1
|
Huaman JL, Pacioni C, Doyle M, Forsyth DM, Helbig KJ, Carvalho TG. Evidence of Australian wild deer exposure to N. caninum infection and potential implications for the maintenance of N. caninum sylvatic cycle. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:153. [PMID: 37705000 PMCID: PMC10498561 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03712-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections with the coccidian parasite Neospora caninum affect domestic and wild animals worldwide. In Australia, N. caninum infections cause considerable losses to the cattle industry with seroprevalence of 8.7% in beef and 10.9% in dairy cattle. Conversely, the role of wild animals, in maintaining the parasite cycle is also unclear. It is possible that native or introduced herbivorous species could be reservoir hosts of N. caninum in Australia, but to date, this has not been investigated. We report here the first large-scale screening of N. caninum antibodies in Australian wild deer, spanning three species (fallow, red and sambar deer). Consequently, we also assessed two commercial cELISA tests validated for detecting N. caninum in cattle for their ability to detect N. caninum antibodies in serum samples of wild deer. N. caninum antibodies were detected in 3.7% (7/189, 95% CI 1.8 - 7.45) of the wild deer serum samples collected in south-eastern Australia (n = 189), including 97 fallow deer (Dama dama), 14 red deer (Cervus elaphus), and 78 sambar deer (Rusa unicolor). Overall, our study provides the first detection of N. caninum antibodies in wild deer and quantifies deer's potential role in the sylvatic cycle of N. caninum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Huaman
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Carlo Pacioni
- Department of Environment, Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Land, Water and Planning, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mark Doyle
- South East Local Land Services, Bega, NSW, Australia
| | - David M Forsyth
- Department of Primary Industries, Vertebrate Pest Research Unit, NSW, Orange Agricultural Institute, Orange, NSW, Australia
| | - Karla J Helbig
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Teresa G Carvalho
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dead or Alive? A Review of Perinatal Factors That Determine Canine Neonatal Viability. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12111402. [PMID: 35681866 PMCID: PMC9179255 DOI: 10.3390/ani12111402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The article summarizes the current knowledge on factors related to pregnancy, parturition, and newborns that affect the health status of a puppy and determine its chances for survival and development. The detailed information is provided in terms of breed predispositions, objectives of pregnancy monitoring, potential sources of complications, and veterinary advances in care and treatment of perinatal conditions. Successful pregnancy outcomes still pose challenges in veterinary neonatology; thus, publications presenting the current state of knowledge in this field are in demand. Abstract The perinatal period has a critical impact on viability of the newborns. The variety of factors that can potentially affect the health of a litter during pregnancy, birth, and the first weeks of life requires proper attention from both the breeder and the veterinarian. The health status of puppies can be influenced by various maternal factors, including breed characteristics, anatomy, quality of nutrition, delivery assistance, neonatal care, and environmental or infectious agents encountered during pregnancy. Regular examinations and pregnancy monitoring are key tools for early detection of signals that can indicate disorders even before clinical signs occur. Early detection significantly increases the chances of puppies’ survival and proper development. The purpose of the review was to summarize and discuss the complex interactions between all elements that, throughout pregnancy and the first days of life, have a tangible impact on the subsequent fate of the offspring. Many of these components continue to pose challenges in veterinary neonatology; thus, publications presenting the current state of knowledge in this field are in demand.
Collapse
|
3
|
Tayyub M, Ali S, Javid A, Imran M. Molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in rock pigeons (Columba livia) in Punjab, Pakistan. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:1499-1505. [PMID: 35320837 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07494-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Rock pigeons are synanthropic birds and live in close association within human settlements. Synanthropic birds are considered potential carriers of diseases and pose a subsequent risk of their transmission to humans. Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii are intracellular protozoans infecting a wide range of hosts, as well as birds. Data related to the incidence of these protozoans in rock pigeons in Pakistan are scant. The aims of the study were to detect T. gondii and N. caninum DNA in tissue samples from rock pigeons (Columba livia) and to identify possible risk factors associated with infection. To accomplish this, pectoral muscle and brain samples were carefully collected from rock pigeons (n = 120) belonging to three zones located in ten districts of Punjab during a 4-month sampling span (July 2018 to October 2018). Data related to sex, age, sampling site, districts, seasonality, and ecological zones were recorded. DNA from brain and pectoral muscle samples was screened for both T. gondii and N. caninum by PCR assays. Chi-square analysis was used to check the association between positive samples and risk factors. The level of significance was p ≤ 0.05. T. gondii was detected in 46 (38.3%) brain samples, while 24 pectoral muscle samples (20%) were positive for N. caninum. Agroecological zones were statistically associated with the detection of N. caninum DNA. The outcomes of this study provide an understanding of the epidemiological pattern of N. caninum and T. gondii infection in rock pigeons in different regions of Punjab, Pakistan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tayyub
- Wildlife Epidemiology and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory (One Health Research Group), Discipline of Zoology, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Ravi Campus, Pattoki, Pakistan.,Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Ravi Campus, Pattoki, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Ali
- Wildlife Epidemiology and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory (One Health Research Group), Discipline of Zoology, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Ravi Campus, Pattoki, Pakistan. .,Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Ravi Campus, Pattoki, Pakistan.
| | - Arshad Javid
- Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Ravi Campus, Pattoki, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in dogs from greater Sydney, Australia unchanged from 1997 to 2019 and worldwide review of adult-onset of canine neosporosis. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PARASITOLOGY & VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES 2021. [PMCID: PMC8906069 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2020.100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Neospora caninum causes disease of the muscle and nervous systems in canine pups and is known for producing disease in older dogs. We aimed to determine anti-N. caninum seroprevalence in healthy adult dogs from greater Sydney, New South Wales, Australia and summarise published reports of adult-onset of canine neosporosis. Indirect fluorescent antibody tests (IFAT) were used to detect anti-N. caninum IgG and compared to the value from an equivalent 1997 study. The N. caninum seroprevalence (anti-IgG, 1:50 serum dilution) was 14.1% (27/192; 95% CI: 9.1–19.0%) demonstrating no significant change compared to 1997 (12%; 18/150; 95% CI: 7.7–18.2%) (P = 0.58). A literature search identified 56 published cases of adult-onset canine neosporosis, most associated with neurological or myopathic signs (66.1%, 37/56) or cutaneous lesions (25.0%, 14/56). We confirm that a single IFAT N. caninum IgG titre has limited diagnostic value regardless of the cut-off because healthy adult dogs exhibit a range of titres. In healthy dogs positive anti-Neospora caninum IgG IFAT results occur over a range of titres. Review of 56 published cases reporting adult-onset of canine neosporosis. Neurological or myopathic disease was overrepresented (37/56) in the published cases. Cutaneous disease frequently reported (14/56).
Collapse
|
5
|
Brady SL, Woodward AP, le Chevoir M. Survival time and relapse in dogs with meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin treated with prednisolone and ciclosporin: a retrospective study. Aust Vet J 2020; 98:491-498. [PMID: 32794230 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse outcome in dogs with a presumptive diagnosis of meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin (MUO) treated with prednisolone and ciclosporin and to assess the effect of a number of patient variables on survival time and rate of relapse. DESIGN Retrospective case series. METHODS Medical records of 40 client-owned dogs with a diagnosis of MUO treated with prednisolone and ciclosporin at one institution between June 2010 and January 2018 were reviewed retrospectively to assess survival times and prognostic indicators for death and/or relapse. The minimum follow-up time was 11 months post-diagnosis. RESULTS Median survival was 1345 days (95% confidence interval: 487-∞). No associations with hazard of death or relapse were detected for the presence of multifocal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities, caudal fossa location of MRI abnormalities, value of cerebrospinal fluid total nucleated cell count or total protein at time of diagnosis, or suspected elevation in intracranial pressure at time of diagnosis. CONCLUSION Protracted survival time may be achieved with a treatment combination of prednisolone and ciclosporin. Suspected elevation in intracranial pressure at the time of diagnosis did not affect long-term outcome in this cohort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S L Brady
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia.,The Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - A P Woodward
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mar le Chevoir
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia.,Veterinary Emergency and Specialty Hospital, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
De Velasco-Reyes I, Cruz-Vázquez C, Medina-Esparza L, Vitela-Mendoza I, Ángel-Sahagún CA, Gómez-Leyva JF. Prevalence, Incidence, and Risk Factors for Infection by Neospora caninum in Dairy Farm Dogs in North-Central Mexico. J Parasitol 2020; 106:312-315. [PMID: 32330280 DOI: 10.1645/18-203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence and incidence of Neospora caninum infection in dogs that are in close contact with dairy cattle and to identify possible risk factors associated with the infection in this population. Twenty-four dogs located in 8 different dairy farms of Aguascalientes, Mexico, were evaluated for a 6-mo period. Once a month a sample of serum and a sample of peripheral blood was collected. The serum was used to detect antibodies against N. caninum by means of the indirect immunofluorescence technique, and the blood was used to detect parasite's DNA. The association between seroprevalence and possible risk factors was estimated using logistic regression. The prevalence of anti-N. caninum antibodies was 54% in the first month, 62% in the last month, and the incidence was 8.69%. One farm had no positive cases. Antibody titers ranged from 1:50 to 1:800. Parasite DNA was not detected in any of the samples. Only the age (>6 yr) of the dogs was identified as a risk factor for infection by N. caninum (P ≤ 0.05).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I De Velasco-Reyes
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico El Llano Aguascalientes, Km. 18 carretera Aguascalientes, San Luis Potosí, El Llano, 20330, Aguascalientes, México
| | - C Cruz-Vázquez
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico El Llano Aguascalientes, Km. 18 carretera Aguascalientes, San Luis Potosí, El Llano, 20330, Aguascalientes, México
| | - L Medina-Esparza
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico El Llano Aguascalientes, Km. 18 carretera Aguascalientes, San Luis Potosí, El Llano, 20330, Aguascalientes, México
| | - I Vitela-Mendoza
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico El Llano Aguascalientes, Km. 18 carretera Aguascalientes, San Luis Potosí, El Llano, 20330, Aguascalientes, México
| | - C A Ángel-Sahagún
- División Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato. Ex Hacienda El Copal, km. 7 carretera Irapuato-Silao, 36500, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - J F Gómez-Leyva
- Instituto Tecnológico de Tlajomulco, Tecnológico Nacional de México. Km 10 carretera Tlajomulco, San Miguel Cuyutlán, 45640, Tlajomulco de Zúñiga, Jalisco, México
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum Infection in Dog Population Worldwide: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Acta Parasitol 2020; 65:273-290. [PMID: 31919799 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-019-00163-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neospora caninum is an obligate intracellular apicomplexan protozoan that causes neurological disorders in dogs. This systematic review and meta-analysis targeted at evaluating the worldwide seroprevalence rate of N. caninum in dogs. METHODS Five electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, until December 2018 were thoroughly searched for relevant English language articles. Papers were selected based on inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed in StatsDirect statistical software (version 2.7.9). RESULTS The searching process yielded a total number of 156 papers. The total prevalence (95% confidence intervals) of N. caninum infection in dog population worldwide was measured as 17.14% in data analyses (15.25-19.10). In addition, a significant association was also detected between neosporosis infection in dogs and continent, country, year, WHO regions, sample size and diagnostic method (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Dogs are a matter of concern to public health officials as a source of N. caninum infection. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to provide comprehensive data and systematically analyze the prevalence of N. caninum infection in dogs. Accordingly, it is recommended that researchers carry out further studies to prevent and control neosporosis among dog population worldwide.
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu F, Wang D, Yang SC, Zhu JH, Li JM, Shi K, Du R, Zhao Q. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Brucellosis, Toxoplasmosis, and Neosporosis Among Yanbian Yellow Cattle in Jilin Province, China. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2019; 19:217-221. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2018.2288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Cong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Hui Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ming Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Shi
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Du
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Shuangyang, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kwok B, Crisman R, Malik R, Šlapeta J. Presumptive vertical transmission of Neospora caninum in related Bernese Mountain dogs. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2018; 14:7-10. [PMID: 31014740 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Neospora caninum is a tissue cyst-forming coccidium capable of causing spinal cord or skeletal muscle disease in dogs. Infected bitches can transmit the parasite to their pups in utero. Seroprevalence of N. caninum was studied in naturally-infected, privately owned Bernese Mountain dogs, using antibody detection via an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) to identify infected individuals. A retrospective study was undertaken on available dogs from 14 litters. Five of eight dams tested seropositive. The index case was a bitch with a titre of 1:3200 by IFAT. Only one offspring from her first litter was seropositive. The frequency of putative congenital transmission in the breeding kennel was variable. Our results reiterate the importance of serological testing of all dams and littermates in a breeding kennel when clinical neosporosis is suspected in neonatal puppies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Kwok
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Robin Crisman
- Somersby Veterinary Hospital, Somersby, New South Wales 2250, Australia
| | - Richard Malik
- Centre for Veterinary Education, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Jan Šlapeta
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Development and application of a recombinant protein-based indirect ELISA for the detection of serum antibodies against Cystoisospora suis in swine. Vet Parasitol 2018; 258:57-63. [PMID: 30105979 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The apicomplexan parasite Cystoisospora suis which causes neonatal porcine coccidiosis is one of the predominant parasite in suckling piglets. Currently, the immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) is the only available serological tool for detecting serum antibodies against C. suis which has several limitations, including bias from interpretation and low throughput. In the present study, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed using a previously characterized recombinant merozoite protein for the detection of specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA against C. suis. The recombinant protein was expressed in Escherichia coli as a N-terminal histidine fusion protein, and its specificity was confirmed in an immunoblot probed with highly positive anti-C. suis sera from experimentally infected piglets. Optimal dilutions of recombinant protein, sera and conjugate were determined by checkerboard titrations, and the serum dilution that gave the greatest ratio between the positive and the negative sera was selected for subsequent analyses. Agreement between the IFAT and the newly developed ELISA was assessed with kappa statistics. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis based on 185 serum samples with known C. suis exposure previously tested in the reference IFAT was used to determine the cut-off value, sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA. For IgG, the ELISA had an estimated cut-off value of 0.82 and sensitivity and specificity values of 94.7% and 98%, respectively, whereas for IgA the estimated cut-off value was 0.41 and sensitivity and specificity values were both100%. According to kappa coefficient, an excellent correlation (κ > 0.8) was found between IFAT and ELISA for both isotypes. The diagnostic accuracy of the test measured as the area under the ROC curve index scaled between 0.98 and 1.0, indicating high discriminatory capacity and its possible application as a serological tool for detecting antibody response in the host following C. suis exposure/immunization and large-scale surveillance studies.
Collapse
|