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da Costa Paz A, Chaves BA, Godoy RSM, Coelho DF, Vieira Júnior AB, Alencar RM, Alcântara JA, Félix LDS, Oliveira CCA, Monteiro WM, Lacerda MVG, Secundino NFC, Pimenta PFP. Vector Competence for Zika Virus Changes Depending on the Aedes aegypti's Region of Origin in Manaus: A Study of an Endemic Brazilian Amazonian City. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030770. [PMID: 36992479 PMCID: PMC10058289 DOI: 10.3390/v15030770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is transmitted to humans by the infectious bite of mosquitoes such as Aedes aegypti. In a city, the population control of mosquitoes is carried out according to alerts generated by different districts via the analysis of the mosquito index. However, we do not know whether, besides mosquito abundance, the susceptibility of mosquitoes could also diverge among districts and thus impact the dissemination and transmission of arboviruses. After a viremic blood meal, the virus must infect the midgut, disseminate to tissues, and reach the salivary gland to be transmitted to a vertebrate host. This study evaluated the patterns of ZIKV infection in the Ae. aegypti field populations of a city. The disseminated infection rate, viral transmission rate, and transmission efficiency were measured using quantitative PCR at 14 days post-infection. The results showed that all Ae. aegypti populations had individuals susceptible to ZIKV infection and able to transmit the virus. The infection parameters showed that the geographical area of origin of the Ae. aegypti influences its vector competence for ZIKV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia da Costa Paz
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus 69040-000, Amazonas, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus 69040-000, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Aparecida Chaves
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus 69040-000, Amazonas, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus 69040-000, Amazonas, Brazil
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, IOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Raquel Soares Maia Godoy
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, IOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Fiocruz, IOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Ademir Bentes Vieira Júnior
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus 69040-000, Amazonas, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus 69040-000, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Maciel Alencar
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus 69040-000, Amazonas, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus 69040-000, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - João Arthur Alcântara
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus 69040-000, Amazonas, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus 69040-000, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Luiza Dos Santos Félix
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, IOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Fiocruz, IOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cinthia Catharina Azevedo Oliveira
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, IOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Fiocruz, IOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus 69040-000, Amazonas, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus 69040-000, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Guimarães Lacerda
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus 69040-000, Amazonas, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus 69040-000, Amazonas, Brazil
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Manaus 79057-070, Amazonas, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Nágila Francinete Costa Secundino
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus 69040-000, Amazonas, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus 69040-000, Amazonas, Brazil
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, IOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Fiocruz, IOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paulo Filemon Paolucci Pimenta
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus 69040-000, Amazonas, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus 69040-000, Amazonas, Brazil
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, IOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Fiocruz, IOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Gutiérrez-López R, Figuerola J, Martínez-de la Puente J. Methodological procedures explain observed differences in the competence of European populations of Aedes albopictus for the transmission of Zika virus. Acta Trop 2023; 237:106724. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Garcia GA, Lord AR, Santos LMB, Kariyawasam TN, David MR, Couto-Lima D, Tátila-Ferreira A, Pavan MG, Sikulu-Lord MT, Maciel-de-Freitas R. Rapid and Non-Invasive Detection of Aedes aegypti Co-Infected with Zika and Dengue Viruses Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy. Viruses 2022; 15:11. [PMID: 36680052 PMCID: PMC9863061 DOI: 10.3390/v15010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The transmission of dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) has been continuously increasing worldwide. An efficient arbovirus surveillance system is critical to designing early-warning systems to increase preparedness of future outbreaks in endemic countries. The Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) is a promising high throughput technique to detect arbovirus infection in Ae. aegypti with remarkable advantages such as cost and time effectiveness, reagent-free, and non-invasive nature over existing molecular tools for similar purposes, enabling timely decision making through rapid detection of potential disease. Our aim was to determine whether NIRS can differentiate Ae. aegypti females infected with either ZIKV or DENV single infection, and those coinfected with ZIKV/DENV from uninfected ones. Using 200 Ae. aegypti females reared and infected in laboratory conditions, the training model differentiated mosquitoes into the four treatments with 100% accuracy. DENV-, ZIKV-, and ZIKV/DENV-coinfected mosquitoes that were used to validate the model could be correctly classified into their actual infection group with a predictive accuracy of 100%, 84%, and 80%, respectively. When compared with mosquitoes from the uninfected group, the three infected groups were predicted as belonging to the infected group with 100%, 97%, and 100% accuracy for DENV-infected, ZIKV-infected, and the co-infected group, respectively. Preliminary lab-based results are encouraging and indicate that NIRS should be tested in field settings to evaluate its potential role to monitor natural infection in field-caught mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela A. Garcia
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anton R. Lord
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Spectroscopy and Data Consultants Pty Ltd., Brisbane, QLD 4035, Australia
| | - Lilha M. B. Santos
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana R. David
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dinair Couto-Lima
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline Tátila-Ferreira
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Márcio G. Pavan
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maggy T. Sikulu-Lord
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Rafael Maciel-de-Freitas
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Arbovirology, Bernhard Nocht Institute of Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
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Ramos LFC, Martins M, Murillo JR, Domont GB, de Oliveira DMP, Nogueira FCS, Maciel-de-Freitas R, Junqueira M. Interspecies Isobaric Labeling-Based Quantitative Proteomics Reveals Protein Changes in the Ovary of Aedes aegypti Coinfected With ZIKV and Wolbachia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:900608. [PMID: 35873163 PMCID: PMC9302590 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.900608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika is a vector-borne disease caused by an arbovirus (ZIKV) and overwhelmingly transmitted by Ae. aegypti. This disease is linked to adverse fetal outcomes, mostly microcephaly in newborns, and other clinical aspects such as acute febrile illness and neurologic complications, for example, Guillain-Barré syndrome. One of the most promising strategies to mitigate arbovirus transmission involves releasing Ae. aegypti mosquitoes carrying the maternally inherited endosymbiont bacteria Wolbachia pipientis. The presence of Wolbachia is associated with a reduced susceptibility to arboviruses and a fitness cost in mosquito life-history traits such as fecundity and fertility. However, the mechanisms by which Wolbachia influences metabolic pathways leading to differences in egg production remains poorly known. To investigate the impact of coinfections on the reproductive tract of the mosquito, we applied an isobaric labeling-based quantitative proteomic strategy to investigate the influence of Wolbachia wMel and ZIKV infection in Ae. aegypti ovaries. To the best of our knowledge, this is the most complete proteome of Ae. aegypti ovaries reported so far, with a total of 3913 proteins identified, were also able to quantify 1044 Wolbachia proteins in complex sample tissue of Ae. aegypti ovary. Furthermore, from a total of 480 mosquito proteins modulated in our study, we discuss proteins and pathways altered in Ae. aegypti during ZIKV infections, Wolbachia infections, coinfection Wolbachia/ZIKV, and compared with no infection, focusing on immune and reproductive aspects of Ae. aegypti. The modified aspects mainly were related to the immune priming enhancement by Wolbachia presence and the modulation of the Juvenile Hormone pathway caused by both microorganism’s infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Felipe Costa Ramos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Michele Martins
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jimmy Rodriguez Murillo
- Division of Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gilberto Barbosa Domont
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio César Sousa Nogueira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Maciel-de-Freitas
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Arbovirology, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Magno Junqueira, ; Rafael Maciel-de-Freitas,
| | - Magno Junqueira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Magno Junqueira, ; Rafael Maciel-de-Freitas,
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Nuñez AI, Talavera S, Birnberg L, Rivas R, Pujol N, Verdún M, Aranda C, Berdugo M, Busquets N. Evidence of Zika virus horizontal and vertical transmission in Aedes albopictus from Spain but not infectious virus in saliva of the progeny. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 9:2236-2244. [PMID: 33008282 PMCID: PMC7594878 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1830718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Aedes albopictus mosquitoes have been experimentally demonstrated to be a competent vector for Zika virus (ZIKV) in different countries, but there are still some gaps related to the importance of Ae. albopictus in ZIKV transmission. Recent studies on Spanish Ae. albopictus populations showed controversial results for ZIKV transmission and no studies have been performed yet to detect infectious ZIKV in saliva of progeny of infected female mosquitoes. Herein, the horizontal transmission (HT) and vertical transmission (VT) of ZIKV in field-collected Ae. albopictus mosquitoes from Spain were evaluated for ZIKV strains (African I and Asian lineages) to better estimate the risk of ZIKV transmission by Ae. albopictus. The two field-collected Ae. albopictus populations assayed were infected by all tested ZIKV strains, however differences in terms of vector competence were detected depending on strain-population combination. Moreover, a higher susceptibility to the African I lineage strain than to the Asian lineage strain was observed in both mosquito populations. On the other hand, VT was demonstrated for both ZIKV lineages, detecting the virus in both males and females of the progeny of infected females, although importantly ZIKV dissemination and transmission were not detected in the infected females from the offspring. The results of the present study demonstrate that Spanish Ae. albopictus populations could sustain virus transmission in case of ZIKV introduction, but VT would play a poor role in the ZIKV epidemiology. Overall, our results provide helpful information to health authorities to establish efficient surveillance and vector control programmes for ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Nuñez
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Sandra Talavera
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Lotty Birnberg
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Raquel Rivas
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Núria Pujol
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Marta Verdún
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Carles Aranda
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain.,Consell Comarcal del Baix Llobregat, Servei de Control de Mosquits, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Berdugo
- Institut de Biología evolutiva de Barcelona, Universidad Pompeu Fabra-CSIC, Dr. Aigüader 88, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Núria Busquets
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
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Lequime S, Dehecq JS, Matheus S, de Laval F, Almeras L, Briolant S, Fontaine A. Modeling intra-mosquito dynamics of Zika virus and its dose-dependence confirms the low epidemic potential of Aedes albopictus. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1009068. [PMID: 33382858 PMCID: PMC7774846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Originating from African forests, Zika virus (ZIKV) has now emerged worldwide in urbanized areas, mainly transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Although Aedes albopictus can transmit ZIKV experimentally and was suspected to be a ZIKV vector in Central Africa, the potential of this species to sustain virus transmission was yet to be uncovered until the end of 2019, when several autochthonous transmissions of the virus vectored by Ae. albopictus occurred in France. Aside from these few locally acquired ZIKV infections, most territories colonized by Ae. albopictus have been spared so far. The risk level of ZIKV emergence in these areas remains however an open question. To assess Ae. albopictus' vector potential for ZIKV and identify key virus outbreak predictors, we built a complete framework using the complementary combination of (i) dose-dependent experimental Ae. albopictus exposure to ZIKV followed by time-dependent assessment of infection and systemic infection rates, (ii) modeling of intra-human ZIKV viremia dynamics, and (iii) in silico epidemiological simulations using an Agent-Based Model. The highest risk of transmission occurred during the pre-symptomatic stage of the disease, at the peak of viremia. At this dose, mosquito infection probability was estimated to be 20%, and 21 days were required to reach the median systemic infection rates. Mosquito population origin, either temperate or tropical, had no impact on infection rates or intra-host virus dynamic. Despite these unfavorable characteristics for transmission, Ae. albopictus was still able to trigger and yield large outbreaks in a simulated environment in the presence of sufficiently high mosquito biting rates. Our results reveal a low but existing epidemic potential of Ae. albopictus for ZIKV, that might explain the absence of large scale ZIKV epidemics so far in territories occupied only by Ae. albopictus. They nevertheless support active surveillance and eradication programs in these territories to maintain the risk of emergence to a low level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Lequime
- Cluster of Microbial Ecology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Sébastien Dehecq
- French Ministry of Health, Agence Régionale de Santé de La Réunion, Vector control Unit, La Reunion Island, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Séverine Matheus
- Laboratory of Virology, National Reference Center for Arboviruses, Institut Pasteur, Guyane Française, Cayenne, France
- Environment and infections risks unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Franck de Laval
- SSA, Service de Santé des Armées, CESPA, Centre d’épidémiologie et de santé publique des armées, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, Marseille, France
| | - Lionel Almeras
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et maladies infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, UMR Vecteurs–Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Sébastien Briolant
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et maladies infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, UMR Vecteurs–Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Albin Fontaine
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et maladies infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, UMR Vecteurs–Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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Valerio L, Roure Díez S, Benítez R, Fernández-Rivas G, Rivaya B, Expósito C, Saperas C, Salvador F, Clotet B. [Intensified epidemiological surveillance of arbovirosis: First case of native dengue fever in Catalonia (Spain), Northern Metropolitan Area of Barcelona, 2018-2019]. Aten Primaria 2020; 53:73-80. [PMID: 33342482 PMCID: PMC7752977 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo Valorar los resultados obtenidos por una red de vigilancia epidemiológica y asistencial de arbovirosis compuesta por médicos y profesionales de enfermería de hospital y atención primaria (AP) formados en su identificación, confirmación diagnóstica y manejo clínico. Emplazamiento Zona Sanitaria Metropolitana Norte de Barcelona (1.400.000 habitantes; Cataluña, España) durante un año natural. Participantes Diecisiete médicos (7 de AP y 10 hospitalarios) más 4 enfermeros/as de AP. Tipo de estudio Estudio observacional prospectivo. Mediciones principales Se definieron variables demográficas, epidemiológicas (caso autóctono/importado, sospechoso/probable/confirmado) y asistenciales (síntomas, perfil serológico, periodo virémico). Resultados De los 34 pacientes identificados cumplían criterios de estudio 26 (76,5%) casos; de ellos, se confirmó alguna arbovirosis en 14 (53,8%): 13 fiebres dengues más 1 chikungunya. No se registraron casos de fiebre de zika. Existían antecedentes de viaje a zonas endémicas (23; 88,4%), pero no en 3 casos (11,6%), en los que se consideró la posibilidad de una transmisión autóctona; de ellos, se confirmó un caso de dengue. La incidencia estimada de arbovirosis fue de 0,4 (IC 95%: 0,33-0,51) casos × 10.000 hab./año, que, comparada con la incidencia estimada en la misma área geográfica durante el periodo 2009-2013 (0,19 casos × 10.000 hab./año; IC 95%: 0,07-0,31), mostró un incremento significativo (p = 0,044). Los pacientes en periodo de viremia al momento de la primera visita médica fueron 11 (42,3%). Conclusiones Un programa de vigilancia epidemiológica intensificada definido a nivel de AP y hospitalario es capaz de detectar significativamente más casos de arbovirosis importadas y transmitidas autóctonamente. Posiblemente asistimos a un aumento en la incidencia de arbovirosis importadas, por lo que las medidas encaminadas a su identificación y confirmación deben reforzarse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluís Valerio
- Programa de Salut Internacional (PROSICS) Metropolitana Norte, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, España.
| | - Sílvia Roure Díez
- Programa de Salut Internacional (PROSICS) Metropolitana Norte, Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut Català de la Salut, Badalona, Barcelona, España
| | - Rosa Benítez
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Municipal de Badalona, Badalona Serveis Assistencials, Badalona, Barcelona, España
| | - Gema Fernández-Rivas
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut Català de la Salut, Badalona, Barcelona, España
| | - Belén Rivaya
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut Català de la Salut, Badalona, Barcelona, España
| | - Carme Expósito
- Área Básica de Salud Sabadell Centre, Dirección de Atención Primaria Metropolitana Norte, Institut Català de la Salut, Sabadell, Barcelona, España
| | - Carme Saperas
- Área Básica de Salud Mollet - CAP Plana Lledó, Dirección de Atención Primaria Metropolitana Norte, Institut Català de la Salut, Mollet del Vallés, Barcelona, España
| | - Fernando Salvador
- Programa de Salut Internacional (PROSICS) Barcelona Ciudad, Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, España
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut Català de la Salut, Badalona, Barcelona, España
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Gomard Y, Lebon C, Mavingui P, Atyame CM. Contrasted transmission efficiency of Zika virus strains by mosquito species Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus from Reunion Island. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:398. [PMID: 32762767 PMCID: PMC7412802 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04267-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that recently emerged in the South Pacific islands and Americas where unprecedented outbreaks were reported. Although Aedes aegypti is considered to be the main vector for ZIKV, other mosquito species have been shown to be potential vectors and differences in vector competence with respect to mosquito strain and ZIKV strain have been demonstrated. In this study we compared the vector competence of three mosquito species Aedes albopictus, Ae. aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus from Reunion Island for three ZIKV strains. METHODS Five mosquito strains (2 strains of Ae. albopictus, 1 of Ae. aegypti and 2 of Cx. quinquefasciatus) were exposed to three ZIKV strains: one African strain (Dak84) and two Asian strains (PaRi_2015 and MAS66). The vector competence parameters (infection rate, dissemination efficiency and transmission efficiency) and viral loads were examined at 14 and 21 days post-infection. RESULTS The two Cx. quinquefasciatus strains did not become infected and were therefore unable to either disseminate or transmit any of the three ZIKV strains. Aedes albopictus and Ae. aegypti strains were poorly competent for the two Asian ZIKV strains, while both mosquito species displayed higher infection rates, dissemination and transmission efficiencies for the African ZIKV Dak84 strain. However, this African ZIKV strain was better transmitted by Ae. aegypti as compared to Ae. albopictus. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that both Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti, from Reunion Island, are more likely to be competent for ZIKV in contrast to Cx. quinquefasciatus which appeared refractory to all tested ZIKV strains. This improves our understanding of the role of mosquito species in the risk of the ZIKV emergence on Reunion Island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Gomard
- UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical), Université de La Réunion, INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France.
| | - Cyrille Lebon
- UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical), Université de La Réunion, INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Patrick Mavingui
- UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical), Université de La Réunion, INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France.
| | - Célestine M Atyame
- UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical), Université de La Réunion, INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
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9
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Zika circulation, congenital syndrome, and current guidelines: making sense of it all for the traveller. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2020; 32:381-389. [PMID: 31305494 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Zika virus (ZIKV) swept through the Americas and led to recognition of its neurotropism. Zika circulation elsewhere in the world, nonvector transmission including maternal-fetal/sexual/transfusion routes, and additional reports on congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) have been published. RECENT FINDINGS In 2018-2019, ZIKV transmission occurred in Cuba, India, and is suspected to appear sporadically in other countries. Maternal-fetal ZIKV transmission appears to occur in about 26% of ZIKV-infected pregnant women. The US ZIKV Pregnancy and Infant Registry identified 6% of live births to have at least one ZIKV-associated birth defect; 9% had at least one neurodevelopmental abnormality; 1% had both. Infectious virus was rarely isolated from semen of ZIKV-infected male patients beyond day 38 after symptom onset. Brazilian blood donations had low ZIKV prevalence in 2015-2016; in the United States, screening donations was cost-effective only in the high mosquito season in Puerto Rico. SUMMARY ZIKV transmission continues; many countries with competent mosquitoes are at risk. Transmission can occur without detection where surveillance is poor and laboratory capacity limited. Travelers are important sentinels. Variations exist among ZIKV strains and Aedes mosquitoes that influence competence for transmission. Maternal-fetal transmission results in significant rates of abnormality. Identification of infectious virus in semen clarifies sexual transmission risk, with updated recommendations for preconception planning. ZIKV neurotropism requires further research and long-term follow-up.
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10
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Ward MJ, Carter BH, Walsh CES, Yukich JO, Wesson DM, Christofferson RC. Short Report: Asymptomatic Zika virus infections with low viral loads not likely to establish transmission in New Orleans Aedes populations. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233309. [PMID: 32469909 PMCID: PMC7259492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are both vectors of Zika virus and both are endemic to the New Orleans Metropolitan area. Fortunately, to date there has been no known autochthonous transmission of Zika virus in New Orleans. No studies of the vector competence of local populations of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus for Zika virus transmission have been conducted. To determine if New Orleans Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes are competent for Zika virus, mosquitoes were reared to generation F3 from eggs collected in New Orleans during the 2018 mosquito season. Adults were fed an infectious blood meal and kept for 15 days in an environmental chamber. Transmission assays were conducted at 4, 10, and 15 days post exposure and RT-PCR was run on bodies and saliva to detect the presence of Zika virus RNA. We observed remarkably low susceptibility of both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus from New Orleans to a Zika strain from Panama after oral challenge. These results suggest a limited risk of Zika virus transmission should it be introduced to the New Orleans area, and may partially explain why no transmission was detected in Louisiana during the 2016 epidemic in the Americas, despite multiple known travel associated introductions to New Orleans. Despite these results these mosquito populations are known to be competent vectors for some other mosquito-borne viruses and control measures should not be relaxed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Ward
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Brendan H. Carter
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Christine E. S. Walsh
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Joshua O. Yukich
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Dawn M. Wesson
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Rebecca C. Christofferson
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
- Center for Computation and Technology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Pereira-dos-Santos T, Roiz D, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, Paupy C. A Systematic Review: Is Aedes albopictus an Efficient Bridge Vector for Zoonotic Arboviruses? Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9040266. [PMID: 32272651 PMCID: PMC7238240 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9040266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne arboviruses are increasing due to human disturbances of natural ecosystems and globalization of trade and travel. These anthropic changes may affect mosquito communities by modulating ecological traits that influence the “spill-over” dynamics of zoonotic pathogens, especially at the interface between natural and human environments. Particularly, the global invasion of Aedes albopictus is observed not only across urban and peri-urban settings, but also in newly invaded areas in natural settings. This could foster the interaction of Ae. albopictus with wildlife, including local reservoirs of enzootic arboviruses, with implications for the potential zoonotic transfer of pathogens. To evaluate the potential of Ae. albopictus as a bridge vector of arboviruses between wildlife and humans, we performed a bibliographic search and analysis focusing on three components: (1) The capacity of Ae. albopictus to exploit natural larval breeding sites, (2) the blood-feeding behaviour of Ae. albopictus, and (3) Ae. albopictus’ vector competence for arboviruses. Our analysis confirms the potential of Ae. albopictus as a bridge vector based on its colonization of natural breeding sites in newly invaded areas, its opportunistic feeding behaviour together with the preference for human blood, and the competence to transmit 14 arboviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taissa Pereira-dos-Santos
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France;
- Correspondence: (T.P.-d.-S.); (C.P.)
| | - David Roiz
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France;
| | | | - Christophe Paupy
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France;
- Correspondence: (T.P.-d.-S.); (C.P.)
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12
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Araujo RV, Feitosa-Suntheimer F, Gold AS, Londono-Renteria B, Colpitts TM. One-step RT-qPCR assay for ZIKV RNA detection in Aedes aegypti samples: a protocol to study infection and gene expression during ZIKV infection. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:128. [PMID: 32171303 PMCID: PMC7071672 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-4002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Zika virus (ZIKV) is transmitted to humans during the bite of an infected mosquito. In a scenario of globalization and climate change, the frequency of outbreaks has and will increase in areas with competent vectors, revealing a need for continuous improvement of ZIKV detection tools in vector populations. A simple, rapid and sensitive assay for viral detection is quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), yet oligos optimized for ZIKV detection in mammalian cells and samples have repeatedly shown high background when used on mosquito ribonucleic acid (RNA). In this paper, we present a one-step qRT-PCR protocol that allows for the detection of ZIKV in mosquitoes and for the evaluation of gene expression from the same mosquito sample and RNA. This assay is a less expensive qRT-PCR approach than that most frequently used in the literature and has a much lower background, allowing confident detection. Methods Our new oligo design to detect ZIKV RNA included in silico analysis of both viral and mosquito (Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus) genomes, targeting sequences conserved between Asian and African ZIKV lineages, but not matching Aedes genomes. This assay will allow researchers to avoid nonspecific amplification in insect samples due to viral integration into the mosquito genome, a phenomenon known to happen in wild and colonized populations of mosquitoes. Standard curves constructed with in vitro transcribed ZIKV RNA were used to optimize the sensitivity, efficiency and reproducibility of the assay. Results Finally, the assay was used with success to detect both ZIKV RNA in infected mosquitoes and to detect expression of the Defensin A gene, an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) involved in Aedes aegypti immune response to virus infection. Conclusions The experimental approach to detect ZIKV RNA in Aedes aegypti presented here has demonstrated to be specific, sensitive and reliable, and additionally it allows for the analysis of mosquito gene expression during ZIKV infection.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Vieira Araujo
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.,Climate Division, Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovations and Communications, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Feitosa-Suntheimer
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander S Gold
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Tonya M Colpitts
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. .,National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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13
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Estimating the risk of arbovirus transmission in Southern Europe using vector competence data. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17852. [PMID: 31780744 PMCID: PMC6882796 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Arboviral diseases such as chikungunya, dengue, and Zika viruses have been threatening the European countries since the introduction in 1979 of the major vector Aedes albopictus. In 2017, more than three hundred of CHIKV autochthonous cases were reported in Italy, highlighting the urgent need for a risk assessment of arboviral diseases in European countries. In this study, the vector competence for three major arboviruses were analyzed in eight Ae. albopictus populations from Europe. Here we show that Southern European Ae. albopictus were susceptible to CHIKV, DENV-1 and ZIKV with the highest vector competence for CHIKV. Based on vector competence data and vector distribution, a prediction risk map for CHIKV was generated stressing the fear of CHIKV and to a lesser extent, of other arboviruses for Europe, calling us for new public health strategies.
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14
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Hernández-Triana LM, Barrero E, Delacour-Estrella S, Ruiz-Arrondo I, Lucientes J, Fernández de Marco MDM, Thorne L, Lumley S, Johnson N, Mansfield KL, Fooks AR. Evidence for infection but not transmission of Zika virus by Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Spain. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:204. [PMID: 31053164 PMCID: PMC6500059 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3467-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A number of mosquito-borne viruses such as dengue virus (DENV), Usutu virus (USUV), West Nile virus (WNV) are autochthonously transmitted in Europe and six invasive mosquito species have been detected in this temperate region. This has increased the risk for the emergence of further mosquito-borne diseases. However, there is a paucity of information on whether European populations of invasive mosquito species are competent to transmit arboviruses. In this study, the susceptibility of Aedes albopictus originating from Spain and a laboratory-adapted colony of Aedes aegypti, was assessed for infection with, and transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV). Vertical transmission in both species was also assessed. Methods Aedes albopictus colonised from eggs collected in Spain and an existing colony of Ae. aegypti were fed infectious blood meals containing ZIKV (Polynesian strain) at 1.6 × 107 PFU/ml. Blood-fed mosquitoes were separated and maintained at 20 °C or 25 °C. Legs, saliva and bodies were sampled from specimens at 7, 14 and 21 days post-infection (dpi) in order to determine infection, dissemination and transmission rates. All samples were analysed by real-time RT-PCR using primers targeting the ZIKV NS1 gene. Results At 14 dpi and 21 dpi, ZIKV RNA was detected in the bodies of both species at both temperatures. However, live virus only was detected in the saliva of Ae. aegypti at 25 °C with a transmission rate of 44%. No evidence for virus expectoration was obtained for Ae. albopictus under any condition. Notably, ZIKV RNA was not detectable in the saliva of Ae. aegypti at 20 °C after 21 days. No vertical transmission of ZIKV was detected in this study. Conclusions Experimental infection of Ae. albopictus colonized from Spain with ZIKV did not result in expectoration of virus in saliva in contrast to results for Ae. aegypti. No evidence of vertical transmission of virus was observed in this study. This suggests that this strain of Ae. albopictus is not competent for ZIKV transmission under the conditions tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Hernández-Triana
- Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK.
| | - Elsa Barrero
- Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Sarah Delacour-Estrella
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ruiz-Arrondo
- Center for Rickettsiosis and Vector-Borne Diseases Group, Hospital Universitario San Pedro-CIBIR, Logroño, Spain
| | - Javier Lucientes
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria Del Mar Fernández de Marco
- Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Leigh Thorne
- Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Sarah Lumley
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Nicholas Johnson
- Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK.,Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU27XH, UK
| | - Karen L Mansfield
- Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Anthony R Fooks
- Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK.,Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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15
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Vazeille M, Madec Y, Mousson L, Bellone R, Barré-Cardi H, Sousa CA, Jiolle D, Yébakima A, de Lamballerie X, Failloux AB. Zika virus threshold determines transmission by European Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Emerg Microbes Infect 2019; 8:1668-1678. [PMID: 31735122 PMCID: PMC6882490 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1689797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Since its emergence in Yap Island in 2007, Zika virus (ZIKV) has affected all continents except Europe. Despite the hundreds of cases imported to European countries from ZIKV-infested regions, no local cases have been reported in localities where the ZIKV-competent mosquito Aedes albopictus is well established. Here we analysed the vector competence of European Aedes (aegypti and albopictus) mosquitoes to different genotypes of ZIKV. We demonstrate that Ae. albopictus from France was less susceptible to the Asian ZIKV than to the African ZIKV. Critically we show that effective crossing of anatomical barriers (midgut and salivary glands) after an infectious blood meal depends on a viral load threshold to trigger: (i) viral dissemination from the midgut to infect mosquito internal organs and (ii) viral transmission from the saliva to infect a vertebrate host. A viral load in body ≥4800 viral copies triggered dissemination and ≥12,000 viral copies set out transmission. Only 27.3% and 18.2% of Ae. albopictus Montpellier mosquitoes meet respectively these two criteria. Collectively, these compelling results stress the poor ability of Ae. albopictus to sustain a local transmission of ZIKV in Europe and provide a promising tool to evaluate the risk of ZIKV transmission in future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Vazeille
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Paris, France
| | - Yoann Madec
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Infection and Epidemiology, Emerging Diseases Epidemiology, France
| | - Laurence Mousson
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Paris, France
| | - Rachel Bellone
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Barré-Cardi
- Office de l’Environnement de la Corse, Observatoire Conservatoire des Insectes de Corse, Corte, France
| | - Carla Alexandra Sousa
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Davy Jiolle
- UMR MIVEGEC (IRD 224-CNRS 5290-UM), Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier, France
| | | | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix Marseille Université, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Anna-Bella Failloux
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Paris, France
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