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Pereira LC, Pereira NDS, Barbosa da Silva AN, Bezerra CDF, Sousa KMD, Fagundes Neto JC, Sampaio GHF, Brito CRDN, Souza RDCM, Galvão LMDC, Câmara ACJD, Nascimento MSL, Guedes PMM. Insecticidal activity of fluralaner (Exzolt ®) administered to Gallus gallus domesticus against triatomines (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae). Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:208. [PMID: 38720313 PMCID: PMC11080163 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06276-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triatoma infestans, Triatoma brasiliensis, Triatoma pseudomaculata and Rhodnius prolixus are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. Chickens serve as an important blood food source for triatomines. This study aimed to assess the insecticidal activity of fluralaner (Exzolt®) administered to chickens against triatomines (R. prolixus, T. infestans, T. brasiliensis and T. pseudomaculata). METHODS Twelve non-breed chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) were randomized based on weight into three groups: negative control (n = 4); a single dose of 0.5 mg/kg fluralaner (Exzolt®) (n = 4); two doses of 0.5 mg/kg fluralaner (Exzolt®) (n = 4). Nymphs of 3rd, 4th and 5th instars of R. prolixus, T. infestans, T. brasiliensis and T. pseudomaculata (all n = 10) were allowed to feed on chickens before treatment, and at intervals of 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 56 days after treatment, with insect mortality determined. RESULTS Treatment with two doses of fluralaner showed higher insecticidal efficacy against R. prolixus, T. infestans and T. brasiliensis compared to the single-dose treatment. Similar insecticidal efficacy was observed for T. pseudomaculata for one and two doses of fluralaner. Insecticidal activity of fluralaner (Exzolt®) against triatomine bugs was noted up to 21 and 28 days after treatment with one and two doses of fluralaner, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that treatment of chickens with fluralaner (Exzolt®) induces insecticidal activity against triatomines for up to 28 days post-treatment, suggesting its potential use as a control strategy for Chagas disease in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathalie de Sena Pereira
- Graduate Program in Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Kivia Millana de Sousa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Lúcia Maria da Cunha Galvão
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paulo Marcos Matta Guedes
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
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Rüster V, Lückemann AK, Wittmann M, Strube C, Bartels T. Successful long-term control of poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) infestations in floor-kept laying hens via integrated pest management-a case report. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:2549-2555. [PMID: 37642771 PMCID: PMC10567861 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07954-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
This case report describes the successful control of poultry red mite [PRM] (Dermanyssus gallinae) infestations in an experimental laying hen house via a combined use of cleaning and disinfection measure, the preventive application of a synthetic silica-based acaricide and frequent mite monitoring. The high number of PRM in the laying hen house was reduced by 99.8% by treatment with fluralaner (Exzolt®, MSD Animal Health Unterschleißheim, Germany; 0.5 mg/kg body weight via drinking water twice, 7 days apart). After the laying hens were removed, the hen house was dry-cleaned, wet-cleaned and disinfected. After drying, synthetic amorphous silica (Fossil Shield® instant white, Bein GmbH, Eiterfeld, Germany) was applied as a preventive measure before the hen house was restocked with pullets for two housing periods of 58 and 52 weeks. Over these periods (i.e. more than 2 years), no PRM was detected during mite monitoring at two-week intervals via tube traps and visual monitoring. This result therefore suggests that the combined use of appropriate chemical and physical prevention measures within an integrated pest management regime can be successfully used for the long-term control of PRM. This could reduce the use of acaricidal drugs, thereby helping maintain their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Rüster
- Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Celle, Germany
- Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Margareta Wittmann
- Faculty of Agriculture, South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences, Soest, Germany
| | - Christina Strube
- Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Bartels
- Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Celle, Germany.
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3
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da Silva GG, Zaldívar MF, Oliveira LAR, Mariano RMDS, Lair DF, de Souza RA, Galdino AS, Chávez-Fumagalli MA, da Silveira-Lemos D, Dutra WO, Nascimento Araújo R, Ferreira LL, Giunchetti RC. Advances in Non-Chemical Tools to Control Poultry Hematophagous Mites. Vet Sci 2023; 10:589. [PMID: 37888541 PMCID: PMC10611074 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10100589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-sucking mites Dermanyssus gallinae ("red mite"), Ornithonyssus sylviarum ("northern fowl mite"), and Ornithonyssus bursa ("tropical fowl mite") stand out for causing infestations in commercial poultry farms worldwide, resulting in significant economic damage for producers. In addition to changes in production systems that include new concerns for animal welfare, global climate change in recent years has become a major challenge in the spread of ectoparasites around the world. This review includes information regarding the main form of controlling poultry mites through the use of commercially available chemicals. In addition, non-chemical measures against blood-sucking mites were discussed such as extracts and oils from plants and seeds, entomopathogenic fungi, semiochemicals, powder such as diatomaceous earth and silica-based products, and vaccine candidates. The control of poultry mites using chemical methods that are currently used to control or eliminate them are proving to be less effective as mites develop resistance. In contrast, the products based on plant oils and extracts, powders of plant origin, fungi, and new antigens aimed at developing transmission-blocking vaccines against poultry mites provide some encouraging options for the rational control of these ectoparasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geralda Gabriele da Silva
- Laboratory of Cell-Cell Interactions, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.A.R.O.); (R.M.d.S.M.); (D.F.L.); (R.A.d.S.); (D.d.S.-L.); (W.O.D.)
| | - Maykelin Fuentes Zaldívar
- Laboratory of Cell-Cell Interactions, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.A.R.O.); (R.M.d.S.M.); (D.F.L.); (R.A.d.S.); (D.d.S.-L.); (W.O.D.)
| | - Lucilene Aparecida Resende Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cell-Cell Interactions, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.A.R.O.); (R.M.d.S.M.); (D.F.L.); (R.A.d.S.); (D.d.S.-L.); (W.O.D.)
| | - Reysla Maria da Silveira Mariano
- Laboratory of Cell-Cell Interactions, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.A.R.O.); (R.M.d.S.M.); (D.F.L.); (R.A.d.S.); (D.d.S.-L.); (W.O.D.)
| | - Daniel Ferreira Lair
- Laboratory of Cell-Cell Interactions, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.A.R.O.); (R.M.d.S.M.); (D.F.L.); (R.A.d.S.); (D.d.S.-L.); (W.O.D.)
| | - Renata Antunes de Souza
- Laboratory of Cell-Cell Interactions, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.A.R.O.); (R.M.d.S.M.); (D.F.L.); (R.A.d.S.); (D.d.S.-L.); (W.O.D.)
| | - Alexsandro Sobreira Galdino
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory, Federal University of São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro Oeste, Divinópolis 35501-296, MG, Brazil;
| | - Miguel Angel Chávez-Fumagalli
- Computational Biology and Chemistry Research Group, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Urb. San José S/N, Arequipa 04000, Peru;
| | - Denise da Silveira-Lemos
- Laboratory of Cell-Cell Interactions, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.A.R.O.); (R.M.d.S.M.); (D.F.L.); (R.A.d.S.); (D.d.S.-L.); (W.O.D.)
| | - Walderez Ornelas Dutra
- Laboratory of Cell-Cell Interactions, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.A.R.O.); (R.M.d.S.M.); (D.F.L.); (R.A.d.S.); (D.d.S.-L.); (W.O.D.)
| | - Ricardo Nascimento Araújo
- Laboratory of Hematophagous Arthropods, Department of Parasitology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil;
| | - Lorena Lopes Ferreira
- Laboratory of Ectoparasites, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil;
| | - Rodolfo Cordeiro Giunchetti
- Laboratory of Cell-Cell Interactions, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (L.A.R.O.); (R.M.d.S.M.); (D.F.L.); (R.A.d.S.); (D.d.S.-L.); (W.O.D.)
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Hwang ET. Management of the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae with physical control methods by inorganic material and future perspectives. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102772. [PMID: 37245438 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Poultry red mite (PRM), the ectoparasitic mite Dermanyssus gallinae found in laying hen farms, is a significant threat to poultry production and human health worldwide. It is a suspected disease vector and attacks hosts' other than chickens, including humans, and its economic importance has increased greatly. Different strategies to control PRM have been widely tested and investigated. In principle, several synthetic pesticides have been applied to control PRM. However, recent alternative control methods to avoid the side effects of pesticides have been introduced, although many remain in the early stage of commercialization. In particular, advances in material science have made various materials more affordable as alternatives for controlling PRM through physical interactions between PRM. This review provides a summary of PRM infestation, and then includes a discussion and comparison of different conventional approaches: 1) organic substances, 2) biological approaches, and 3) physical inorganic material treatment. The advantages of inorganic materials are discussed in detail, including the classification of materials, as well as the physical mechanism-induced effect on PRM. In this review, we also consider the perspective of using several synthetic inorganic materials to suggest novel strategies for improved monitoring and better information regarding treatment interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee Taek Hwang
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Acaricide resistance and novel photosensitizing approach as alternative acaricides against the camel tick, Hyalomma dromedarii. PHOTOCHEMICAL & PHOTOBIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN PHOTOCHEMISTRY ASSOCIATION AND THE EUROPEAN SOCIETY FOR PHOTOBIOLOGY 2023; 22:87-101. [PMID: 36127561 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00301-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The control of the camel tick, Hyalomma dromedarii is very crucial. This study evaluated the novel toxicity of photosensitizers and Phoxim insecticide against H. dromedarii males using the adult immersion tests. Ticks were subjected to sunlight for 10 min post-treatment (PT). The optical characters of the applied materials were determined by UV-Vis spectroscopy (250-900 nm wavelengths). The intensity of spectra decreased as dye concentration decreased. The optical bandgap energies of the dyes at different concentrations were not changed as the concentration changed and decreased as the absorption peak of individual dyes red-shifted. The mortalities 72 h PT reached 42.2%, 44.4%, 51.1%, 71.1%, 46.7%, 48.9%, 44.4%, and 55.6% for chlorophyllin, echinochrome, field stain, methylene blue, phthalocyanine, rhodamine 6G, riboflavin, and safranin, respectively. Methylene blue recorded the highest median lethal concentration (LC50 = 127 ppm) followed by safranin, field stain, rhodamine 6G, phthalocyanine, echinochrome riboflavin, and chlorophyllin (LC50 = 209, 251, 271, 303, 324, 332, and 362 ppm, respectively, 72 h PT). Their median lethal time, LT50, values PT with 240 ppm were 45, 87, 96, 72, 129, 115, 131, and 137 h, respectively. The relative toxicities of the LC50 values 72 h PT showed that chlorophyllin, echinochrome, field stain, methylene blue, phthalocyanine, rhodamine 6G, riboflavin, and safranin were 3.2, 3.6, 4.6, 9.1, 3.8, 4.3, 3.5, and 5.6 times, respectively, more effective than Phoxim. Methylene blue, safranin, and field stain showed a broad absorbance area indicating a large photoactivity and better phototoxicity and could be used as alternative agents to synthetic acaricides.
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6
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González-Morales MA, Thomson AE, Petritz OA, Crespo R, Haija A, Santangelo RG, Schal C. Systemic veterinary drugs for control of the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius, in poultry farms. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:431. [PMID: 36397113 PMCID: PMC9670615 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05555-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The common bed bug, Cimex lectularius L., is a hematophagous ectoparasite that was a common pest in poultry farms through the 1960s. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and organophosphates eradicated most infestations, but concurrent with their global resurgence as human ectoparasites, infestations of bed bugs have been reappearing in poultry farms. Although the impact of bed bugs on chicken health has not been quantified, frequent biting and blood-feeding are expected to cause stress, infections and even anemia in birds. Bed bug control options are limited due to the sensitive nature of the poultry environment, limited products labeled for bed bug control and resistance of bed bug populations to a broad spectrum of active ingredients. Veterinary drugs are commonly used to control endo- and ectoparasites in animals. In this study, we evaluated the effects of two common veterinary drugs on bed bugs by treating the host with systemic antiparasitic drugs. METHODS We conducted dose-response studies of ivermectin and fluralaner against several bed bug strains using a membrane feeding system. Also, different doses of these drugs were given to chickens and two delivery methods (topical treatment and ingestion) were used to evaluate the efficacy of ivermectin and fluralaner on bed bug mortality. RESULTS Using an artificial feeding system, both ivermectin and fluralaner caused high mortality in insecticide-susceptible bed bugs, and fluralaner was found to be effective on pyrethroid- and fipronil-resistant bed bugs. Ivermectin was ineffective in chickens either by the topical treatment or ingestion, whereas bed bugs that fed on chickens which had ingested fluralaner suffered high mortality when feeding on these chickens for up to 28 days post treatment. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that systemic ectoparasitic drugs have great potential for practical use to control bed bug infestations in poultry farms. These findings also demonstrate the efficacy of fluralaner (and potentially other isoxazolines) as a potent new active ingredient for bed bug control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea E. Thomson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Olivia A. Petritz
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Rocio Crespo
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Ahmed Haija
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Richard G. Santangelo
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Coby Schal
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
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7
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Petersen I, Johannhörster K, Pagot E, Escribano D, Zschiesche E, Temple D, Thomas E. Assessment of fluralaner as a treatment in controlling Dermanyssus gallinae infestation on commercial layer farms and the potential for resulting benefits of improved bird welfare and productivity. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:181. [PMID: 33789728 PMCID: PMC8011190 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04685-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Poultry red mite (PRM) (Dermanyssus gallinae) infestations are a cause of anaemia, impaired productivity and stress-related behaviours linked to reduced hen welfare. A study investigated the potential health, welfare and productivity benefits following fluralaner treatment to eliminate PRM from infested hens. Methods A PRM-infested layer house was selected on a free-range farm (5400 hens) and an aviary farm (42,400 hens). Fluralaner (Exzolt®; 0.5 mg/kg body weight) was administered twice, 7 days apart (Weeks 0 and 1), via drinking water. Mite populations were monitored by traps. Cameras recorded nighttime hen behaviours weekly, pre- and post-treatment. On the free-range farm, daytime behaviours were also recorded weekly. For pre- and post-treatment corticosterone assessments, eggs were randomly collected on both farms, and blood samples were collected from 50 randomly selected aviary farm hens. Production parameters were assessed using farm records. Results Throughout the post-treatment period, fluralaner efficacy against PRM was > 99% on both farms. On the aviary and free-range farms, treatment was followed by significant nighttime increases in the proportion of resting hens (P < 0.0001; P = 0.0175, respectively). Significant post-treatment versus pre-treatment nighttime reductions were observed in head shaking (aviary, P < 0.0001; free-range P = 0.0233) and preening (P = 0.0032; P = 0.0018) and on the aviary farm in bouts of body shaking (P = 0.0108), vertical wing shaking (P = 0.0002), head scratching (P = 0.0335), and gentle feather pecking (P < 0.0001). On the free-range farm there were significant daytime reductions in head scratching (P < 0.0001), head shaking (P = 0.0492) and preening (P = 0.0012). Relative to standard production parameters, no differences were detected on the aviary farm, but on the free-range farm the laying rate decline with increasing age was less than expected and the increase in egg weight greater than expected. Post-treatment increases in egg and plasma corticosterone were suggestive of stress factors in addition to mite infestation. Red blood cell counts and haematocrit increased following treatment. Conclusion Fluralaner treatment eliminated mite challenge, leading to improved hen welfare and health, based on reductions in stress-related behaviours and restoration of the anaemia-inducing effects of mite blood feeding. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Petersen
- MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Zur Propstei, 55270, Schwabenheim, Germany.
| | | | - Eric Pagot
- Centre Technique Des Productions Animales, Zoopole Dévelopment, 2 rue Jean Rostand, 22440, Ploufragan, France
| | - Damian Escribano
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100, Murcia, Espinardo, Spain.,Animal Production Department, Regional "Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Espinardo, Spain
| | - Eva Zschiesche
- MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Zur Propstei, 55270, Schwabenheim, Germany
| | - Déborah Temple
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Emmanuel Thomas
- MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Zur Propstei, 55270, Schwabenheim, Germany
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8
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Chen W, Bartley K, Nunn F, Bowman AS, Sternberg JM, Burgess STG, Nisbet AJ, Price DRG. RNAi gene knockdown in the poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer 1778), a tool for functional genomics. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:57. [PMID: 33461614 PMCID: PMC7813172 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04562-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The avian haematophagous ectoparasite Dermanyssus gallinae, commonly known as the poultry red mite, causes significant economic losses to the egg-laying industry worldwide and also represents a significant welfare threat. Current acaricide-based controls are unsustainable due to the mite’s ability to rapidly develop resistance, thus developing a novel sustainable means of control for D. gallinae is a priority. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated gene silencing is a valuable tool for studying gene function in non-model organisms, but is also emerging as a novel tool for parasite control. Methods Here we use an in silico approach to identify core RNAi pathway genes in the recently sequenced D. gallinae genome. In addition we utilise an in vitro feeding device to deliver double-stranded (ds) RNA to D. gallinae targeting the D. gallinae vATPase subunit A (Dg vATPase A) gene and monitor gene knockdown using quantitative PCR (qPCR). Results Core components of the small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) pathways were identified in D. gallinae, which indicates that these gene silencing pathways are likely functional. Strikingly, the P-element-induced wimpy testis (PIWI)-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway was absent in D. gallinae. In addition, feeding Dg vATPase A dsRNA to adult female D. gallinae resulted in silencing of the targeted gene compared to control mites fed non-specific lacZ dsRNA. In D. gallinae, dsRNA-mediated gene knockdown was rapid, being detectable 24 h after oral delivery of the dsRNA, and persisted for at least 120 h. Conclusions This study shows the presence of core RNAi machinery components in the D. gallinae genome. In addition, we have developed a robust RNAi methodology for targeting genes in D. gallinae that will be of value for studying genes of unknown function and validating potential control targets in D. gallinae. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Chen
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentland Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK.,Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, UK
| | - Kathryn Bartley
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentland Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Francesca Nunn
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentland Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Alan S Bowman
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, UK
| | - Jeremy M Sternberg
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, UK
| | - Stewart T G Burgess
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentland Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Alasdair J Nisbet
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentland Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Daniel R G Price
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentland Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK.
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Decru E, Mul M, Nisbet AJ, Vargas Navarro AH, Chiron G, Walton J, Norton T, Roy L, Sleeckx N. Possibilities for IPM Strategies in European Laying Hen Farms for Improved Control of the Poultry Red Mite ( Dermanyssus gallinae): Details and State of Affairs. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:565866. [PMID: 33282928 PMCID: PMC7705068 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.565866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Poultry Red Mite (PRM), Dermanyssus gallinae, is a major threat to the poultry industry worldwide, causing serious problems to animal health and welfare, and huge economic losses. Controlling PRM infestations is very challenging. Conventionally, D. gallinae is treated with synthetic acaricides, but the particular lifestyle of the mite (most of the time spent off the host) makes the efficacy of acaracide sprays often unsatisfactory, as sprays reach only a small part of the population. Moreover, many acaricides have been unlicensed due to human consumer and safety regulations and mites have become resistant to them. A promising course of action is Integrated Pest Management (IPM), which is sustainable for animals, humans and the environment. It combines eight different steps, in which prevention of introduction and monitoring of the pest are key. Further, it focusses on non-chemical treatments, with chemicals only being used as a last resort. Whereas IPM is already widely applied in horticulture, its application is still in its infancy to control D. gallinae in layer houses. This review presents the currently-available possibilities for control of D. gallinae in layer houses for each of the eight IPM steps, including monitoring techniques, established and emerging non-chemical treatments, and the strategic use of chemicals. As such, it provides a needed baseline for future development of specific IPM strategies, which will allow efficient and sustainable control of D. gallinae in poultry farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Decru
- Experimental Poultry Centre, Geel, Belgium
| | - Monique Mul
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Division Animal Health and Welfare, Wageningen, Netherlands.,MoniqueMul IPM, Wervershoof, Netherlands
| | - Alasdair J Nisbet
- Vaccines and Diagnostics Department Moredun Research Institute, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Tomas Norton
- Group of M3-BIORES, Division of Animal and Human Health Engineering (A2H), Department of BioSystems, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lise Roy
- CEFE, CNRS, University of Montpellier, University of Paul Valéry Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
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Selzer PM, Epe C. Antiparasitics in Animal Health: Quo Vadis? Trends Parasitol 2020; 37:77-89. [PMID: 33039282 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Antiparasitics acting on endo- or ectoparasites represent the second largest segment of the global animal health market, accounting for 23% of market share. However, relatively few novel antiparasitic agents have been introduced into the market during recent decades. One exception, and a groundbreaking 21st century success story, are the isoxazolines, whose full potential has not yet been entirely explored. Unfortunately, resistance issues are present across most parasitic diseases, which generates a clear market need for novel resistance-breaking antiparasitics with new modes/mechanisms of action. Recent advances in science and technologies strongly suggest that the time is right to invest in new modalities such as parasitic vaccines or in environmentally friendly interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Selzer
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Binger Str. 173, 55216 Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany.
| | - Christian Epe
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Binger Str. 173, 55216 Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
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Roy L, Taudière A, Papaïx J, Blatrix R, Chiron G, Zriki G, Bonato O, Barnagaud JY. Evaluating the link between predation and pest control services in the mite world. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:9968-9980. [PMID: 33005357 PMCID: PMC7520221 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pest regulation by natural enemies has a strong potential to reduce the use of synthetic pesticides in agroecosystems. However, the effective role of predation as an ecosystem service remains largely speculative, especially with minute organisms such as mites.Predatory mites are natural enemies for ectoparasites in livestock farms. We tested for an ecosystem level control of the poultry pest Dermanyssus gallinae by other mites naturally present in manure in poultry farms and investigated differences among farming practices (conventional, free-range, and organic).We used a multiscale approach involving (a) in vitro behavioral predation experiments, (b) arthropod inventories in henhouses with airborne DNA, and (c) a statistical model of covariations in mite abundances comparing farming practices.Behavioral experiments revealed that three mites are prone to feed on D. gallinae. Accordingly, we observed covariations between the pest and these three taxa only, in airborne DNA at the henhouse level, and in mites sampled from manure. In most situations, covariations in abundances were high in magnitude and their sign was positive.Predation on a pest happens naturally in livestock farms due to predatory mites. However, the complex dynamics of mite trophic network prevents the emergence of a consistent assemblage-level signal of predation. Based on these results, we suggest perspectives for mite-based pest control and warn against any possible disruption of ignored services through the application of veterinary drugs or pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Roy
- CEFE University of Montpellier CNRS EPHE, IRD Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
| | - Adrien Taudière
- CEFE University of Montpellier CNRS EPHE, IRD Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
| | | | - Rumsais Blatrix
- CEFE University of Montpellier CNRS EPHE, IRD Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
| | - Geoffrey Chiron
- Institut Technique de l'AVIculture (ITAVI) Lyon Lyon Cedex 07 France
| | - Ghais Zriki
- CEFE University of Montpellier CNRS EPHE, IRD Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
| | - Olivier Bonato
- Interactions Plantes Microorganismes Environnement (IPME) IRD Cirad, UM Montpellier France
| | - Jean-Yves Barnagaud
- CEFE University of Montpellier CNRS EPHE-PSL University IRD Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
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Herdt PD, Boutreux A, Hoye KV, Koopman R, Gorp SV, Erum JV. Effect of a Drinking Water Conditioner on Stability and Efficacy of Fluralaner in Laying Hens Infested with Poultry Red Mites. Avian Dis 2020; 63:97-101. [PMID: 31251525 DOI: 10.1637/11974-092118-resnote.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Concurrent use of a colorant during drinking water treatment could contribute to the correct application of fluralaner to poultry. The present studies therefore examined whether the blue-colored drinking water conditioner Vac-Safe has an influence on the stability of fluralaner in water and/or on its efficacy for the control of poultry red mites (PRM). Laboratory trials showed that fluralaner dissolved at various concentrations in water conditioned with Vac-Safe retained full stability for at least 27 hr at temperatures up to 40 C. Further, a field trial demonstrated that the efficacy of fluralaner in eliminating PRM from two infested houses of laying hens was equal when administered through drinking water with or without Vac-Safe. Consistently in both flocks, after treatment PRM could not be detected and sharp increases in laying percentage and produced egg mass were observed. It was concluded that Vac-Safe does not reduce the stability and treatment efficacy of fluralaner when administered simultaneously through drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter De Herdt
- MSD Animal Health Belgium, Lynx Binnenhof 5, 1200 Brussels, Belgium,
| | - Anthony Boutreux
- MSD Animal Health Innovation, Rue Olivier de Serres, 49070 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Kristof Van Hoye
- MSD Animal Health Belgium, Lynx Binnenhof 5, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rik Koopman
- MSD Animal Health International, W. de Körverstraat 35, 5831 AN Boxmeer, Netherlands
| | - Stefaan Van Gorp
- MSD Animal Health Belgium, Lynx Binnenhof 5, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Johan Van Erum
- Galluvet Veterinary Practice, Dwarsstraat 3, 3560 Lummen, Belgium
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Leviticus K, Cui L, Ling H, Jia ZQ, Huang QT, Han ZJ, Zhao CQ, Xu L. Lethal and sublethal effects of fluralaner on the two-spotted spider mites, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:888-893. [PMID: 31429178 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae Koch is a serious agricultural pest and has developed high levels of resistance to many acaricides. Hence, screening new acaricides is important in the control of TSSM. Fluralaner, a novel isoxazoline, has high activity against agricultural and ectoparasitic pests; however, little information is available about its effects on agricultural mites. Lethal and sublethal effects of fluralaner towards TSSM eggs and female adults were therefore evaluated in this study. RESULTS Fluralaner exhibited higher activity towards TSSM female adults (LC50 , 0.49 mg L-1 ) compared with commercial acaricides including fenpyroximate, pyridaben and hexythiazox, and also excellent activity towards eggs (LC50 , 0.36 mg L-1 ). The results of a sublethal effect study showed a significant reduction in the duration and fecundity of female adults with increases in the tested concentrations. The net reproductive rate (R0 ) decreased to 67.34 ± 3.96 and 50.29 ± 3.40 offspring per individual in LC10 and LC30 treatments compared with control (108.31 ± 7.61 offspring per individual). The intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) in the controls (0.30 and 1.36 d-1 ) were significantly higher than in the LC30 treatment (0.25 and 1.29 d-1 ); whereas, they were almost identical to values for the LC10 treatment. No change in mean generation time (T) was observed at sublethal concentrations treatments. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that fluralaner has high acaricidal activity and could be considered a potential acaricide for TSSM management. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kipchoge Leviticus
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops in Eastern China (Ministry of Agriculture of China), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Cui
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Han Ling
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops in Eastern China (Ministry of Agriculture of China), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhong-Qiang Jia
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops in Eastern China (Ministry of Agriculture of China), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiu-Tang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops in Eastern China (Ministry of Agriculture of China), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhao-Jun Han
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops in Eastern China (Ministry of Agriculture of China), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-Qing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops in Eastern China (Ministry of Agriculture of China), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
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14
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Impact of Poultry Red Mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) Infestation on Blood Parameters of Laying Hens. BIONANOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-019-00705-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Yarto Jaramillo E, Romero Núñez C, Álvarez Zavala MDLÁ, Cruz López E, Rangel Díaz J, Miranda Contreras L, Galicia Franco E, Heredia Cárdenas R. Use of afoxolaner for the treatment of lice (Goniodes pavonis) in different genera (Chrysolophus spp, Lophura spp, Phasianus spp, and Syrmaticus spp) and species of pheasants and West Mexican Chachalacas (Ortalis poliocephala). Vet Parasitol 2020; 280:109065. [PMID: 32203695 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Lice are ectoparasites capable of affecting birds, and can result in direct and indirect damage to their host. Afoxolaner is an isoxazoline that has been shown to be effective against these ectoparasites without known adverse effects. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of afoxolaner on lice in pheasants and plain chachalacas. A total of 29 pheasants of different genera and species (Chrysolophus pictus, C. amherstiae, Lophura swinghoii, L. nycthemera, Phasianus colchicus, and Syrmaticus reevesii) and 18 West Mexican Chachalacas (Ortalis poliocephala) naturally infested with Goniodes pavonis were used. The birds were allocated to one of two groups: group 1 treated with 2.50 mg/kg of afoxolaner, and group 2 given no treatment. Ectoparasites were collected using the adhesive tape technique and identified. Afoxolaner was administered later as a single dose to group 1, and the clinical assessment to detect ectoparasites was repeated 28 days post-treatment. On day 28 post-treatment, group 1 was found to be negative for the presence of lice. The body weights were compared at the beginning and end of the clinical assessment in both groups and a significant difference in weight of treated birds was found. The mean body weight decreased by 0.017 g in control group, whereas it increased by 0.016 g in treated group. Oral administration of afoxolaner is an effective option for the treatment of Goniodes pavonis infestations in zoo birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Yarto Jaramillo
- Centro Veterinario México, Calle Cincinnati #22, Benito Juárez, Ciudad de los Deportes, 03710 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Camilo Romero Núñez
- Hospital Veterinario Espacio Animal, José de la Luz Blanco, Mz. 187, Lt. 33, Col. Santa Martha Acatitla, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - María de Los Á Álvarez Zavala
- Parque Zoológico "Benito Juárez" de Morelia, Calzada Juárez S/N, Félix Ireta, C.P. 58070, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Cruz López
- Parque Zoológico "Benito Juárez" de Morelia, Calzada Juárez S/N, Félix Ireta, C.P. 58070, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Josué Rangel Díaz
- Parque Zoológico "Benito Juárez" de Morelia, Calzada Juárez S/N, Félix Ireta, C.P. 58070, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Laura Miranda Contreras
- Hospital Veterinario Espacio Animal, José de la Luz Blanco, Mz. 187, Lt. 33, Col. Santa Martha Acatitla, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Evelyn Galicia Franco
- Hospital Veterinario Espacio Animal, José de la Luz Blanco, Mz. 187, Lt. 33, Col. Santa Martha Acatitla, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rafael Heredia Cárdenas
- Hospital Veterinario Espacio Animal, José de la Luz Blanco, Mz. 187, Lt. 33, Col. Santa Martha Acatitla, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Pugliese N, Circella E, Cocciolo G, Giangaspero A, Horvatek Tomic D, Kika TS, Caroli A, Camarda A. Efficacy of λ-cyhalothrin, amitraz, and phoxim against the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae De Geer, 1778 (Mesostigmata: Dermanyssidae): an eight-year survey. Avian Pathol 2019; 48:S35-S43. [PMID: 31362523 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2019.1645295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer, 1778) is a major problem for the poultry industry worldwide, as it negatively affects virtually all kinds of rearing systems. Therefore, the control of infestation has become a routine process, and its economic cost is constantly increasing. Until now, most of the control strategies have relied on the use of synthetic chemical drugs, but their efficacy is often questioned by the emergence and diffusion of resistant mite populations. With this in mind, the efficacy of λ-cyhalothrin, amitraz, and phoxim has been verified by testing them against 86 mite populations collected from the same number of poultry farms in Italy from 2008 to 2015. Assays were performed according to the filter paper method using the recommended, half, quarter, double and quadruple doses. The results showed that phoxim and amitraz were the most effective acaricides (median efficacies 80.35% and 80.83%, respectively), but amitraz exhibited a sharp fall in its efficacy during 2011 and 2012, while phoxim maintained its high effectiveness up to 2015, when it dropped. The overall median efficacy of λ-cyhalothrin was 58.33%. The data also highlighted the importance of the use of the right concentration, as an increase in dosage was not always useful against resistant populations, while its reduction also diminished efficacy, simultaneously increasing the risk for the development of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Pugliese
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" , Bari , Italy
| | - Elena Circella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" , Bari , Italy
| | - Giulio Cocciolo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" , Bari , Italy
| | - Annunziata Giangaspero
- Department of Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia , Foggia , Italy
| | - Danijela Horvatek Tomic
- Department of Poultry Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Tana Shtylla Kika
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture University of Tirana , Tirana , Albania
| | - Anna Caroli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" , Bari , Italy
| | - Antonio Camarda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" , Bari , Italy
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Sleeckx N, Van Gorp S, Koopman R, Kempen I, Van Hoye K, De Baere K, Zoons J, De Herdt P. Production losses in laying hens during infestation with the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae. Avian Pathol 2019; 48:S17-S21. [PMID: 31298932 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2019.1641179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A research centre with 30,568 laying hens, kept in enriched cages and in aviaries, had become naturally infested with poultry red mites (PRM) in 32 of its 48 bird units. Therefore, at the age of 52 weeks all hens were treated with fluralaner through the drinking water. After this treatment, PRM were no longer observed. As all birds were of the same age, and since production figures were measured daily in all 48 units, this offered a unique opportunity to examine how PRM had affected performance. Statistical analyses were done to compare the evolution of production data from the pre-treatment to the post-treatment period in units that were visually free of PRM or infested with PRM to different levels. Production standards provided by the breeding organizations were used as a reference. The results demonstrated significant posttreatment increases of laying percentage, egg weight, egg mass, percentage first choice eggs, feed intake and body weight in heavily infested hens of one or both housing systems, as compared to the non-infested controls. These data confirm that PRM infestations can impact the main performance traits related to profitability of laying hen farms as well as the hens' general condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Sleeckx
- Experimental Poultry Centre - Province of Antwerp , Geel , Belgium
| | | | - Rik Koopman
- MSD Animal Health International , Boxmeer , Netherlands
| | - Ine Kempen
- Experimental Poultry Centre - Province of Antwerp , Geel , Belgium
| | | | - Kris De Baere
- Experimental Poultry Centre - Province of Antwerp , Geel , Belgium
| | - Johan Zoons
- Experimental Poultry Centre - Province of Antwerp , Geel , Belgium
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Xu X, Wang C, Zhang S, Huang Y, Pan T, Wang B, Pan B. Acaricidal efficacy of orally administered macrocyclic lactones against poultry red mites (Dermanyssus gallinae) on chicks and their impacts on mite reproduction and blood-meal digestion. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:345. [PMID: 31300011 PMCID: PMC6624947 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3599-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The poultry red mite (PRM), Dermanyssus gallinae, is one of the most economically deleterious threats to laying-hen industry worldwide. Macrocyclic lactones (MLs) have been widely used in control of mites in mammals, but the effects of MLs on PRMs are not well studied. The main objective of the present study was to systematically evaluate the effects of three MLs, i.e. eprinomectin (EPR), moxidectin (MOX) or ivermectin (IVM), on PRMs fed on chicks following oral administration. Methods Chicks in treatment groups were orally administrated with EPR, MOX or IVM at a dose of 5.0 mg/kg bodyweight. Chicks in the control group received the carrier solvent without drug. Chicks in each cage were then infested with 200 starved adult D. gallinae. After infestation and feeding for 12 h, engorged mites were collected to evaluate the acaricidal efficacy of the MLs, and its impacts on the reproduction and blood-meal digestion of D. gallinae. Results MOX, IVM and EPR demonstrated higher acaricidal efficacies post-treatment compared with the control, i.e. 45.60% for MOX, 71.32% for IVM and 100% for EPR on Day 10. MLs did not have significant effects on the blood-meal ingestion of PRMs, but significantly slowed down blood digestion (P < 0.0001). The oviposition rate, egg hatching rate and fecundity of PRMs in treatment groups were remarkably reduced. Among the three MLs, EPR exhibited the highest performance against PRMs, with an oviposition rate of 1.04%, fecundity of 0.33 eggs per mite and a zero egg hatching rate in EPR treated groups. Conclusions EPR, MOX or IVM administrated orally to chicks increased the mortality of D. gallinae, significantly slowed down their blood-meal digestion and significantly reduced their reproductive capability which included the oviposition rate, fecundity and egg hatching rate. The present study highlights the potential of MLs in the control of PRMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Xu
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chuanwen Wang
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shudong Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tingting Pan
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bohan Wang
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Baoliang Pan
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Yarto Jaramillo E, Osorio Marquez R, Rangel Díaz J, Romero Núñez C, Miranda Contreras L, Heredia Cardenas R. Effect of oral afoxolaner on naturally occurring infestations of peacocks by the louseGoniodes pavonis. Vet Dermatol 2018; 30:167-e50. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Yarto Jaramillo
- Centro Veterinario México Calle Cincinnati #22, Benito Juárez, Cd de los Deportes 03710 Ciudad de México México
| | - Rufino Osorio Marquez
- Parque Zoológico “Benito Juárez” de Morelia Calzada Juárez S/N, Félix Ireta C.P. 58070 Morelia Michoacán México
| | - Josué Rangel Díaz
- Parque Zoológico “Benito Juárez” de Morelia Calzada Juárez S/N, Félix Ireta C.P. 58070 Morelia Michoacán México
| | - Camilo Romero Núñez
- Centro Universitario UAEM Amecameca Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Km. 2.5 Carretera Amecameca‐Ayapango 56900 Amecameca de Juárez México
| | - Laura Miranda Contreras
- Centro Universitario UAEM Amecameca Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Km. 2.5 Carretera Amecameca‐Ayapango 56900 Amecameca de Juárez México
| | - Rafael Heredia Cardenas
- Centro Universitario UAEM Amecameca Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Km. 2.5 Carretera Amecameca‐Ayapango 56900 Amecameca de Juárez México
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Tomer H, Blum T, Arye I, Faigenboim A, Gottlieb Y, Ment D. Activity of native and commercial strains of Metarhizium spp. against the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae under different environmental conditions. Vet Parasitol 2018; 262:20-25. [PMID: 30389007 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The poultry red mite (PRM), Dermanyssus gallinae, is a major pest of laying hens with extremely limited control means. To evaluate the potential of natural and commercial entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) for use against D. gallinae, we tested four wild populations of D. gallinae from Israeli farms. The genus Aspergillus was identified as the most abundant isolates from the mites. Additionally, eight new isolates of Metarhizium belonging to the specie M. brunneum were identified. At all sites from which mites were collected in both seasons, the abundance of fungi on D. gallinae was greater during the winter season than during the summer season. Through indirect inoculations of adult D. gallinae, we examined the virulence of the native Metarhizium species, the commercial strain Ma-43 and a previously described acaropathogenic strain (Ma-7). All of the Metarhizium strains caused 56-95% mortality of adult mites by seven days after inoculation at a concentration of 5 × 105 conidia per cm2. The efficacies of Ma-43, Ma-7 and the most promising native strain were tested under optimal abiotic conditions (28°C; 85-100% RH) and abiotic conditions similar to those typically found in a poultry house (30 °C; 60% RH). Under optimal conditions, the efficacy of all three stains ranged between 85 and 92%. In contrast, under poultry-house conditions, the efficacy of control ranged between 30 and 40%. The incidence of mycoses on mite cadavers was significantly decreased under poultry-house conditions. These results demonstrate the potential of native and commercial Metarhizium strains for use as biopesticides. Future research should address suitable delivery methods and formulations for the effective control of D. gallinae under poultry-house conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadas Tomer
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Plant Protection Institute, ARO, The Volcani Center, HaMaccabim Road 68, Rishon LeZion, 7528809, Israel
| | - Tal Blum
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Plant Protection Institute, ARO, The Volcani Center, HaMaccabim Road 68, Rishon LeZion, 7528809, Israel
| | - Ilan Arye
- Department of Poultry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Extension Service, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon LeZion, 7528809, Israel
| | - Adi Faigenboim
- Plant Science Institute, ARO, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon LeZion, 7528809, Israel
| | - Yuval Gottlieb
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Dana Ment
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Plant Protection Institute, ARO, The Volcani Center, HaMaccabim Road 68, Rishon LeZion, 7528809, Israel.
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Thomas E, Zoller H, Liebisch G, Alves LFA, Vettorato L, Chiummo RM, Sigognault-Flochlay A. In vitro activity of fluralaner and commonly used acaricides against Dermanyssus gallinae isolates from Europe and Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:361. [PMID: 29941050 PMCID: PMC6019301 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2956-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae negatively impacts bird welfare and health, and interferes with egg production and quality, while emerging acaricide resistance limits control options. Fluralaner, a novel miticide for administration in drinking water, is approved for control of D. gallinae infestations. Mite sensitivity testing is relevant to gauge field isolate susceptibility to available treatments. Methods Thirteen D. gallinae isolates collected during 2014 through 2016 from farms in Germany, France, Spain and Brazil, and a 2001 laboratory-maintained isolate were used for acaricide contact sensitivity testing. Tested compounds were cypermethrin, deltamethrin, phoxim, propoxur, and the recently available acaricides, spinosad and fluralaner. In each study, at least one isolate was exposed to increasing concentrations of at least one acaricide. In one study, additional testing determined the sensitivity of the 2001 isolate to fluralaner using a mite-feeding test, and of fluralaner, phoxim and spinosad using an immersion test. At least two replicates were used for each dilution. Vehicle and untreated controls were also included. Results Based on 90% mortality (LC90) values, the laboratory isolate was susceptible to fluralaner (15.6–62.5 parts per million, ppm), phoxim (< 500 ppm), propoxur (< 125 ppm), and deltamethrin (500–1000 ppm). All field isolates remained sensitive to fluralaner concentrations ≤ 125 ppm. Spinosad LC90 values for laboratory and field isolates ranged between 2000–4000 ppm. For phoxim, relative to the laboratory isolate, there was reduced sensitivity of two German isolates (LC90 up to 4000 ppm) and two French isolates (> 4000 ppm). An isolate from Spain demonstrated reduced sensitivity to phoxim, propoxur and deltamethrin; an isolate from Brazil showed reduced sensitivity to propoxur and cypermethrin. Mite LC90 when exposed to fluralaner by blood feeding was < 0.1 ppm. Conclusions Contact sensitivity testing indicated apparent resistance to at least one of phoxim, deltamethrin, cypermethrin and propoxur in 13 field isolates from Europe and Brazil. All isolates were highly susceptible to fluralaner. Fluralaner was approximately 1000 times more active by feeding than by contact. Fluralaner’s distinct mode of action and efficacy against isolates largely refractory to those acaricides, makes it a promising option for the control of D. gallinae infestations of poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Thomas
- MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Zur Propstei, 55270, Schwabenheim, Germany.
| | - Hartmut Zoller
- MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Zur Propstei, 55270, Schwabenheim, Germany
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