1
|
Diddeniya G, Ghaffari MH, Hernandez-Sanabria E, Guan LL, Malmuthuge N. INVITED REVIEW: Impact of Maternal Health and Nutrition on the Microbiome and Immune Development of Neonatal Calves. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00869-5. [PMID: 38825126 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
This comprehensive review highlights the intricate interplay between maternal factors and the co-development of the microbiome and immune system in neonatal calves. Based on human and mouse studies, multiple prenatal and postnatal factors influence this process by altering the host-associated microbiomes (gut, respiratory tract, skin), microbial colonization trajectories, and priming of the immune systems (mucosal and systemic). This review emphasizes the importance of early life exposure, highlighting postnatal factors that work in synergy with maternal factors in further finetuning the co-development of the neonatal microbiome and immunity. In cattle, there is a general lack of research to identify the maternal effect on the early colonization process of neonatal calves (gut, respiratory tract) and its impact on the priming of the immune system. Past studies have primarily investigated the maternal effects on the passive transfer of immunity at birth. The co-development process of the microbiome and immune system is vital for lifelong health and production in cattle. Therefore, comprehensive research beyond the traditional focus on passive immunity is an essential step in this endeavor. Calf microbiome research reports the colonization of diverse bacterial communities in newborns, which is affected by the colostrum feeding method immediately after birth. In contrast to human studies reporting a strong link between maternal and infant bacterial communities, there is a lack of evidence to clearly define cow-to-calf transmission in cattle. Maternal exposure has been shown to promote the colonization of beneficial bacteria in neonatal calves. Nonetheless, calf microbiome research lacks links to early development of the immune system. An in-depth understanding of the impact of maternal factors on microbiomes and immunity will improve the management of pregnant cows to raise immune-fit neonatal calves. It is essential to investigate the diverse effects of maternal health conditions and nutrition during pregnancy on the gut microbiome and immunity of neonatal calves through collaboration among researchers from diverse fields such as microbiology, immunology, nutrition, veterinary science, and epidemiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emma Hernandez-Sanabria
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nilusha Malmuthuge
- Lethbridge Research and Development Center, Agriculture Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kebbe M, Shankar K, Redman LM, Andres A. Human Milk Components and the Infant Gut Microbiome at 6 Months: Understanding the Interconnected Relationship. J Nutr 2024; 154:1200-1208. [PMID: 38442855 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides have been shown to relate to the infant gut microbiome. However, the impact of other human milk components on infant gut bacterial colonization remains unexplored. OBJECTIVES Our cross-sectional analysis aimed to investigate associations between human milk components (energy, macronutrients, free amino acids, inflammatory markers, and hormones) and infant gut microbiome diversity and composition (phylum, family, and genus) at 6 mo of age. METHODS Human milk and infant stool samples were collected at 6 mo postpartum. The infant gut microbiome was profiled using 16S rRNA sequencing. Linear regression models were performed to examine associations, adjusting for pregravid BMI (kg/m2), delivery mode, duration of human milk feeding, and infant sex, with q < 0.2 considered significant. RESULTS This analysis included a total of 54 mothers (100% exclusively feeding human milk) and infants (n = 28 male; 51.9%). Total energy in human milk showed a negative association with α-diversity measures (Chao1 and Shannon). Interleukin (IL)-8 in human milk was positively associated with Chao1 and observed operational taxonomic units. At the family level, human milk glutamine and serine levels showed a negative association with the abundance of Veillonellaceae, whereas isoleucine showed a positive association with Bacteroidaceae. Human milk IL-8 and IL-6 concentrations were positively associated with Bacteroidaceae abundance. IL-8 also had a positive relationship with Bifidobacteriaceae, whereas it had a negative relationship with Streptococcacea and Clostridiaceae. Human milk IL-8 was positively associated with the phylum Bacteroidetes, and negatively associated with Proteobacteria. At the genus level, human milk IL-8 exhibited a positive relationship with Bacteroides, whereas human milk isoleucine had a negative relationship with Bacteroides and Ruminococcus. Pregravid BMI and sex effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS IL-8 in human milk could potentially prepare the infant's immune system to respond effectively to various microorganisms, potentially promoting the growth of beneficial gut bacteria and protecting against pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kebbe
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Leanne M Redman
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Aline Andres
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Revankar NA, Negi PS. Biotics: An emerging food supplement for health improvement in the era of immune modulation. Nutr Clin Pract 2024; 39:311-329. [PMID: 37466413 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.11036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The involvement of the commensal microbiota in immune function is a multifold process. Biotics, such as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and paraprobiotics, have been subjected to animal and human trials demonstrating the association between gut microbes and immunity biomarkers leading to improvement in overall health. In recent years, studies on human microbiome interaction have established the multifarious role of biotics in maintaining overall health. The consumption of biotics has been extensively reported to help in maintaining microbial diversity, enhancing gut-associated mucosal immune homeostasis, and providing protection against a wide range of lifestyle disorders. However, the establishment of biotics as an alternative therapy for a range of health conditions is yet to be ascertained. Despite the fact that scientific literature has demonstrated the correlation between biotics and immune modulation, most in vivo and in vitro reports are inconclusive on the dosage required. This review provides valuable insights into the immunomodulatory effects of biotics consumption based on evidence obtained from animal models and clinical trials. Furthermore, we highlight the optimal dosages of biotics that have been reported to deliver maximum health benefits. By identifying critical research gaps, we have suggested a roadmap for future investigations to advance our understanding of the intricate crosstalk between biotics and immune homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neelam A Revankar
- Department of Fruit and Vegetables Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Pradeep S Negi
- Department of Fruit and Vegetables Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lordan C, Roche AK, Delsing D, Nauta A, Groeneveld A, MacSharry J, Cotter PD, van Sinderen D. Linking human milk oligosaccharide metabolism and early life gut microbiota: bifidobacteria and beyond. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2024; 88:e0009423. [PMID: 38206006 PMCID: PMC10966949 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00094-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYHuman milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are complex, multi-functional glycans present in human breast milk. They represent an intricate mix of heterogeneous structures which reach the infant intestine in an intact form as they resist gastrointestinal digestion. Therefore, they confer a multitude of benefits, directly and/or indirectly, to the developing neonate. Certain bifidobacterial species, being among the earliest gut colonizers of breast-fed infants, have an adapted functional capacity to metabolize various HMO structures. This ability is typically observed in infant-associated bifidobacteria, as opposed to bifidobacteria associated with a mature microbiota. In recent years, information has been gleaned regarding how these infant-associated bifidobacteria as well as certain other taxa are able to assimilate HMOs, including the mechanistic strategies enabling their acquisition and consumption. Additionally, complex metabolic interactions occur between microbes facilitated by HMOs, including the utilization of breakdown products released from HMO degradation. Interest in HMO-mediated changes in microbial composition and function has been the focal point of numerous studies, in recent times fueled by the availability of individual biosynthetic HMOs, some of which are now commonly included in infant formula. In this review, we outline the main HMO assimilatory and catabolic strategies employed by infant-associated bifidobacteria, discuss other taxa that exhibit breast milk glycan degradation capacity, and cover HMO-supported cross-feeding interactions and related metabolites that have been described thus far.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Lordan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co Cork, Ireland
| | - Aoife K. Roche
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Arjen Nauta
- FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | | | - John MacSharry
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D. Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ayala-García JC, Bahena-Román M, Díaz-Benítez CE, Bermúdez-Morales VH, Cruz M, Lagunas-Martínez A, Burguete-García AI. Association between Gut Microbiota and Inflammation: Mediation Analysis Using Waist Circumference. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2024. [PMID: 38516906 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2024.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation (CLI) is implicated in the development of multiple metabolic diseases. The gut microbiota (GM) activates different signaling pathways and induces phenotypic changes, offering an exciting opportunity to treat CLI. We evaluated the mediation of waist circumference on the association of GM with serum cytokines. In this cross-sectional study of 331 children, we measured 5 gut bacterial species, namely, Lactobacillus (L.) casei, L. paracasei, L. reuteri, Staphylococcus (S.) aureus, and Akkermansia (A.) muciniphila, as well as anthropometry, serum cytokines, and other covariates. We evaluated adjusted regression models, path analysis, and structural equation modeling to obtain path coefficients (PCs) for direct, indirect (waist circumference-mediated), and total effects. We found that L. paracasei was directly associated with lower interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels (PC = -173.5 pg/mL). We also observed indirect associations between S. aureus with lower adiponectin levels (PC = -0.1 µg/mL and -0.09 µg/mL). Finally, A. muciniphila was indirectly associated with higher adiponectin levels (PC = 0.1 µg/mL). Our findings suggest the importance of considering the GM composition and waist circumference when evaluating inflammatory-related factors, providing a basis for future research to identify potential strategies to intervene in inflammatory processes and prevent metabolic diseases in childhood. [Figure: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Ayala-García
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Margarita Bahena-Román
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | | | | | - Miguel Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alfredo Lagunas-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Ana Isabel Burguete-García
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Versluis DM, Schoemaker R, Looijesteijn E, Geurts JM, Merks RM. 2'-Fucosyllactose helps butyrate producers outgrow competitors in infant gut microbiota simulations. iScience 2024; 27:109085. [PMID: 38380251 PMCID: PMC10877688 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
A reduced capacity for butyrate production by the early infant gut microbiota is associated with negative health effects, such as inflammation and the development of allergies. Here, we develop new hypotheses on the effect of the prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) or 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) on butyrate production by the infant gut microbiota using a multiscale, spatiotemporal mathematical model of the infant gut. The model simulates a community of cross-feeding gut bacteria in metabolic detail. It represents the community as a grid of bacterial populations that exchange metabolites, using 20 different subspecies-specific metabolic networks taken from the AGORA database. The simulations predict that both GOS and 2'-FL promote the growth of Bifidobacterium, whereas butyrate producing bacteria are only consistently abundant in the presence of propane-1,2-diol, a product of 2'-FL metabolism. In absence of prebiotics or in presence of only GOS, however, Bacteroides vulgatus and Cutibacterium acnes outcompete butyrate producers by consuming intermediate metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Versluis
- Leiden University, Institute of Biology, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Roeland M.H. Merks
- Leiden University, Institute of Biology, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden University, Mathematical Institute, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Catassi G, Aloi M, Giorgio V, Gasbarrini A, Cammarota G, Ianiro G. The Role of Diet and Nutritional Interventions for the Infant Gut Microbiome. Nutrients 2024; 16:400. [PMID: 38337684 PMCID: PMC10857663 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The infant gut microbiome plays a key role in the healthy development of the human organism and appears to be influenced by dietary practices through multiple pathways. First, maternal diet during pregnancy and infant nutrition significantly influence the infant gut microbiota. Moreover, breastfeeding fosters the proliferation of beneficial bacteria, while formula feeding increases microbial diversity. The timing of introducing solid foods also influences gut microbiota composition. In preterm infants the gut microbiota development is influenced by multiple factors, including the time since birth and the intake of breast milk, and interventions such as probiotics and prebiotics supplementation show promising results in reducing morbidity and mortality in this population. These findings underscore the need for future research to understand the long-term health impacts of these interventions and for further strategies to enrich the gut microbiome of formula-fed and preterm infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Catassi
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (A.G.); (G.C.)
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Umberto I Hospital, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marina Aloi
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Umberto I Hospital, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Valentina Giorgio
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, UOC Pediatria, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (A.G.); (G.C.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOC Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOC CEMAD Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (A.G.); (G.C.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOC Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOC CEMAD Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (A.G.); (G.C.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOC Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOC CEMAD Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pratelli G, Tamburini B, Badami GD, Lo Pizzo M, De Blasio A, Carlisi D, Di Liberto D. Cow's Milk: A Benefit for Human Health? Omics Tools and Precision Nutrition for Lactose Intolerance Management. Nutrients 2024; 16:320. [PMID: 38276558 PMCID: PMC10819418 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cow's milk (CM) is a healthy food consumed worldwide by individuals of all ages. Unfortunately, "lactase-deficient" individuals cannot digest milk's main carbohydrate, lactose, depriving themselves of highly beneficial milk proteins like casein, lactoalbumin, and lactoglobulin due to lactose intolerance (LI), while other individuals develop allergies specifically against these proteins (CMPA). The management of these conditions differs, and an inappropriate diagnosis or treatment may have significant implications for the patients, especially if they are infants or very young children, resulting in unnecessary dietary restrictions or avoidable adverse reactions. Omics technologies play a pivotal role in elucidating the intricate interactions between nutrients and the human body, spanning from genetic factors to the microbiota profile and metabolites. This comprehensive approach enables the precise delineation and identification of distinct cohorts of individuals with specific dietary requirements, so that tailored nutrition strategies can be developed. This is what is called personalized nutrition or precision nutrition (PN), the area of nutrition that focuses on the effects of nutrients on the genome, proteome, and metabolome, promoting well-being and health, preventing diseases, reducing chronic disease incidence, and increasing life expectancy. Here, we report the opinion of the scientific community proposing to replace the "one size fits all" approach with tailor-made nutrition programs, designed by integrating nutrigenomic data together with clinical parameters and microbiota profiles, taking into account the individual lactose tolerance threshold and needs in terms of specific nutrients intake. This customized approach could help LI patients to improve their quality of life, overcoming depression or anxiety often resulting from the individual perception of this condition as different from a normal state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pratelli
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Bartolo Tamburini
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), AOUP Paolo Giaccone, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.D.B.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Giusto Davide Badami
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), AOUP Paolo Giaccone, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.D.B.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Marianna Lo Pizzo
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), AOUP Paolo Giaccone, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.D.B.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Anna De Blasio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Daniela Carlisi
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Diana Di Liberto
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.P.); (D.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Melsaether C, Høtoft D, Wellejus A, Hermes GDA, Damholt A. Seeding the Infant Gut in Early Life-Effects of Maternal and Infant Seeding with Probiotics on Strain Transfer, Microbiota, and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Healthy Breastfed Infants. Nutrients 2023; 15:4000. [PMID: 37764787 PMCID: PMC10538230 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of two dosing regimens of two multi-strain probiotic products on the gut microbiota of breastfed infants, including the transfer of the dosed strains and clinical outcomes. In forty-seven dyads, infants were either exposed through maternal intake (MS) of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LGG, and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis Bifin02 from gestational week thirty-three until four weeks after birth (n = 24) or dosed directly (IS) with the same strains except for LA-5 starting within 24 h after birth until day 28 (n = 23). Infant stool samples were collected on day 0, 14, 28, and 42 after birth. Gastrointestinal symptoms were assessed by parents using an electronic diary. Microbiota composition was determined using 16S rRNA sequencing, and strain recovery was analyzed by qPCR. Notably, 100% of the IS infants were colonized with Bifin02 after 14 days as opposed to only 25% of the MS infants. Mean stool frequency was significantly lower in IS infants compared to MS infants and IS infants had softer stools on day 14, 28, and 42. A significantly steeper slope of progression of inconsolable crying and fussing was observed in MS infants compared to IS infants. In conclusion, direct infant seeding induced a faster increase in fecal bifidobacteria abundancy and Bifin02 recovery compared to dosed through the maternal intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cathrine Melsaether
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Boege Alle 10-12, 2970 Hoersholm, Denmark; (A.W.); (G.D.A.H.); (A.D.)
| | - Diana Høtoft
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Anja Wellejus
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Boege Alle 10-12, 2970 Hoersholm, Denmark; (A.W.); (G.D.A.H.); (A.D.)
| | - Gerben D. A. Hermes
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Boege Alle 10-12, 2970 Hoersholm, Denmark; (A.W.); (G.D.A.H.); (A.D.)
| | - Anders Damholt
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Boege Alle 10-12, 2970 Hoersholm, Denmark; (A.W.); (G.D.A.H.); (A.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Peppas I, Ford AM, Furness CL, Greaves MF. Gut microbiome immaturity and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Nat Rev Cancer 2023; 23:565-576. [PMID: 37280427 PMCID: PMC10243253 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00584-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common cancer of childhood. Here, we map emerging evidence suggesting that children with ALL at the time of diagnosis may have a delayed maturation of the gut microbiome compared with healthy children. This finding may be associated with early-life epidemiological factors previously identified as risk indicators for childhood ALL, including caesarean section birth, diminished breast feeding and paucity of social contacts. The consistently observed deficiency in short-chain fatty-acid-producing bacterial taxa in children with ALL has the potential to promote dysregulated immune responses and to, ultimately, increase the risk of transformation of preleukaemic clones in response to common infectious triggers. These data endorse the concept that a microbiome deficit in early life may contribute to the development of the major subtypes of childhood ALL and encourage the notion of risk-reducing microbiome-targeted intervention in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Peppas
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, The Royal Marsden Hospital Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Anthony M Ford
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Caroline L Furness
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, The Royal Marsden Hospital Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Mel F Greaves
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Eudy BJ, Odle J, Lin X, Maltecca C, Walter KR, McNulty NP, Fellner V, Jacobi SK. Dietary Prebiotic Oligosaccharides and Arachidonate Alter the Fecal Microbiota and Mucosal Lipid Composition of Suckling Pigs. J Nutr 2023; 153:2249-2262. [PMID: 37348760 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early intestinal development is important to infant vitality, and optimal formula composition can promote gut health. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to evaluate the effects of arachidonate (ARA) and/or prebiotic oligosaccharide (PRE) supplementation in formula on the development of the microbial ecosystem and colonic health parameters. METHODS Newborn piglets were fed 4 formulas containing ARA [0.5 compared with 2.5% of dietary fatty acids (FAs)] and PRE (0 compared with 8 g/L, containing a 1:1 mixture of galactooligosaccharides and polydextrose) in a 2 x 2 factorial design for 22 d. Fecal samples were collected weekly and analyzed for relative microbial abundance. Intestinal samples were collected on day 22 and analyzed for mucosal FAs, pH, and short-chain FAs (SCFAs). RESULTS PRE supplementation significantly increased genera within Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, including Anaerostipes, Mitsuokella, Prevotella, Clostridium IV, and Bulleidia, and resulted in progressive separation from controls as determined by Principal Coordinates Analysis. Concentrations of SCFA increased from 70.98 to 87.37 mM, with an accompanying reduction in colonic pH. ARA supplementation increased the ARA content of the colonic mucosa from 2.35-5.34% of total FAs. PRE supplementation also altered mucosal FA composition, resulting in increased linoleic acid (11.52-16.33% of total FAs) and ARA (2.35-5.16% of total FAs). CONCLUSIONS Prebiotic supplementation during the first 22 d of life altered the gut microbiota of piglets and increased the abundance of specific bacterial genera. These changes correlated with increased SCFA, which may benefit intestinal development. Although dietary ARA did not alter the microbiota, it increased the ARA content of the colonic mucosa, which may support intestinal development and epithelial repair. Prebiotic supplementation also increased unsaturation of FAs in the colonic mucosa. Although the mechanism requires further investigation, it may be related to altered microbial ecology or biohydrogenation of FA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Eudy
- Department of Animal Science and Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Jack Odle
- Department of Animal Science and Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Christian Maltecca
- Department of Animal Science and Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Kathleen R Walter
- Department of Animal Science and Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Nathan P McNulty
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Vivek Fellner
- Department of Animal Science and Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Sheila K Jacobi
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mancabelli L, Milani C, Fontana F, Liotto N, Tabasso C, Perrone M, Lugli GA, Tarracchini C, Alessandri G, Viappiani A, Bernasconi S, Roggero P, Mosca F, Turroni F, Ventura M. A pilot study to disentangle the infant gut microbiota composition and identification of bacteria correlates with high fat mass. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2023; 2:23. [PMID: 38046821 PMCID: PMC10688801 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2023.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: At birth, the human intestine is colonized by a complex community of microorganisms known as gut microbiota. These complex microbial communities that inhabit the gut microbiota are thought to play a key role in maintaining host physiological homeostasis. For this reason, correct colonization of the gastrointestinal tract in the early stages of life could be fundamental for human health. Furthermore, alterations of the infant microbiota are correlated with the development of human inflammatory diseases and disorders. In this context, the possible relationships between intestinal microbiota and body composition during infancy are of great interest. Methods: In this study, we have performed a pilot study based on 16S rRNA gene profiling and metagenomic approaches on repeatedly measured data on time involving a cohort of 41 Italian newborns, which is aimed to investigate the possible correlation between body fat mass percentage (FM%) and the infant gut microbiota composition. Results and conclusion: The taxonomical analysis of the stool microbiota of each infant included in the cohort allowed the identification of a specific correlation between intestinal bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium and Veillonella, and the increase in FM%. Moreover, the analysis of the infant microbiome's metabolic capabilities suggested that the intestinal microbiome functionally impacts the human host and its possible influence on host physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Mancabelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma 43125, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre “Microbiome Research Hub”, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Christian Milani
- Interdepartmental Research Centre “Microbiome Research Hub”, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Federico Fontana
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Nadia Liotto
- NICU, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Chiara Tabasso
- NICU, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Michela Perrone
- NICU, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Gabriele Andrea Lugli
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Chiara Tarracchini
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Giulia Alessandri
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy
| | | | - Sergio Bernasconi
- Interdepartmental Research Centre “Microbiome Research Hub”, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Paola Roggero
- NICU, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Fabio Mosca
- NICU, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Francesca Turroni
- Interdepartmental Research Centre “Microbiome Research Hub”, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Marco Ventura
- Interdepartmental Research Centre “Microbiome Research Hub”, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sciarra F, Franceschini E, Campolo F, Venneri MA. The Diagnostic Potential of the Human Blood Microbiome: Are We Dreaming or Awake? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10422. [PMID: 37445600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human blood has historically been considered a sterile environment. Recently, a thriving microbiome dominated by Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes phyla was detected in healthy blood. The localization of these microbes is restricted to some blood cell populations, particularly the peripheral blood mononuclear cells and erythrocytes. It was hypothesized that the blood microbiome originates from the skin-oral-gut axis. In addition, many studies have evaluated the potential of blood microbiome dysbiosis as a prognostic marker in cardiovascular diseases, cirrhosis, severe liver fibrosis, severe acute pancreatitis, type 2 diabetes, and chronic kidney diseases. The present review aims to summarize current findings and most recent evidence in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Sciarra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Franceschini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Campolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mary Anna Venneri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen Q, Ma X, Xing Z, Zhao X, Zu H, Guo Z, Li B. Antibiotic Conditioning Shapes Pseudosterile Mouse Models by Deleting Colonic Microbes Rather than Small Intestinal Microbes. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0081423. [PMID: 37074200 PMCID: PMC10269458 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00814-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple model of alternative microbiota in the developing intestinal environment has been highly desirable for the study of health and disease in the gut. The pattern of antibiotic depletion of natural gut microbes is necessary for this model. However, the effects and loci of antibiotic deletion of gut microbes remain unclear. In this study, a mixture of three proven broad-spectrum antibiotics was selected to study their effects on microbial deletions in the jejunum, ileum, and colon of mice. The 16S rRNA sequencing results showed that antibiotics significantly reduced colonic microbial diversity, with limited effects on the jejunum and ileum. At the level of microbial genera, only 93.38% of Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia and 5.89% of Enterorhabdus were present in the colon after antibiotic treatment. However, such changes were not observed in the microbial composition of the jejunum and ileum. Our results suggest that the antibiotics depleted intestinal microorganisms by acting primarily in the colon and not in the small intestine (jejunum and ileum). IMPORTANCE Many studies have applied antibiotics to delete intestinal microbes to shape pseudosterile mouse models and further used for fecal microbial transplantation. However, few studies have explored the spatial location of antibiotic action in the intestine. This study shows that the selected antibiotics effectively deleted microbiota in the colon of mice, with limited effects on microbes in the jejunum and ileum. Our study provides guidance for the application of a mouse model of antibiotic deletion of intestinal microbes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingxue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhishuang Xing
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- CABIO Biotech (Wuhan) Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Hang Zu
- Heilongjiang Ubayt Dairy Group Co., Ltd., Qiqihaer, China
| | - Zengwang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Bailiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fernandez-Julia P, Black GW, Cheung W, Van Sinderen D, Munoz-Munoz J. Fungal β-glucan-facilitated cross-feeding activities between Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium species. Commun Biol 2023; 6:576. [PMID: 37253778 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04970-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota (HGM) is comprised of a very complex network of microorganisms, which interact with the host thereby impacting on host health and well-being. β-glucan has been established as a dietary polysaccharide supporting growth of particular gut-associated bacteria, including members of the genera Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium, the latter considered to represent beneficial or probiotic bacteria. However, the exact mechanism underpinning β-glucan metabolism by gut commensals is not fully understood. We show that mycoprotein represents an excellent source for β-glucan, which is consumed by certain Bacteroides species as primary degraders, such as Bacteroides cellulosilyticus WH2. The latter bacterium employs two extracellular, endo-acting enzymes, belonging to glycoside hydrolase families 30 and 157, to degrade mycoprotein-derived β-glucan, thereby releasing oligosaccharides into the growth medium. These released oligosaccharides can in turn be utilized by other gut microbes, such as Bifidobacterium and Lactiplantibacillus, which thus act as secondary degraders. We used a cross-feeding approach to track how both species are able to grow in co-culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Fernandez-Julia
- Microbial Enzymology Lab, Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England, UK
| | - Gary W Black
- Microbial Enzymology Lab, Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England, UK
| | - William Cheung
- Microbial Enzymology Lab, Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England, UK
| | - Douwe Van Sinderen
- School of Microbiology & APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jose Munoz-Munoz
- Microbial Enzymology Lab, Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shankar A, Das DJ, Nayar S, Thomas S. Deciphering the effect of maternal postpartum antibiotic prophylaxis on the infant gut microbiome: a whole metagenomic analysis. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:427-441. [PMID: 37204286 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To analyze the impact of postpartum antibiotic (Ab) prophylaxis on the infant gut microbiome. Materials & methods: Whole metagenomic analysis was performed on breast milk and infant fecal samples collected from mother-infant pairs who belonged to two groups: an Ab group comprising mothers who had received a single course of Abs in the immediate postpartum period and a non-Ab group comprising mothers who had not received Abs. Results: The characteristic presence of Citrobacter werkmanii, an emerging multidrug-resistant uropathogen, and a higher relative abundance of genes encoding resistance to specific Abs were noted in samples from the Ab group compared with those from the non-Ab group. Conclusion: Policies regarding prophylactic Ab prescription across government and private health sectors in the postpartum period need to be strengthened.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Shankar
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Devika J Das
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Seema Nayar
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - Sabu Thomas
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kazakova P, Abasolo N, de Cripan SM, Marquès E, Cereto-Massagué A, Garcia L, Canela N, Tormo R, Torrell H. Gut Microbiome and Small RNA Integrative-Omic Perspective of Meconium and Milk-FED Infant Stool Samples. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098069. [PMID: 37175775 PMCID: PMC10179101 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome plays an important role in health, and its initial development is conditioned by many factors, such as feeding. It has also been claimed that this colonization is guided by bacterial populations, the dynamic virome, and transkingdom interactions between host and microbial cells, partially mediated by epigenetic signaling. In this article, we characterized the bacteriome, virome, and smallRNome and their interaction in the meconium and stool samples from infants. Bacterial and viral DNA and RNA were extracted from the meconium and stool samples of 2- to 4-month-old milk-fed infants. The bacteriome, DNA and RNA virome, and smallRNome were assessed using 16S rRNA V4 sequencing, viral enrichment sequencing, and small RNA sequencing protocols, respectively. Data pathway analysis and integration were performed using the R package mixOmics. Our findings showed that the bacteriome differed among the three groups, while the virome and smallRNome presented significant differences, mainly between the meconium and stool of milk-fed infants. The gut environment is rapidly acquired after birth, and it is highly adaptable due to the interaction of environmental factors. Additionally, transkingdom interactions between viruses and bacteria can influence host and smallRNome profiles. However, virome characterization has several protocol limitations that must be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Polina Kazakova
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT, Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructures (ICTS), 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Nerea Abasolo
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT, Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructures (ICTS), 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Sara Martinez de Cripan
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT, Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructures (ICTS), 43204 Reus, Spain
| | | | - Adrià Cereto-Massagué
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT, Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructures (ICTS), 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Lorena Garcia
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT, Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructures (ICTS), 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Núria Canela
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT, Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructures (ICTS), 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Ramón Tormo
- ESPGHAN, European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition Pediatric Center, 08006 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena Torrell
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT, Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructures (ICTS), 43204 Reus, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kapoor B, Gulati M, Gupta R, Singla RK. Microbiota dysbiosis and myasthenia gravis: Do all roads lead to Rome? Autoimmun Rev 2023; 22:103313. [PMID: 36918089 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated immune system with a failure to recognize self from non-self-antigens is one of the common pathogeneses seen in autoimmune diseases. The complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors is important for the occurrence and development of the disease. Among the environmental factors, disturbed gut microbiota (gut dysbiosis) has recently attracted particular attention, especially with advancement in human microbiome research. Although the alterations in microbiota have been seen in various autoimmune diseases, including those of nervous system, there is paucity of information on neuromuscular system diseases. Myasthenia gravis (MG) is one such rare autoimmune disease of neuromuscular junction, and is caused by generation of pathogenic autoantibodies to components of the postsynaptic muscle endplate. In the recent years, accumulating evidences have endorsed the key role of host microbiota, particularly those of gut, in the pathogenesis of MG. Differential microbiota composition, characterized by increased abundance of Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria, and decreased abundance of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes, has been seen in MG patients in comparison to healthy subjects. Disturbance of microbiota composition, particularly reduced ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, alter the gut permeability, subsequently triggering the immunological response. Resultant reduction in levels of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) is another factor contributing to the immunological response in MG patients. Modulation of gut microbiota via intervention of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics (metabiotics), and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is considered to be the futuristic approach for the management of MG. This review summarizes the role of gut microbiota and their metabolites (postbiotics) in the progression of MG. Also, various bacteriotherapeutic approaches involving gut microbiota are discussed for the prevention of MG progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhupinder Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Reena Gupta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Rajeev K Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road, 2222, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
The fecal and oropharyngeal eukaryotic viromes of healthy infants during the first year of life are personal. Sci Rep 2023; 13:938. [PMID: 36650178 PMCID: PMC9845211 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26707-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Using a metagenomic sequencing approach, we described and compared the diversity and dynamics of the oropharyngeal and fecal eukaryotic virome of nine asymptomatic children in a semi-rural community setting located in the State of Morelos, Mexico. Ninety oropharyngeal swabs and 97 fecal samples were collected starting 2 weeks after birth and monthly thereafter until 12 months of age. In both niches, more than 95% of the total sequence reads were represented by viruses that replicate either in humans or in plants. Regarding human viruses, three families were most abundant and frequent in the oropharynx: Herpesviridae, Picornaviridae, and Reoviridae; in fecal samples, four virus families predominated: Caliciviridae, Picornaviridae, Reoviridae, and Anelloviridae. Both niches showed a high abundance of plant viruses of the family Virgaviridae. Differences in the frequency and abundance of sequence reads and diversity of virus species were observed in both niches and throughout the year of study, with some viruses already present in the first months of life. Our results suggest that the children's virome is dynamic and likely shaped by the environment, feeding, and age. Moreover, composition analysis suggests that the virome composition is mostly individual. Whether this constant exposition to different viruses has a long-term impact on children's health or development remains to be studied.
Collapse
|
20
|
Roager HM, Stanton C, Hall LJ. Microbial metabolites as modulators of the infant gut microbiome and host-microbial interactions in early life. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2192151. [PMID: 36942883 PMCID: PMC10038037 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2192151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of infant gut microbiome is a pivotal process affecting the ecology and function of the microbiome, as well as host health. While the establishment of the infant microbiome has been of interest for decades, the focus on gut microbial metabolism and the resulting small molecules (metabolites) has been rather limited. However, technological and computational advances are now enabling researchers to profile the plethora of metabolites in the infant gut, allowing for improved understanding of how gut microbial-derived metabolites drive microbiome community structuring and host-microbial interactions. Here, we review the current knowledge on development of the infant gut microbiota and metabolism within the first year of life, and discuss how these microbial metabolites are key for enhancing our basic understanding of interactions during the early life developmental window.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik M. Roager
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Lindsay J. Hall
- Gut Microbes & Health, Quadram Institute Biosciences, Norwich, UK
- Intestinal Microbiome, School of Life Sciences, ZIEL – Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shtossel O, Isakov H, Turjeman S, Koren O, Louzoun Y. Ordering taxa in image convolution networks improves microbiome-based machine learning accuracy. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2224474. [PMID: 37345233 PMCID: PMC10288916 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2224474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome is associated with a large number of disease etiologies. As such, it is a natural candidate for machine-learning-based biomarker development for multiple diseases and conditions. The microbiome is often analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing or shotgun metagenomics. However, several properties of microbial sequence-based studies hinder machine learning (ML), including non-uniform representation, a small number of samples compared with the dimension of each sample, and sparsity of the data, with the majority of taxa present in a small subset of samples. We show here using a graph representation that the cladogram structure is as informative as the taxa frequency. We then suggest a novel method to combine information from different taxa and improve data representation for ML using microbial taxonomy. iMic (image microbiome) translates the microbiome to images through an iterative ordering scheme, and applies convolutional neural networks to the resulting image. We show that iMic has a higher precision in static microbiome gene sequence-based ML than state-of-the-art methods. iMic also facilitates the interpretation of the classifiers through an explainable artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm to iMic to detect taxa relevant to each condition. iMic is then extended to dynamic microbiome samples by translating them to movies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oshrit Shtossel
- Department of Mathematics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Haim Isakov
- Department of Mathematics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Sondra Turjeman
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Omry Koren
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Yoram Louzoun
- Department of Mathematics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Belyaeva IA, Bombardirova EP, Turti TV. The Choice of Product for Mixed or Formula Feeding of Infant: Beneficial Properties of Goat’s Milk Formula. CURRENT PEDIATRICS 2022. [DOI: 10.15690/vsp.v21i6.2469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the benefits of goat’s milk as the basis to produce adapted milk formulas according to relevant infants feeding issues. The characteristics of main nutrients of modern goat’s milk formulas are presented. A balanced protein composition enriched with β-palmitate, presence of prebiotics-oligosaccharides, natural nucleotides and probiotics advances these formulas closer to breast milk and provide their multipotent sanogenetic effects. The unique composition of goat’s milk formulas allows to ensure normal physical growth of a baby, induces tissue and systemic immunity via adequate intestinal microbiota formation, maintains normal functioning of gut-brain axis, that promotes vegetative and visceral disorders (due to functional digestive disorders) correction. Thus, it is possible to recommend goat’s milk formulas in cases of forced mixed or formula feeding of healthy infants and children with functional digestive disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina A. Belyaeva
- Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health in Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Morozovskaya Children’s City Hospital
| | - Elena P. Bombardirova
- Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health in Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery
| | - Tatiana V. Turti
- Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health in Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Brusselaers N, Pereira M, Alm J, Engstrand L, Engstrand Lilja H. Effect of proton pump inhibitors in infants with esophageal atresia on the gut microbiome: a pilot cohort. Gut Pathog 2022; 14:47. [PMID: 36527125 PMCID: PMC9758939 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-022-00518-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) on the infant microbiome remain unclear. Swedish pilot cohort study to assess the longitudinal effect of long-term PPI on the infant gut microbiome, including ten newborn infants operated for esophageal atresia exposed to PPIs (mean 57 weeks), compared to healthy one-year-old controls. All children were born vaginally and were otherwise healthy. Within- and between sample diversity of the fecal microbiome was assessed using untargeted whole genome Shotgun metagenomics which sequences all the DNA in the sample and can capture genes rather than a taxonomic fingerprint. RESULTS A longer duration of PPI-use was associated with considerable changes in evenness and high variation on diversity within samples compared to a shorter duration of use. The limited difference between baseline samples and controls suggests that this shift was most likely due to the drug exposure and not the underlying alterations on the microbiome. We found no associations with the number of antibiotic treatment episodes among the PPI-users. CONCLUSION Prolonged PPI-use may alter the early infant gut microbiome composition, especially those with the most prolonged duration of use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nele Brusselaers
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium ,grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marcela Pereira
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Alm
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Clinical Science, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.416648.90000 0000 8986 2221Sachs’ Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, 11883 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Engstrand
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helene Engstrand Lilja
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Exploring species-level infant gut bacterial biodiversity by meta-analysis and formulation of an optimized cultivation medium. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:88. [PMID: 36316342 PMCID: PMC9622858 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00349-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro gut cultivation models provide host-uncoupled, fast, and cost-efficient solutions to investigate the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic factors impacting on both composition and functionality of the intestinal microbial ecosystem. However, to ensure the maintenance and survival of gut microbial players and preserve their functions, these systems require close monitoring of several variables, including oxygen concentration, pH, and temperature, as well as the use of a culture medium satisfying the microbial nutritional requirements. In this context, in order to identify the macro- and micro-nutrients necessary for in vitro cultivation of the infant gut microbiota, a meta-analysis based on 1669 publicly available shotgun metagenomic samples corresponding to fecal samples of healthy, full-term infants aged from a few days to three years was performed to define the predominant species characterizing the “infant-like” gut microbial ecosystem. A subsequent comparison of growth performances was made using infant fecal samples that contained the most abundant bacterial taxa of the infant gut microbiota, when cultivated on 18 different culture media. This growth analysis was performed by means of flow cytometry-based bacterial cell enumeration and shallow shotgun sequencing, which allowed the formulation of an optimized growth medium, i.e., Infant Gut Super Medium (IGSM), which maintains and sustains the infant gut microbial biodiversity under in vitro growth conditions. Furthermore, this formulation was used to evaluate the in vitro effect of two drugs commonly used in pediatrics, i.e., acetaminophen and simethicone, on the taxonomic composition of the infant gut microbiota.
Collapse
|
25
|
Yang J, Qin S, Zhang H. Precise strategies for selecting probiotic bacteria in treatment of intestinal bacterial dysfunctional diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1034727. [PMID: 36341458 PMCID: PMC9632739 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1034727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abundant microbiota resides in the organs of the body, which utilize the nutrition and form a reciprocal relationship with the host. The composition of these microbiota changes under different pathological conditions, particularly in response to stress and digestive diseases, making the microbial composition and health of the hosts body interdependent. Probiotics are living microorganisms that have demonstrated beneficial effects on physical health and as such are used as supplements to ameliorate symptoms of various digestive diseases by optimizing microbial composition of the gut and restore digestive balance. However, the supplementary effect does not achieve the expected result. Therefore, a targeted screening strategy on probiotic bacteria is crucial, owing to the presence of several bacterial strains. Core bacteria work effectively in maintaining microbiological homeostasis and stabilization in the gastrointestinal tract. Some of the core bacteria can be inherited and acquired from maternal pregnancy and delivery; others can be acquired from contact with the mother, feces, and the environment. Knowing the genera and functions of the core bacteria could be vital in the isolation and selection of probiotic bacteria for supplementation. In addition, other supporting strains of probiotic bacteria are also needed. A comprehensive strategy for mining both core and supporting bacteria before its clinical use is needed. Using metagenomics or other methods of estimation to discern the typically differentiated strains of bacteria is another important strategy to treat dysbiosis. Hence, these two factors are significant to carry out targeted isolation and selection of the functional strains to compose the resulting probiotic preparation for application in both research and clinical use. In conclusion, precise probiotic supplementation, by screening abundant strains of bacteria and isolating specific probiotic strains, could rapidly establish the core microbiota needed to confer resilience, particularly in bacterial dysfunctional diseases. This approach can help identify distinct bacteria which can be used to improve supplementation therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Yang
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, China
| | - Shunyi Qin
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Breeding of Tianjin, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Chinese Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hao Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
A child is not an adult: development of a new in vitro model of the toddler colon. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:7315-7336. [PMID: 36202936 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12199-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Early life is a critical period where gut ecosystem and functions are being established with significant impact on health. For regulatory, technical, and cost reasons, in vitro gut models can be used as a relevant alternative to in vivo assays. An exhaustive literature review was conducted to adapt the Mucosal Artificial Colon (M-ARCOL) to specific physicochemical (pH, transit time, and nutritional composition of ileal effluents) and microbial parameters from toddlers in the age range of 6 months-3 years, resulting in the Tm-ARCOL. In vitro fermentations were performed to validate this newly developed colonic model compared to in vivo toddler data. Results were also compared to those obtained with the classical adult configuration. Fecal samples from 5 toddlers and 4 adults were used to inoculate bioreactors, and continuous fermentations were performed for 8 days. Gut microbiota structure (lumen and mucus-associated microbiota) and functions (gas and short-chain fatty acids) were monitored. Clearly distinct microbial signatures were obtained between the two in vitro conditions, with lower α-diversity indices and higher abundances of infant-related microbial populations (e.g., Bifidobacteriaceae, Enterobacteriaceae) in toddler versus adult conditions. In accordance with in vivo data, methane was found only in adult bioreactors, while higher percentage of acetate but lower proportions of propionate and butyrate was measured in toddlers compared to adults. This new in vitro model will provide a powerful platform for gut microbiome mechanistic studies in a pediatric context, both in nutritional- (e.g., nutrients, probiotics, prebiotics) and health-related (e.g., drugs, enteric pathogens) studies. KEY POINTS: • Development of a novel in vitro colonic model recapitulating the toddler environment. • Specific toddler versus adult digestive conditions are preserved in vitro. • The new model provides a powerful platform for microbiome mechanistic studies.
Collapse
|
27
|
Syromyatnikov M, Nesterova E, Gladkikh M, Smirnova Y, Gryaznova M, Popov V. Characteristics of the Gut Bacterial Composition in People of Different Nationalities and Religions. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091866. [PMID: 36144468 PMCID: PMC9501501 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing has made it possible to extensively study the human gut microbiota. The links between the human gut microbiome and ethnicity, religion, and race remain rather poorly understood. In this review, data on the relationship between gut microbiota composition and the nationality of people and their religion were generalized. The unique gut microbiome of a healthy European (including Slavic nationality) is characterized by the dominance of the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia. Among the African population, the typical members of the microbiota are Bacteroides and Prevotella. The gut microbiome of Asians is very diverse and rich in members of the genera Prevotella, Bacteroides Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus, Subdoligranulum, Coprococcus, Collinsella, Megasphaera, Bifidobacterium, and Phascolarctobacterium. Among Buddhists and Muslims, the Prevotella enterotype is characteristic of the gut microbiome, while other representatives of religions, including Christians, have the Bacteroides enterotype. Most likely, the gut microbiota of people of different nationalities and religions are influenced by food preferences. The review also considers the influences of pathologies such as obesity, Crohn’s disease, cancer, diabetes, etc., on the bacterial composition of the guts of people of different nationalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Syromyatnikov
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ekaterina Nesterova
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Maria Gladkikh
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Yuliya Smirnova
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Mariya Gryaznova
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Vasily Popov
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ojima MN, Jiang L, Arzamasov AA, Yoshida K, Odamaki T, Xiao J, Nakajima A, Kitaoka M, Hirose J, Urashima T, Katoh T, Gotoh A, van Sinderen D, Rodionov DA, Osterman AL, Sakanaka M, Katayama T. Priority effects shape the structure of infant-type Bifidobacterium communities on human milk oligosaccharides. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:2265-2279. [PMID: 35768643 PMCID: PMC9381805 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-022-01270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are among the first colonizers of the infant gut, and human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in breastmilk are instrumental for the formation of a bifidobacteria-rich microbiota. However, little is known about the assembly of bifidobacterial communities. Here, by applying assembly theory to a community of four representative infant-gut associated Bifidobacterium species that employ varied strategies for HMO consumption, we show that arrival order and sugar consumption phenotypes significantly affected community formation. Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis, two avid HMO consumers, dominate through inhibitory priority effects. On the other hand, Bifidobacterium breve, a species with limited HMO-utilization ability, can benefit from facilitative priority effects and dominates by utilizing fucose, an HMO degradant not utilized by the other bifidobacterial species. Analysis of publicly available breastfed infant faecal metagenome data showed that the observed trends for B. breve were consistent with our in vitro data, suggesting that priority effects may have contributed to its dominance. Our study highlights the importance and history dependency of initial community assembly and its implications for the maturation trajectory of the infant gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam N Ojima
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Keisuke Yoshida
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Odamaki
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jinzhong Xiao
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Aruto Nakajima
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Junko Hirose
- School of Human Cultures, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone, Shiga, Japan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Women's University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tadasu Urashima
- Department of Food and Life Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Katoh
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Aina Gotoh
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- APC Microbiome Ireland and School of Microbiology, Food Science Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Dmitry A Rodionov
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrei L Osterman
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Takane Katayama
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Juarez VM, Montalbine AN, Singh A. Microbiome as an immune regulator in health, disease, and therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 188:114400. [PMID: 35718251 PMCID: PMC10751508 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
New discoveries in drugs and drug delivery systems are focused on identifying and delivering a pharmacologically effective agent, potentially targeting a specific molecular component. However, current drug discovery and therapeutic delivery approaches do not necessarily exploit the complex regulatory network of an indispensable microbiota that has been engineered through evolutionary processes in humans or has been altered by environmental exposure or diseases. The human microbiome, in all its complexity, plays an integral role in the maintenance of host functions such as metabolism and immunity. However, dysregulation in this intricate ecosystem has been linked with a variety of diseases, ranging from inflammatory bowel disease to cancer. Therapeutics and bacteria have an undeniable effect on each other and understanding the interplay between microbes and drugs could lead to new therapies, or to changes in how existing drugs are delivered. In addition, targeting the human microbiome using engineered therapeutics has the potential to address global health challenges. Here, we present the challenges and cutting-edge developments in microbiome-immune cell interactions and outline novel targeting strategies to advance drug discovery and therapeutics, which are defining a new era of personalized and precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria M Juarez
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Alyssa N Montalbine
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ankur Singh
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mansilla FI, Ficoseco CA, Miranda MH, Puglisi E, Nader-Macías MEF, Vignolo GM, Fontana CA. Administration of probiotic lactic acid bacteria to modulate fecal microbiome in feedlot cattle. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12957. [PMID: 35902668 PMCID: PMC9334624 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16786-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of animal gut microbiota is a prominent function of probiotics to improve the health and performance of livestock. In this study, a large-scale survey to evaluate the effect of lactic acid bacteria probiotics on shaping the fecal bacterial community structure of feedlot cattle during three experimental periods of the fattening cycle (163 days) was performed. A commercial feedlot located in northwestern Argentina was enrolled with cattle fed mixed rations (forage and increasing grain diet) and a convenience-experimental design was conducted. A pen (n = 21 animals) was assigned to each experimental group that received probiotics during three different periods. Groups of n = 7 animals were sampled at 40, 104 and 163 days and these samples were then pooled to one, thus giving a total of 34 samples that were subjected to high-throughput sequencing. The microbial diversity of fecal samples was significantly affected (p < 0.05) by the administration period compared with probiotic group supplementation. Even though, the three experimental periods of probiotic administration induced changes in the relative abundance of the most representative bacterial communities, the fecal microbiome of samples was dominated by the Firmicutes (72–98%) and Actinobacteria (0.8–27%) phyla, while a lower abundance of Bacteroidetes (0.08–4.2%) was present. Probiotics were able to modulate the fecal microbiota with a convergence of Clostridiaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae associated with health and growth benefits as core microbiome members. Metabolic functional prediction comparing three experimental administration periods (40, 104 and 163 days) showed an enrichment of metabolic pathways related to complex plant-derived polysaccharide digestion as well as amino acids and derivatives during the first 40 days of probiotic supplementation. Genomic-based knowledge on the benefits of autochthonous probiotics on cattle gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiota composition and functions will contribute to their selection as antibiotic alternatives for commercial feedlot.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Edoardo Puglisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari per una Filiera Agro-alimentare Sostenibile (DISTAS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Cremona-Piacenza, Italy
| | | | | | - Cecilia Alejandra Fontana
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria INTA EEA-Famaillá, Tucumán, Argentina. .,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari per una Filiera Agro-alimentare Sostenibile (DISTAS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Cremona-Piacenza, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bilal M, Ashraf S, Zhao X. Dietary Component-Induced Inflammation and Its Amelioration by Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Synbiotics. Front Nutr 2022; 9:931458. [PMID: 35938108 PMCID: PMC9354043 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.931458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A balanced diet with many dietary components maintains immune homeostasis directly by interacting with innate and adaptive immune components or indirectly through gut microbiota and their metabolites. Dietary components may inhibit pro-inflammatory mediators and promote anti-inflammatory functions or vice versa. Western diets with imbalanced dietary components skew the immune balance toward pro-inflammation and induce intestinal inflammation, consequently leading to many intestinal and systemic inflammatory diseases like ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, irritable bowel syndrome, cardiovascular problems, obesity, and diabetes. The dietary component-induced inflammation is usually chronic in nature and frequently caused or accompanied by alterations in gut microbiota. Therefore, microbiome-targeted therapies such as probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics hold great potentials to amend immune dysregulation and gut dysbiosis, preventing and treating intestinal and systemic inflammatory diseases. Probiotics, prebiotics and synbioitcs are progressively being added to foods and beverages, with claims of health benefits. However, the underlining mechanisms of these interventions for preventing and treating dietary component-induced inflammation are still not very clear. In addition, possibly ineffective or negative consequences of some probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics call for stringent testing and regulation. Here, we will first briefly review inflammation, in terms of its types and the relationship between different dietary components and immune responses. Then, we focus on current knowledge about the direct and indirect effects of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics on intestinal and systemic inflammation. Understanding how probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics modulate the immune system and gut microbiota will improve our strategies for preventing and treating dietary component-induced intestinal inflammation and inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
|
32
|
Ke A, Parreira VR, Farber JM, Goodridge L. Inhibition of Cronobacter sakazakii in an infant simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem using a potential synbiotic. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:947624. [PMID: 35910651 PMCID: PMC9335077 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.947624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Powdered infant formula (PIF) can be contaminated with Cronobacter sakazakii, which can cause severe illnesses in infants. Synbiotics, a combination of probiotics and prebiotics, could act as an alternative control measure for C. sakazakii contamination in PIF and within the infant gut, but synbiotics have not been well studied for their ability to inhibit C. sakazakii. Using a Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®) inoculated with infant fecal matter, we demonstrated that a potential synbiotic, consisting of six lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains and Vivinal GOS, can inhibit the growth of C. sakazakii in an infant possibly through either the production of antimicrobial metabolites like acetate, increasing species diversity within the SHIME compartments to compete for nutrients or a combination of mechanisms. Using a triple SHIME set-up, i.e., three identical SHIME compartments, the first SHIME (SHIME 1) was designated as the control SHIME in the absence of a treatment, whereas SHIME 2 and 3 were the treated SHIME over 2, 1-week treatment periods. The addition of the potential synbiotic (LAB + VGOS) resulted in a significant decrease in C. sakazakii levels within 1 week (p < 0.05), but in the absence of a treatment the significant decline took 2 weeks (p < 0.05), and the LAB treatment did not decrease C. sakazakii levels (p ≥ 0.05). The principal component analysis showed a distinction between metabolomic profiles for the control and LAB treatment, but similar profiles for the LAB + VGOS treatment. The addition of the potential synbiotic (LAB + VGOS) in the first treatment period slightly increased species diversity (p ≥ 0.05) compared to the control and LAB, which may have had an effect on the survival of C. sakazakii throughout the treatment period. Our results also revealed that the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium was negatively correlated with Cronobacter when no treatments were added (ρ = −0.96; p < 0.05). These findings suggest that C. sakazakii could be inhibited by the native gut microbiota, and inhibition can be accelerated by the potential synbiotic treatment.
Collapse
|
33
|
Xu Q, Li D, Chen J, Yang J, Yan J, Xia Y, Zhang F, Wang X, Cao H. Crosstalk between the gut microbiota and postmenopausal osteoporosis: Mechanisms and applications. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:108998. [PMID: 35785728 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) results from a reduction in bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration in bone tissue due to estrogen deficiency, which may increase the incidence of fragility fractures. The number of people suffering from PMO has increased over the years because of the rapidly aging population worldwide. However, several pharmacological agents for the treatment of PMO have many safety risks and impose a heavy financial burden to patients and society. In recent years, the "gut-bone" axis has been proposed as a new approach in the prevention and treatment of PMO. This paper reviews the relationship between the gut microbiota and PMO, which mainly includes the underlying mechanisms between hormones, immunity, nutrient metabolism, metabolites of the gut microbiota and intestinal permeability, and explores the possible role of the gut microbiota in these processes. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic effects of diet, prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation on the gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xu
- Nutrition Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Li
- Nutrition Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Clinical Assessment Center of Functional Food, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Nursing Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ju Yang
- Nutrition Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Clinical Assessment Center of Functional Food, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiai Yan
- Nutrition Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Clinical Assessment Center of Functional Food, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanping Xia
- Nutrition Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Clinical Assessment Center of Functional Food, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Nutrition Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Clinical Assessment Center of Functional Food, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuesong Wang
- Nutrition Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Clinical Assessment Center of Functional Food, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Nutrition Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Clinical Assessment Center of Functional Food, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Boudar Z, Sehli S, El Janahi S, Al Idrissi N, Hamdi S, Dini N, Brim H, Amzazi S, Nejjari C, Lloyd-Puryear M, Ghazal H. Metagenomics Approaches to Investigate the Neonatal Gut Microbiome. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:886627. [PMID: 35799697 PMCID: PMC9253679 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.886627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Early infancy is critical for the development of an infant's gut flora. Many factors can influence microbiota development during the pre- and postnatal periods, including maternal factors, antibiotic exposure, mode of delivery, dietary patterns, and feeding type. Therefore, investigating the connection between these variables and host and microbiome interactions in neonatal development would be of great interest. As the "unculturable" era of microbiome research gives way to an intrinsically multidisciplinary field, microbiome research has reaped the advantages of technological advancements in next-generation sequencing, particularly 16S rRNA gene amplicon and shotgun sequencing, which have considerably expanded our knowledge about gut microbiota development during early life. Using omics approaches to explore the neonatal microbiome may help to better understand the link between the microbiome and newborn diseases. Herein, we summarized the metagenomics methods and tools used to advance knowledge on the neonatal microbiome origin and evolution and how the microbiome shapes early and late individuals' lives for health and disease. The way to overcome limitations in neonatal microbiome studies will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zakia Boudar
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, School of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Sofia Sehli
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, School of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Sara El Janahi
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, School of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Najib Al Idrissi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Salsabil Hamdi
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, School of Pharmacy, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Nouzha Dini
- Mother and Child Department, Cheikh Khalifa International University Hospital, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hassan Brim
- Department of Pathology, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Saaïd Amzazi
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Chakib Nejjari
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International School of Public Health, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | | | - Hassan Ghazal
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, School of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
- National Center for Scientific and Technical Research, Rabat, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Engevik MA, Stripe LK, Baatz JE, Wagner CL, Chetta KE. Identifying single-strain growth patterns of human gut microbes in response to preterm human milk and formula. Food Funct 2022; 13:5571-5589. [PMID: 35481924 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00447j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota of the preterm neonate has become a major research focus, with evidence emerging that the microbiota influences both short and long-term health outcomes, in the neonatal intensive care unit and beyond. Similar to the term microbiome, the preterm gut microbiome is highly influenced by diet, specifically formula and human milk use. This study aims to analyze next-generation products including preterm formula, human milk-oligosaccharide term formula, and preterm breastmilk. We used a culture-based model to differentially compare the growth patterns of individual bacterial strains found in the human intestine. This model probed 24 strains of commensal bacteria and 8 pathobiont species which have previously been found to cause sepsis in preterm neonates. Remarkable differences between strain growth and culture pH were noted after comparing models of formulas and between human milk and formula. Both formula and human milk supported the growth of commensal bacteria; however, the formula products, but not human milk, supported the growth of several specific pathogenic strains. Computational analysis revealed potential connections between long-chain fatty acid and iron uptake from formula in pathobiont organisms. These findings indicate that there is a unique profile of growth in response to human milk and formula and shed light into how the infant gut microbiota could be influenced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melinda A Engevik
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, USA.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Leah K Stripe
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
| | - John E Baatz
- Department of Pediatrics, C.P. Darby Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Shawn Jenkins Children's Hospital, 10 McClennan Banks Drive, MSC 915, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Carol L Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, C.P. Darby Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Shawn Jenkins Children's Hospital, 10 McClennan Banks Drive, MSC 915, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Katherine E Chetta
- Department of Pediatrics, C.P. Darby Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Shawn Jenkins Children's Hospital, 10 McClennan Banks Drive, MSC 915, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Non-nutritive bioactive components in maternal milk and offspring development: a scoping review. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2022; 13:665-673. [PMID: 35387707 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174422000149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Lactation is a critical time in mammalian development, where maternal factors shape offspring outcomes. In this scoping review, we discuss current literature concerning maternal factors that influence lactation biology and highlight important associations between changes in milk composition and offspring outcomes. Specifically, we explore maternal nutritional, psychosocial, and environmental exposures that influence non-nutritive bioactive components in milk and their links to offspring growth, development, metabolic, and behavioral outcomes. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Predetermined eligibility criteria were used to analyze 3,275 papers, and the final review included 40 primary research articles. Outcomes of this review identify maternal obesity to be a leading maternal factor influencing the non-nutritive bioactive composition of milk with notable links to offspring outcomes. Offspring growth and development are the most common modes of programming associated with changes in non-nutritive milk composition due to maternal factors in early life. In addition to discussing studies investigating these key associations, we also identify knowledge gaps in the current literature and suggest opportunities and considerations for future studies.
Collapse
|
37
|
Puntillo M, Segli F, Champagne CP, Raymond Y, Vinderola G. Functional Microbes and Their Incorporation into Foods and Food Supplements: Probiotics and Postbiotics. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2022; 13:385-407. [PMID: 35333590 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-052720-011545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Life expectancy has dramatically increased over the past 200 years, but modern life factors such as environmental exposure, antibiotic overuse, C-section deliveries, limited breast-feeding, and diets poor in fibers and microbes could be associated with the rise of noncommunicable diseases such as overweight, obesity, diabetes, food allergies, and colorectal cancer as well as other conditions such as mental disorders. Microbial interventions that range from transplanting a whole undefined microbial community from a healthy gut to an ill one, e.g., so-called fecal microbiota transplantation or vaginal seeding, to the administration of selected well-characterized microbes, either live (probiotics) or not (postbiotics), with efficacy demonstrated in clinical trials, may be effective tools to treat or prevent acute and chronic diseases that humans still face, enhancing the quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Puntillo
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (CONICET-UNL), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina;
| | - Franco Segli
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Claude P Champagne
- Research and Development Centre of Saint-Hyacinthe, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.,Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Yves Raymond
- Research and Development Centre of Saint-Hyacinthe, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.,Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Gabriel Vinderola
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (CONICET-UNL), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina;
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gut Bifidobacterium responses to probiotic Lactobacillus casei Zhang administration vary between subjects from different geographic regions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:2665-2675. [PMID: 35318524 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11868-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are health-promoting human gut inhabitants, but accurate species-level composition of the gut bifidobacteria and their responses to probiotic intervention have not been fully explored. This was a follow-up work of our previous study, in which 104 volunteers from six different Asiatic regions (Singapore, Indonesia, Xinjiang, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Mongolia) were recruited. The gut microbiota and their responses towards Lactobacillus casei Zhang (LCZ) intervention were characterized (at days 0, 7, and 14; 14 days after stopping probiotic intake), and region-based differential responses were observed after LCZ intervention. This study further investigated changes in the species-level gut bifidobacteria by PacBio small-molecule real-time sequencing (SMRT) using bifidobacteria-specific primers. Firstly, this study found that Bifidobacterium adolescentis (42.58%) and Bifidobacterium breve (26.34%) were the core species across the six Asiatic regions. Secondly, principal coordinate analysis of probiotic-induced changes in the gut bifidobacterial microbiota (represented by weighted UniFrac distances) grouped the six regions into two clusters, namely northern (Xinjiang, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, and Mongolia) and southern (Singapore, Indonesia) regions. Thirdly, LCZ intervention induced region-based differential responses of gut bifidobacterial microbiota. The relative abundance of Bifidobacterium animalis in subjects from northern but not southern region substantially increased after LCZ intervention. Moreover, LCZ intervention significantly increased the weighted UniFrac distances in the southern but not northern subjects 7 days after LCZ intervention. The gut B. adolescentis correlated significantly and negatively with the weighted UniFrac distances of the baseline gut bifidobacterial microbiota in subjects of northern but not southern region, suggesting a possible homeostatic effect of LCZ on the gut bifidobacterial population of northern but not southern subjects. Collectively, our study found that probiotic-induced responses of the gut bifidobacterial microbiota varied with subjects' geographic origins, and B. adolescentis might play a role in maintaining the overall stability of the gut bifidobacterial population. KEY POINTS: • The core species in the six Asiatic regions are Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bifidobacterium breve. • The gut bifidobacterial microbiota in people from various geographic origins showed different responses on probiotic administration.
Collapse
|
39
|
Isolation and Characterization of Commensal Bifidobacteria Strains in Gut Microbiota of Neonates Born Preterm: A Prospective Longitudinal Study. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030654. [PMID: 35336229 PMCID: PMC8951322 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterial population dynamics were investigated using a longitudinal analysis of dominant species isolated from feces of neonates born preterm (singletons (n = 10), pairs of twins (n = 11)) from birth up to 16 months of age. We performed quantification, isolation, and identification of the dominant bifidobacteria strains. The genetic relationship of the isolates was investigated via pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) genotyping, and PCR was used to screen the specific genetic marker tet genes. Additionally, all of the isolated strains were phenotypically characterized by their response to gastro-intestinal stresses and the MIC determination of tetracycline. In the same individual, our results showed a turnover of the bifidobacteria dominant population not only at species but also at strain levels. In addition, we found clonally related strains between twins. A minority of strains were tolerant to gastric (6%) and intestinal (16%) stresses. Thirteen percent of the strains were resistant to tetracycline. This work is original as it provides insights at the strain level of the early life in vivo dynamics of gut microbiota bifidobacteria in preterm neonates. It highlights the need to take into consideration the fluctuation of bifidobacteria populations that may occur for one individual.
Collapse
|
40
|
Human milk oligosaccharide-sharing by a consortium of infant derived Bifidobacterium species. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4143. [PMID: 35264656 PMCID: PMC8907170 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07904-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are associated with a host of health benefits and are typically dominant in the gut microbiota of healthy, breast-fed infants. A key adaptation, facilitating the establishment of these species, is their ability to consume particular sugars, known as human milk oligosaccharides (HMO), which are abundantly found in breastmilk. In the current study, we aimed to characterise the co-operative metabolism of four commercial infant-derived bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium bifidum R0071, Bifidobacterium breve M-16V, Bifidobacterium infantis R0033, and Bifidobacterium infantis M-63) when grown on HMO. Three different HMO substrates (2'-fucosyllactose alone and oligosaccharides isolated from human milk representing non-secretor and secretor status) were employed. The four-strain combination resulted in increased bifidobacterial numbers (> 21%) in comparison to single strain cultivation. The relative abundance of B. breve increased by > 30% during co-cultivation with the other strains despite demonstrating limited ability to assimilate HMO in mono-culture. HPLC analysis revealed strain-level variations in HMO consumption. Metabolomics confirmed the production of formate, acetate, 1,2-propanediol, and lactate with an overall increase in such metabolites during co-cultivation. These results support the concept of positive co-operation between multiple bifidobacterial strains during HMO utilisation which may result in higher cell numbers and a potentially healthier balance of metabolites.
Collapse
|
41
|
Di Guglielmo MD, Franke KR, Robbins A, Crowgey EL. Impact of Early Feeding: Metagenomics Analysis of the Infant Gut Microbiome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:816601. [PMID: 35310842 PMCID: PMC8931315 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.816601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Different feeding regimens in infancy alter the gastrointestinal (gut) microbial environment. The fecal microbiota in turn influences gastrointestinal homeostasis including metabolism, immune function, and extra-/intra-intestinal signaling. Advances in next generation sequencing (NGS) have enhanced our ability to study the gut microbiome of breast-fed (BF) and formula-fed (FF) infants with a data-driven hypothesis approach. Methods Next generation sequencing libraries were constructed from fecal samples of BF (n=24) and FF (n=10) infants and sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 2500. Taxonomic classification of the NGS data was performed using the Sunbeam/Kraken pipeline and a functional analysis at the gene level was performed using publicly available algorithms, including BLAST, and custom scripts. Differentially represented genera, genes, and NCBI Clusters of Orthologous Genes (COG) were determined between cohorts using count data and R (statistical packages edgeR and DESeq2). Results Thirty-nine genera were found to be differentially represented between the BF and FF cohorts (FDR ≤ 0.01) including Parabacteroides, Enterococcus, Haemophilus, Gardnerella, and Staphylococcus. A Welch t-test of the Shannon diversity index for BF and FF samples approached significance (p=0.061). Bray-Curtis and Jaccard distance analyses demonstrated clustering and overlap in each analysis. Sixty COGs were significantly overrepresented and those most significantly represented in BF vs. FF samples showed dichotomy of categories representing gene functions. Over 1,700 genes were found to be differentially represented (abundance) between the BF and FF cohorts. Conclusions Fecal samples analyzed from BF and FF infants demonstrated differences in microbiota genera. The BF cohort includes greater presence of beneficial genus Bifidobacterium. Several genes were identified as present at different abundances between cohorts indicating differences in functional pathways such as cellular defense mechanisms and carbohydrate metabolism influenced by feeding. Confirmation of gene level NGS data via PCR and electrophoresis analysis revealed distinct differences in gene abundances associated with important biologic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Di Guglielmo
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children’s Health, Wilmington, DE, United States and Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Matthew D. Di Guglielmo,
| | - Karl R. Franke
- Biomedical Research Department, Nemours Children’s Health, Wilmington, DE, United States
| | - Alan Robbins
- Biomedical Research Department, Nemours Children’s Health, Wilmington, DE, United States
| | - Erin L. Crowgey
- Biomedical Research Department, Nemours Children’s Health, Wilmington, DE, United States
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Linehan K, Dempsey EM, Ryan CA, Ross RP, Stanton C. First encounters of the microbial kind: perinatal factors direct infant gut microbiome establishment. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2022; 1:10. [PMID: 38045649 PMCID: PMC10688792 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2021.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome harbors a diverse range of microbes that play a fundamental role in the health and well-being of their host. The early-life microbiome has a major influence on human development and long-term health. Perinatal factors such as maternal nutrition, antibiotic use, gestational age and mode of delivery influence the initial colonization, development, and function of the neonatal gut microbiome. The perturbed early-life gut microbiome predisposes infants to diseases in early and later life. Understanding how perinatal factors guide and shape the composition of the early-life microbiome is essential to improving infant health. The following review provides a synopsis of perinatal factors with the most decisive influences on initial microbial colonization of the infant gut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Linehan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork P61 C996, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Lee Maltings, Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - Eugene M. Dempsey
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Lee Maltings, Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health and INFANT Centre, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - C. Anthony Ryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Lee Maltings, Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health and INFANT Centre, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - R. Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Lee Maltings, Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork P61 C996, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Lee Maltings, Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Vacca M, Raspini B, Calabrese FM, Porri D, De Giuseppe R, Chieppa M, Liso M, Cerbo RM, Civardi E, Garofoli F, Cena H, De Angelis M. The establishment of the gut microbiota in 1-year-aged infants: from birth to family food. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2517-2530. [PMID: 35211851 PMCID: PMC9279275 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02822-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose With the aim of characterizing the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota and contextually determine how different prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors affected its composition in early childhood, infants were enrolled in a longitudinal-prospective study named “A.MA.MI.” (Alimentazione MAmma e bambino nei primi MIlle giorni; NCT04122612, October 2019). Methods Forty-five fecal samples were collected at 12 months of infants’ age, identified as the 3rd follow-up (T3). The evaluated variables were pre-gestational weight and weight gain during pregnancy, delivery mode, feeding, timing of weaning, and presence/absence of older siblings. Fecal alpha and beta-diversities were analyzed. Noteworthy, to determine the impact of the influencing factors, multivariate analyses were conducted. Results At T3, all prenatal and perinatal variables did not result to be significant whereas, among the postnatal variables, type of milk-feeding and weaning showed the greatest contribution in shaping the microbiota. Although aged 1 year, infants exclusively breastfed until 6 months were mainly colonized by Lactobacillaceae and Enterobacteriaceae. Differently, Bacteroidaceae characterized the microbiota of infants that were never breastfed in an exclusive way. Moreover, although an early introduction of solid foods determined higher values of Faith’s PD, high abundances of Ruminococcaceae and Faecalibacterium mainly associated with infants weaned after the 4th month of age. Conclusion The microbial colonization during the first year of life is likely affected by a simultaneous effect of multiple variables playing a significant role at different times. Therefore, these data contribute to add evidence concerning the complex multifactorial interaction between GI microbiota and various stimuli affecting infants during the early stages of life. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-022-02822-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Vacca
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Benedetta Raspini
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Debora Porri
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Rachele De Giuseppe
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marcello Chieppa
- Institute of Research, National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Marina Liso
- Institute of Research, National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Cerbo
- Neonatal Unit and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Civardi
- Neonatal Unit and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Garofoli
- Neonatal Unit and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Hellas Cena
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. .,Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Moore RE, Thomas HC, Manning SD, Gaddy JA, Townsend SD. Galacto-Oligosaccharide Supplementation Modulates Pathogen-Commensal Competition between Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus salivarius. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202100559. [PMID: 34788501 PMCID: PMC9197176 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The members of the infant microbiome are governed by feeding method (breastmilk vs. formula). Regardless of the source of nutrition, a competitive growth advantage can be provided to commensals through prebiotics - either human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) or plant oligosaccharides that are supplemented into formula. To characterize how prebiotics modulate commensal - pathogen interactions, we have designed and studied a minimal microbiome where a pathogen, Streptococcus agalactiae engages with a commensal, Streptococcus salivarius. We discovered that while S. agalactiae suppresses the growth of S. salivarius via increased lactic acid production, galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) supplementation reverses the effect. This result has major implications in characterizing how single species survive in the gut, what niche they occupy, and how they engage with other community members.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E. Moore
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Harrison C. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States,Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - Shannon D. Manning
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 United States
| | - Jennifer A. Gaddy
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare Systems, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States,
| | - Steven D. Townsend
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States,Corresponding Authors
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kong C, Akkerman R, Klostermann CE, Beukema M, Oerlemans MMP, Schols HA, de Vos P. Distinct fermentation of human milk oligosaccharides 3-FL and LNT2 and GOS/inulin by infant gut microbiota and impact on adhesion of Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 to gut epithelial cells. Food Funct 2021; 12:12513-12525. [PMID: 34811557 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02563e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (hMOs) are unique bioactive components in human milk. 3-Fucosyllactose (3-FL) is an abundantly present hMO that can be produced in sufficient amounts to allow application in infant formula. Lacto-N-triaose II (LNT2) can be obtained by acid hydrolysis of lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT). Both 3-FL and LNT2 have been shown to have health benefits, but their impact on infant microbiota composition and microbial metabolic products such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) is unknown. To gain more insight in fermentability, we performed in vitro fermentation studies of 3-FL and LNT2 using pooled fecal microbiota from 12-week-old infants. The commonly investigated galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS)/inulin (9 : 1) served as control. Compared to GOS/inulin, we observed a delayed utilization of 3-FL, which was utilized at 60.3% after 36 h of fermentation, and induced the gradual production of acetic acid and lactic acid. 3-FL specifically enriched bacteria of Bacteroides and Enterococcus genus. LNT2 was fermented much faster. After 14 h of fermentation, 90.1% was already utilized, and production of acetic acid, succinic acid, lactic acid and butyric acid was observed. LNT2 specifically increased the abundance of Collinsella, as well as Bifidobacterium. The GOS present in the GOS/inulin mixture was completely fermented after 14 h, while for inulin, only low DP was rapidly utilized after 14 h. To determine whether the fermentation might lead to enhanced colonization of commensal bacteria to gut epithelial cells, we investigated adhesion of the commensal Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 to Caco-2 cells. The fermentation digesta of LNT2 collected after 14 h, 24 h, and 36 h, and GOS/inulin after 24 h of fermentation significantly increased the adhesion of L. plantarum WCFS1 to Caco-2 cells, while 3-FL had no such effect. Our findings illustrate that fermentation of hMOs is very structure-dependent and different from the commonly applied GOS/inulin, which might lead to differential potencies to stimulate adhesion of commensal cells to gut epithelium and consequent microbial colonization. This knowledge might contribute to the design of tailored infant formulas containing specific hMO molecules to meet the need of infants during the transition from breastfeeding to formula.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Kong
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China. .,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Renate Akkerman
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cynthia E Klostermann
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Beukema
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein M P Oerlemans
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk A Schols
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Esteban-Torres M, Ruiz L, Lugli GA, Ventura M, Margolles A, van Sinderen D. Editorial: Role of Bifidobacteria in Human and Animal Health and Biotechnological Applications. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:785664. [PMID: 34819928 PMCID: PMC8607305 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.785664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Esteban-Torres
- School of Microbiology, APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Lorena Ruiz
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Dairy Products of Asturias, IPLA-CSIC, Villaviciosa, Spain.,Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes (MicroHealth) Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Gabriele Andrea Lugli
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Abelardo Margolles
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Dairy Products of Asturias, IPLA-CSIC, Villaviciosa, Spain.,Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes (MicroHealth) Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- School of Microbiology, APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sun Y, Xie R, Li L, Jin G, Zhou B, Huang H, Li M, Yang Y, Liu X, Cao X, Wang B, Liu W, Jiang K, Cao H. Prenatal Maternal Stress Exacerbates Experimental Colitis of Offspring in Adulthood. Front Immunol 2021; 12:700995. [PMID: 34804005 PMCID: PMC8595204 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.700995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing worldwide and correlates with dysregulated immune response because of gut microbiota dysbiosis. Some adverse early life events influence the establishment of the gut microbiota and act as risk factors for IBD. Prenatal maternal stress (PNMS) induces gut dysbiosis and perturbs the neuroimmune network of offspring. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether PNMS increases the susceptibility of offspring to colitis in adulthood. The related index was assessed during the weaning period and adulthood. We found that PNMS impaired the intestinal epithelial cell proliferation, goblet cell and Paneth cell differentiation, and mucosal barrier function in 3-week-old offspring. PNMS induced low-grade intestinal inflammation, but no signs of microscopic inflammatory changes were observed. Although there was no pronounced difference between the PNMS and control offspring in terms of their overall measures of alpha diversity for the gut microbiota, distinct microbial community changes characterized by increases in Desulfovibrio, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus and decreases in Bifidobacterium and Blautia were induced in the 3-week-old PNMS offspring. Notably, the overgrowth of Desulfovibrio persisted from the weaning period to adulthood, consistent with the results observed using fluorescence in situ hybridization in the colon mucosa. Mechanistically, the fecal microbiota transplantation experiment showed that the gut microbiota from the PNMS group impaired the intestinal barrier function and induced low-grade inflammation. The fecal bacterial solution from the PNMS group was more potent than that from the control group in inducing inflammation and gut barrier disruption in CaCo-2 cells. After treatment with a TNF-α inhibitor (adalimumab), no statistical difference in the indicators of inflammation and intestinal barrier function was observed between the two groups. Finally, exposure to PNMS remarkably increased the values of the histopathological parameters and the inflammatory cytokine production in a mouse model of experimental colitis in adulthood. These findings suggest that PNMS can inhibit intestinal development, impair the barrier function, and cause gut dysbiosis characterized by the persistent overgrowth of Desulfovibrio in the offspring, resulting in exacerbated experimental colitis in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Runxiang Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Ge Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Bingqian Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengfan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunwei Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaocang Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Wentian Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Kui Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Hailong Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Phylogenetic classification of ten novel species belonging to the genus Bifidobacterium comprising B. phasiani sp. nov., B. pongonis sp. nov., B. saguinibicoloris sp. nov., B. colobi sp. nov., B. simiiventris sp. nov., B. santillanense sp. nov., B. miconis sp. nov., B. amazonense sp. nov., B. pluvialisilvae sp. nov., and B. miconisargentati sp. nov. Syst Appl Microbiol 2021; 44:126273. [PMID: 34715437 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2021.126273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ten Bifidobacterium strains, i.e., 6T3, 64T4, 79T10, 80T4, 81T8, 82T1, 82T10, 82T18, 82T24, and 82T25, were isolated from mantled guereza (Colobus guereza), Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abeli), silvery marmoset (Mico argentatus), golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia), pied tamarin (Saguinus bicolor), and common pheasant (Phaisanus colchinus). Cells are Gram-positive, non-motile, non-sporulating, facultative anaerobic, and fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive. Phylogenetic analyses based on the core genome sequences revealed that isolated strains exhibit close phylogenetic relatedness with Bifidobacterium genus members belonging to the Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pullorum, and Bifidobacterium tissieri phylogenetic groups. Phenotypic characterization and genotyping based on the genome sequences clearly show that these strains are distinct from each of the type strains of the so far recognized Bifidobacterium species. Thus, B. phasiani sp. nov. (6T3 = LMG 32224T = DSM 112544T), B. pongonis sp. nov. (64T4 = LMG 32281T = DSM 112547T), B. saguinibicoloris sp. nov. (79T10 = LMG 32232T = DSM 112543T), B. colobi sp. nov. (80T4 = LMG 32225T = DSM 112552T), B. simiiventris sp. nov. (81T8 = LMG 32226T = DSM 112549T), B. santillanense sp. nov. (82T1 = LMG 32284T = DSM 112550T), B. miconis sp. nov. (82T10 = LMG 32282T = DSM 112551T), B. amazonense sp. nov. (82T18 = LMG 32297T = DSM 112548T), pluvialisilvae sp. nov. (82T24 = LMG 32229T = DSM 112545T), and B. miconisargentati sp. nov. (82T25 = LMG 32283T = DSM 112546T) are proposed as novel Bifidobacterium species.
Collapse
|
49
|
Fontana F, Mancabelli L, Lugli GA, Taracchini C, Alessandri G, Longhi G, Anzalone R, Viappiani A, Famo R, Brognan M, Micondo KH, Turroni F, Ventura M, D'Alfonso R, Milani C. Investigating the infant gut microbiota in developing countries: worldwide metagenomic meta-analysis involving infants living in sub-urban areas of Côte d'Ivoire. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2021; 13:626-636. [PMID: 34152069 PMCID: PMC8518733 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, infants' gut microbiota has aroused constant scientific interest, primarily due to early- and long-term repercussions on the host health. In this context, nutritional challenges such as those found in less developed countries can influence infants' gut microbiota development, thus generating potentially critical health outcomes. However, comprehensive investigations regarding species-level differences in the infant gut microbiota's composition between urbanized and rural countries are still missing. In this study, 16S rRNA and Shallow Shotgun metagenomics sequencing were exploited to dissect the microbial community's species-level composition of 11 faecal samples collected from infants living in a semi-urban area of Sub-Saharan Africa, i.e. Côte d'Ivoire. Moreover, the generated data were coupled with those retrieved from public available metagenomic repositories, including two rural communities and 13 urban communities of industrialized countries. The meta-analysis led to the identification of Infant Species Community States Type (ISCSTs) and microbial species covariances, which were exploited to reveal key signatures of infants living in rural and semi-urban societies. Remarkably, analysis of rural and semi-urban datasets revealed shifts from ISCSTs prevalent in urbanized populations with putative health implications. Thus, indicating the need for population-wide investigations aimed to define the factors determining such potentially harmful gut microbial communities' signatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Fontana
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental SustainabilityUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
- GenProbio srlParmaItaly
| | - Leonardo Mancabelli
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental SustainabilityUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Gabriele Andrea Lugli
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental SustainabilityUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Chiara Taracchini
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental SustainabilityUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Giulia Alessandri
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental SustainabilityUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Giulia Longhi
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental SustainabilityUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
- GenProbio srlParmaItaly
| | | | | | - Roch Famo
- Centre Médical Don Orione AnyamaAnyamaCôte d'Ivoire
| | - Marc Brognan
- Centre Médical Don Orione AnyamaAnyamaCôte d'Ivoire
| | | | - Francesca Turroni
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental SustainabilityUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
- Microbiome Research HubUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental SustainabilityUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
- Microbiome Research HubUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Rossella D'Alfonso
- Centre Médical Don Orione AnyamaAnyamaCôte d'Ivoire
- Pediatric Service of Hospital Military D'AbidjanAbidjanCôte d'Ivoire
- Department of Systems MedicineUniversity of Rome Tor VergataRomeItaly
| | - Christian Milani
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental SustainabilityUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
- Microbiome Research HubUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Widodo AD. How Gut Microbiota Supports Immunity, Growth and Development of Preterm Infants: A Narrative Review. AMERTA NUTRITION 2021. [DOI: 10.20473/amnt.v5i1sp.2021.14-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACTBackground: Gut microbiota, a complex ecosystem consisting of abundant microorganisms, plays a role in preterm infants’ immunity, growth, and development. Dysbiosis or disruption of the gut microbiota can precipitate various diseases, such as allergy or autoimmune disorders in premature infants. Purpose: This study aimed to review gut microbiota in preterm infants and its role in supporting the infants’ immunity, growth, and development. Discussion: Bifidobactericeae is the predominant microbiota in GI tract of preterm infants. However, various factors can influence this gut microbiota e.g., genetics, lifestyle of the mothers (smoking, diet, use of antibiotic, obesity), birth mode, type of feeding, and environmental factors. Gut dysbiosis can result in impaired immune system which predisposes the preterm infants to infections, even fatal adverse event. Furthermore, the growth and development might be affected as well as lead to various neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Human milk is a prebiotic source which can stimulate the growth of Baifidobactericeae and Bacteroidetes. If the human milk is inadequate or unavailable, the recommended interventions for gut dysbiosis in premature infants are probiotics, prebiotics, or both supplementations (synbiotics). The administration of prebiotics and probiotics associates with lower morbidity and death rates in preterm infants, as well as shorter duration of hospital stay and duration to achieve full enteral feeding. Conclusions: Immunity as well as growth and development of preterm infants are affected greatly by gut microbiota The less diverse microbiota in preterm infants’ gut predispose them to various health problems. Hence, this problem should be managed properly, one of which is prebiotic and probiotic supplementation Keywords: Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Premature, Immunity, Growth, Development
Collapse
|