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Pereira AC, Saraiva A, Oliva-Teles L, Guimarães L, Carvalho AP. Ecotoxicological Effects of Potassium Dichromate on the Tadpole Shrimp Triops longicaudatus. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:358. [PMID: 38338000 PMCID: PMC10854805 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The tadpole shrimp Triops longicaudatus is a freshwater crustacean with fast embryonic and larval development, short life cycle, and high fecundity. They are very active swimmers of a reasonable size, easy to spot and record. Such characteristics make it a promising candidate as an experimental model in ecotoxicology to evaluate the effects of aquatic pollutants, particularly using its locomotor behavior as an endpoint. To evaluate the sensitivity of T. longicaudatus and develop endpoints of interest, we conducted exposure experiments with lethal and sub-lethal concentrations of potassium dichromate, a compound known for its ecotoxicological importance and as a hexavalent chromium source. The endpoints evaluated were mortality, growth, sexual maturation, reproductive output, cholinesterase activity and locomotor/swimming behavior. The 96 h median lethal concentration was found to be 65 µg/L. Furthermore, exposure to potassium dichromate at higher concentrations had a significant negative impact on the growth rate of T. longicaudatus in terms of both body mass and length. The time for maturation was also delayed at higher concentrations. In addition, locomotor behavior allowed for the discrimination of all tested chromium concentrations and the control group and from each other, proving to be the most sensitive endpoint. Overall, the data support the potential of T. longicaudatus as a model for ecotoxicity testing, using apical endpoints with impact at the population level; in particular, results suggest that behavior assessments in this species might be useful for detecting hazardous compounds in environmental monitoring of freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Carido Pereira
- CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (A.C.P.); (A.S.); (L.O.-T.)
- Biology Department, FCUP—Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Aurélia Saraiva
- CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (A.C.P.); (A.S.); (L.O.-T.)
- Biology Department, FCUP—Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Oliva-Teles
- CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (A.C.P.); (A.S.); (L.O.-T.)
- Biology Department, FCUP—Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Laura Guimarães
- CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (A.C.P.); (A.S.); (L.O.-T.)
- Biology Department, FCUP—Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - António Paulo Carvalho
- CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (A.C.P.); (A.S.); (L.O.-T.)
- Biology Department, FCUP—Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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2
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Wang B, Zhou X, Kettenbach AN, Mitchell HD, Markillie LM, Loros JJ, Dunlap JC. A crucial role for dynamic expression of components encoding the negative arm of the circadian clock. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3371. [PMID: 37291101 PMCID: PMC10250352 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38817-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the Neurospora circadian system, the White Collar Complex (WCC) drives expression of the principal circadian negative arm component frequency (frq). FRQ interacts with FRH (FRQ-interacting RNA helicase) and CKI, forming a stable complex that represses its own expression by inhibiting WCC. In this study, a genetic screen identified a gene, designated as brd-8, that encodes a conserved auxiliary subunit of the NuA4 histone acetylation complex. Loss of brd-8 reduces H4 acetylation and RNA polymerase (Pol) II occupancy at frq and other known circadian genes, and leads to a long circadian period, delayed phase, and defective overt circadian output at some temperatures. In addition to strongly associating with the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex, BRD-8 is also found complexed with the transcription elongation regulator BYE-1. Expression of brd-8, bye-1, histone h2a.z, and several NuA4 subunits is controlled by the circadian clock, indicating that the molecular clock both regulates the basic chromatin status and is regulated by changes in chromatin. Taken together, our data identify auxiliary elements of the fungal NuA4 complex having homology to mammalian components, which along with conventional NuA4 subunits, are required for timely and dynamic frq expression and thereby a normal and persistent circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Arminja N Kettenbach
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Hugh D Mitchell
- Biological Sciences Divisions, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Lye Meng Markillie
- Biological Sciences Divisions, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Jennifer J Loros
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Jay C Dunlap
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
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3
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Wang B, Zhou X, Kettenbach AN, Mitchell HD, Markillie LM, Loros JJ, Dunlap JC. A crucial role for dynamic expression of components encoding the negative arm of the circadian clock. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.24.538162. [PMID: 37162945 PMCID: PMC10168201 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.24.538162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In the Neurospora circadian system, the White Collar Complex (WCC) drives expression of the principal circadian negative arm component frequency ( frq ). FRQ interacts with FRH (FRQ-interacting helicase) and CK-1 forming a stable complex that represses its own expression by inhibiting WCC. In this study, a genetic screen identified a gene, designated as brd-8 , that encodes a conserved auxiliary subunit of the NuA4 histone acetylation complex. Loss of brd-8 reduces H4 acetylation and RNA polymerase (Pol) II occupancy at frq and other known circadian genes, and leads to a long circadian period, delayed phase, and defective overt circadian output at some temperatures. In addition to strongly associating with the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex, BRD-8 is also found complexed with the transcription elongation regulator BYE-1. Expression of brd-8, bye-1, histone hH2Az , and several NuA4 subunits is controlled by the circadian clock, indicating that the molecular clock both regulates the basic chromatin status and is regulated by changes in chromatin. Taken together, our data identify new auxiliary elements of the fungal NuA4 complex having homology to mammalian components, which along with conventional NuA4 subunits, are required for timely and dynamic frq expression and thereby a normal and persistent circadian rhythm.
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4
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Buenhombre J, Daza-Cardona EA, Sousa P, Gouveia A. Different influences of anxiety models, environmental enrichment, standard conditions and intraspecies variation (sex, personality and strain) on stress and quality of life in adult and juvenile zebrafish: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:765-791. [PMID: 34592257 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antagonist and long-lasting environmental manipulations (EM) have successfully induced or reduced the stress responses and quality of life of zebrafish. For instance, environmental enrichment (EE) generally reduces anxiety-related behaviours and improves immunity, while unpredictable chronic stress (UCS) and aquarium-related stressors generate the opposite effects. However, there is an absence of consistency in outcomes for some EM, such as acute exposure to stressors, social enrichment and some items of structural enrichment. Therefore, considering intraspecies variation (sex, personality, and strain), increasing intervention complexity while improving standardisation of protocols and contemplating the possibility that EE may act as a mild stressor on a spectrum between too much (UCS) and too little (standard conditions) stress intensity or stimulation, would reduce the inconsistencies of these outcomes. It would also help explore the mechanism behind stress resilience and to standardise EM protocols. Thus, this review critically analyses and compares knowledge existing over the last decade concerning environmental manipulations for zebrafish and the influences that sex, strain, and personality may have on behavioural, physiological, and fitness-related responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhon Buenhombre
- ICB Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Correa 01, Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | | | - Pêssi Sousa
- ICB Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Correa 01, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Amauri Gouveia
- ICB Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Correa 01, Belém, PA, Brazil
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5
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Fitzgerald JA, Könemann S, Krümpelmann L, Županič A, Vom Berg C. Approaches to Test the Neurotoxicity of Environmental Contaminants in the Zebrafish Model: From Behavior to Molecular Mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:989-1006. [PMID: 33270929 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of neuroactive chemicals in the aquatic environment is on the rise and poses a potential threat to aquatic biota of currently unpredictable outcome. In particular, subtle changes caused by these chemicals to an organism's sensation or behavior are difficult to tackle with current test systems that focus on rodents or with in vitro test systems that omit whole-animal responses. In recent years, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become a popular model organism for toxicological studies and testing strategies, such as the standardized use of zebrafish early life stages in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's guideline 236. In terms of neurotoxicity, the zebrafish provides a powerful model to investigate changes to the nervous system from several different angles, offering the ability to tackle the mechanisms of action of chemicals in detail. The mechanistic understanding gained through the analysis of this model species provides a good basic knowledge of how neuroactive chemicals might interact with a teleost nervous system. Such information can help infer potential effects occurring to other species exposed to neuroactive chemicals in their aquatic environment and predicting potential risks of a chemical for the aquatic ecosystem. In the present article, we highlight approaches ranging from behavioral to structural, functional, and molecular analysis of the larval zebrafish nervous system, providing a holistic view of potential neurotoxic outcomes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:989-1006. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Fitzgerald
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Könemann
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- EPF Lausanne, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura Krümpelmann
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anže Županič
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Colette Vom Berg
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Navarro-Martín L, Martyniuk CJ, Mennigen JA. Comparative epigenetics in animal physiology: An emerging frontier. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2020; 36:100745. [PMID: 33126028 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2020.100745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The unprecedented access to annotated genomes now facilitates the investigation of the molecular basis of epigenetic phenomena in phenotypically diverse animals. In this critical review, we describe the roles of molecular epigenetic mechanisms in regulating mitotically and meiotically stable spatiotemporal gene expression, phenomena that provide the molecular foundation for the intra-, inter-, and trans-generational emergence of physiological phenotypes. By focusing principally on emerging comparative epigenetic roles of DNA-level and transcriptome-level epigenetic mark dynamics in the emergence of phenotypes, we highlight the relationship between evolutionary conservation and innovation of specific epigenetic pathways, and their interplay as a priority for future study. This comparative approach is expected to significantly advance our understanding of epigenetic phenomena, as animals show a diverse array of strategies to epigenetically modify physiological responses. Additionally, we review recent technological advances in the field of molecular epigenetics (single-cell epigenomics and transcriptomics and editing of epigenetic marks) in order to (1) investigate environmental and endogenous factor dependent epigenetic mark dynamics in an integrative manner; (2) functionally test the contribution of specific epigenetic marks for animal phenotypes via genome and transcript-editing tools. Finally, we describe advantages and limitations of emerging animal models, which under the Krogh principle, may be particularly useful in the advancement of comparative epigenomics and its potential translational applications in animal science, ecotoxicology, ecophysiology, climate change science and wild-life conservation, as well as organismal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Navarro-Martín
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya 08034, Spain.
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jan A Mennigen
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N6N5, Canada
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7
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Rapid Effects of Selection on Brain-wide Activity and Behavior. Curr Biol 2020; 30:3647-3656.e3. [PMID: 32763165 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Interindividual variation in behavior and brain activity is universal and provides substrates for natural selection [1-9]. Selective pressures shift the expression of behavioral traits at the population level [10, 11], but the accompanying changes of the underlying neural circuitry have rarely been identified [12, 13]. Selection likely acts through the genetic and/or epigenetic underpinnings of neural activity controlling the selected behavior [14]. Endocrine and neuromodulatory systems participate in behavioral diversity and could provide the substrate for evolutionary modifications [15-21]. Here, we examined brain-wide patterns of activity in larval zebrafish selectively bred over two generations for extreme differences in habituation of the acoustic startle response (ASR) [22]. The ASR is an evolutionarily conserved defensive behavior induced by strong acoustic/vibrational stimuli. ASR habituation shows great individual variability that is stable over days and heritable [4, 22]. Selection for high ASR habituation leads to stronger sound-evoked activation of ASR-processing brain areas. In contrast, animals selected for low habituation displayed stronger spontaneous activity in ASR-processing centers. Ablation of dopaminergic tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) neurons decreased ASR sensitivity. Independently selected ASR habituation lineages link the effect of behavioral selection to dopaminergic caudal hypothalamus (HC) neurons [23]. High ASR habituation co-segregated with decreased spontaneous swimming phenotypes, but visual startle responses were unaffected. Furthermore, high- and low-habituation larvae differed in stress responses as adults. Thus, selective pressure over a couple of generations on ASR habituation behavior is able to induce substantial differences in brain activity, carrying along additional behaviors as piggyback traits that might further affect fitness in the wild. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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8
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Wang XH, Souders CL, Xavier P, Li XY, Yan B, Martyniuk CJ. The pyrethroid esfenvalerate induces hypoactivity and decreases dopamine transporter expression in embryonic/larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 243:125416. [PMID: 31995874 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Esfenvalerate is a pyrethroid insecticide used widely for agricultural and residential applications. This insecticide has been detected in aquatic environments at concentrations that can induce sub-lethal effects in organisms. In this study, zebrafish embryos were used to examine the effects of environmentally-relevant concentrations of esfenvalerate on development and behavior. It was hypothesized that esfenvalerate exposure would impair locomotion due to its effects on the central nervous system. We also measured mitochondrial bioenergetics and the expression of genes (dopamine system) as putative mechanisms of locomotor impairment. Concentrations of 0.02, 0.2 and 2 μg/L esfenvalerate did not induce significant mortality nor deformity in zebrafish, but there was an acceleration in hatching time for zebrafish exposed to 2 μg/L esfenvalerate. As an indicator of neurotoxicity, the Visual Motor Response (VMR) test was conducted with 5, 6, and 7 dpf zebrafish after continuous exposure, and higher concentrations were used (4 and 8 μg/L esfenvalerate) to better discern age-and dose dependent responses in behavior. Experiments revealed that, unlike the other stages, 6 dpf larvae showed evidence for hypo-activity with esfenvalerate, suggesting that different stages of larval development may show increased sensitivity to pyrethroid exposure. This may be related to age-dependent maturation of the central nervous system. We hypothesized that reduced larval activity may be associated with impaired production of ATP and the function of mitochondria at earlier life stages, however dramatic alterations in oxidative phosphorylation were not observed. Based on evidence that dopamine regulates behavior and studies showing that other pyrethroids affect dopamine system, we measured transcripts involved in dopaminergic signaling. We found that dopamine active transporter was down-regulated with 0.2 μg/L esfenvalerate. Lastly, we comprehensively summarize the current literature (>20 studies) regarding the toxicity of pyrethroids in zebrafish, which is a valuable resource to those studying these pesticides. This study demonstrates that esfenvalerate at environmentally-relevant levels induces hypoactivity that are dependent upon the age of the zebrafish, and these behavioral changes are hypothesized to be related to impaired dopamine signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao H Wang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, UF Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Christopher L Souders
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, UF Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Priscilla Xavier
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, UF Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Xiao Y Li
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, UF Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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9
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Demin KA, Lakstygal AM, Volgin AD, de Abreu MS, Genario R, Alpyshov ET, Serikuly N, Wang D, Wang J, Yan D, Wang M, Yang L, Hu G, Bytov M, Zabegalov KN, Zhdanov A, Harvey BH, Costa F, Rosemberg DB, Leonard BE, Fontana BD, Cleal M, Parker MO, Wang J, Song C, Amstislavskaya TG, Kalueff AV. Cross-species Analyses of Intra-species Behavioral Differences in Mammals and Fish. Neuroscience 2020; 429:33-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Balasubramanian S, Raghunath A, Perumal E. Role of epigenetics in zebrafish development. Gene 2019; 718:144049. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Emergence of consistent intra-individual locomotor patterns during zebrafish development. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13647. [PMID: 31541136 PMCID: PMC6754443 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49614-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of larval zebrafish locomotor behavior has emerged as a powerful indicator of perturbations in the nervous system and is used in many fields of research, including neuroscience, toxicology and drug discovery. The behavior of larval zebrafish however, is highly variable, resulting in the use of large numbers of animals and the inability to detect small effects. In this study, we analyzed whether individual locomotor behavior is stable over development and whether behavioral parameters correlate with physiological and morphological features, with the aim of better understanding the variability and predictability of larval locomotor behavior. Our results reveal that locomotor activity of an individual larva remains consistent throughout a given day and is predictable throughout larval development, especially during dark phases, under which larvae demonstrate light-searching behaviors and increased activity. The larvae’s response to startle-stimuli was found to be unpredictable, with no correlation found between response strength and locomotor activity. Furthermore, locomotor activity was not associated with physiological or morphological features of a larva (resting heart rate, body length, size of the swim bladder). Overall, our findings highlight the areas of intra-individual consistency, which could be used to improve the sensitivity of assays using zebrafish locomotor activity as an endpoint.
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12
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Fellous A, Earley RL, Silvestre F. Identification and expression of mangrove rivulus (Kryptolebias marmoratus) histone deacetylase (HDAC) and lysine acetyltransferase (KAT) genes. Gene 2019; 691:56-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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13
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Cortijo S, Aydin Z, Ahnert S, Locke JC. Widespread inter-individual gene expression variability in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol Syst Biol 2019; 15:e8591. [PMID: 30679203 PMCID: PMC6346214 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20188591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental question in biology is how gene expression is regulated to give rise to a phenotype. However, transcriptional variability is rarely considered although it could influence the relationship between genotype and phenotype. It is known in unicellular organisms that gene expression is often noisy rather than uniform, and this has been proposed to be beneficial when environmental conditions are unpredictable. However, little is known about inter-individual transcriptional variability in multicellular organisms. Using transcriptomic approaches, we analysed gene expression variability between individual Arabidopsis thaliana plants growing in identical conditions over a 24-h time course. We identified hundreds of genes that exhibit high inter-individual variability and found that many are involved in environmental responses, with different classes of genes variable between the day and night. We also identified factors that might facilitate gene expression variability, such as gene length, the number of transcription factors regulating the genes and the chromatin environment. These results shed new light on the impact of transcriptional variability in gene expression regulation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Cortijo
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zeynep Aydin
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sebastian Ahnert
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James Cw Locke
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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14
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Brain evolution in social insects: advocating for the comparative approach. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2019; 205:13-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s00359-019-01315-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Volgin AD, Yakovlev OV, Demin KA, Abreu MSD, Rosemberg DB, Meshalkina DA, Alekseeva PA, Friend AJ, Amstislavskaya TG, Kalueff AV. Understanding the Role of Environmental Enrichment in Zebrafish Neurobehavioral Models. Zebrafish 2018; 15:425-432. [PMID: 30133416 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2018.1592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental stimuli are critical in preclinical research that utilizes laboratory animals to model human brain disorders. The main goal of environmental enrichment (EE) is to provide laboratory animals with better choice of activity and greater control over social and spatial stressors. Thus, in addition to being a useful experimental tool, EE becomes an important strategy for increasing the validity and reproducibility of preclinical data. Although zebrafish (Danio rerio) is rapidly becoming a promising new organism for neuroscience research, the role of EE in zebrafish central nervous system (CNS) models remains poorly understood. Here we discuss EE in preclinical studies using zebrafish and its influence on brain physiology and behavior. Improving our understanding of EE effects in this organism may enhance zebrafish data validity and reliability. Paralleling rodent EE data, mounting evidence suggests the growing importance of EE in zebrafish neurobehavioral models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey D Volgin
- 1 Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University , St. Petersburg, Russia .,2 Almazov National Medical Research Centre , St. Petersburg, Russia .,3 Military Medical Academy , St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Oleg V Yakovlev
- 1 Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University , St. Petersburg, Russia .,2 Almazov National Medical Research Centre , St. Petersburg, Russia .,3 Military Medical Academy , St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Konstantin A Demin
- 1 Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University , St. Petersburg, Russia .,2 Almazov National Medical Research Centre , St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Murilo S de Abreu
- 4 Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo (UPF) , Passo Fundo, Brazil .,5 Postgraduate Programs in Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) , Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Denis B Rosemberg
- 5 Postgraduate Programs in Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) , Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Darya A Meshalkina
- 1 Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University , St. Petersburg, Russia .,2 Almazov National Medical Research Centre , St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Ashton J Friend
- 6 Tulane University School of Science and Engineering , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Tamara G Amstislavskaya
- 7 Laboratory of Translational Biopsychiatry, Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine , Novosibirsk, Russia .,8 The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC) , Slidell, Louisiana
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- 8 The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC) , Slidell, Louisiana.,9 Ural Federal University , Ekaterinburg, Russia .,10 School of Pharmacy, Southwest University , Chongqing, China .,11 ZENEREI Research Center , Slidell, Louisiana.,12 Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University , St. Petersburg, Russia .,13 Institute of Experimental Medicine , Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia .,14 Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine , Novosibirsk, Russia .,15 Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation , St. Petersburg, Russia
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