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Chen J, Gao Y, Liu N, Hai D, Wei W, Liu Y, Lan X, Jin X, Yu J, Ma L. Mechanism of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Epilepsy and Related Therapeutic Agents. Neuroscience 2024; 546:157-177. [PMID: 38574797 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most widespread and complex diseases in the central nervous system (CNS), affecting approximately 65 million people globally, an important factor resulting in neurological disability-adjusted life year (DALY) and progressive cognitive dysfunction. Medication is the most essential treatment. The currently used drugs have shown drug resistance in some patients and only control symptoms; the development of novel and more efficacious pharmacotherapy is imminent. Increasing evidence suggests neuroinflammation is involved in the occurrence and development of epilepsy, and high expression of NLRP3 inflammasome has been observed in the temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) brain tissue of patients and animal models. The inflammasome is a crucial cause of neuroinflammation by activating IL-1β and IL-18. Many preclinical studies have confirmed that regulating NLRP3 inflammasome pathway can prevent the development of epilepsy, reduce the severity of epilepsy, and play a neuroprotective role. Therefore, regulating NLRP3 inflammasome could be a potential target for epilepsy treatment. In summary, this review describes the priming and activation of inflammasome and its biological function in the progression of epilepsy. In addition, we reviewes the current pharmacological researches for epilepsy based on the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome, aiming to provide a basis and reference for developing novel antiepileptic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Dongmei Hai
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xiaobing Lan
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xueqin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Jianqiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
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Wang F, Wang Y, Zhang QY, Hu KY, Song YJ, Yang L, Fei F, Xu CL, Cui SL, Ruan YP, Wang Y, Chen Z. Small-molecule caspase-1 inhibitor CZL80 terminates refractory status epilepticus via inhibition of glutamatergic transmission. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024:10.1038/s41401-024-01257-0. [PMID: 38514863 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01257-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Status epilepticus (SE), a serious and often life-threatening medical emergency, is characterized by abnormally prolonged seizures. It is not effectively managed by present first-line anti-seizure medications and could readily develop into drug resistance without timely treatment. In this study, we highlight the therapeutic potential of CZL80, a small molecule that inhibits caspase-1, in SE termination and its related mechanisms. We found that delayed treatment of diazepam (0.5 h) easily induces resistance in kainic acid (KA)-induced SE. CZL80 dose-dependently terminated diazepam-resistant SE, extending the therapeutic time window to 3 h following SE, and also protected against neuronal damage. Interestingly, the effect of CZL80 on SE termination was model-dependent, as evidenced by ineffectiveness in the pilocarpine-induced SE. Further, we found that CZL80 did not terminate KA-induced SE in Caspase-1-/- mice but partially terminated SE in IL1R1-/- mice, suggesting the SE termination effect of CZL80 was dependent on the caspase-1, but not entirely through the downstream IL-1β pathway. Furthermore, in vivo calcium fiber photometry revealed that CZL80 completely reversed the neuroinflammation-augmented glutamatergic transmission in SE. Together, our results demonstrate that caspase-1 inhibitor CZL80 terminates diazepam-resistant SE by blocking glutamatergic transmission. This may be of great therapeutic significance for the clinical treatment of refractory SE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Qing-Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Ke-Yu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Ying-Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Fan Fei
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Ceng-Lin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Sun-Liang Cui
- Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of The Ministry of Health of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ye-Ping Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
- Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of The Ministry of Health of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Zhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
- Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of The Ministry of Health of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Song Y, Gao M, Wei B, Huang X, Yang Z, Zou J, Guo Y. Mitochondrial ferritin alleviates ferroptosis in a kainic acid-induced mouse epilepsy model by regulating iron homeostasis: Involvement of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14663. [PMID: 38439636 PMCID: PMC10912846 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy is a widespread and chronic disease of the central nervous system caused by a variety of factors. Mitochondrial ferritin (FtMt) refers to ferritin located within the mitochondria that may protect neurons against oxidative stress by binding excess free iron ions in the cytoplasm. However, the potential role of FtMt in epilepsy remains unclear. We aimed to investigate whether FtMt and its related mechanisms can regulate epilepsy by modulating ferroptosis. METHODS Three weeks after injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV) in the skull of adult male C57BL/6 mice, kainic acid (KA) was injected into the hippocampus to induce seizures. Primary hippocampal neurons were transfected with siRNA using a glutamate-mediated epilepsy model. After specific treatments, Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence, EEG recording, transmission electron microscopy, iron staining, silver staining, and Nissl staining were performed. RESULTS At different time points after KA injection, the expression of FtMt protein in the hippocampus of mice showed varying degrees of increase. Knockdown of the FtMt gene by AAV resulted in an increase in intracellular free iron levels and a decrease in the function of iron transport-related proteins, promoting neuronal ferroptosis and exacerbating epileptic brain activity in the hippocampus of seizure mice. Additionally, increasing the expression level of FtMt protein was achieved by AAV-mediated upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) gene in the hippocampus of seizure mice. CONCLUSIONS In epilepsy, Nrf2 modulates ferroptosis by involving the expression of FtMt and may be a potential therapeutic mechanism of neuronal injury after epilepsy. Targeting this relevant process for treatment may be a therapeutic strategy to prevent epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Song
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Mengjiao Gao
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Boyang Wei
- Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | | | - Zeyu Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of EducationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Junjie Zou
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yanwu Guo
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
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Li Q, Qu Z, Jia L, Wang W. Expression and correlation of the NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome and the silent information regulator 1 in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2024; 201:107338. [PMID: 38447234 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2024.107338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammatory pathway is implicated in the development of epilepsy and can be suppressed by the activation of the silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1). However, the expression and correlation of the NLRP3 pathway and SIRT1 in drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) remain unknown. METHODS This study evaluated the histopathology of the cerebral cortex from nine patients with DRE and eight patients with cavernous haemangioma undergoing surgical treatment. It analysed the expression of the NLRP3, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), caspase-1 and SIRT1 using immunohistochemistry. Additionally, the contents of NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and SIRT1 in the serum samples of the included study participants were determined using ELISA method. The correlation between the NLRP3 pathway and the SIRT1 was assessed using Spearman's correlation analysis. RESULTS The expression of NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1β in the cerebral cortex of patients with DRE was elevated, with the NLRP3 expression being negatively correlated with the SIRT1 expression. Furthermore, IL-1β in serum was upregulated in patients with DRE. The correlation between the content of serum SIRT1 and NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1β in patients with DRE was not significant. Notably, serum caspase-1 levels were obviously higher in patients with bilateral hippocampal sclerosis than in patients with unilateral hippocampal sclerosis. CONCLUSIONS The current results indicate that the expression of the NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β pathway is significantly upregulated in patients with DRE and that it is partially correlated with the SIRT1 expression. This study is important for understanding the pathophysiology of DRE and developing new treatment strategies for it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Qu
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijing Jia
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang S, Xie S, Zheng Y, Chen Z, Xu C. Current advances in rodent drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy models: Hints from laboratory studies. Neurochem Int 2024; 174:105699. [PMID: 38382810 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Anti-seizure drugs (ASDs) are the first choice for the treatment of epilepsy, but there is still one-third of patients with epilepsy (PWEs) who are resistant to two or more appropriately chosen ASDs, named drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), a common type of epilepsy usually associated with hippocampal sclerosis (HS), shares the highest proportion of drug resistance (approximately 70%). In view of the key role of the temporal lobe in memory, emotion, and other physiological functions, patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (DR-TLE) are often accompanied by serious complications, and surgical procedures also yield extra considerations. The exact mechanisms for the genesis of DR-TLE remain unillustrated, which makes it hard to manage patients with DR-TLE in clinical practice. Animal models of DR-TLE play an irreplaceable role in both understanding the mechanism and searching for new therapeutic strategies or drugs. In this review article, we systematically summarized different types of current DR-TLE models, and then recent advances in mechanism investigations obtained in these models were presented, especially with the development of advanced experimental techniques and tools. We are deeply encouraged that novel strategies show great therapeutic potential in those DR-TLE models. Based on the big steps reached from the bench, a new light has been shed on the precise management of DR-TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengyang Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cenglin Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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Ravichandran KA, Heneka MT. Inflammasomes in neurological disorders - mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Nat Rev Neurol 2024; 20:67-83. [PMID: 38195712 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00915-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are molecular scaffolds that are activated by damage-associated and pathogen-associated molecular patterns and form a key element of innate immune responses. Consequently, the involvement of inflammasomes in several diseases that are characterized by inflammatory processes, such as multiple sclerosis, is widely appreciated. However, many other neurological conditions, including Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stroke, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, sepsis-associated encephalopathy and neurological sequelae of COVID-19, all involve persistent inflammation in the brain, and increasing evidence suggests that inflammasome activation contributes to disease progression in these conditions. Understanding the biology and mechanisms of inflammasome activation is, therefore, crucial for the development of inflammasome-targeted therapies for neurological conditions. In this Review, we present the current evidence for and understanding of inflammasome activation in neurological diseases and discuss current and potential interventional strategies that target inflammasome activation to mitigate its pathological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Aravind Ravichandran
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Institute of innate immunity, University of Bonn Medical Center Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, North Worcester, MA, USA.
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Ye X, Lin JY, Chen LX, Wu XC, Ma KJ, Li BX, Fang YX. SREBP1 deficiency diminishes glutamate-mediated HT22 cell damage and hippocampal neuronal pyroptosis induced by status epilepticus. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23945. [PMID: 38205297 PMCID: PMC10777081 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Status epilepticus (SE) is a life-threatening disorder that can result in death or severe brain damage, and there is a substantial body of evidence suggesting a strong association between pyroptosis and SE. Sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) is a significant transcription factor participating in both lipid homeostasis and glucose metabolism. However, the function of SREBP1 in pyroptosis during SE remains unknown. In this study, we established a SE rat model by intraperitoneal injection of lithium chloride and pilocarpine in vivo. Additionally, we treated HT22 hippocampal cells with glutamate to create neuronal injury models in vitro. Our results demonstrated a significant induction of SREBP1, inflammasomes, and pyroptosis in the hippocampus of SE rats and glutamate-treated HT22 cells. Moreover, we found that SREBP1 is regulated by the mTOR signaling pathway, and inhibiting mTOR signaling contributed to the amelioration of SE-induced hippocampal neuron pyroptosis, accompanied by a reduction in SREBP1 expression. Furthermore, we conducted siRNA-mediated knockdown of SREBP1 in HT22 cells and observed a significant reversal of glutamate-induced cell death, activation of inflammasomes, and pyroptosis. Importantly, our confocal immunofluorescence analysis revealed the co-localization of SREBP1 and NLRP1. In conclusion, our findings suggest that deficiency of SREBP1 attenuates glutamate-induced HT22 cell injury and hippocampal neuronal pyroptosis in rats following SE. Targeting SREBP1 may hold promise as a therapeutic strategy for SE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Ye
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun-Yi Lin
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ling-Xia Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Xue-chun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai-Jun Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Institute of Forensic Science, Shanghai Public Security Bureau, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Bei-Xu Li
- School of Policing Studies, Shanghai University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai, 201701, China
| | - You-Xin Fang
- Department of Neurology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Hong Y, Wei C, Fu M, Li X, Zhang H, Yao B. MCC950 alleviates seizure severity and angiogenesis by inhibiting NLRP3/ IL-1β signaling pathway-mediated pyroptosis in mouse model of epilepsy. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111236. [PMID: 38039716 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common serious chronic brain disorders, affecting up to 70 million people worldwide. Vascular disruption, including blood-brain barrier impairment and pathological angiogenesis, exacerbates its occurrence. However, its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. MCC950 is a specific small-molecule inhibitor that selectively blocks NLRP3 inflammatory vesicle activation across the blood-brain barrier, limits downstream IL-1β maturation and release, and exerts therapeutic effects across multiple diseases. In the present study, an epilepsy model was established by intraperitoneal administration of Kainic acid to adult male C57BL/6J wild-type mice. The results revealed that the epilepsy susceptibility of MCC950-treated mice was decreased, and neural damage following seizure episodes was reduced. In addition, immunofluorescence staining, RT-qPCR, and Western blot demonstrated that MCC950 inhibited the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its related proteins in microglia, whereas microangiogenesis was found to be increased in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of epileptic mice, and these effects could be reversed by MCC950. Furthermore, neurobehavioral impairment was observed in the epileptic mouse model, and MCC950 similarly alleviated the aforementioned pathological process. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to establish that pathological microangiogenesis is associated with NLRP3/IL-1β signaling pathway activation in a Kainic acid-induced epilepsy mouse model and that MCC950 administration attenuates the above-mentioned pathological changes and exerts neuroprotective effects. Therefore, MCC950 is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongri Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Caichuan Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Miaoying Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Xinyang Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Haiju Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
| | - Baozhen Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
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9
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Li W, Wu J, Zeng Y, Zheng W. Neuroinflammation in epileptogenesis: from pathophysiology to therapeutic strategies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1269241. [PMID: 38187384 PMCID: PMC10771847 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1269241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a group of enduring neurological disorder characterized by spontaneous and recurrent seizures with heterogeneous etiology, clinical expression, severity, and prognosis. Growing body of research investigates that epileptic seizures are originated from neuronal synchronized and excessive electrical activity. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of epileptogenesis have not yet been fully elucidated and 30% of epileptic patients still are resistant to the currently available pharmacological treatments with recurrent seizures throughout life. Over the past two decades years accumulated evidences provide strong support to the hypothesis that neuroinflammation, including microglia and astrocytes activation, a cascade of inflammatory mediator releasing, and peripheral immune cells infiltration from blood into brain, is associated with epileptogenesis. Meanwhile, an increasing body of preclinical researches reveal that the anti-inflammatory therapeutics targeting crucial inflammatory components are effective and promising in the treatment of epilepsy. The aim of the present study is to highlight the current understanding of the potential neuroinflammatory mechanisms in epileptogenesis and the potential therapeutic targets against epileptic seizures.
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Nakajima S, Demers G, Machuca-Parra AI, Pour ZD, Bairamian D, Bouyakdan K, Fisette A, Kabahizi A, Robb J, Rodaros D, Laurent C, Ferreira G, Arbour N, Alquier T, Fulton S. Central activation of the fatty acid sensor GPR120 suppresses microglia reactivity and alleviates sickness- and anxiety-like behaviors. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:302. [PMID: 38111048 PMCID: PMC10729532 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02978-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120, Ffar4) is a sensor for long-chain fatty acids including omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) known for beneficial effects on inflammation, metabolism, and mood. GPR120 mediates the anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects of n-3 PUFAs in peripheral tissues. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of GPR120 stimulation on microglial reactivity, neuroinflammation and sickness- and anxiety-like behaviors by acute proinflammatory insults. We found GPR120 mRNA to be enriched in both murine and human microglia, and in situ hybridization revealed GPR120 expression in microglia of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in mice. In a manner similar to or exceeding n-3 PUFAs, GPR120 agonism (Compound A, CpdA) strongly attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced proinflammatory marker expression in primary mouse microglia, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and inhibited nuclear factor-ĸB translocation to the nucleus. Central administration of CpdA to adult mice blunted LPS-induced hypolocomotion and anxiety-like behavior and reduced TNF-α, IL-1β and IBA-1 (microglia marker) mRNA in the NAc, a brain region modulating anxiety and motivation and implicated in neuroinflammation-induced mood deficits. GPR120 agonist pre-treatment attenuated NAc microglia reactivity and alleviated sickness-like behaviors elicited by central injection TNF-α and IL-1β. These findings suggest that microglial GPR120 contributes to neuroimmune regulation and behavioral changes in response to acute infection and elevated brain cytokines. GPR120 may participate in the protective action of n-3 PUFAs at the neural and behavioral level and offers potential as treatment target for neuroinflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Nakajima
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Geneviève Demers
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Arturo Israel Machuca-Parra
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Zahra Dashtehei Pour
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Diane Bairamian
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Khalil Bouyakdan
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Alexandre Fisette
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
- Research Group in Cellular Signaling, Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Anita Kabahizi
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Josephine Robb
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Demetra Rodaros
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Cyril Laurent
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Guillaume Ferreira
- Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology Unit, UMR 1286, INRA-Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Arbour
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Thierry Alquier
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Stephanie Fulton
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada.
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada.
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11
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Palumbo L, Carinci M, Guarino A, Asth L, Zucchini S, Missiroli S, Rimessi A, Pinton P, Giorgi C. The NLRP3 Inflammasome in Neurodegenerative Disorders: Insights from Epileptic Models. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2825. [PMID: 37893198 PMCID: PMC10604217 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation represents a dynamic process of defense and protection against the harmful action of infectious agents or other detrimental stimuli in the central nervous system (CNS). However, the uncontrolled regulation of this physiological process is strongly associated with serious dysfunctional neuronal issues linked to the progression of CNS disorders. Moreover, it has been widely demonstrated that neuroinflammation is linked to epilepsy, one of the most prevalent and serious brain disorders worldwide. Indeed, NLRP3, one of the most well-studied inflammasomes, is involved in the generation of epileptic seizures, events that characterize this pathological condition. In this context, several pieces of evidence have shown that the NLRP3 inflammasome plays a central role in the pathophysiology of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE). Based on an extensive review of the literature on the role of NLRP3-dependent inflammation in epilepsy, in this review we discuss our current understanding of the connection between NLRP3 inflammasome activation and progressive neurodegeneration in epilepsy. The goal of the review is to cover as many of the various known epilepsy models as possible, providing a broad overview of the current literature. Lastly, we also propose some of the present therapeutic strategies targeting NLRP3, aiming to provide potential insights for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Palumbo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.P.); (M.C.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Marianna Carinci
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.P.); (M.C.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Annunziata Guarino
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 70, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.G.); (L.A.); (S.Z.)
| | - Laila Asth
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 70, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.G.); (L.A.); (S.Z.)
| | - Silvia Zucchini
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 70, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.G.); (L.A.); (S.Z.)
- Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapy (LTTA), Technopole of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sonia Missiroli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.P.); (M.C.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (P.P.)
- Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapy (LTTA), Technopole of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.P.); (M.C.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (P.P.)
- Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapy (LTTA), Technopole of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center of Research for Innovative Therapies in Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.P.); (M.C.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (P.P.)
- Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapy (LTTA), Technopole of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center of Research for Innovative Therapies in Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.P.); (M.C.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (P.P.)
- Laboratory of Technologies for Advanced Therapy (LTTA), Technopole of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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12
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Lin A, Guo Y, Zhang H, Lin P, Tao K, Jiang L, Xu D, Chen B. GSDMD knockdown exacerbates hippocampal damage and seizure susceptibility by crosstalk between pyroptosis and apoptosis in kainic acid-induced temporal lobe epilepsy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166687. [PMID: 36921736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuronal loss is a vital pathological feature of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). However, the exact mechanism of neuronal loss in TLE is not fully understood. Pyroptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death (PCD), has been considered a contributor to the pathogenesis of TLE. However, recent studies have implicated extensive molecular crosstalk among pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis in various diseases, and they can be transformed to each other according to different contexts. This study aimed to investigate whether gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of TLE and whether crosstalk exists in the process of the modulation of pyroptosis. METHODS The TLE model was established by intra-amygdala injection of kainic acid. The Racine score and local field potential (LFP) recordings were used to assess seizure severity. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were applied to detect the levels and cellular localization of GSDMD. The neuronal loss and type of neuronal death in the bilateral hippocampus were assessed by Nissl staining and flow cytometry analysis. The underlying crosstalk among pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis was explored by western blot and verified by VX765. RESULTS GSDMD was significantly upregulated and mainly expressed within the neurons of the hippocampus in the TLE model. Inhibition of pyroptosis by GSDMD knockdown triggered caspase-3-mediated apoptosis, leading to excess neuronal loss and deterioration of epileptic behaviors. Blocking caspase-1 markedly inhibited caspase-3-mediated apoptosis and improved epileptic behaviors under GSDMD knockdown. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of TLE. However, inhibition of GSDMD triggers caspase-1-mediated crosstalk between pyroptosis and apoptosis, which exacerbates neuronal loss and seizure susceptibility. Therefore, the complex crosstalk among different forms of PCD should be considered when a potential molecular target in the single PCD pathway is modulated. On the other hand, along with further studies of molecular crosstalk among the PCD pathways, taking advantage of crosstalk to attenuate neuronal loss may provide new insight for the clinical therapy of TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aolei Lin
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road NO.154, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 32# W. Sec 2, 1st Ring Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Peijia Lin
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Kaiyan Tao
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Demei Xu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 40030, China
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Zhong F, Gan Y, Song J, Zhang W, Yuan S, Qin Z, Wu J, Lü Y, Yu W. The inhibition of PGAM5 suppresses seizures in a kainate-induced epilepsy model via mitophagy reduction. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1047801. [PMID: 36618822 PMCID: PMC9813404 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1047801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epilepsy is a common neurological disease, and excessive mitophagy is considered as one of the major triggers of epilepsy. Mitophagy is a crucial pathway affecting reactive oxygen species. Phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5) is a protein phosphatase present in mitochondria that regulates many biological processes including mitophagy and cell death. However, the mechanism of PGAM5 in epilepsy remains unclear. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether PGAM5 affects epilepsy through PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)-mediated mitophagy. Methods After the knockdown of PGAM5 expression by the adeno-associated virus, an epilepsy model was created by kainic acid. Next, the seizure activity was recorded by local field potentials before evaluating the level of mitochondrial autophagy marker proteins. Lastly, the ultrastructure of mitochondria, neuronal damage and oxidative stress levels were further observed. Results A higher PGAM5 level was found in epilepsy, and its cellular localization was in neurons. The interactions between PGAM5 and PINK1 in epilepsy were further found. After the knockdown of PGAM5, the level of PINK1 and light chain 3B was decreased and the expression of the translocase of the inner mitochondrial membrane 23 and translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane 20 were both increased. Knockdown of PGAM5 also resulted in reduced neuronal damage, decreased malondialdehyde levels, decreased reactive oxygen species production and increased superoxide dismutase activity. In addition, the duration of spontaneous seizure-like events (SLEs), the number of SLEs and the time spent in SLEs were all reduced in the epilepsy model after inhibition of PGAM5 expression. Conclusion Inhibition of PGAM5 expression reduces seizures via inhibiting PINK1-mediated mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxin Zhong
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunhao Gan
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaqi Song
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiyun Yuan
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhangjin Qin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiani Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Lü
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weihua Yu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Weihua Yu,
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