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Ribeiro-Júnior NG, Marimon BH, Marimon BS, Cruz WJA, Silva IV, Galbraith DR, Gloor E, Phillips OL. Anatomical functional traits and hydraulic vulnerability of trees in different water conditions in southern Amazonia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2023; 110:e16146. [PMID: 36826405 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Understanding tree species' responses to drought is critical for predicting the future of tropical forests, especially in regions where the climate is changing rapidly. METHODS We compared anatomical and functional traits of the dominant tree species of two tropical forests in southern Amazonia, one on deep, well-drained soils (cerradão [CD]) and one in a riparian environment (gallery forest [GF]), to examine potential anatomical indicators of resistance or vulnerability to drought. RESULTS Leaves of CD species generally had a thicker cuticle, upper epidermis, and mesophyll than those of GF species, traits that are indicative of adaptation to water deficit. In the GF, the theoretical hydraulic conductivity of the stems was significantly higher, indicating lower investment in drought resistance. The anatomical functional traits of CD species indicate a greater potential for surviving water restriction compared to the GF. Even so, it is possible that CD species could also be affected by extreme climate changes due to the more water-limited environment. CONCLUSIONS In addition to the marked anatomical and functional differences between these phytophysiognomies, tree diversity within each is associated with a large range of hydraulic morphofunctional niches. Our results suggest the strong potential for floristic and functional compositional shifts under continued climate change, especially in the GF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norberto G Ribeiro-Júnior
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Rua Prof. Dr. Renato Figueiro Varella, 78690-000, Nova Xavantina-MT, Brasil
- Diretoria Regional de Educação de Sinop, Secretaria de Estado de Educação de Mato Grosso, Rua dos Lírios, 78500-007, Sinop-MT, Brasil
| | - Ben Hur Marimon
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Rua Prof. Dr. Renato Figueiro Varella, 78690-000, Nova Xavantina-MT, Brasil
| | - Beatriz S Marimon
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Rua Prof. Dr. Renato Figueiro Varella, 78690-000, Nova Xavantina-MT, Brasil
| | - Wesley J A Cruz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Rua Prof. Dr. Renato Figueiro Varella, 78690-000, Nova Xavantina-MT, Brasil
| | - Ivone V Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Agroecossistemas, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Avenida Perimetral Rogério Silva, 4930, 78580-000, Alta Floresta-MT, Brasil
| | | | - Emanuel Gloor
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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Hutley LB, Beringer J, Fatichi S, Schymanski SJ, Northwood M. Gross primary productivity and water use efficiency are increasing in a high rainfall tropical savanna. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:2360-2380. [PMID: 34854173 PMCID: PMC9303751 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite their size and contribution to the global carbon cycle, we have limited understanding of tropical savannas and their current trajectory with climate change and anthropogenic pressures. Here we examined interannual variability and externally forced long-term changes in carbon and water exchange from a high rainfall savanna site in the seasonal tropics of north Australia. We used an 18-year flux data time series (2001-2019) to detect trends and drivers of fluxes of carbon and water. Significant positive trends in gross primary productivity (GPP, 15.4 g C m2 year-2 ), ecosystem respiration (Reco , 8.0 g C m2 year-2 ), net ecosystem productivity (NEE, 7.4 g C m2 year-2 ) and ecosystem water use efficiency (WUE, 0.0077 g C kg H2 O-1 year-1 ) were computed. There was a weaker, non-significant trend in latent energy exchange (LE, 0.34 W m-2 year-1 ). Rainfall from a nearby site increased statistically over a 45-year period during the observation period. To examine the dominant drivers of changes in GPP and WUE, we used a random forest approach and a terrestrial biosphere model to conduct an attribution experiment. Radiant energy was the dominant driver of wet season fluxes, whereas soil water content dominated dry season fluxes. The model attribution suggested that [CO2 ], precipitation and Tair accounting for 90% of the modelled trend in GPP and WUE. Positive trends in fluxes were largest in the dry season implying tree components were a larger contributor than the grassy understorey. Fluxes and environmental drivers were not significant during the wet season, the period when grasses are active. The site is potentially still recovering from a cyclone 45 years ago and regrowth from this event may also be contributing to the observed trends in sequestration, highlighting the need to understand fluxes and their drivers from sub-diurnal to decadal scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay B. Hutley
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, College of Engineering, IT & EnvironmentCharles Darwin UniversityCasuarinaNorthern TerritoryAustralia
| | - Jason Beringer
- School of Agriculture and EnvironmentThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Simone Fatichi
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Stanislaus J. Schymanski
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Catchment and Eco‐hydrology Group (CAT)Luxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyBelvauxLuxembourg
| | - Matthew Northwood
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, College of Engineering, IT & EnvironmentCharles Darwin UniversityCasuarinaNorthern TerritoryAustralia
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Lefebvre D, Williams AG, Kirk GJD, Paul, Burgess J, Meersmans J, Silman MR, Román-Dañobeytia F, Farfan J, Smith P. Assessing the carbon capture potential of a reforestation project. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19907. [PMID: 34620924 PMCID: PMC8497602 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99395-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of reforestation projects worldwide is increasing. In many cases funding is obtained through the claimed carbon capture of the trees, presented as immediate and durable, whereas reforested plots need time and maintenance to realise their carbon capture potential. Further, claims usually overlook the environmental costs of natural or anthropogenic disturbances during the forest’s lifetime, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with the reforestation are not allowed for. This study uses life cycle assessment to quantify the carbon footprint of setting up a reforestation plot in the Peruvian Amazon. In parallel, we combine a soil carbon model with an above- and below-ground plant carbon model to predict the increase in carbon stocks after planting. We compare our results with the carbon capture claims made by a reforestation platform. Our results show major errors in carbon accounting in reforestation projects if they (1) ignore the time needed for trees to reach their carbon capture potential; (2) ignore the GHG emissions involved in setting up a plot; (3) report the carbon capture potential per tree planted, thereby ignoring limitations at the forest ecosystem level; or (4) under-estimate tree losses due to inevitable human and climatic disturbances. Further, we show that applications of biochar during reforestation can partially compensate for project emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lefebvre
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, Bedfordshire, UK.
| | - Adrian G Williams
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, Bedfordshire, UK
| | - Guy J D Kirk
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, Bedfordshire, UK
| | | | - J Burgess
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, Bedfordshire, UK
| | - Jeroen Meersmans
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Miles R Silman
- Centro de Innovación Científica Amazónica-CINCIA, 17001, Madre de Dios, Peru.,Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27106, USA.,Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27106, USA
| | - Francisco Román-Dañobeytia
- Centro de Innovación Científica Amazónica-CINCIA, 17001, Madre de Dios, Peru.,Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27106, USA
| | - Jhon Farfan
- Centro de Innovación Científica Amazónica-CINCIA, 17001, Madre de Dios, Peru
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, 23 St Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
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de Meira Junior MS, Pinto JRR, Ramos NO, Miguel EP, de Oliveira Gaspar R, Phillips OL. Correction to: The impact of long dry periods on the aboveground biomass in a tropical forest: 20 years of monitoring. CARBON BALANCE AND MANAGEMENT 2020; 15:14. [PMID: 32651720 PMCID: PMC7353679 DOI: 10.1186/s13021-020-00149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Oliver L Phillips
- Department of Forest Engineering, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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