphatics and establish the importance of this in animal models and humans. We will discuss how targeting immune cells at sites like the meningeal lymphatics could provide a new mechanism to better provide treatment for a variety of neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin Laaker
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Cameron Baenen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kristóf G. Kovács
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Matyas Sandor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Zsuzsanna Fabry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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4
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Chunder R, Schropp V, Jabari S, Marzin M, Amor S, Kuerten S. Identification of a novel role for matrix metalloproteinase-3 in the modulation of B cell responses in multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1025377. [PMID: 36389698 PMCID: PMC9644161 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1025377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a growing interest in the presence and role of B cell aggregates within the central nervous system of multiple sclerosis patients. However, very little is known about the expression profile of molecules associated with these aggregates and how they might be influencing aggregate development or persistence in the brain. The current study focuses on the effect of matrix metalloproteinase-3, which is associated with B cell aggregates in autopsied multiple sclerosis brain tissue, on B cells. Autopsied brain sections from multiple sclerosis cases and controls were screened for the presence of CD20+ B cell aggregates and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3. Using flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and gene array as methods, in vitro studies were conducted using peripheral blood of healthy volunteers to demonstrate the effect of matrix metalloproteinase-3 on B cells. Autopsied brain sections from multiple sclerosis patients containing aggregates of B cells expressed a significantly higher amount of matrix metalloproteinase-3 compared to controls. In vitro experiments demonstrated that matrix metalloproteinase-3 dampened the overall activation status of B cells by downregulating CD69, CD80 and CD86. Furthermore, matrix metalloproteinase-3-treated B cells produced significantly lower amounts of interleukin-6. Gene array data confirmed that matrix metalloproteinase-3 altered the proliferation and survival profiles of B cells. Taken together, out data indicate a role for B cell modulatory properties of matrix metalloproteinase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rittika Chunder
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Verena Schropp
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Samir Jabari
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospitals Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manuel Marzin
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sandra Amor
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Stefanie Kuerten
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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5
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Kee R, Naughton M, McDonnell GV, Howell OW, Fitzgerald DC. A Review of Compartmentalised Inflammation and Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in the Pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102604. [PMID: 36289863 PMCID: PMC9599335 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, immune-mediated, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The most common form of MS is a relapsing–remitting disease characterised by acute episodes of demyelination associated with the breakdown of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). In the relapsing–remitting phase there is often relative recovery (remission) from relapses characterised clinically by complete or partial resolution of neurological symptoms. In the later and progressive stages of the disease process, accrual of neurological disability occurs in a pathological process independent of acute episodes of demyelination and is accompanied by a trapped or compartmentalised inflammatory response, most notable in the connective tissue spaces of the vasculature and leptomeninges occurring behind an intact BBB. This review focuses on compartmentalised inflammation in MS and in particular, what we know about meningeal tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS; also called B cell follicles) which are organised clusters of immune cells, associated with more severe and progressive forms of MS. Meningeal inflammation and TLS could represent an important fluid or imaging marker of disease activity, whose therapeutic abrogation might be necessary to stop the most severe outcomes of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Kee
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Michelle Naughton
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | | | - Owain W. Howell
- Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University, Wales SA2 8QA, UK
| | - Denise C. Fitzgerald
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
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6
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Chudakov DB, Konovalova MV, Kashirina EI, Kotsareva OD, Shevchenko MA, Tsaregorodtseva DS, Fattakhova GV. DEPs Induce Local Ige Class Switching Independent of Their Ability to Stimulate iBALT de Novo Formation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13063. [PMID: 36293642 PMCID: PMC9603618 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) are leading to a general increase in atopic diseases worldwide. However, it is still unknown whether DEPs induce systemic B-cell IgE class switching in secondary lymphoid organs or locally in the lungs in inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT). The aim of this work was to identify the exact site of DEP-mediated B-cell IgE class switching and pro-allergic antibody production. METHODS We immunized BALB/c mice with different OVA doses (0.3 and 30 µg) intranasally in the presence and absence of two types of DEPs, SRM1650B and SRM2786. We used low (30 µg) and high (150 µg) DEP doses. RESULTS Only a high DEP dose induced IgE production, regardless of the particle type. Local IgE class switching was stimulated upon treatment with both types of particles with both low and high OVA doses. Despite the similar ability of the two standard DEPs to stimulate IgE production, their ability to induce iBALT formation and growth was markedly different upon co-administration with low OVA doses. CONCLUSIONS DEP-induced local IgE class switching takes place in preexisting iBALTs independent of de novo iBALT formation, at least in the case of SRM1650B co-administered with low OVA doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii Borisovich Chudakov
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Mariya Vladimirovna Konovalova
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Elena Igorevna Kashirina
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Olga Dmitrievna Kotsareva
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Marina Alexandrovna Shevchenko
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Daria Sergeevna Tsaregorodtseva
- Faculty of Medical Biology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 2 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Str., Moscow 1194535, Russia
| | - Gulnar Vaisovna Fattakhova
- Laboratory of Cell Interactions, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 117997, Russia
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7
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Zhai Y, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, He J, Tang M, Liu Y, Yang G, Xue P, Yao Y, He M, Xu Y, Qu W, Zhang Y. Lead suppresses interferon γ to induce splenomegaly via modification on splenic endothelial cells and lymphoid tissue organizer cells in mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 244:114046. [PMID: 36057201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Splenomegaly is a symptom characterized by the presence of an enlarged spleen. The impact of environmental factors on splenomegaly is largely unknown. In this study, C57BL/6 mice were treated with 125 ppm or 1250 ppm lead (Pb) via drinking water for 8 wk, and the process of splenomegaly was evaluated. Treatment with 1250 ppm Pb, but not 125 ppm Pb, caused splenomegaly, which was associated with increased capacity for erythrocyte clearance. Intriguingly, Pb-caused splenomegaly was independent of lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells, which produce lymphotoxins α and β (LTα/β) to activate endothelial cells and LT organizer (LTo) cells and drive the development of spleen physiologically. A direct action of Pb on endothelial cells and LTo cells did not impact their proliferation. On the other hand, during steady state, a tonic level of interferon (IFN)γ acted on endothelial cells and LTo cells to suppress splenomegaly, as IFNγ receptor (IFNγR)-deficient mice had enlarged spleens relative to wild-type mice; during Pb exposure, splenic IFNγ production was suppressed, thus leading to a loss of the inhibitory effect of IFNγ on splenomegaly. Mechanically, Pb acted on splenic CD4+ T cells to suppress IFNγ production, which impaired the Janus kinase (Jak)1/ signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 signaling in endothelial cells and LTo cells; the weakened Jak1/STAT1 signaling resulted in the enhanced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling in endothelial cells and LTo cells, which drove their proliferation and caused splenomegaly. The present study reveals a previously unrecognized mechanism for the immunotoxicity of Pb, which may extend our current understanding for Pb toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhai
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yufan Zhang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinyi He
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mengke Tang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yalin Liu
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guangrui Yang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peng Xue
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ye Yao
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Miao He
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanyi Xu
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weidong Qu
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yubin Zhang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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8
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Murphy JM, Ngai L, Mortha A, Crome SQ. Tissue-Dependent Adaptations and Functions of Innate Lymphoid Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:836999. [PMID: 35359972 PMCID: PMC8960279 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.836999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident immune cells reside in distinct niches across organs, where they contribute to tissue homeostasis and rapidly respond to perturbations in the local microenvironment. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a family of innate immune cells that regulate immune and tissue homeostasis. Across anatomical locations throughout the body, ILCs adopt tissue-specific fates, differing from circulating ILC populations. Adaptations of ILCs to microenvironmental changes have been documented in several inflammatory contexts, including obesity, asthma, and inflammatory bowel disease. While our understanding of ILC functions within tissues have predominantly been based on mouse studies, development of advanced single cell platforms to study tissue-resident ILCs in humans and emerging patient-based data is providing new insights into this lymphocyte family. Within this review, we discuss current concepts of ILC fate and function, exploring tissue-specific functions of ILCs and their contribution to health and disease across organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Murphy
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Louis Ngai
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arthur Mortha
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Q Crome
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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9
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Wang S, van de Pavert SA. Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Central Nervous System. Front Immunol 2022; 13:837250. [PMID: 35185929 PMCID: PMC8852840 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.837250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cells are present within the central nervous system and play important roles in neurological inflammation and disease. As relatively new described immune cell population, Innate Lymphoid Cells are now increasingly recognized within the central nervous system and associated diseases. Innate Lymphoid Cells are generally regarded as tissue resident and early responders, while conversely within the central nervous system at steady-state their presence is limited. This review describes the current understandings on Innate Lymphoid Cells in the central nervous system at steady-state and its borders plus their involvement in major neurological diseases like ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease and Multiple Sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Serge A. van de Pavert
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Marseille, France
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10
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Remyelination in PNS and CNS: current and upcoming cellular and molecular strategies to treat disabling neuropathies. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:8097-8110. [PMID: 34731366 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06755-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Myelin is a lipid-rich nerve cover that consists of glial cell's plasmalemma layers and accelerates signal conduction. Axon-myelin contact is a source for many developmental and regenerative signals of myelination. Intra- or extracellular factors including both enhancers and inhibitors are other factors affecting the myelination process. Myelin damages are observed in several congenital and hereditary diseases, physicochemical conditions, infections, or traumatic insults, and remyelination is known as an intrinsic response to injuries. Here we discuss some molecular events and conditions involved in de- and remyelination and compare the phenomena of remyelination in CNS and PNS. We have explained applying some of these molecular events in myelin restoration. Finally, the current and upcoming treatment strategies for myelin restoration are explained in three groups of immunotherapy, endogenous regeneration enhancement, and cell therapy to give a better insight for finding the more effective rehabilitation strategies considering the underlying molecular events of a lesion formation and its current condition.
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11
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Bcl6 controls meningeal Th17-B cell interaction in murine neuroinflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2023174118. [PMID: 34479995 PMCID: PMC8433502 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023174118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The meninges protect the central nervous system but also host lymphocytes in neuroinflammation. In human multiple sclerosis, preferentially B cells accumulate in the meninges. By generating a compartment-specific transcriptional map of meningeal versus parenchymal leukocytes in experimental neuroinflammation, we found a follicular phenotype of meningeal B cells and a corresponding follicular helper-like phenotype in meningeal Th17 cells. The meninges thus instructed a site-specific local phenotype to proinflammatory autoreactive T cells. We identified the transcription factor Bcl6 in Th17 cells to promote interactions with meningeal B cells, isotype-switching, and B cell-supporting chemokines. This may describe a mechanism controlling meningeal autoimmunity and helps understanding how the meninges, as a recently recognized immunologically active site, contribute to autoimmune tissue damage in multiple sclerosis. Ectopic lymphoid tissue containing B cells forms in the meninges at late stages of human multiple sclerosis (MS) and when neuroinflammation is induced by interleukin (IL)-17 producing T helper (Th17) cells in rodents. B cell differentiation and the subsequent release of class-switched immunoglobulins have been speculated to occur in the meninges, but the exact cellular composition and underlying mechanisms of meningeal-dominated inflammation remain unknown. Here, we performed in-depth characterization of meningeal versus parenchymal Th17-induced rodent neuroinflammation. The most pronounced cellular and transcriptional differences between these compartments was the localization of B cells exhibiting a follicular phenotype exclusively to the meninges. Correspondingly, meningeal but not parenchymal Th17 cells acquired a B cell–supporting phenotype and resided in close contact with B cells. This preferential B cell tropism for the meninges and the formation of meningeal ectopic lymphoid tissue was partially dependent on the expression of the transcription factor Bcl6 in Th17 cells that is required in other T cell lineages to induce isotype class switching in B cells. A function of Bcl6 in Th17 cells was only detected in vivo and was reflected by the induction of B cell–supporting cytokines, the appearance of follicular B cells in the meninges, and of immunoglobulin class switching in the cerebrospinal fluid. We thus identify the induction of a B cell–supporting meningeal microenvironment by Bcl6 in Th17 cells as a mechanism controlling compartment specificity in neuroinflammation.
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12
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Zhan J, Kipp M, Han W, Kaddatz H. Ectopic lymphoid follicles in progressive multiple sclerosis: From patients to animal models. Immunology 2021; 164:450-466. [PMID: 34293193 PMCID: PMC8517596 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectopic lymphoid follicles (ELFs), resembling germinal centre‐like structures, emerge in a variety of infectious and autoimmune and neoplastic diseases. ELFs can be found in the meninges of around 40% of the investigated progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) post‐mortem brain tissues and are associated with the severity of cortical degeneration and clinical disease progression. Of predominant importance for progressive neuronal damage during the progressive MS phase appears to be meningeal inflammation, comprising diffuse meningeal infiltrates, B‐cell aggregates and compartmentalized ELFs. However, the absence of a uniform definition of ELFs impedes reproducible and comparable neuropathological research in this field. In this review article, we will first highlight historical aspects and milestones around the discovery of ELFs in the meninges of progressive MS patients. In the next step, we discuss how animal models may contribute to an understanding of the mechanisms underlying ELF formation. Finally, we summarize challenges in investigating ELFs and propose potential directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangshan Zhan
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.,Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Markus Kipp
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.,Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Wenling Han
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University Health Science Cente, Beijing, China.,Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, China
| | - Hannes Kaddatz
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.,Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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13
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Wang C, Wang D, Zhao H, Wang J, Liu N, Shi H, Tian J, Wang X, Zhang Z. Traffic-related PM 2.5 and diverse constituents disturb the balance of Th17/Treg cells by STAT3/RORγt-STAT5/Foxp3 signaling pathway in a rat model of asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107788. [PMID: 34162152 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble ions (WSI) and organic extract (OE) in traffic-related particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 2.5 μm (TRPM2.5) are potential risk factors for asthma exacerbation. Although CD4+ T lymphocytes mediated immune response is involved in the pathogenesis of asthma, the effect of WSI-TRPM2.5 and OE-TRPM2.5 on the balance of Th17/Treg cells in asthma remains poorly understood. In this study, the ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized rats were repeatedly exposure to TRPM2.5 (3 mg/kg·bw), WSI-TRPM2.5 (1.8 mg/kg·bw, 7.2 mg/kg·bw) and OE-TRPM2.5 (0.6 mg/kg·bw, 2.4 mg/kg·bw) every three days for five times. The inflammation response and hyperemia edema were observed in the lung and trachea tissues. DNA methylation levels of STAT3 and RORγt genes in rats with WSI-TRPM2.5 and OE-TRPM2.5 treatment were decreased. DNA methylation level in STAT5 gene tended to decrease, with no change observed on Foxp3 expression. WSI-TRPM2.5 and OE-TRPM2.5 enhanced the mRNA and protein expression of STAT3 and RORγt while inhibited the expression of STAT5 and Foxp3, which may contribute to the imbalance of Th17/Treg cells (P < 0.05). More importantly, recovered balance of Th17/Treg cell subsets, upregulated p-STAT5 and Foxp3 expression and reduced p-STAT3 and RORγt levels were observed after 5-Aza treatment. Our results demonstrate that the STAT3/RORγt-STAT5/Foxp3 signaling pathway is involved in asthma exacerbation induced by WSI-TRPM2.5 and OE-TRPM2.5 through disrupting the balance of Th17/Treg cells. The alteration of DNA methylation of STAT3, STAT5, and RORγt genes may be involved in asthma exacerbation as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Huichao Zhao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Nannan Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Hao Shi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiayu Tian
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
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14
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Domblides C, Rochefort J, Riffard C, Panouillot M, Lescaille G, Teillaud JL, Mateo V, Dieu-Nosjean MC. Tumor-Associated Tertiary Lymphoid Structures: From Basic and Clinical Knowledge to Therapeutic Manipulation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:698604. [PMID: 34276690 PMCID: PMC8279885 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.698604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a complex ecosystem almost unique to each patient. Most of available therapies target tumor cells according to their molecular characteristics, angiogenesis or immune cells involved in tumor immune-surveillance. Unfortunately, only a limited number of patients benefit in the long-term of these treatments that are often associated with relapses, in spite of the remarkable progress obtained with the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICP). The presence of “hot” tumors is a determining parameter for selecting therapies targeting the patient immunity, even though some of them still do not respond to treatment. In human studies, an in-depth analysis of the organization and interactions of tumor-infiltrating immune cells has revealed the presence of an ectopic lymphoid organization termed tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in a large number of tumors. Their marked similarity to secondary lymphoid organs has suggested that TLS are an “anti-tumor school” and an “antibody factory” to fight malignant cells. They are effectively associated with long-term survival in most solid tumors, and their presence has been recently shown to predict response to ICP inhibitors. This review discusses the relationship between TLS and the molecular characteristics of tumors and the presence of oncogenic viruses, as well as their role when targeted therapies are used. Also, we present some aspects of TLS biology in non-tumor inflammatory diseases and discuss the putative common characteristics that they share with tumor-associated TLS. A detailed overview of the different pre-clinical models available to investigate TLS function and neogenesis is also presented. Finally, new approaches aimed at a better understanding of the role and function of TLS such as the use of spheroids and organoids and of artificial intelligence algorithms, are also discussed. In conclusion, increasing our knowledge on TLS will undoubtedly improve prognostic prediction and treatment selection in cancer patients with key consequences for the next generation immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Domblides
- Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Université, UMRS 1135, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1135, Paris, France.,Laboratory "Immune microenvironment and immunotherapy", Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses Paris (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Juliette Rochefort
- Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Université, UMRS 1135, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1135, Paris, France.,Laboratory "Immune microenvironment and immunotherapy", Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses Paris (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Faculté de Santé, UFR Odontologie, Paris, France.,Service Odontologie, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Clémence Riffard
- Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Université, UMRS 1135, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1135, Paris, France.,Laboratory "Immune microenvironment and immunotherapy", Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses Paris (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Marylou Panouillot
- Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Université, UMRS 1135, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1135, Paris, France.,Laboratory "Immune microenvironment and immunotherapy", Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses Paris (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Géraldine Lescaille
- Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Université, UMRS 1135, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1135, Paris, France.,Laboratory "Immune microenvironment and immunotherapy", Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses Paris (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Faculté de Santé, UFR Odontologie, Paris, France.,Service Odontologie, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Teillaud
- Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Université, UMRS 1135, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1135, Paris, France.,Laboratory "Immune microenvironment and immunotherapy", Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses Paris (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Véronique Mateo
- Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Université, UMRS 1135, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1135, Paris, France.,Laboratory "Immune microenvironment and immunotherapy", Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses Paris (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Marie-Caroline Dieu-Nosjean
- Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Université, UMRS 1135, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1135, Paris, France.,Laboratory "Immune microenvironment and immunotherapy", Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses Paris (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
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15
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de Souza FRO, Ribeiro FM, Lima PMD. Implications of VIP and PACAP in Parkinson's Disease: What do we Know So Far? Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1703-1715. [PMID: 32196442 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200320162436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders and although its aetiology is not yet fully understood, neuroinflammation has been identified as a key factor in the progression of the disease. Vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate-cyclase activating polypeptide are two neuropeptides that exhibit anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, modulating the production of cytokines and chemokines and the behaviour of immune cells. However, the role of chemokines and cytokines modulated by the endogenous receptors of the peptides varies according to the stage of the disease. METHODS We present an overview of the relationship between some cytokines and chemokines with vasoactive intestinal peptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide and their endogenous receptors in the context of Parkinson's disease neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, as well as the modulation of microglial cells by the peptides in this context. RESULTS The two peptides exhibit neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties in models of Parkinson's disease, as they ameliorate cognitive functions, decrease the level of neuroinflammation and promote dopaminergic neuronal survival. The peptides have been tested in a variety of in vivo and in vitro models of Parkinson's disease, demonstrating the potential for therapeutic application. CONCLUSION More studies are needed to establish the clinical use of vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide as safe candidates for treating Parkinson's disease, as the use of the peptides in different stages of the disease could produce different results concerning effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Resende Oliveira de Souza
- Laboratory of Immunology and Microbiology, Department of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Sao Joao Del Rei, Praca Dom Helvecio, n. 74, Fabricas, 36301160, Sao Joao Del Rei, MG, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Mara Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Neurobiochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Maria d'Almeida Lima
- Laboratory of Immunology and Microbiology, Department of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Sao Joao Del Rei, Praca Dom Helvecio, n. 74, Fabricas, 36301160, Sao Joao Del Rei, MG, Brazil
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16
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Shi YX, Chen WS. Monascin ameliorate inflammation in the lipopolysaccharide-induced BV-2 microglial cells via suppressing the NF-κB/p65 pathway. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:461-468. [PMID: 32489561 PMCID: PMC7239424 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.41045.9702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases is complicated, in which inflammatory reactions play a vital role. Microglia cells activation, an essential process of neuroinflammation, can produce neurotoxic molecules and neurotrophic factors, which aggravate inflammation and neuronal injury. Monascin, a major component of red yeast rice, is an azaphilonoid pigment with potential anti-inflammatory effects; however, the effects in central nervous system have not been evaluated. Our goal in this project was to explore the therapeutic effect and the underlying mechanism of Monascin, which may be via anti-inflammatory action. Materials and Methods We used lipopolysaccharide to induce BV-2 microglial cells in order to form an inflammation model in vitro. The anti-inflammatory effects of Monascin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western Blot and Immunofluorescent staining. Results Our data indicated that inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and nitric oxide were suppressed by Monascin treatment. Furthermore, the related pro-inflammatory genes were inhibited consistent with the results of ELISA assay. Western blotting results showed that the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB/p65) was reduced by Monascin treatment may be through suppressing the activation of IκB. Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining showed that the translocation of NF-κB/p65 to the cellular nuclear was blockaded after Monascin treatment. Conclusion Taken together, Monascin exerts anti-inflammatory effect and suppressed microglia activation, which suggested its potential therapeutic effect for inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xiang Shi
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Shan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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17
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Luo S, Zhu R, Yu T, Fan H, Hu Y, Mohanta SK, Hu D. Chronic Inflammation: A Common Promoter in Tertiary Lymphoid Organ Neogenesis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2938. [PMID: 31921189 PMCID: PMC6930186 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) frequently develop locally in adults in response to non-resolving inflammation. Chronic inflammation leads to the differentiation of stromal fibroblast cells toward lymphoid tissue organizer-like cells, which interact with lymphotoxin α1β2+ immune cells. The interaction initiates lymphoid neogenesis by recruiting immune cells to the site of inflammation and ultimately leads to the formation of TLOs. Mature TLOs harbor a segregated T-cell zone, B-cell follicles with an activated germinal center, follicular dendritic cells, and high endothelial venules, which architecturally resemble those in secondary lymphoid organs. Since CXCL13 and LTα1β2 play key roles in TLO neogenesis, they might constitute potential biomarkers of TLO activity. The well-developed TLOs actively regulate local immune responses and influence disease progression, and they are thereby regarded as the powerhouses of local immunity. In this review, we recapitulated the determinants for TLOs development, with great emphasis on the fundamental role of chronic inflammation and tissue-resident stromal cells for TLO neogenesis, hence offering guidance for therapeutic interventions in TLO-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Luo
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Fan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sarajo Kumar Mohanta
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Desheng Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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