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Giordo R, Tulasigeri Totiger S, Caggiari G, Cossu A, Manunta AF, Posadino AM, Pintus G. Protective Effect of Knee Postoperative Fluid on Oxidative-Induced Damage in Human Knee Articular Chondrocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:188. [PMID: 38397786 PMCID: PMC10886415 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The oxidative-stress-elicited deterioration of chondrocyte function is the initial stage of changes leading to the disruption of cartilage homeostasis. These changes entail a series of catabolic damages mediated by proinflammatory cytokines, MMPs, and aggrecanases, which increase ROS generation. Such uncontrolled ROS production, inadequately balanced by the cellular antioxidant capacity, eventually contributes to the development and progression of chondropathies. Several pieces of evidence show that different growth factors, single or combined, as well as anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, can stimulate chondrogenesis and improve cartilage repair and regeneration. In this view, hypothesizing a potential growth-factor-associated action, we investigate the possible protective effect of post-operation knee fluid from patients undergoing prosthesis replacement surgery against ROS-induced damage on normal human knee articular chondrocytes (HKACs). To this end, HKACs were pre-treated with post-operation knee fluid and then exposed to H2O2 to mimic oxidative stress. Intracellular ROS levels were measured by using the molecular probe H2DCFDA; cytosolic and mitochondrial oxidative status were assessed by using HKACs infected with lentiviral particles harboring the redox-sensing green fluorescent protein (roGFP); and cell proliferation was determined by measuring the rate of DNA synthesis with BrdU incorporation. Moreover, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione levels from the cell lysates of treated cells were also measured. Postoperative peripheral blood sera from the same patients were used as controls. Our study shows that post-operation knee fluid can counteract H2O2-elicited oxidative stress by decreasing the intracellular ROS levels, preserving the cytosolic and mitochondrial redox status, maintaining the proliferation of oxidatively stressed HKACs, and upregulating chondrocyte antioxidant defense. Overall, our results support and propose an important effect of post-operation knee fluid substances in maintaining HKAC function by mediating cell antioxidative system upregulation and protecting cells from oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Giordo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (R.G.); (S.T.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Smitha Tulasigeri Totiger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (R.G.); (S.T.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Gianfilippo Caggiari
- Orthopaedic and Traumatology Department, University Hospital, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.C.); (A.F.M.)
| | - Annalisa Cossu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (R.G.); (S.T.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Andrea Fabio Manunta
- Orthopaedic and Traumatology Department, University Hospital, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.C.); (A.F.M.)
| | - Anna Maria Posadino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (R.G.); (S.T.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (R.G.); (S.T.T.); (A.C.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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2
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Komsa-Penkova R, Yordanova A, Tonchev P, Kyurkchiev S, Todinova S, Strijkova V, Iliev M, Dimitrov B, Altankov G. Altered Mesenchymal Stem Cells Mechanotransduction from Oxidized Collagen: Morphological and Biophysical Observations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3635. [PMID: 36835046 PMCID: PMC9961414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) provides various mechanical cues that are able to affect the self-renewal and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Little is known, however, how these cues work in a pathological environment, such as acute oxidative stress. To better understand the behavior of human adipose tissue-derived MSC (ADMSC) in such conditions, we provide morphological and quantitative evidence for significantly altered early steps of mechanotransduction when adhering to oxidized collagen (Col-Oxi). These affect both focal adhesion (FA) formation and YAP/TAZ signaling events. Representative morphological images show that ADMSCs spread better within 2 h of adhesion on native collagen (Col), while they tended to round up on Col-Oxi. It also correlates with the lesser development of the actin cytoskeleton and FA formation, confirmed quantitatively by morphometric analysis using ImageJ. As shown by immunofluorescence analysis, oxidation also affected the ratio of cytosolic-to-nuclear YAP/TAZ activity, concentrating in the nucleus for Col while remaining in the cytosol for Col-Oxi, suggesting abrogated signal transduction. Comparative Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) studies show that native collagen forms relatively coarse aggregates, much thinner with Col-Oxi, possibly reflecting its altered ability to aggregate. On the other hand, the corresponding Young's moduli were only slightly changed, so viscoelastic properties cannot explain the observed biological differences. However, the roughness of the protein layer decreased dramatically, from RRMS equal to 27.95 ± 5.1 nm for Col to 5.51 ± 0.8 nm for Col-Oxi (p < 0.05), which dictates our conclusion that it is the most altered parameter in oxidation. Thus, it appears to be a predominantly topographic response that affects the mechanotransduction of ADMSCs by oxidized collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pencho Tonchev
- Department of Surgery, Medical University Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria
| | | | - Svetla Todinova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Velichka Strijkova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Institute of Optical Materials and Technologies, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mario Iliev
- Faculty of Physics, Sofia University, St. Clément Ohnishi, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Borislav Dimitrov
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - George Altankov
- Research Institute, Medical University Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria
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3
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Ramli I, Posadino AM, Zerizer S, Spissu Y, Barberis A, Djeghim H, Azara E, Bensouici C, Kabouche Z, Rebbas K, D'hallewin G, Sechi LA, Pintus G. Low concentrations of Ambrosia maritima L. phenolic extract protect endothelial cells from oxidative cell death induced by H 2O 2 and sera from Crohn's disease patients. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 300:115722. [PMID: 36115603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE A rising resort to herbal therapies in Crohn's disease (CD) alternative treatments has been recently observed due to their remarkable natural efficiency. In this context, the weed plant Ambrosia maritima L., traditionally known as Hachich el Aouinet in Algeria and as Damsissa in Egypt and Sudan, is widely used in North African folk medicine to treat infections, inflammatory diseases, gastrointestinal and urinary tract disturbances, rheumatic pain, respiratory problems, diabetes, hypertension and cancer. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess an Ambrosia maritima L. phenolic extract for its phenolic profile composition, its potential antioxidant activity in vitro, and its cytoprotective effect on cultured primary human endothelial cells (ECs) stressed with H2O2 and sera from CD patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phenolic compound extraction was performed with a low-temperature method. Extract chemical profile was attained by HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS. The extract in vitro antioxidant activity was assessed using several methods including cupric ion reducing power, DPPH radical scavenging assay, O-Phenanthroline free radical reducing activity, ABTS cation radical decolourisation assay, Galvinoxyl free radicals scavenging assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species levels were evaluated in human endothelial cells by H2DCFDA, while cell viability was assessed by MTT. RESULTS The phenolic compounds extraction showed a yield of 17.66% with three di-caffeoylquinic acid isomers detected for the first time in Ambrosia maritima L. Using different analytical methods, a significant in vitro antioxidant activity was reported for the Ambrosia maritima L. extract, with an IC50 value of 14.33 ± 3.86 μg/mL for the Galvinoxyl antioxidant activity method. Challenged with ECs the Ambrosia maritima L. extract showed a biphasic dose-dependent effect on H2O2-treated cells, cytoprotective and antioxidant at low doses, and cytotoxic and prooxidant at high doses, respectively. Viability and ROS levels data also demonstrated a prooxidant and cytotoxic effect of CD sera on cultured ECs. Interestingly, 10 μg/mL of Ambrosia maritima L. extract was able to counteract both CD sera-induced oxidative stress and ECs death. CONCLUSION Our data indicated Ambrosia maritima L. as a source of bioactive phenolics potentially employable as a natural alternative for CD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Ramli
- Département de Biologie Animale, Université des Fréres Mentouri Constantine 1, 25000 Constantine, Algeria.
| | - Anna Maria Posadino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Sakina Zerizer
- Département de Biologie Animale, Université des Fréres Mentouri Constantine 1, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
| | - Ylenia Spissu
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Barberis
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Hanane Djeghim
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Division of Biotechnology and Health, Biotechnology Research Center (CRBt), Constantine, Algeria
| | - Emanuela Azara
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council (CNR), 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Chawki Bensouici
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Division of Biotechnology and Health, Biotechnology Research Center (CRBt), Constantine, Algeria
| | - Zahia Kabouche
- Laboratoire d'Obtention de Substances Thérapeutiques (LOST), Université des Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
| | - Khellaf Rebbas
- University of Mohamed Boudiaf, M'sila, Algeria; Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Nutrition in Arid and Semi-Arid Zones Team, University of Ibn Khaldoun, Tiaret, Algeria
| | - Guy D'hallewin
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Antonio Sechi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Uitità Complessa di Microbiologia e Virologia, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, And Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates.
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4
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Polat YH, Erten Ş, Kor A, Dogan İ, Maraş Y, Küçükşahin O, Üstüner GY, Erel Ö. Evaluation of thiol/disulfide homeostasis in rheumatoid arthritis and disease activity. Clin Biochem 2023; 111:81-86. [PMID: 36334797 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that the deterioration in the antioxidant defense system due to thiols may cause the pro-oxidant/antioxidant imbalance seen in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study was conducted to evaluate thiol/disulfide (-SH/-SS) homeostasis in patients with RA compared to healthy controls, and to validate the limited number of studies examining the relationship between Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS28) and thiol parameters. METHOD A total of 100 individuals (mean age: 46.3 ± 12.03) consisting of 86 females and 14 males were included in the RA group, and a total of 100 individuals (mean age: 43.3 ± 10.96 years) consisting of 78 females and 22 males were included in the control group. DAS28 was used to assess RA disease activity. -SH/-SS homeostasis parameters were measured using the automated spectrophotometric method described by Erel and Neselioğlu. RESULTS While native thiol (-SH) (p:0.001), total thiol (-SH + -SS) (p < 0.0001) levels and -SH\(-SS + -SH) ratio (p: 0.018) were lower in the RA group compared to the healthy controls, disulfide (-SS) level (p: 0.005)), -SS\-SH (p: 0.001) and -SS\(-SS + -SH) (p: 0.002) ratios were found to be higher. In the control group and the group in remission (defined by DAS28 < 2.6), the median values of -SH (p:0.002) and -SS + -SH (p:0.0008) were found to be significantly higher, and the median value of -SS (p: 0.001) was found to be lower compared to the other DAS28 groups. While a negative correlation was found between DAS28 and -SH (r: -0.243, p: 0.007), a positive correlation was found between DAS28 and -SS (r: 0.316, p: 0.0003), -SS\-SH (r:0.229, p: 0.002) and -SS\(-SS + -SH) (r: 0.285, p: 0.0009). CONCLUSIONS The plasma thiol antioxidant pool was decreased in RA compared to healthy controls and those with active disease compared to those in remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunus H Polat
- Department of Gastrology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şükran Erten
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine Ankara City Hospital, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Kor
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine Ankara City Hospital, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - İsmail Dogan
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine Ankara City Hospital, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yüksel Maraş
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine Ankara City Hospital, Health Sciences University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Orhan Küçükşahin
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine Ankara City Hospital, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Güniz Y Üstüner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yozgat Yerköy State Hospital, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Özcan Erel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Ankara City Hospital, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
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Mangoni AA, Sotgia S, Zinellu A, Carru C, Pintus G, Damiani G, Erre GL, Tommasi S. Methotrexate and cardiovascular prevention: an appraisal of the current evidence. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 17:17539447231215213. [PMID: 38115784 PMCID: PMC10732001 DOI: 10.1177/17539447231215213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
New evidence continues to accumulate regarding a significant association between excessive inflammation and dysregulated immunity (local and systemic) and the risk of cardiovascular events in different patient cohorts. Whilst research has sought to identify novel atheroprotective therapies targeting inflammation and immunity, several marketed drugs for rheumatological conditions may serve a similar purpose. One such drug, methotrexate, has been used since 1948 for treating cancer and, more recently, for a wide range of dysimmune conditions. Over the last 30 years, epidemiological and experimental studies have shown that methotrexate is independently associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, particularly in rheumatological patients, and exerts several beneficial effects on vascular homeostasis and blood pressure control. This review article discusses the current challenges with managing cardiovascular risk and the new frontiers offered by drug discovery and drug repurposing targeting inflammation and immunity with a focus on methotrexate. Specifically, the article critically appraises the results of observational, cross-sectional and intervention studies investigating the effects of methotrexate on overall cardiovascular risk and individual risk factors. It also discusses the putative molecular mechanisms underpinning the atheroprotective effects of methotrexate and the practical advantages of using methotrexate in cardiovascular prevention, and highlights future research directions in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arduino A. Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Salvatore Sotgia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; Quality Control Unit, University Hospital (AOUSS), Sassari, Italy
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; Quality Control Unit, University Hospital (AOUSS), Sassari, Italy
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Quality Control Unit, University Hospital (AOUSS), Sassari, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; Quality Control Unit, University Hospital (AOUSS), Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Damiani
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Italian Centre of Precision Medicine and Chronic Inflammation, Milan, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Erre
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital (AOUSS) and University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Sara Tommasi
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Prasad K. Involvement of AGE and Its Receptors in the Pathogenesis of Hypertension in Elderly People and Its Treatment. Int J Angiol 2022; 31:213-221. [PMID: 36588874 PMCID: PMC9803554 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1756175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures increase with age up to 50 to 60 years of age. After 60 years of age systolic pressure rises to 84 years of age but diastolic pressure remains stable or even decreases. In the oldest age group (85-99 years), the systolic blood pressure (SBP) is high and diastolic pressure (DBP) is the lowest. Seventy percent of people older than 65 years are hypertensive. This paper deals with the role of advanced glycation end products (AGE) and its cell receptor (RAGE) and soluble receptor (sRAGE) in the development of hypertension in the elderly population. Plasma/serum levels of AGE are higher in older people as compared with younger people. Serum levels of AGE are positively correlated with age, arterial stiffness, and hypertension. Low serum levels of sRAGE are associated with arterial stiffness and hypertension. Levels of sRAGE are negatively correlated with age and blood pressure. Levels of sRAGE are lower in patients with arterial stiffness and hypertension than patients with high levels of sRAGE. AGE could induce hypertension through numerous mechanisms including, cross-linking with collagen, reduction of nitric oxide, increased expression of endothelin-1, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Interaction of AGE with RAGE could produce hypertension through the generation of reactive oxygen species, increased sympathetic activity, activation of nuclear factor-kB, and increased expression of cytokines, cell adhesion molecules, and TGF- β. In conclusion, the AGE-RAGE axis could be involved in hypertension in elderly people. Treatment for hypertension in elderly people should be targeted at reduction of AGE levels in the body, prevention of AGE formation, degradation of AGE in vivo, downregulation of RAGE expression, blockade of AGE-RAGE interaction, upregulation of sRAGE expression, and use of antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Prasad
- Department of Physiology (APP), College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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7
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Bratoiu I, Burlui AM, Cardoneanu A, Macovei LA, Richter P, Rusu-Zota G, Rezus C, Badescu MC, Szalontay A, Rezus E. The Involvement of Smooth Muscle, Striated Muscle, and the Myocardium in Scleroderma: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231912011. [PMID: 36233313 PMCID: PMC9569846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231912011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by heterogeneous changes involving numerous organs and systems. The currently available data indicate that muscle injury (both smooth and striated muscles) is widespread and leads to significant morbidity, either directly or indirectly. From the consequences of smooth muscle involvement in the tunica media of blood vessels or at the level of the digestive tract, to skeletal myopathy (which may be interpreted strictly in the context of SSc, or as an overlap with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies), muscular injury in scleroderma translates to a number of notable clinical manifestations. Heart involvement in SSc is heterogenous depending on the definition used in the various studies. The majority of SSc patients experience a silent form of cardiac disease. The present review summarizes certain important features of myocardial, as well as smooth and skeletal muscle involvement in SSc. Further research is needed to fully describe and understand the pathogenic pathways and the implications of muscle involvement in scleroderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Bratoiu
- Department of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandra Maria Burlui
- Department of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.M.B.); (C.R.)
| | - Anca Cardoneanu
- Department of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Luana Andreea Macovei
- Department of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Patricia Richter
- Department of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gabriela Rusu-Zota
- Department of Pharmacology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ciprian Rezus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.M.B.); (C.R.)
| | - Minerva Codruta Badescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andreea Szalontay
- Department of Psychiatry, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena Rezus
- Department of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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8
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Giordo R, Cossu A, Porcu MC, Cappuccinelli R, Biosa G, Sharifi-Rad J, Pretti L, Nasrallah GK, Pintus G, Posadino AM. Cytoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-migratory activity of Pistacia lentiscus L. supercritical carbon dioxide extract on primary human endothelial cells. Nat Prod Res 2022:1-7. [PMID: 36200704 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2130304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
Green chemistry is a useful tool for producing valuable chemicals from biomass. However, extracted compounds need to be tested for safety and efficacy before their use in humans. Here we investigate the chemical composition and biological effects of a leaves Pistacia lentiscus L. supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) extract. Terpenes represented the main extract fraction, with Germacrene D (11.18%), delta-cadinene (10.54%), and alpha-pinene (8.7%) the most abundant molecules. Challenged with endothelial cells (ECs), increasing extract concentrations failed to affect cell proliferation or promote cell toxicity. ROS assessment in unstressed and H2O2-treated ECs revealed an extract dose-dependent antioxidant activity. Exposition of H2O2-treated ECs to increasing extract concentrations dose-dependently counteracted H2O2-induced cell impairments. The extract significantly counteracted fetal calf serum-induced ECs migration. For the first time, we report that a SCCO2 extract obtained from PL leaves is safe on ECs and may be a useful source of valuable compounds with vasculoprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Giordo
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Annalisa Cossu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | | | - Grazia Biosa
- Porto Conte Ricerche S.r.l, Alghero, Sassari, Italy
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Luca Pretti
- Porto Conte Ricerche S.r.l, Alghero, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gheyath K Nasrallah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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9
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Morphological and Quantitative Evidence for Altered Mesenchymal Stem Cell Remodeling of Collagen in an Oxidative Environment—Peculiar Effect of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14193957. [PMID: 36235908 PMCID: PMC9571090 DOI: 10.3390/polym14193957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are involved in the process of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling where collagens play a pivotal role. We recently demonstrated that the remodeling of adsorbed collagen type I might be disordered upon oxidation following its fate in the presence of human adipose-derived MSC (ADMSCs). With the present study we intended to learn more about the effect of polyphenolic antioxidant Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), attempting to mimic the conditions of oxidative stress in vivo and its putative prevention by antioxidants. Collagen Type I was isolated from mouse tail tendon (MTC) and labelled with FITC before being oxidized according to Fe2+/H2O2 protocol. FITC-collagen remodeling by ADMSC was assessed morphologically before and after EGCG pretreatment and confirmed via detailed morphometric analysis measuring the anisotropy index (AI) and fluorescence intensity (FI) in selected regions of interest (ROI), namely: outside the cells, over the cells, and central (nuclear/perinuclear) region, whereas the pericellular proteolytic activity was measured by de-quenching fluorescent collagen probes (FRET effect). Here we provide morphological evidence that MTC undergoes significant reorganization by the adhering ADMSC and is accompanied by a substantial activation of pericellular proteolysis, and further confirm that both processes are suppressed upon collagen oxidation. An important observation was that this abrogated remodeling cannot be prevented by the EGCG pretreatment. Conversely, the detailed morphometric analysis showed that oxidized FITC-collagen tends to accumulate beneath cells and around cell nuclei, suggesting the activation of alternative routes for its removal, such as internalization and/or transcytosis. Morphometric analysis also revealed that both processes are supported by EGCG pretreatment.
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10
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Posadino AM, Erre GL, Cossu A, Emanueli C, Eid AH, Zinellu A, Pintus G, Giordo R. NADPH-derived ROS generation drives fibrosis and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in systemic sclerosis: Potential cross talk with circulating miRNAs. Biomol Concepts 2022; 13:11-24. [PMID: 35189048 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2021-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an immune disorder characterized by diffuse fibrosis and vascular abnormalities of the affected organs. Although the etiopathology of this disease is largely unknown, endothelial damage and oxidative stress appear implicated in its initiation and maintenance. Here, we show for the first time that circulating factors present in SSc sera increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, collagen synthesis, and proliferation of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs). The observed phenomena were also associated with endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) as indicated by decreased von Willebrand factor (vWF) expression and increased alpha-smooth muscle actin, respectively, an endothelial and mesenchymal marker. SSc-induced fibroproliferative effects were prevented by HPMECs exposition to the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium, demonstrating ROS's causative role and suggesting their cellular origin. Sera from SSc patients showed significant changes in the expression of a set of fibrosis/EndMT-associated microRNAs (miRNA), including miR-21, miR-92a, miR-24, miR-27b, miR-125b, miR-29c, and miR-181b, which resulted significantly upregulated as compared to healthy donors sera. However, miR29b resulted downregulated in SSc sera, whereas no significant differences were found in the expression of miR-29a in the two experimental groups of samples. Taking together our data indicate NADPH oxidase-induced EndMT as a potential mechanism of SSc-associated fibrosis, suggesting fibrosis-associated miRNAs as potentially responsible for initiating and sustaining the vascular alterations observed in this pathological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Posadino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Erre
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital (AOUSS) and University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Cossu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, W12 0NN England, United Kingdom
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Qatar University Health, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, Qatar University Health, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, University City Rd, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Roberta Giordo
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 505055, United Arab Emirates
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11
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Shen CY, Lu CH, Wu CH, Li KJ, Kuo YM, Hsieh SC, Yu CL. Molecular Basis of Accelerated Aging with Immune Dysfunction-Mediated Inflammation (Inflamm-Aging) in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123402. [PMID: 34943909 PMCID: PMC8699891 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic connective tissue disorder characterized by immune dysregulation, chronic inflammation, vascular endothelial cell dysfunction, and progressive tissue fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Moreover, increased cancer incidence and accelerated aging are also found. The increased cancer incidence is believed to be a result of chromosome instability. Accelerated cellular senescence has been confirmed by the shortening of telomere length due to increased DNA breakage, abnormal DNA repair response, and telomerase deficiency mediated by enhanced oxidative/nitrative stresses. The immune dysfunctions of SSc patients are manifested by excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, IL-17, IFN-α, and TNF-α, which can elicit potent tissue inflammation followed by tissue fibrosis. Furthermore, a number of autoantibodies including anti-topoisomerase 1 (anti-TOPO-1), anti-centromere (ACA or anti-CENP-B), anti-RNA polymerase enzyme (anti-RNAP III), anti-ribonuclear proteins (anti-U1, U2, and U11/U12 RNP), anti-nucleolar antigens (anti-Th/T0, anti-NOR90, anti-Ku, anti-RuvBL1/2, and anti-PM/Scl), and anti-telomere-associated proteins were also found. Based on these data, inflamm-aging caused by immune dysfunction-mediated inflammation exists in patients with SSc. Hence, increased cellular senescence is elicited by the interactions among excessive oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and autoantibodies. In the present review, we will discuss in detail the molecular basis of chromosome instability, increased oxidative stress, and functional adaptation by deranged immunome, which are related to inflamm-aging in patients with SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Yu Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (C.-Y.S.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-H.W.); (K.-J.L.); (Y.-M.K.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsun Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (C.-Y.S.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-H.W.); (K.-J.L.); (Y.-M.K.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (C.-Y.S.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-H.W.); (K.-J.L.); (Y.-M.K.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Jen Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (C.-Y.S.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-H.W.); (K.-J.L.); (Y.-M.K.)
| | - Yu-Min Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (C.-Y.S.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-H.W.); (K.-J.L.); (Y.-M.K.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Song-Chou Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (C.-Y.S.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-H.W.); (K.-J.L.); (Y.-M.K.)
- Correspondence: (S.-C.H.); (C.-L.Y.); Tel.: +886-2-23123456 (S.-C.H. & C.-L.Y.)
| | - Chia-Li Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (C.-Y.S.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-H.W.); (K.-J.L.); (Y.-M.K.)
- Correspondence: (S.-C.H.); (C.-L.Y.); Tel.: +886-2-23123456 (S.-C.H. & C.-L.Y.)
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12
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Oxidative Stress Induced by Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and NADPH Oxidase 4 (NOX4) in the Pathogenesis of the Fibrotic Process in Systemic Sclerosis: A Promising Therapeutic Target. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10204791. [PMID: 34682914 PMCID: PMC8539594 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10204791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous clinical and research investigations conducted during the last two decades have implicated excessive oxidative stress caused by high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the development of the severe and frequently progressive fibrotic process in Systemic Sclerosis (SSc). The role of excessive oxidative stress in SSc pathogenesis has been supported by the demonstration of increased levels of numerous biomarkers, indicative of cellular and molecular oxidative damage in serum, plasma, and other biological fluids from SSc patients, and by the demonstration of elevated production of ROS by various cell types involved in the SSc fibrotic process. However, the precise mechanisms mediating oxidative stress development in SSc and its pathogenetic effects have not been fully elucidated. The participation of the NADPH oxidase NOX4, has been suggested and experimentally supported by the demonstration that SSc dermal fibroblasts display constitutively increased NOX4 expression and that reduction or abrogation of NOX4 effects decreased ROS production and the expression of genes encoding fibrotic proteins. Furthermore, NOX4-stimulated ROS production may be involved in the development of certain endothelial and vascular abnormalities and may even participate in the generation of SSc-specific autoantibodies. Collectively, these observations suggest NOX4 as a novel therapeutic target for SSc.
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13
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Giordo R, Thuan DTB, Posadino AM, Cossu A, Zinellu A, Erre GL, Pintus G. Iloprost Attenuates Oxidative Stress-Dependent Activation of Collagen Synthesis Induced by Sera from Scleroderma Patients in Human Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:4729. [PMID: 34443317 PMCID: PMC8399120 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell injury is an early event in systemic sclerosis (SSc) pathogenesis and several studies indicate oxidative stress as the trigger of SSc-associated vasculopathy. Here, we show that circulating factors present in sera of SSc patients increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and collagen synthesis in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs). In addition, the possibility that iloprost, a drug commonly used in SSc therapy, might modulate the above-mentioned biological phenomena has been also investigated. In this regard, as compared to sera of SSc patients, sera of iloprost-treated SSc patients failed to increased ROS levels and collagen synthesis in HPMEC, suggesting a potential antioxidant mechanism of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Giordo
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 505055, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Duong Thi Bich Thuan
- Faculty of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity, Vinhomes Ocean Park, Gia Lam District, Hanoi 132002, Vietnam;
| | - Anna Maria Posadino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.M.P.); (A.C.); (A.Z.)
| | - Annalisa Cossu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.M.P.); (A.C.); (A.Z.)
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.M.P.); (A.C.); (A.Z.)
| | - Gian Luca Erre
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital (AOUSS) and University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.M.P.); (A.C.); (A.Z.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, University City Rd, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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14
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Assar S, Khazaei H, Naseri M, El-Senduny F, Momtaz S, Farzaei MH, Echeverría J. Natural Formulations: Novel Viewpoint for Scleroderma Adjunct Treatment. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:9920416. [PMID: 34258301 PMCID: PMC8253639 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9920416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scleroderma is a complex disease involving autoimmune, vascular, and connective tissues, with unknown etiology that can progress through any organ systems. OBJECTIVE Yet, no cure is available; the thorough treatment of scleroderma and current treatments are based on controlling inflammation. Nowadays, medicinal plants/natural-based formulations are emerging as important regulators of many diseases, including autoimmune diseases. Here, we provided an overview of scleroderma, also focused on recent studies on medicinal plants/natural-based formulations that are beneficial in scleroderma treatment/prevention. METHODS This study is the result of a search in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library with "scleroderma", "systemic sclerosis", "plant", "herb", and "phytochemical" keywords. Finally, 22 articles were selected from a total of 1513 results entered in this study. RESULTS Natural products can modulate the inflammatory and/or oxidative mediators, regulate the production or function of the immune cells, and control the collagen synthesis, thereby attenuating the experimental and clinical manifestation of the disease. CONCLUSION Natural compounds can be considered an adjunct treatment for scleroderma to improve the quality of life of patients suffering from this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Assar
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hosna Khazaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Maryam Naseri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Fardous El-Senduny
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
- Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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15
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Posadino AM, Cossu A, Giordo R, Piscopo A, Abdel-Rahman WM, Piga A, Pintus G. Antioxidant Properties of Olive Mill Wastewater Polyphenolic Extracts on Human Endothelial and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040800. [PMID: 33917908 PMCID: PMC8068214 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aims to analyze the chemical and biological evaluation of two extracts obtained by olive mill wastewater (OMW), an olive oil processing byproduct. The exploitation of OMW is becoming an important aspect of development of the sustainable olive oil industry. Here we chemically and biologically evaluated one liquid (L) and one solid (S) extract obtained by liquid–liquid extraction followed by acidic hydrolysis (LLAC). Chemical characterization of the two extracts indicated that S has higher phenol content than L. Hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol were the more abundant phenols in both OMW extracts, with hydroxytyrosol significantly higher in S as compared to L. Both extracts failed to induce cell death when challenged with endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells in cell viability experiments. On the contrary, the higher extract dosages employed significantly affected cell metabolic activity, as indicated by the MTT tests. Their ability to counteract H2O2-induced oxidative stress and cell death was assessed to investigate potential antioxidant activities of the extracts. Fluorescence measurements obtained with the reactive oxygen species (ROS) probe H2DCF-DA indicated strong antioxidant activity of the two OMW extracts in both cell models, as indicated by the inhibition of H2O2-induced ROS generation and the counteraction of the oxidative-induced cell death. Our results indicate LLAC-obtained OMW extracts as a safe and useful source of valuable compounds harboring antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Posadino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.M.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Annalisa Cossu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.M.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Roberta Giordo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences and Sharjah, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.G.); (W.M.A.-R.)
| | - Amalia Piscopo
- Department of AGRARIA, Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, 89124 Vito Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | - Wael M. Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences and Sharjah, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.G.); (W.M.A.-R.)
| | - Antonio Piga
- Department of Agricultural Environmental Sciences and Food Biotechnology, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.M.P.); (A.C.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences and Sharjah, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.G.); (W.M.A.-R.)
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (G.P.)
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16
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Resveratrol-Elicited PKC Inhibition Counteracts NOX-Mediated Endothelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Human Retinal Endothelial Cells Exposed to High Glucose. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020224. [PMID: 33540918 PMCID: PMC7913144 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes-associated long-term hyperglycaemia leads to oxidative stress-mediated fibrosis in different tissues and organs. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (EndMT) appears to play a role in diabetes-associated fibrotic conditions. Here, we investigate whether EndMT is implicated in the diabetic retinopathy fibrotic process and evaluate the possibility that resveratrol could counteract EndMT by inhibiting high glucose (HG)-induced increases in ROS. Primary Human Retinal Endothelial Cells (HRECs) were either pre-treated for 24 h with 1 µM resveratrol or left untreated, then glucose (30 mM) was applied at 3-day intervals for 10 days. qRT-PCR and ELISA were used to detect mRNA or protein expression of endothelial markers (CD31, CDH5, vWF) or mesenchymal markers (VIM, αSMA and collagen I), respectively. Intracellular ROS levels were measured with carboxy-DCFDA, while NOX-associated ROS levels were evaluated using the NADPH-specific redox biosensor p47-roGFP. Treatment of HRECs with HG increased intracellular ROS levels and promoted phenotype shifting towards EndMT, evidenced by decreased expression of endothelial markers concomitant with increased expression of mesenchymal ones. HG-induced EndMT appears to be mediated by NADPH-associated ROS generation as pre-treatment of HRECs with resveratrol or the NADPH inhibitor, diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI), attenuated ROS production and EndMT transition, suggesting that the effect of resveratrol on HG-induced ROS occurs via down-regulation of NADPH oxidase. It is worth noting that resveratrol or Chelerythrine, a Protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, reduce ROS and EndMT in HG-exposed cells, suggesting that NADPH activation occurs via a PKC-dependent mechanism. Taken together, our results provide the basis for a resveratrol-based potential protective therapy to prevent diabetic-associated complications.
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17
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Bassu S, Zinellu A, Sotgia S, Mangoni AA, Floris A, Farina G, Passiu G, Carru C, Erre GL. Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Peripheral Endothelial Dysfunction in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Monocentric Cross-Sectional Case-Control Study. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173855. [PMID: 32854225 PMCID: PMC7504109 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that oxidative stress may heighten atherosclerotic burden in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but direct evidence is lacking. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between established plasma oxidative stress biomarkers and peripheral endothelial dysfunction (ED), a marker of early atherosclerosis, in RA. METHODS Paroxonase-1 (PON-1), protein-SH (PSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in 164 RA patient s and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy controls without previous cardiovascular events. Peripheral ED, evaluated by flow-mediated pulse amplitude tonometry, was defined by log-transformed reactive hyperemia index (Ln-RHI) values < 0.51. RESULTS PON-1 activity and PSH concentrations were significantly reduced in RA patients compared to controls. In regression analysis, increased plasma MDA levels were significantly associated with reduced Ln-RHI [B coefficient (95% CI) = -0.003 (-0.005 to -0.0008), p = 0.008] and the presence of peripheral ED (OR (95% CI) = 1.75 (1.06-2.88), p = 0.028). Contrary to our expectations, increased PON-1 activity was significantly associated, albeit weakly, with the presence of ED (OR (95% CI) = 1.00 (1.00-1.01), p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS In this first evidence of a link between oxidative stress and markers of atherosclerosis, MDA and PON-1 showed opposite associations with peripheral vasodilatory capacity and the presence of ED in RA. Further studies are needed to determine whether this association predicts atherosclerotic events in the RA population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Bassu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.B.); (A.Z.); (S.S.); (G.F.); (C.C.)
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.B.); (A.Z.); (S.S.); (G.F.); (C.C.)
| | - Salvatore Sotgia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.B.); (A.Z.); (S.S.); (G.F.); (C.C.)
| | - Arduino Aleksander Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide 5001, Australia;
- Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alberto Floris
- Rheumatology Unit, University Clinic and AOU of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Giuseppina Farina
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.B.); (A.Z.); (S.S.); (G.F.); (C.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Passiu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Sperimentali, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
- Dipartmento di Specialità Mediche, UOC di Reumatologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.B.); (A.Z.); (S.S.); (G.F.); (C.C.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Erre
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Sperimentali, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
- Dipartmento di Specialità Mediche, UOC di Reumatologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0792-283-17; Fax: +39-079-216-282
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18
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Tsutsumi T, Nagaoka T, Yoshida T, Wang L, Kuriyama S, Suzuki Y, Nagata Y, Harada N, Kodama Y, Takahashi F, Morio Y, Takahashi K. Nintedanib ameliorates experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension via inhibition of endothelial mesenchymal transition and smooth muscle cell proliferation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214697. [PMID: 31339889 PMCID: PMC6656344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neointimal lesion and medial wall thickness of pulmonary arteries (PAs) are common pathological findings in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling contribute to intimal and medial vascular remodeling in PAH. Nintedanib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor whose targets include PDGF and FGF receptors. Although the beneficial effects of nintedanib were demonstrated for human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, its efficacy for PAH is still unclear. Thus, we hypothesized that nintedanib is a novel treatment for PAH to inhibit the progression of vascular remodeling in PAs. We evaluated the inhibitory effects of nintedanib both in endothelial mesenchymal transition (EndMT)-induced human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMVECs) and human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) stimulated by growth factors. We also tested the effect of chronic nintedanib administration on a PAH rat model induced by Sugen5416 (a VEGF receptor inhibitor) combined with chronic hypoxia. Nintedanib was administered from weeks 3 to 5 after Sugen5416 injection, and we evaluated pulmonary hemodynamics and PAs pathology. Nintedanib attenuated the expression of mesenchymal markers in EndMT-induced HPMVECs and HPASMCs proliferation. Phosphorylation of PDGF and FGF receptors was augmented in both intimal and medial lesions of PAs. Nintedanib blocked these phosphorylation, improved hemodynamics and reduced vascular remodeling involving neointimal lesions and medial wall thickening in PAs. Additionally, expressions Twist1, transcription factors associated with EndMT, in lung tissue was significantly reduced by nintedanib. These results suggest that nintedanib may be a novel treatment for PAH with anti-vascular remodeling effects.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/drug therapy
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Muscle, Smooth/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth/physiopathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Rats
- Vascular Remodeling/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Tsutsumi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine & Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsutaro Nagaoka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine & Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Takashi Yoshida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine & Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine & Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kuriyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine & Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Suzuki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine & Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Nagata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine & Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiro Harada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine & Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuzo Kodama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine & Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine & Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Morio
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine & Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Forte G, Fadda C, Bocca B, Erre GL, Passiu G, Madeddu R. Association Between Exposure to Heavy Metals and Systemic Sclerosis: the Levels of Al, Cd, Hg, and Pb in Blood and Urine of Patients. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 190:1-10. [PMID: 30215191 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1509-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystem connective tissue disease; exogenous factors-including heavy metals-may have a role in the disease pathogenesis. In this context, a study on the quantification of Al, Cd, Hg, and Pb in blood and urine of 27 SSc patients and 30 controls was carried out. Main findings were that Al was significantly depleted in blood and increased in urine of SSc patients respect to controls; and Pb was found slightly increased in blood and significantly decreased in SSc group. In addition, higher Hg levels in urine were found in SSc subjects with the higher severity of the disease. Females showed the most marked differences in the levels of blood Al, blood Pb, and urine Cd between patients and controls. Smoking, hobby, ingestion of contaminated food, job exposure may contribute to the bodily levels of Al, Hg, Pb in SSc patients. The results indicated that low, chronic, and multiple exposures to heavy metals-also through habits, diet, and environment-may influence the risk for SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Forte
- Italian National Institute for Health, Environment and Health Department, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Fadda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences - Histology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Beatrice Bocca
- Italian National Institute for Health, Environment and Health Department, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Giuseppe Passiu
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Roberto Madeddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences - Histology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Rome, Italy
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20
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Flavin Oxidase-Induced ROS Generation Modulates PKC Biphasic Effect of Resveratrol on Endothelial Cell Survival. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9060209. [PMID: 31151226 PMCID: PMC6628153 DOI: 10.3390/biom9060209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dietary intake of natural antioxidants is thought to impart protection against oxidative-associated cardiovascular diseases. Despite many in vivo studies and clinical trials, this issue has not been conclusively resolved. Resveratrol (RES) is one of the most extensively studied dietary polyphenolic antioxidants. Paradoxically, we have previously demonstrated that high RES concentrations exert a pro-oxidant effect eventually elevating ROS levels leading to cell death. Here, we further elucidate the molecular determinants underpinning RES-induced oxidative cell death. Methods: Using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), the effect of increasing concentrations of RES on DNA synthesis and apoptosis was studied. In addition, mRNA and protein levels of cell survival or apoptosis genes, as well as protein kinase C (PKC) activity were determined. Results: While high concentrations of RES reduce PKC activity, inhibit DNA synthesis and induce apoptosis, low RES concentrations elicit an opposite effect. This biphasic concentration-dependent effect (BCDE) of RES on PKC activity is mirrored at the molecular level. Indeed, high RES concentrations upregulate the proapoptotic Bax, while downregulating the antiapoptotic Bcl-2, at both mRNA and protein levels. Similarly, high RES concentrations downregulate the cell cycle progression genes, c-myc, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and cyclin D1 protein levels, while low RES concentrations display an increasing trend. The BCDE of RES on PKC activity is abrogated by the ROS scavenger Tempol, indicating that this enzyme acts downstream of the RES-elicited ROS signaling. The RES-induced BCDE on HUVEC cell cycle machinery was also blunted by the flavin inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), implicating flavin oxidase-generated ROS as the mechanistic link in the cellular response to different RES concentrations. Finally, PKC inhibition abrogates the BCDE elicited by RES on both cell cycle progression and pro-apoptotic gene expression in HUVECs, mechanistically implicating PKC in the cellular response to different RES concentrations. Conclusions: Our results provide new molecular insight into the impact of RES on endothelial function/dysfunction, further confirming that obtaining an optimal benefit of RES is concentration-dependent. Importantly, the BCDE of RES could explain why other studies failed to establish the cardio-protective effects mediated by natural antioxidants, thus providing a guide for future investigation looking at cardio-protection by natural antioxidants.
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21
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Meta-Analysis of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Concentrations in Rheumatic Diseases. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5426. [PMID: 30932011 PMCID: PMC6443686 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41994-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Raised circulating concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), have been reported in several rheumatic diseases (RDs). However, the strength of this relationship is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the magnitude and the robustness of the association between ADMA concentrations and RDs. We calculated standardized mean differences (SMD, with 95% confidence intervals, CI). Study heterogeneity was evaluated by meta-regressions and sensitivity analyses according to type of RDs, conventional cardiovascular risk factors, inflammatory markers, and type of ADMA assessment methodology. Thirty-seven studies with a total of 2,982 subjects (1,860 RDs patients and 1,122 healthy controls) were included in our meta-analysis. Pooled results showed that ADMA concentrations were significantly higher in patients with RDs than in healthy controls (SMD = 1.27 µmol/L, 95% CI 0.94–1.60 µmol/L; p < 0.001). However, the between-studies heterogeneity was high. Differences in ADMA concentrations between controls and RDs patients were not significantly associated with inflammatory markers, increasing age, lipid concentrations, body mass index, blood pressure, or methodology used to assess ADMA. Furthermore, subgroup analysis showed no difference across RDs. This meta-analysis showed that, in the context of significant between-study heterogeneity, circulating concentrations of ADMA are positively related to RDs.
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22
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Mangoni AA, Tommasi S, Zinellu A, Sotgia S, Carru C, Piga M, Erre GL. Repurposing existing drugs for cardiovascular risk management: a focus on methotrexate. Drugs Context 2018; 7:212557. [PMID: 30459819 PMCID: PMC6239018 DOI: 10.7573/dic.212557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
About 20% of patients with a history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease will experience further cardiovascular events despite maximal pharmacological treatment with cardioprotective drugs. This highlights the presence of residual cardiovascular risk in a significant proportion of patients and the need for novel, more effective therapies. These therapies should ideally target different pathophysiological pathways involved in the onset and the progression of atherosclerosis, particularly the inflammatory and immune pathways. Methotrexate is a first-line disease-modifying antirheumatic drug that is widely used for the management of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders. There is some in vitro and in vivo evidence that methotrexate might exert a unique combination of anti-inflammatory, blood pressure lowering, and vasculoprotective effects. Pending the results of large prospective studies investigating surrogate end-points as well as morbidity and mortality, repurposing methotrexate for cardiovascular risk management might represent a cost-effective strategy with immediate public health benefits. This review discusses the current challenges in the management of cardiovascular disease; the available evidence on the effects of methotrexate on inflammation, blood pressure, and surrogate markers of arterial function; suggestions for future research directions; and practical considerations with the use of methotrexate in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arduino A Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sara Tommasi
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sotgia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Quality Control Unit, University Hospital (AOUSS), Sassari, Italy
| | - Matteo Piga
- Rheumatology Unit, University Clinic and AOU of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Erre
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital (AOUSS) and University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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23
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Antioxidant Activity Mediates Pirfenidone Antifibrotic Effects in Human Pulmonary Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Exposed to Sera of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Patients. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2639081. [PMID: 30420906 PMCID: PMC6215550 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2639081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic lung disease characterized by an exacerbated fibrotic response. Although molecular and cellular determinants involved in the onset and progression of this devastating disease are largely unknown, an aberrant remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature appears to have implications in IPF pathogenesis. Here, we demonstrated for the first time that an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation induced by sera from IPF patients drives both collagen type I deposition and proliferation of primary human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs). IPF sera-induced cellular effects were significantly blunted in cells exposed to the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) proving the causative role of ROS and suggesting their potential cellular source. Contrary to IPF naive patients, sera from Pirfenidone-treated IPF patients failed to significantly induce both ROS generation and collagen synthesis in HPASMCs, mechanistically implicating antioxidant properties as the basis for the in vivo effect of this drug.
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24
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Thuan DTB, Zayed H, Eid AH, Abou-Saleh H, Nasrallah GK, Mangoni AA, Pintus G. A Potential Link Between Oxidative Stress and Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Systemic Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1985. [PMID: 30283435 PMCID: PMC6156139 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc), an autoimmune disease that is associated with a number of genetic and environmental risk factors, is characterized by progressive fibrosis and microvasculature damage in the skin, lungs, heart, digestive system, kidneys, muscles, joints, and nervous system. These abnormalities are associated with altered secretion of growth factor and profibrotic cytokines, such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), interleukin-4 (IL-4), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and connective-tissue growth factor (CTGF). Among the cellular responses to this proinflammatory environment, the endothelial cells phenotypic conversion into activated myofibroblasts, a process known as endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT), has been postulated. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) might play a key role in SSs-associated fibrosis and vascular damage by mediating and/or activating TGF-β-induced EndMT, a phenomenon that has been observed in other disease models. In this review, we identified and critically appraised published studies investigating associations ROS and EndMT and the presence of EndMT in SSc, highlighting a potential link between oxidative stress and EndMT in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duong Thi Bich Thuan
- Department of Biochemistry, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Hue, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Haissam Abou-Saleh
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gheyath K Nasrallah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Arduino A Mangoni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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25
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Svegliati S, Spadoni T, Moroncini G, Gabrielli A. NADPH oxidase, oxidative stress and fibrosis in systemic sclerosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 125:90-97. [PMID: 29694853 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.04.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by damage of small vessels, immune abnormalities and exaggerated production of extracellular matrix. The etiology of the disease is unknown and the pathogenesis ill defined. However, there is consistent evidence that oxidative stress contributes to the establishment and progression of the disease. This review examines the most relevant research regarding the involvement of free radicals and of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (NADPH oxidases; NOX) in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Svegliati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Clinica Medica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Italy
| | - Tatiana Spadoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Clinica Medica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Italy
| | - Gianluca Moroncini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Clinica Medica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Italy
| | - Armando Gabrielli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Clinica Medica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Italy.
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26
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Erre GL, Buscetta G, Paliogiannis P, Mangoni AA, Carru C, Passiu G, Zinellu A. Coronary flow reserve in systemic rheumatic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatol Int 2018; 38:1179-1190. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-018-4039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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27
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De Luca M. The role of the cell-matrix interface in aging and its interaction with the renin-angiotensin system in the aged vasculature. Mech Ageing Dev 2018; 177:66-73. [PMID: 29626500 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an intricate network that provides structural and anchoring support to cells in order to stabilize cell morphology and tissue architecture. The ECM also controls many aspects of the cell's dynamic behavior and fate through its ongoing, bidirectional interaction with cells. These interactions between the cell and components of the surrounding ECM are implicated in several biological processes, including development and adult tissue repair in response to injury, throughout the lifespan of multiple species. The present review gives an overview of the growing evidence that cell-matrix interactions play a pivotal role in the aging process. The focus of the first part of the article is on recent studies using cell-derived decellularized ECM, which strongly suggest that age-related changes in the ECM induce cellular senescence, a well-recognized hallmark of aging. This is followed by a review of findings from genetic studies indicating that changes in genes involved in cell-ECM adhesion and matrix-mediated intracellular signaling cascades affect longevity. Finally, mention is made of novel data proposing an intricate interplay between cell-matrix interactions and the renin-angiotensin system that may have a significant impact on mammalian arterial stiffness with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria De Luca
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Webb 451-1720 2nd Ave S, Birmingham, AL, 35294-3360, USA.
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28
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Protective Effects of Methotrexate against Proatherosclerotic Cytokines: A Review of the Evidence. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:9632846. [PMID: 29430085 PMCID: PMC5753000 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9632846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is good epidemiological evidence that patients with autoimmune rheumatic disease states, particularly rheumatoid arthritis, have an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality when compared to the general population. The presence of a chronic systemic proinflammatory state in this patient group disrupts the structural and functional integrity of the endothelium and the arterial wall, favouring the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. A significant role in the detrimental effects of inflammation on endothelial function and vascular homeostasis is played by specific proatherosclerotic cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses have shown that treatment with methotrexate, a first-line disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD), is associated with a significant reduction in atherosclerosis-mediated cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction and stroke, and mortality, when compared to other DMARDs. This suggests that methotrexate might exert specific protective effects against vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis in the context of autoimmune rheumatic disease. This review discusses the available evidence regarding the potential antiatherosclerotic effects of methotrexate through the inhibition of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 and provides suggestions for future experimental and human studies addressing this issue.
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29
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Oxidative stress-induced Akt downregulation mediates green tea toxicity towards prostate cancer cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 42:255-262. [PMID: 28495234 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Green tea consumption has been shown to possess cancer chemopreventive activity. Polyphenol E (PE) is a widely used standardized green tea extract formulation. This study was designed to investigate the impact of PE on prostate cancer cells (PC3), analyze the potential signals involved and elucidate whether anti- or pro-oxidant effects may be implicated. Treatment of PC3 cells with 30 and 100μg/ml PE significantly decreased cell viability and proliferation. At the tested concentrations, PE did not exert any antioxidant activity, eliciting instead a pro-oxidant effect at concentrations 30 and 100μg/ml, which was consistent with the observed PE cytotoxicity. PE-induced cell death was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and downregulation of Akt activation, thus suggesting their implication in the PE-elicited cell dysfunction. Cell exposure to the ROS scavenger N-Acetyl Cysteine prevented PE-induced ROS increase, pAkt impairment, and cell death, clearly indicating the causative role of ROS in the observed phenomena. Failure of PE to induce PC3 damage in cells overexpressing Akt further confirms its implication in the PE-elicited cell death. Our findings showed an association between the antiproliferative and the pro-oxidant effect elicited by PE on PC3 cells and delineates a molecular signaling pattern potentially implicated in the toxicity of PE towards prostate cancer cells.
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30
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Piera-Velazquez S, Jimenez SA. Role of cellular senescence and NOX4-mediated oxidative stress in systemic sclerosis pathogenesis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2015; 17:473. [PMID: 25475596 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-014-0473-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by progressive fibrosis of skin and numerous internal organs and a severe fibroproliferative vasculopathy resulting frequently in severe disability and high mortality. Although the etiology of SSc is unknown and the detailed mechanisms responsible for the fibrotic process have not been fully elucidated, one important observation from a large US population study was the demonstration of a late onset of SSc with a peak incidence between 45 and 54 years of age in African-American females and between 65 and 74 years of age in white females. Although it is not appropriate to consider SSc as a disease of aging, the possibility that senescence changes in the cellular elements involved in its pathogenesis may play a role has not been thoroughly examined. The process of cellular senescence is extremely complex, and the mechanisms, molecular events, and signaling pathways involved have not been fully elucidated; however, there is strong evidence to support the concept that oxidative stress caused by the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species may be one important mechanism involved. On the other hand, numerous studies have implicated oxidative stress in SSc pathogenesis, thus, suggesting a plausible mechanism in which excessive oxidative stress induces cellular senescence and that the molecular events associated with this complex process play an important role in the fibrotic and fibroproliferative vasculopathy characteristic of SSc. Here, recent studies examining the role of cellular senescence and of oxidative stress in SSc pathogenesis will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonsoles Piera-Velazquez
- Scleroderma Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street, Suite 509 BLSB, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
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31
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Zhang Y, Wang H, Cui L, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Chu X, Liu Z, Zhang J, Chu L. Continuing treatment with Salvia miltiorrhiza injection attenuates myocardial fibrosis in chronic iron-overloaded mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124061. [PMID: 25850001 PMCID: PMC4388639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron overload cardiomyopathy results from iron accumulation in the myocardium that is closely linked to iron-mediated myocardial fibrosis. Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM, also known as Danshen), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, has been widely used for hundreds of years to treat cardiovascular diseases. Here, we investigated the effect and potential mechanism of SM on myocardial fibrosis induced by chronic iron overload (CIO) in mice. Kunming male mice (8 weeks old) were randomized to six groups of 10 animals each: control (CONT), CIO, low-dose SM (L-SM), high-dose SM (H-SM), verapamil (VRP) and deferoxamine (DFO) groups. Normal saline was injected in the CONT group. Mice in the other five groups were treated with iron dextran at 50 mg/kg per day intraperitoneally for 7 weeks, and those in the latter four groups also received corresponding daily treatments, including 3 g/kg or 6 g/kg of SM, 100 mg/kg of VRP, or 100 mg/kg of DFO. The iron deposition was estimated histologically using Prussian blue staining. Myocardial fibrosis was determined by Masson's trichrome staining and hydroxyproline (Hyp) quantitative assay. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and protein expression levels of type I collagen (COL I), type I collagen (COL III), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were analyzed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the effects of SM against iron-overloaded fibrosis. Treatment of chronic iron-overloaded mice with SM dose-dependently reduced iron deposition levels, fibrotic area percentage, Hyp content, expression levels of COL I and COL III, as well as upregulated the expression of TGF- β1 and MMP-9 proteins in the heart. Moreover, SM treatment decreased MDA content and increased SOD activity. In conclusion, SM exerted activities against cardiac fibrosis induced by CIO, which may be attributed to its inhibition of iron deposition, as well as collagen metabolism and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lijing Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xi Chu
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhenyi Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li Chu
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- * E-mail:
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32
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Posadino AM, Cossu A, Giordo R, Zinellu A, Sotgia S, Vardeu A, Hoa PT, Nguyen LHV, Carru C, Pintus G. Resveratrol alters human endothelial cells redox state and causes mitochondrial-dependent cell death. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 78:10-6. [PMID: 25656643 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Studies analyzing the impact of natural antioxidants (NA) on Endothelial Cells (ECs) have dramatically increased during the last years, since a deregulated ECs redox state is at the base of the onset and progression of several cardiovascular diseases. However, whether NA can provide cardiovascular benefits is still a controversial area of debate. Resveratrol (RES), a natural polyphenol found in grapes, is believed to provide cardiovascular benefits by virtue of its antioxidant effect on the endothelium. Here, we report that tissue-attainable doses of resveratrol increased the intracellular oxidative state, thus affecting mitochondrial membrane depolarization and inducing EC death. Cyclosporine A, a mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibitor, prevented oxidative-mediated cell death, thus implicating mitochondria in resveratrol-induced EC impairment. The specific cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 inhibitor, sulfaphenazole, counteracted both oxidative stress and mitochondrial membrane depolarization, providing EC protection against resveratrol-elicited pro-oxidant effects. Our findings strongly suggest that CYP2C9 mediates resveratrol-induced oxidative stress leading to mitochondria impairment and EC death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Posadino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; Laboratory of Vascular Biology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Cossu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; Laboratory of Vascular Biology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Roberta Giordo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; Laboratory of Vascular Biology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sotgia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonella Vardeu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; Laboratory of Vascular Biology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, UK
| | - Phu Thi Hoa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; Laboratory of Vascular Biology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; Department of Biochemistry, Huè University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Huè, Viet Nam
| | - Le Hong Van Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; Laboratory of Vascular Biology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; Department of Biochemistry, Huè University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Huè, Viet Nam
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; Laboratory of Vascular Biology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
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