1
|
Lien YY, Shyur LF, Cheng YB, Chang MT, Chang CT, Chen YH, Lai GH, Liao HY, Cheng MC. Trifolium pratense as a novel phytogenic supplement, is an anticoccidial agent in chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104064. [PMID: 39106704 PMCID: PMC11347856 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis, caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Eimeria, is one of the most severe contagious parasite diseases affecting the poultry industry worldwide. Using phytogenics to prevent chicken coccidiosis is a strategy aimed at combating the increasing issue of drug-resistant strains of Eimeria spp. This study demonstrates the anticoccidial activities of a medicinal herb, Trifolium pratense (TP) powder, and its ethanolic extract (designated TPE) against Eimeria spp. TPE exhibited significant suppressive activity against E. maxima oocyst sporulation and E. tenella sporozoite invasion and reproduction in Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells. Furthermore, administration of basal chicken diets containing TP powder or TPE to Eimeria-infected chickens significantly reduced the output of oocysts and severity of intestinal lesions. Dietary supplementation with TP significantly improved relative weight gain in E. tenella- and E. acervulina-infected chickens, while there was no significant improvement in E. maxima-infected chickens. The anticoccidial activities of TP and TPE on E. acervulina, E. tenella and E. maxima were further supported by anticoccidial index scores, which showed greater efficacy than those of amprolium, a commercial coccidiostat used in poultry. TP supplementation positively impacted the primary metabolism of chickens challenged with E. tenella or E. acervulina. The chemical fingerprints of TPE were established using liquid column chromatography; TPE contained 4 major compounds: ononin, sissotrin, formononetin, and biochanin A. In addition, various spectrometric methods were used to ensure the batch-to-batch consistency of TP/TPE. In conclusion, T. pratense is demonstrated to be a novel phytogenic supplement that can be used to control Eimeria-induced coccidiosis in chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yang Lien
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
| | - Lie-Fen Shyur
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; PhD Program in Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Bin Cheng
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ting Chang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ting Chang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Chen
- Taichung District Agriculture Research and Extension Station, Ministry of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Changhua 515, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Hua Lai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Yu Liao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chu Cheng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xiang Q, Wan Y, Pu X, Lu M, Xu L, Yan R, Li X, Song X. Protective efficacy of Eimeria maxima EmLPL and EmTregIM-1 against homologous challenge in chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103865. [PMID: 38810564 PMCID: PMC11166879 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Chicken coccidiosis has inflicted significant economic losses upon the poultry industry. The primary strategies for preventing and controlling chicken coccidiosis include anticoccidial drugs and vaccination. However, these approaches face limitations, such as drug residues and resistance associated with anticoccidial drugs, and safety concerns related to live vaccines. Consequently, the urgent development of innovative vaccines, such as subunit vaccines, is imperative. In previous study, we screened 2 candidate antigens: Eimeria maxima lysophospholipase (EmLPL) and E. maxima regulatory T cell inducing molecule 1 (EmTregIM-1). To investigate the immune protective effect of the 2 candidate antigens against Eimeria maxima (E. maxima) infection, we constructed recombinant plasmids, namely pET-28a-EmLPL and pET-28a-EmTregIM-1, proceeded to induce the expression of recombinant proteins of EmLPL (rEmLPL) and EmTregIM-1 (rEmTregIM-1). The immunogenic properties of these proteins were confirmed through western blot analysis. Targeting EmLPL and EmTregIM-1, we developed subunit vaccines and encapsulated them in PLGA nanoparticles, resulting in nano-vaccines: PLGA-rEmLPL and PLGA-rEmTregIM-1. The efficacy of these vaccines was assessed through animal protection experiments. The results demonstrated that rEmLPL and rEmTregIM-1 were successfully recognized by anti-E. maxima chicken sera and His-conjugated mouse monoclonal antibodies. Immunization with both subunit and nano-vaccines containing EmLPL and EmTregIM-1 markedly mitigated weight loss and reduced oocyst shedding in chickens infected with E. maxima. Furthermore, the anticoccidial indexes (ACI) for both rEmLPL and PLGA-rEmLPL exceeded 160, whereas those for rEmTregIM-1 and PLGA-rEmTregIM-1 were above 120 but did not reach 160, indicating superior protective efficacy of the rEmLPL and PLGA-rEmLPL formulations. By contrast, the protection afforded by rEmTregIM-1 and PLGA-rEmTregIM-1 was comparatively lower. Thus, EmLPL is identified as a promising candidate antigen for vaccine development against E. maxima infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quanjia Xiang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yun Wan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xianglin Pu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Mingmin Lu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Lixin Xu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Ruofeng Yan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xiangrui Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xiaokai Song
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang J, Deng L, Chen M, Che Y, Li L, Zhu L, Chen G, Feng T. Phytogenic feed additives as natural antibiotic alternatives in animal health and production: A review of the literature of the last decade. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 17:244-264. [PMID: 38800730 PMCID: PMC11127233 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The use of antibiotics in animal production raises great public safety concerns; therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of substitutes for antibiotics. In recent decades, plant-derived feed additives have been widely investigated as antibiotic alternatives for use in animal health and production because they exert multiple biological functions and are less likely to induce resistance development. This review summarizes the research history and classification of phytogenic feed additives and their main functions, potential modes of action, influencing factors, and potential negative effects. Further, we highlight the challenges in developing sustainable, safe, and affordable plant-derived antibiotic alternatives for use in livestock production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Sino-US Joint Laboratory of Animal Science, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Lufang Deng
- Feed Branch of Beijing Sanyuan Breeding Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing 101105, China
| | - Meixia Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Sino-US Joint Laboratory of Animal Science, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yuyan Che
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Lu Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Longlong Zhu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Guoshun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Tao Feng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Sino-US Joint Laboratory of Animal Science, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shahininejad H, Rahimi S, Karimi Torshizi MA, Arabkhazaeli F, Ayyari M, Behnamifar A, Abuali M, Grimes J. Comparing the effect of phytobiotic, coccidiostat, toltrazuril, and vaccine on the prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103596. [PMID: 38471232 PMCID: PMC11067760 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study compared 2 herbal anticoccidiosis drugs (water-soluble and feed-additive drugs) with monensin coccidiostat, toltrazuril (TTZ, anticoccidiosis drug), and Livacox Q (anticoccidiosis vaccine) in terms of their effects on the prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in broilers. In this study, 280 Ross 308 broiler chickens (a mix of both genders) were used in a completely randomized design with 7 treatments and 5 replications each including 8 chickens per replicate. On d 21 of rearing, all experimental groups, except for the negative control group (NC), were challenged with a mixed suspension of common strains of Eimeria, and the intended indices were assessed, including performance indices, number of oocysts per gram (OPG) of feces, intestinal injuries, and the total number of intestinal bacteria. In addition, the NC and the group receiving the monensin had greater body weight gain (BWG) (P < 0.05). At the end of week 6, the monensin group had the highest feed intake (FI), while the water soluble medicine treatment resulted in the lowest feed intake (P < 0.05). Regarding the lesion scores on day 28, the highest and lowest rates of jejunal injuries were observed in the positive control group (PC), the monensin and vaccine group respectively. The rate of oocysts excretion (oocysts per gram of feces = OPG) on different days was higher in the PC group, and the use of monensin could further reduce excretion compared to the other groups (P > 0.05). Based on a comparison of the population of lactic acid bacteria between the NC and both medicinal plant treated groups, the use of these products could increase the population of these types of bacteria. Moreover, the population of Escherichia coli was less considerable in the NC and herbal powder groups (P < 0.05). Overall, similar to commercial medicines, the herbal medicines used in this project can be effective in the prevention and treatment of coccidiosis and can improve profitability in broiler rearing centers by improving intestinal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hesam Shahininejad
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14117-13116 Iran
| | - Shaban Rahimi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14117-13116 Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Arabkhazaeli
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 14199-63114 Iran
| | - Mahdi Ayyari
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14117-13116 Iran
| | - Alireza Behnamifar
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14117-13116 Iran
| | - Morteza Abuali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Medicinal Plants-ACECR, Karaj, Alborz, 1419815477 Iran
| | - Jesse Grimes
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608 USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jiang Y, Zeng Y, Chen K, Cheng H, Dai S, Deng X, Wang L, Liao J, Yang R, Zhang L. Effects of natural extract from medicinal herbs on broilers experimentally infected with Eimeria tenella. Vet Parasitol 2024; 327:110107. [PMID: 38401178 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.110107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of natural extracts from nine medicinal herbs (SMA) on the growth performance, immunity, and intestinal integrity of broilers experimentally infected with Eimeria tenella. A total of 252 one-day-old broiler chicks were divided into 7 groups with 3 replicates per group and 12 broilers per cage. The groups were uninfected-untreated blank control group (BC), infected-untreated negative control group (NC), SMA treatment groups, Chinese medicine positive control group (CM), and chemical drug positive control group (CD). The SMA groups were infected and fed a basal diet supplemented with 0.6 (SMA-L), 0.8 (SMA-M), and 1.0 (SMA-H) g/kg SMA. The CM and CD groups were infected and fed a basal diet supplemented with 15 g/kg Jiqiuchong San and 0.2 g/kg Diclazuril, respectively. Results showed that feeding SMA could significantly reduce the number of oocysts in infected chickens, especially 1.0 g/kg SMA, which exhibited moderate anticoccidial efficacy. When infected with E. tenella, the supplementation of 1.0 g/kg SMA increased the renal index; restored the hepatic, splenic, and bursal indexes to BC levels; increased the levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgM, and IgY; and reduced the contents of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-10 of the infected chickens. Moreover, treatment with 1.0 g/kg SMA alleviated the pathological changes in cecal tissue and increased the contents of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin, claudin-1, and mucoprotein 2 (mucin-2) in cecal tissues of E. tenella-infected chickens. We found that 1.0 g/kg SMA reduced the number of oocysts, improved immunity, and alleviated intestinal barrier damage, which could improve the growth performance of infected chickens. Thus, SMA proved to be an effective natural extract against E. tenella and has the potential to be used as an efficient anticoccidial drug or additive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Jiang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Yujuan Zeng
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Keyu Chen
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Haoran Cheng
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Songjiang Dai
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Xuexue Deng
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Long Wang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Jinqiu Liao
- College of Life, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Ruiwu Yang
- College of Life, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Băieş MH, Cotuţiu VD, Spînu M, Mathe A, Cozma-Petruț A, Bolboacǎ SD, Engberg RM, Collin A, Cozma V. In vivo assessment of the antiparasitic effects of Allium sativum L. and Artemisia absinthium L. against gastrointestinal parasites in swine from low-input farms. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:126. [PMID: 38561770 PMCID: PMC10983701 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03983-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethno-veterinary practices could be used as a sustainable developmental tool by integrating traditional phytotherapy and husbandry. Phytotherapeutics are available and used worldwide. However, evidence of their antiparasitic efficacy is currently very limited. Parasitic diseases have a considerable effect on pig production, causing economic losses due to high morbidity and mortality. In this respect, especially smallholders and organic producers face severe challenges. Parasites, as disease causing agents, often outcompete other pathogens in such extensive production systems. A total of 720 faecal samples were collected in two farms from three age categories, i.e. weaners, fatteners, and sows. Flotation (Willis and McMaster method), modified Ziehl-Neelsen stained faecal smear, centrifugal sedimentation, modified Blagg technique, and faecal cultures were used to identify parasites and quantify the parasitic load. RESULTS The examination confirmed the presence of infections with Eimeria spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Balantioides coli (syn. Balantidium coli), Ascaris suum, Oesophagostomum spp., Strongyloides ransomi, and Trichuris suis, distributed based on age category. A dose of 180 mg/kg bw/day of Allium sativum L. and 90 mg/kg bw/day of Artemisia absinthium L. powders, administered for 10 consecutive days, revealed a strong, taxonomy-based antiprotozoal and anthelmintic activity. CONCLUSIONS The results highlighted the therapeutic potential of both A. sativum and A. absinthium against gastrointestinal parasites in pigs. Their therapeutic effectiveness may be attributed to the content in polyphenols, tocopherols, flavonoids, sterols, sesquiterpene lactones, and sulfoxide. Further research is required to establish the minimal effective dose of both plants against digestive parasites in pigs.
Collapse
Grants
- N°816172 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, PPILOW project
- N°816172 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, PPILOW project
- N°816172 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, PPILOW project
- N°816172 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, PPILOW project
- N°816172 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, PPILOW project
- N°816172 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, PPILOW project
- N°816172 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, PPILOW project
- N°816172 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, PPILOW project
- N°816172 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, PPILOW project
- European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, PPILOW project
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihai-Horia Băieş
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mǎnǎştur Street, 400372, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vlad-Dan Cotuţiu
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mǎnǎştur Street, 400372, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marina Spînu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mǎnǎştur Street, 400372, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
| | - Attila Mathe
- Agricultural Research and Development Station of Turda, 27 Agriculturii Street, 401100, Turda, Romania
| | - Anamaria Cozma-Petruț
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Sorana D Bolboacǎ
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ricarda Margaret Engberg
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, 20 Blichers Allé, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Anne Collin
- INRAE, Université de Tours, BOA, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Vasile Cozma
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mǎnǎştur Street, 400372, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences Gheorghe Ionescu-Siseşti (A.S.A.S), 61 Mǎrǎşti Boulevard, 011464, Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yan Z, Chen C, Zhai S, Tang H, Zhu M, Yu Y, Zheng H. Mechanism of Qingchang compound against coccidiosis based on network pharmacology-molecular docking. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1361552. [PMID: 38496310 PMCID: PMC10940363 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1361552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-Eimeria tenella mechanism of Qingchang Compound (QCC) and provide a basis for its clinical application. The active ingredients, active ingredient-disease intersection targets, and possible pathways of QCC for the treatment of chicken coccidiosis were analyzed, the binding ability of pharmacodynamic components and target proteins was determined by network pharmacology and the molecular docking, and a model of infection with coccidiosis was constructed to verify and analyze the mechanism of action of QCC against coccidiosis. Among the 57 components that met the screening conditions, the main bioactive components were quercetin, dichroine, and artemisinin, with IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, and IL-8 as the core targets. Simultaneously, the KEGG signaling pathway of QCC anti-coccidiosis in chickens was enriched, including cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions. The results showed that the main pharmacodynamic components of QCC and the core targets could bind well; artemisinin and alpine possessed the largest negative binding energies and presented the most stable binding states. In addition, in vivo studies showed that QCC reduced blood stool in chickens with coccidiosis, restored cecal injury, and significantly reduced the mRNA and protein expression levels of IL-1β, IL-10, and IFN-γ in ceca (p < 0.01). Our results suggest that the main active ingredients of QCC are artemisinin and alpine and its mechanism of action against coccidiosis may be related to the reduction of the inflammatory response by acting on specific cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Yan
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang, China
| | - Chunlin Chen
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang, China
- Chongqing Research Center of Veterinary Biological Products Engineering Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaoqin Zhai
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang, China
| | - Hongmei Tang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang, China
| | - Maixun Zhu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang, China
| | - Yuandi Yu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang, China
| | - Hua Zheng
- Chongqing Research Center of Veterinary Biological Products Engineering Technology, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nasiri V, Jameie F, Morovati Khamsi H. Detection, Identification, and Characterization of Eimeria spp. from Commercial Chicken Farms in Different Parts of Iran by Morphometrical and Molecular Techniques. Acta Parasitol 2024; 69:854-864. [PMID: 38446343 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-024-00818-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Coccidiosis of domestic chicken is an important disease caused by any of seven species of Eimeria which, by developing within the epithelial cells of the intestine, cause lesions therein. We carried out a study on poultry farms located in various regions of Iran to determine the incidence and spread of Eimeria species by employing a single PCR test. METHODS A total of 64 fully confirmed clinically intestinal tracts were collected from different parts of Iran. From these 64 intestinal tracts, 82 samples were prepared from the different sites involved in the digestive tract. In morphological assessment, 23 samples could not be isolated and its information was not evaluated. RESULTS Using morphological methods, the following seven species of Eimeria were identified: E. acervulina (15/59; 25.42%), E. tenella (30/59; 50.84%), E. maxima (12/59; 20.33%), E. praecox (1/59; 1.69%), E. necatrix (2/59; 3.38%), E. mitis (5/59; 8.47%), and E. mivati (2/59; 3.38%). Mixed infections were found in eight (13.55%) samples. In molecular assessment, 31 samples could not be isolated and its information was not evaluated. Totally, the following five species were identified using molecular methods: E. acervulina (35/51; 68.62%), E. tenella (33/51; 64.70%), E. maxima (6/51; 11.76%), E. brunetti (5/51; 9.80%), and E. necatrix (2/51; 3.92%). Mixed infections were found in 23 (45.09%) samples. CONCLUSIONS The present study is an update on the situation of poultry coccidiosis in Iran and provides the first data on the molecular detection, identification, and characterization of Eimeria spp. in the poultry population of this country and confirmed the presence of different species of this parasite in this area. According to the results, E. acervulina and E. tenella, as the main disease-causing species, should be considered in control programs such as treatment and vaccination strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Nasiri
- Protozoology Laboratory, Parasitology Department, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Farnoosh Jameie
- Protozoology Laboratory, Parasitology Department, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Hassan Morovati Khamsi
- Quality Control Department, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Coroian M, Fábián-Ravasz TZ, Dobrin PR, Györke A. Occurrence of Eimeria spp. and Intestinal Helminths in Free-Range Chickens from Northwest and Central Romania. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:563. [PMID: 38396531 PMCID: PMC10885887 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chickens raised in backyard free-range systems are confronted with a significant threat of parasitic infections. Among the parasitic agents, protozoa belonging to the genus Eimeria and helminths, including Ascaridia galli, Capillaria spp., Heterakis gallinarum, and Strongyloides avium, stand out as the most prevalent. The sampling protocol included sixteen localities in four counties within the Transylvania region of Romania. Fecal samples were collected from chickens reared in a backyard system. Fecal samples were screened for oocysts (O) and eggs (E) by flotation method, and their number per gram of feces (OPG/EPG) was calculated after counting them by McMaster method. Positive samples for Eimeria spp. were further analyzed by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) method to identify the Eimeria species. A total of 145 flocks were tested and the overall prevalence of infection was 53.1%. The most prevalent infections were with A. galli/H. gallinarum (25.5%), and Eimeria spp. (24.8%), followed by Capillaria spp. and strongyles. The mean OPG/EPG values were as follows: 63,577 for Eimeria spp., 157 for Ascaridia/Heterakis, 362 for Capillaria spp., and 1671 for Strongyle eggs. Identified Eimeria species were E. acervulina (41.7%), E. tenella (27.8%), E. praecox (16.7%), E. brunetti (16.7%), OTUy (operational taxonomic unit y) (8.3%), OTUz (operational taxonomic unit z) (8.3%) and E. mitis (5.6%). Intestinal parasites exhibit a high prevalence among chickens in backyard poultry flocks, and the presence of significant parasite burdens can adversely affect both productive and economic aspects. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study that aimed to analyze the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in chickens raised in a backyard free-range system in Romania, and the first report of OTUy species in Europe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mircea Coroian
- Department of Poultry Management and Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (T.-Z.F.-R.); (P.R.D.); (A.G.)
| | - Tünde-Zsuzsánna Fábián-Ravasz
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (T.-Z.F.-R.); (P.R.D.); (A.G.)
| | - Patricia Roxana Dobrin
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (T.-Z.F.-R.); (P.R.D.); (A.G.)
| | - Adriana Györke
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (T.-Z.F.-R.); (P.R.D.); (A.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang Z, Li M, Tan Q, Chen J, Sun J, Li J, Sun L, Chen N, Song Q, Zhao X, Li H, Zhang X. A moderate anticoccidial effect of cedrol on Eimeria tenella in broiler chickens. Parasitol Int 2023; 97:102779. [PMID: 37451395 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2023.102779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
As drug-resistant strains of Eimeria have emerged and concerns about drug residues in poultry have grown, there is renewed interest in identifying natural alternatives to control coccidiosis. Cedrol, a natural sesquiterpene alcohol, was used in this study to test anticoccidial efficacy in chicks. Both the control and treatment groups were orally challenged with 2 × 104 oocysts per chicken. Chicks administered with cedrol had reduced oocyst count, an increase in the relative weight gain rate of chicks, and a decrease in severe swelling of the cecum. Based on the above, ACI was calculated and the cedrol group reached moderate anti-coccidial activity (169.34). In chickens treated with cedrol, there were no changes in serum biochemical parameters, but oxidative stress biomarkers and cytokine levels associated with anticoccidial response were altered. These changes suggest that the administered concentration of cedrol did not have any adverse effects on the chickens while enhancing their antioxidant capacity and immunity, leading to an improved anticoccidial ability. In conclusion, this study shows that the addition of cedrol in poultry production has an anticoccidial effect and successfully improves growth performance during the growth period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhao Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Muzi Li
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qing'dao, China
| | - Qianqian Tan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Junpeng Chen
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jinkun Sun
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jinxuan Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Lingyu Sun
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Nianyuan Chen
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Qingyang Song
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pu X, Pan Y, Xiang Q, Lu M, Xu L, Yan R, Li X, Song X. Inhibitory effect of Eimeria maxima IFN-γ inhibitory molecules on the immune function of T cell subsets in chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103098. [PMID: 37797491 PMCID: PMC10622878 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that infection of chicken coccidian could inhibit the production of Th1 cytokine IFN-γ, thereby evading clearance by the host immune system. The present study aimed to have a further investigation into the effects of Eimeria maxima IFN-γ inhibitory molecules (EmHPSP-2 and EmHPSP-3) on the immune function of chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and various T cell subsets. First, separated PBMC or sorted T cell subsets were used for incubation with recombinant proteins of EmHPSP-2 (rEmHPSP-2) and EmHPSP-3 (rEmHPSP-3). Subsequently, the effects of rEmHPSP-2 and rEmHPSP-3 on proliferative capacity, nitric oxide (NO) release and mRNA levels of cytokines of the above cells were detected. The sorting purity of CD8+, CD4+ CD25-, CD4+, and CD4+ CD25+ T cells was 93.01, 88.88, 87.04, and 81.26%, respectively. The NO release of PBMC was significantly inhibited by rEmHPSP-2 and rEmHPSP-3. The proliferation of PBMC and CD4+ T cells was significantly inhibited by rEmHPSP-2 and rEmHPSP-3, whereas CD8+, CD4+ CD25-, and CD4+ CD25+ T cells was significantly promoted by the 2 proteins. The 2 proteins significantly downregulated interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) mRNA level, upregulated the transcriptional levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) in PBMC. IFN-γ and IL-2 transcriptional levels were markedly inhibited in CD8+ T cells. IFN-γ transcriptional level was significantly inhibited, but IL-4 was promoted by rEmHPSP-2 and rEmHPSP-3 in CD4+ CD25- T cells. Meanwhile, the inhibitory effects of rEmHPSP-2 and rEmHPSP-3 on the transcriptional levels of IFN-γ and IL-2 were more obvious in CD4+ T cells containing CD25+ cells compared with the CD25+ cells depletion group. It was found that IL-10, TGF-β1, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) mRNA levels were significantly upregulated upon stimulation of chicken CD4+ CD25+ T cells by proteins. This study is not only of great significance to clarify the immune evasion mechanism of chicken coccidia, but also provides candidate antigen molecules for development of a novel vaccine against chicken coccidiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianglin Pu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yangdong Pan
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Quanjia Xiang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Mingmin Lu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Lixin Xu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Ruofeng Yan
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xiangrui Li
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xiaokai Song
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yu C, Huang J, Tian W, Huai Y, Zheng S, Wang H, Chen J, Chen H, Bo R, Li J, Liu M. Therapeutic effect of a self-made herbal formula on a multi-drug resistant Eimeria tenella isolate infection in broiler chickens. Vet Parasitol 2023; 324:110057. [PMID: 37918037 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.110057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
In-feed prophylactic chemotherapy is widely considered the mainstay of avian coccidiosis control, while serious drug resistance strictly restricts its application. Confronted with the urgent need for an alternative strategy, a traditional Chinese medicine formula (TCMF) was developed. Meanwhile, its potential to iron out complicated clinical coccidiosis was scrutinized in vivo with a field-isolated multi-drug resistant Eimeria tenella (E. tenella) isolate. Birds were inoculated with 5 × 104 sporulated oocysts and administrated with TCMF supplementation in water from 72 h post-infection to the end of the experiment, diclazuril (DIC) was set as a positive control. As a result, TCMF intervention reduced oocyst shedding, cecal lesion and mortality, and enhanced body weight gain. According to the above, anticoccidial index (ACI) was calculated and TCMF exerted a moderate anticoccidial activity. Besides, macroscopic, histopathological, and ultrastructural observations revealed the safeguarding effects of TCMF on E. tenella-induced cecal injury. Following, TCMF treatment presented an obvious inhibition effect on E. tenella caused oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Moreover, TCMF supplementation restored the cecal flora abundance and diversity, reduced the colonization of harmful bacteria, and increased the probiotics abundance. In conclusion, TCMF exhibited a moderate anticoccidial effect along with alleviating E. tenella-induced cecal injury, redox imbalance, and inflammatory response which may be associated with the microflora modulatory effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Junjie Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Wei Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Yuying Huai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Shumei Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Huiwen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Huimin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Ruonan Bo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Jingui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Mingjiang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Freitas LFVBD, Sakomura NK, Reis MDP, Mariani AB, Lambert W, Andretta I, Létourneau-Montminy MP. Coccidiosis infection and growth performance of broilers in experimental trials: insights from a meta-analysis including modulating factors. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103021. [PMID: 37666145 PMCID: PMC10491763 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An infection by protozoa Eimeria spp. can cause coccidiosis, which negatively affects broiler chicken performance and causes economic and production losses. To understand the effect of coccidiosis on broilers' performance, we evaluated the independent variables and their interactions on the severity of coccidiosis in broilers that cause variation (Δ) of average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and gain per feed (G:F) of broiler chicks using a meta-analysis approach. A database of 55 papers describing 63 experiments was gathered; broilers were challenged by Eimeria species (E. acervulina, E. maxima, E. tenella, and mixed) and at least 2 variables among ADFI, ADG, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were studied. The variation induced by the challenge was calculated relative to the control group of each experiment. The indirect factors evaluated were days postinfection (DPI), Eimeria type and dose, infection age (IA), bird's mean age in the analyzed period, genetic line, sex, and whether they were raised in a cage or a pen. Graphical, correlation, and variance analyses were performed to evaluate the form of the responses. Then, a linear plateau model was adjusted for each response variable as a function of DPI to determine the consequences of the disease on the variation of performance over time after infection. The impact of the infection challenge on the variation of performance vs. nonchallenge broilers was only impacted by DPI (P < 0.05). The adjustment of the data with the linear plateau model allows us to determine the host response to the coccidiosis disease at different stages. At 5 DPI (acute phase), ΔADFI, ΔADG, ΔG:F were of -19.0; -39.8, and -25.5, respectively. After almost 13 DPI birds achieved the recovery phase for all variables with Δ varying from -19 to -3.75% for ADFI, from -39.8 to -10.5% for ADG, and from -25.5 to -7.24% for G:F. The Eimeria impact was higher in ADG than ADFI in all periods due to Eimeria aggressive action form causing lesions in gut epithelial reducing the use of nutrients and energy. The results can be used as a quantitative approach to determine the consequences of Eimeria spp. on broiler performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luís Filipe Villas Boas de Freitas
- Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Nilva Kazue Sakomura
- Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Matheus de Paula Reis
- Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Bonadiman Mariani
- Animal Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91540-000, Brazil
| | | | - Ines Andretta
- Animal Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91540-000, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Băieş MH, Cotuţiu VD, Spînu M, Mathe A, Cozma-Petruț A, Miere D, Bolboacǎ SD, Cozma V. The Effects of Coriandrum sativum L. and Cucurbita pepo L. against Gastrointestinal Parasites in Swine: An In Vivo Study. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1230. [PMID: 37317204 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasitic diseases are responsible for substantial losses in reproduction and productivity in swine, creating a major impairment to efficient and profitable livestock management. The use of phytotherapeutic remedies has notably increased over the past decade due to their bioavailability, decreased toxicity, non-polluting nature, and to some extent due to their antiparasitic effect. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiparasitic potential of Cucurbita pepo L. and Coriandrum sativum L. against protozoa and nematodes found in swine. The samples were collected from weaners, fatteners, and sows and examined via flotation (Willis and McMaster), active sedimentation, Ziehl-Neelsen staining as modified by Henricksen, a modified Blagg method, and eggs/oocyst culture. The parasite species detected were Ascaris suum, Trichuris suis, Oesophagostomum spp., Balantioides coli (syn. Balantidium coli), Eimeria spp., and Cryptosporidium spp., depending on age category. A dose of 500 mg/kg bw/day of C. pepo and 170 mg/kg bw/day of C. sativum powders, administered for ten consecutive days, demonstrated a pronounced anthelmintic (pumpkin) and antiprotozoal (coriander) effect against the aforementioned parasites. Future studies are required to ascertain the optimal dose that maximizes their antiparasitic effectiveness. The current study represents the first Romanian report on the in vivo antiparasitic activity of these two plants tested on digestive parasites in swine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihai-Horia Băieş
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mǎnǎştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vlad-Dan Cotuţiu
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mǎnǎştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marina Spînu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mǎnǎştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Attila Mathe
- Agricultural Research and Development Station of Turda, 27 Agriculturii Street, 401100 Turda, Romania
| | - Anamaria Cozma-Petruț
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Doina Miere
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sorana D Bolboacǎ
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vasile Cozma
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mǎnǎştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences Gheorghe Ionescu-Siseşti (A.S.A.S.), 61 Mǎrǎşti Boulevard, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
El-Ghareeb WR, Kishawy ATY, Anter RGA, Aboelabbas Gouda A, Abdelaziz WS, Alhawas B, Meligy AMA, Abdel-Raheem SM, Ismail H, Ibrahim D. Novel Antioxidant Insights of Myricetin on the Performance of Broiler Chickens and Alleviating Experimental Infection with Eimeria spp.: Crosstalk between Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051026. [PMID: 37237892 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the modern poultry industry, the application of novel phytogenic bioactive compounds with antioxidant potential aims to enhance productivity and quality and to minimize the stress of associated diseases. Herein, myricetin, a natural flavonoid, was evaluated for the first time on broiler chickens' performance, antioxidants and immune modulating functions, and tackling avian coccidiosis. A total of 500 one-day-old chicks were divided into five groups. The negative (NC) and infected control (IC) groups were fed a control diet without additives, and the latter was infected with Eimeria spp. Groups supplemented with myricetin (Myc) were fed a control diet of Myc (200, 400 and 600 mg/kg diet each). On d 14, all chicks except those in NC were challenged with oocysts of mixed Eimeria spp. Significant improvements in the overall growth rate and feed conversion ratio were detected in the group that was fed 600 mg/kg, unlike the IC group. Notably, groups that were fed 400 and 600 mg/kg showed higher total meat antioxidant capacity with an inverse reduction in oxidative and lipid peroxidation biomarkers (hydrogen peroxide: H2O2; reactive oxygen species: ROS; Malondialdehyde: MDA). Of note, the upregulation of glutathione peroxidase; GSH-Px, catalase; CAT, superoxide dismutase; SOD, heme oxygenase-1; HO-1 and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 NQO1 genes in jejunum and muscle were prominently observed with increasing levels of supplemental Myc. At 21 dpi, the severity of coccoidal lesions (p < 0.05) induced by mixed Eimeria spp. and oocyst excretion were greatly reduced in the group that was fed 600 mg/kg of Myc. In the IC group, higher serum levels of C-reactive protein; CRP and nitric oxide; and NO and the upregulated expression of inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin-1β; IL-1β, interleukin-6; IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α; TNF-α, chemotactic cytokines; CCL20, stromal cell-derived factor-1; CXCL13, and avian defensins; AvBD612) were subsided in higher levels in the Myc-fed groups. Taken together, these findings indicate the promising antioxidant role of Myc in modulating immune responses and reducing growth depression associated with coccidia challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Rizk El-Ghareeb
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Hofuf 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Asmaa T Y Kishawy
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Reham G A Anter
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Aboelabbas Gouda
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Walaa S Abdelaziz
- Avian and Rabbit Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Bassam Alhawas
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Hofuf 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M A Meligy
- Department of Clinical Science, Central Lab, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Hofuf 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physiology, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12511, Egypt
| | - Sherief M Abdel-Raheem
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Hofuf 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Hesham Ismail
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Hofuf 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Food Hygiene Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Doaa Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Saeed Z, Alkheraije KA. Botanicals: A promising approach for controlling cecal coccidiosis in poultry. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1157633. [PMID: 37180056 PMCID: PMC10168295 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1157633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian species have long struggled with the problem of coccidiosis, a disease that affects various parts of the intestine, including the anterior gut, midgut, and hindgut. Among different types of coccidiosis, cecal coccidiosis is particularly dangerous to avian species. Chickens and turkeys are commercial flocks; thus, their parasites have remained critical due to their economic importance. High rates of mortality and morbidity are observed in both chickens and turkeys due to cecal coccidiosis. Coccidiostats and coccidiocidal chemicals have traditionally been added to feed and water to control coccidiosis. However, after the EU banned their use because of issues of resistance and public health, alternative methods are being explored. Vaccines are also being used, but their efficacy and cost-effectiveness remain as challenges. Researchers are attempting to find alternatives, and among the alternatives, botanicals are a promising choice. Botanicals contain multiple active compounds such as phenolics, saponins, terpenes, sulfur compounds, etc., which can kill sporozoites and oocysts and stop the replication of Eimeria. These botanicals are primarily used as anticoccidials due to their antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities. Because of the medicinal properties of botanicals, some commercial products have also been developed. However, further research is needed to confirm their pharmacological effects, mechanisms of action, and methods of concentrated preparation. In this review, an attempt has been made to summarize the plants that have the potential to act as anticoccidials and to explain the mode of action of different compounds found within them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Saeed
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalid A. Alkheraije
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nutritional supplements for the control of avian coccidiosis. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2023-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Coccidiosis is acclaimed as the most prevalent enteric parasitic ailment of poultry. It is caused by an apicomplexan protozoon of the genus Eimeria, which resides in chicken intestinal epithelium leading to intestinal damage. As a result, bloody droppings are there, feed efficiency is reduced, the growth rate is impaired, and egg production is temporarily decreased. Treatment and prevention of coccidiosis are primarily accomplished by inoculating live vaccines and administering anticoccidial drugs. Due to anticoccidials’ continuous and excessive use, the mounting issue is drug resistant Eimeria strains. The poultry industry has managed resistance-related issues by suggesting shuttle and rotation schemes. Furthermore, new drugs have also been developed and introduced, but it takes a long time and causes cost inflation in the poultry industry. Moreover, government disallows growth promoters and drugs at sub-therapeutic doses in poultry due to increased concerns about the drug residues in poultry products. These constraints have motivated scientists to work on alternative ways to control coccidiosis effectively, safely, and sustainably. Using nutritional supplements is a novel way to solve the constraints mentioned above. The intriguing aspects of using dietary supplements against coccidiosis are that they reduce the risk of drug-resistant pathogen strains, ensure healthy, nutritious poultry products, have less reliance on synthetic drugs, and are typically considered environmentally safe. Furthermore, they improve productivity, enhance nonspecific immunity, preventing oxidation of fats (acting as antioxidants) and inflammation (acting as an anti-inflammatory). The present manuscript focuses on the efficacy, possible mechanism of action, applications, and different facets of nutrition supplements (such as organic acids, minerals, vitamins, probiotics, essential oils, amino acids, dietary nucleotides, feed enzymes, and yeast derivatives) as feed additive for treating poultry coccidiosis.
Collapse
|
18
|
The In Vitro Anticoccidial Activity of Some Herbal Extracts against Eimeria spp. Oocysts Isolated from Piglets. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020258. [PMID: 36839530 PMCID: PMC9964294 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis in pigs seldom results in important economic losses. However, it can influence growth rates in weaners and it is an important hygiene indicator in swine farms. Certain herbs, along with their extracts, have been used over the course of history in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro anticoccidial effects of Allium sativum L. (garlic), Artemisia absinthium L. (wormwood), Coriandrum sativum L. (coriander), Cucurbita pepo L. (pumpkin), Satureja hortensis L. (summer savory), and Calendula officinalis L. (marigold) against Eimeria suis and Eimeria debliecki oocysts. The stock solution of oocysts (58% E. suis + 42% E. debliecki) was incubated for three days, before adding the tested solutions. The unsporulated Eimeria spp. oocysts were then placed in a 3 mL well plate and incubated for 96 h at 27 °C, in a suspension containing serial dilutions of alcoholic plant extracts (5%, 2.5%, 1.25%, 0.625%, and 0.312%). The percentage of sporulated and destroyed oocysts was recorded every 24 h for 96 h. All extracts had a good in vitro anticoccidial effect against oocysts of Eimeria spp. compared with the control groups. Oocyst sporulation was significantly (p = 0.05) inhibited by the 5% marigold extract (3.6% sporulated oocysts). The same extract had the highest lytic effect on oocysts (65.2% destroyed oocysts). Our results prove that the most effective alcoholic plant extract is the marigold extract, followed, in order of efficiency, by the wormwood, coriander, garlic, pumpkin, and summer savory extracts. This study represents a preliminary contribution for establishing a new generation of natural disinfectants aimed at destroying Eimeria oocysts in the context of swine contamination.
Collapse
|
19
|
Sriboonyong P, Poommarin P, Sittiya J, Opanasopit P, Ngawhirunpat T, Patrojanasophon P, Pornpitchanarong C. The utilization of mangosteen pericarp extract for anticoccidial drug replacement in broiler feed. Int J Vet Sci Med 2022; 10:90-99. [PMID: 36304750 PMCID: PMC9578458 DOI: 10.1080/23144599.2022.2128271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of anticoccidial drugs in broilers has led to concerns, especially the drug residues in meat and the occurrence of drug resistance. This study aimed to extract, standardize, quantify and utilize mangosteen pericarp extract (MPE) containing α-mangostin as a replacement for anticoccidial drugs in broiler feed. The pericarp was acquired from different areas of Thailand and used for extraction and standardization. The antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated. The extract was formulated into granules, and the flowability and stability of the granules were assessed. The MPE formulation was added to the broiler feed and then fed to the broilers that were infected with Eimeria tenella. The growth rate and intestinal lesion score (post-mortem) of the broilers were assessed. The pericarp obtained passed the identification test and phytochemical analyses. The active compound, α-mangostin, was best extracted using 95% ethanol. The MPE had superior antioxidant activity compared to standard antioxidants. Granules of the extract formulated with Avicel® PH102 provided desirable flowability and stability. The broilers fed with the feed containing 500 mg/kg α-mangostin showed a similar growth rate and post-mortem lesion score compared with the control group and those that received feed containing 60 mg/kg salinomycin. Our findings demonstrated that MPE with a high content of the active compound could be developed and used in place of anticoccidial drugs in the broiler feed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pichet Sriboonyong
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Agricultural Technology, Silpakorn University, Petchaburi IT Campus, Thailand
| | - Pattaraporn Poommarin
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Agricultural Technology, Silpakorn University, Petchaburi IT Campus, Thailand
| | - Janjira Sittiya
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Agricultural Technology, Silpakorn University, Petchaburi IT Campus, Thailand
| | - Praneet Opanasopit
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Tanasait Ngawhirunpat
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Prasopchai Patrojanasophon
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Chaiyakarn Pornpitchanarong
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jahja EJ, Yuliana R, Simanjuntak WT, Fitriya N, Rahmawati A, Yulinah E. Potency of Origanum vulgare and Andrographis paniculata extracts on growth performance in poultry. Vet Anim Sci 2022; 19:100274. [PMID: 36505504 PMCID: PMC9731840 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2022.100274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of phytobiotics combination of Origanum vulgare and Andrographis paniculata water extracts (FOA) mixed into the feed of broiler and specific-pathogen-free chickens as an alternative to Antibiotics Growth Promoter (AGP). Performance, intestinal bacteria characteristic, and oocysts of Eimeria spp. in feces were measured and compared with the AGP-added group. The first experiment in broiler chickens compared FOA, Zinc Bacitracin (ZB, as an AGP group), and negative control. On day 28, FOA group and ZB group showed significantly higher body weight than the control group (P < 0.05). The FCR of ZB group was better than FOA group. However, FOA group displayed better microbiota profile than ZB group and negative control, with more Lactobacillus spp. and Bacillus spp., and less Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from intestines. The second experiment in specific-pathogen-free chickens showed the anticoccidial effect of FOA addition to reduce the number of oocysts per gram (OPG) from live coccidia vaccine. FOA group and Amprolium group showed OPG reduction (82.53% and 92.02%, respectively) after 7 days of treatment. In conclusion, the combination of Origanum vulgare and Andrographis paniculata extract can function as an AGP replacement in feed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elvina J. Jahja
- Animal Health Research & Development, Medion Farma Jaya, Jalan Raya Batujajar 29, Bandung, West Java 40552, Indonesia,Corresponding author.
| | - Riana Yuliana
- Animal Health Research & Development, Medion Farma Jaya, Jalan Raya Batujajar 29, Bandung, West Java 40552, Indonesia
| | - Welinda Turianna Simanjuntak
- Animal Health Research & Development, Medion Farma Jaya, Jalan Raya Batujajar 29, Bandung, West Java 40552, Indonesia
| | - Noer Fitriya
- Animal Health Research & Development, Medion Farma Jaya, Jalan Raya Batujajar 29, Bandung, West Java 40552, Indonesia
| | - Anita Rahmawati
- Animal Health Research & Development, Medion Farma Jaya, Jalan Raya Batujajar 29, Bandung, West Java 40552, Indonesia
| | - Elin Yulinah
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Adjei-Mensah B, Atuahene C. Avian Coccidiosis and Anticoccidial Potential of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) in Broiler Production: A Review. J APPL POULTRY RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2022.100314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
22
|
Flores RA, Nguyen BT, Cammayo PLT, Fernandez-Colorado CP, Roy A, Kim S, Kim W, Min W. Comparative analysis of evaluation parameters in E. acervulina, E. maxima and E. tenella-infected broilers. J Vet Sci 2022; 23:e91. [PMID: 36448437 PMCID: PMC9715383 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.22170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Three parameters, body weight gain (BWG), intestinal lesion score (LS) and fecal oocyst shedding, were compared in broilers infected with major parasitic species; Eimeria acervulina, E. maxima, and E. tenella. First, two- and three-week-old chickens with Eimeria infection showed LS of approximately 3, but two-week-old chickens were more correlated with BWG. Second, significant differences in BWG were observed between male and female broilers challenged with Eimeria. Finally, E. maxima-infected broilers among three Eimeria species showed a higher relationship between BWG and LS, suggesting three considerations such as genders, age and Eimeria species for Eimeria experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle Alipio Flores
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Binh Thanh Nguyen
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Paula Leona Tayamen Cammayo
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Cherry Pambid Fernandez-Colorado
- Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Anindita Roy
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Suk Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Woohyun Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Wongi Min
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.,Hoxbio, Business incubator, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bonnefous C, Collin A, Guilloteau LA, Guesdon V, Filliat C, Réhault-Godbert S, Rodenburg TB, Tuyttens FAM, Warin L, Steenfeldt S, Baldinger L, Re M, Ponzio R, Zuliani A, Venezia P, Väre M, Parrott P, Walley K, Niemi JK, Leterrier C. Welfare issues and potential solutions for laying hens in free range and organic production systems: A review based on literature and interviews. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:952922. [PMID: 35990274 PMCID: PMC9390482 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.952922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In free-range and organic production systems, hens can make choices according to their needs and desires, which is in accordance with welfare definitions. Nonetheless, health and behavioral problems are also encountered in these systems. The aim of this article was to identify welfare challenges observed in these production systems in the EU and the most promising solutions to overcome these challenges. It is based on a review of published literature and research projects complemented by interviews with experts. We selected EU specific information for welfare problems, however, the selected literature regarding solutions is global. Free range use may increase the risk of infection by some bacteria, viruses and parasites. Preventive methods include avoiding contamination thanks to biosecurity measures and strengthening animals' natural defenses against these diseases which can be based on nutritional means with new diet components such as insect-derived products, probiotics and prebiotics. Phytotherapy and aromatherapy can be used as preventive and curative medicine and vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics and pesticides. Bone quality in pullets and hens prevents keel deviations and is favored by exercise in the outdoor range. Free range use also lead to higher exposure to variable weather conditions and predators, therefore shadow, fences and guard animals can be used to prevent heat stress and predation respectively. Granting a free range provides opportunities for the expression of many behaviors and yet many hens usually stay close to the house. Providing the birds with trees, shelters or attractive plants can increase range use. Small flock sizes, early experiences of enrichment and personality traits have also been found to enhance range use. Severe feather pecking can occur in free range production systems, although flocks using the outdoor area have better plumage than indoors. While many prevention strategies are facilitated in free range systems, the influence of genetics, prenatal and nutritional factors in free range hens still need to be investigated. This review provides information about practices that have been tested or still need to be explored and this information can be used by stakeholders and researchers to help them evaluate the applicability of these solutions for welfare improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Collin
- INRAE, Université de Tours, BOA, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Vanessa Guesdon
- JUNIA, Comportement Animal et Systèmes d'Elevage, Lille, France
| | | | | | - T. Bas Rodenburg
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Frank A. M. Tuyttens
- ILVO, Instituut voor Landbouw-, Visserij- en Voedingsonderzoek, Melle, Belgium
- Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Sanna Steenfeldt
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Martina Re
- AIAB, Associazone Italiana per l'Agricultura Biologica, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Anna Zuliani
- Veterinari Senza Frontiere Italia, Sede c/o Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie viale dell'Università, Padova, Italy
| | - Pietro Venezia
- Veterinari Senza Frontiere Italia, Sede c/o Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie viale dell'Università, Padova, Italy
| | - Minna Väre
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Bioeconomy and Environment, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Keith Walley
- Harper Adams University, Newport, United Kingdom
| | - Jarkko K. Niemi
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Bioeconomy and Environment, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Christine Leterrier
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
- *Correspondence: Christine Leterrier
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nawarathne SR, Kim DM, Cho HM, Hong J, Kim Y, Yu M, Yi YJ, Lee H, Wan V, Ng NKJ, Tan CH, Heo JM. Combinatorial Effect of Dietary Oregano Extracts and 3,4,5-Trihydroxy Benzoic Acid on Growth Performance and Elimination of Coccidiosis in Broiler Chickens. J Poult Sci 2022; 59:233-246. [PMID: 35989693 PMCID: PMC9346594 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0210116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to compare the combinatorial effect of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (THB) and oregano extracts (OE) with THB alone on the growth performance and elimination of deleterious effects in coccidiosis-infected broilers. A total of 210 one-day-old broilers were randomly assigned to one of five dietary treatments, with six replicates each, for 35 days. Dietary treatments were: 1) non-challenged, non-treated (NC); 2) challenged, non-treated (PC); 3) PC+ Salinomycin (0.05 g/kg; AB); 4) PC+THB (0.1 g/kg; THB); and 5) PC+THB+OE (0.1 g/kg; COM). On day 14, all groups except for NC were challenged with a 10-fold dose of Livacox® T anticoccidial vaccine to induce mild coccidiosis. All treatments significantly improved (P<0.05) body weight, average daily gain, and average daily feed intake, compared to PC, on days 21, 28, and 35. However, all treatments significantly reduced (P<0.05) the feed conversion ratio of PC by more than 14.60% on day 35, 11.76% during growing period, and 10.36% through the entire period. Broilers receiving anticoccidial treatments had 54.23% and 51.86% lower lesion scores (P<0.05) at 4 and 7 days post-infection, respectively, compared to PC. Additionally, the villus height of COM was significantly longer (P < 0.05) than that of THB. Although the molecular action of COM remains unclear, OE addition to THB reduced the shedding of oocysts better than THB alone (P<0.05, 9-11 days post-infection). Most importantly, COM effectively minimized the mortality of challenged birds from as high as 11.90% (PC) to 0%, a level similar to NC and AB, while THB maintained a mortality of 2.38%. In conclusion, the anticoccidial effect of THB can be enhanced by the addition of OE for better animal performance and the elimination of deleterious effects from coccidiosis-infected broilers for 35 days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Randima Nawarathne
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Myung Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Min Cho
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseon Hong
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Yubin Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Myunghwan Yu
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joo Yi
- Department of Agricultural Education, College of Education, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Hans Lee
- Kemin Industries, Inc., 758200, Singapore
| | - Vannie Wan
- Kemin Industries, Inc., 758200, Singapore
| | | | | | - Jung-Min Heo
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Flores RA, Nguyen BT, Cammayo PLT, Võ TC, Naw H, Kim S, Kim WH, Na BK, Min W. Epidemiological investigation and drug resistance of Eimeria species in Korean chicken farms. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:277. [PMID: 35836230 PMCID: PMC9284840 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03369-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coccidiosis is a poultry disease that occurs worldwide and is caused by Eimeria species. The infection is associated with reduced feed efficiency, body weight gain, and egg production. This study aimed to investigate the current status of coccidiosis and anticoccidial resistance to anticoccidial drugs used as part of control strategies for this disease in Korean chicken farms. Results An overall prevalence of 75% (291/388) was found. Positive farms contained several Eimeria species (mean = 4.2). Of the positive samples, E. acervulina (98.6%), E. maxima (84.8%), and E. tenella (82.8%) were the most prevalent species. Compared with cage-fed chickens, broilers and native chickens reared in free-range management were more at risk of acquiring an Eimeria infection. Sensitivities to six anticoccidial drugs (clopidol, diclazuril, maduramycin, monensin, salinomycin, and toltrazuril) were tested using nine field samples. Compared with untreated healthy control chickens, the body weight gains of infected chickens and treated/infected chickens were significantly reduced in all groups. Fecal oocyst shedding was significantly reduced in four clopidol-treated/infected groups, three diclazuril-treated/infected groups, two toltrazuril-treated/infected groups, one monensin-treated/infected group, and one salinomycin-treated/infected group, compared with the respective untreated/infected control groups. Intestinal lesion scores were also reduced in three clopidol-treated/infected groups, one monensin-treated/infected group, and one toltrazuril-treated/infected group. However, an overall assessment using the anticoccidial index, percent optimum anticoccidial activity, relative oocyst production, and reduced lesion score index found that all field samples had strong resistance to all tested anticoccidial drugs. Conclusion The results of this large-scale epidemiological investigation and anticoccidial sensitivity testing showed a high prevalence of coccidiosis and the presence of severe drug resistant Eimeria species in the field. These findings will be useful for optimizing the control of coccidiosis in the poultry industry. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03369-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle A Flores
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Binh T Nguyen
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Paula Leona T Cammayo
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Tuấn Cường Võ
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Department of Convergence Medical Science, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Haung Naw
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Department of Convergence Medical Science, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo H Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Kuk Na
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Department of Convergence Medical Science, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Wongi Min
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Andreopoulou M, Chaligiannis I, Sotiraki S, Daugschies A, Bangoura B. Prevalence and molecular detection of Eimeria species in different types of poultry in Greece and associated risk factors. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:2051-2063. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07525-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
27
|
Jamil M, Aleem MT, Shaukat A, Khan A, Mohsin M, Rehman TU, Abbas RZ, Saleemi MK, Khatoon A, Babar W, Yan R, Li K. Medicinal Plants as an Alternative to Control Poultry Parasitic Diseases. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030449. [PMID: 35330200 PMCID: PMC8953102 DOI: 10.3390/life12030449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic infections are a major public health concern affecting millions of people universally. This review elaborates on the potential impacts of plants and their bioactive components that have been widely used in the cure of several parasitic infections of poultry. The medicinal importance of natural herbs depends upon their bioactive ingredients, which are originated from crude plants, consequently leading to the specific action on the body. Due to the limited availability of effective drugs and high cost, the development of drug resistance in several harmful parasites and microbes leads to huge economic losses in the poultry industry. This will impose the development of innovative sources for drugs to overwhelm the therapeutic failure. Moreover, the environment-friendly feed additives which can be applied as a substitute to antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) for broilers were proven. The application of natural products with therapeutic characteristics is an ancient practice that is appropriately gaining more acceptance. Globally, it is assessed that some 20,000 species of higher plants are used medicinally, although traditional medicine has a scarcity of knowledge on its efficiency and wellbeing. This review explores the usage of medicinal herbs for parasitic infections, emphasizing the recent knowledge available while detecting the research gaps which may be explored to find the usage of herbal medicines for parasitic infections in poultry. In conclusion, herbal medicines are the effective source of prime components for drug detection and the formation of phytopharmaceuticals in the control of devastating parasitic infections. There is a prerequisite to applying the traditional medicine information in clinical applications via value addition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jamil
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.T.A.); (A.K.); (R.Y.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (M.K.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Muhammad Tahir Aleem
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.T.A.); (A.K.); (R.Y.)
| | - Aftab Shaukat
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Asad Khan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.T.A.); (A.K.); (R.Y.)
| | - Muhammad Mohsin
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Tauseef ur Rehman
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (T.u.R.); (K.L.)
| | - Rao Zahid Abbas
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Kashif Saleemi
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (M.K.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Aisha Khatoon
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (M.K.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Waseem Babar
- Department of Parasitology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Ruofeng Yan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.T.A.); (A.K.); (R.Y.)
| | - Kun Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.T.A.); (A.K.); (R.Y.)
- Correspondence: (T.u.R.); (K.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Peng X, Wang K, Wang Y, Lu Y, Lv F, Cui Y, Wang Y, Si H. Exploration of the Mechanism of the Control of Coccidiosis in Chickens Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking With the Addition of Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:849518. [PMID: 35372563 PMCID: PMC8968990 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.849518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gegen Qinlian Decoction is a long-established Chinese herbal compound for the treatment of diarrhea and dysentery, while Magnolia officinalis has been demonstrated to have some anthelmintic activity. The preliminary screening of this study showed that the addition of Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction has some effective on the prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in chickens. However, the mechanism of its treatment of chicken coccidiosis is not clear. The network pharmacology study was based on the screening of chemical components and related targets from TCMSP and PharmMapper server databases. Genes related to chicken coccidiosis were obtained from the SRA database, and those genes that intersected with the target genes of Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction were screened. By exploring the target interactions through the String system and enrichment analysis by the Metascape system, the mechanism of action of Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction in chicken coccidiosis was identified. Using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to analyze the mRNA levels of the relevant factors in chicken coccidiosis, molecular docking was used to reveal the extent of binding of the key target genes predicted in the network pharmacology by the action of Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction. Compound and target screening suggested that the 99 chemical targets of Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction were involved in chicken coccidiosis, and the enrichment results of KEGG pathway suggested that Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction was significantly associated with PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in chicken coccidiosis. The Hubba gene module in Cytoscape_v3.7.1 software was used to analyze the network topology to obtain the Hubba gene SRC, STAT3, and PPARG, etc. The molecular docking results showed that SRC, STAT3, and PPARG were key targets in the treatment of coccidiosis in chickens by Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction, which was in agreement with the RT-qPCR results. Through network pharmacology, molecular docking and in vitro experiments, it was confirmed that Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction fights against chicken coccidiosis through key targets such as SRC, STAT3, and PPARG.
Collapse
|
29
|
Potential of a mixture of eugenol and garlic tincture to improve performance and intestinal health in broilers under necrotic enteritis challenge. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 8:26-37. [PMID: 34977373 PMCID: PMC8669256 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Plant extracts (PE) are gaining increased attention as potential alternatives to in-feed antimicrobials (AM) due to their known antimicrobial activities. This study was conducted to examine the potential of PE, a microencapsulated product composed of eugenol and garlic tincture as an alternative to AM-agent on performance and intestinal health in broilers under necrotic enteritis (NE) challenge. A total of 960 day-old mixed-sex Cobb 500 chicks were randomly distributed to 48-floor pens with 6 treatments replicated 8 times with 20 birds each. The 6 treatments were as follows: UC, unchallenged control; CC, challenged control; PE, challenged group plus PE; AM, challenged group plus AM; FAP, challenged group plus a full dose of AM with PE; HAP, challenged group plus a half dose of AM with PE in starter, grower and finisher phases. Birds in the challenged groups were inoculated with Eimeria spp. on d 9 and Clostridium perfringens on d 14. The body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and livability of birds were compromised, and intestinal lesions and mortality were increased (P < 0.05) by NE challenge, illustrating a successful clinical NE challenge. Birds fed AM had higher BWG and FI, and lower FCR, mortality, and intestinal lesions compared to the CC group (P < 0.05). Birds fed PE had improved FCR (P < 0.05) and livability (5.8%) in an overall period compared to the CC group. On d 16, PE supplementation reduced ileal lesion scores in only male birds (P < 0.05). Birds fed PE had decreased Eimeria maxima and Eimeria acervulina oocyst counts in caecal content (P < 0.05). Birds fed PE had decreased Escherichia brunetti and total oocyst counts in caecal content, and E. acervulina oocyst counts in ileal content in only female birds (P < 0.05). On d 35, PE supplementation reduced variation of BW in both male and female birds and increased yellowness (b∗ value, 14.4%) in the thigh. These findings suggest the potential of PE supplementation in diets to improve the performance and intestinal health of birds under clinical NE as indicated by improved FCR, livability, uniformity, reduced ileal lesions, oocyst counts and increased skin yellowness. However, the protective effect of PE may not be apparent in the presence of AM in the feed.
Collapse
|
30
|
Khorrami P, Gholami‐Ahangaran M, Moghtadaei‐Khorasgani E. The efficacy of pomegranate peel extract on Eimeria shedding and growth indices in experimental coccidiosis in broiler chickens. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:635-641. [PMID: 34981905 PMCID: PMC8959253 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coccidiosis is the most common enteric parasitic disease in poultry that is caused by different species of Eimeria. Some chemical drugs were utilized for the control of this infection but drug residue and resistance-induced concerns in chicken consumers. OBJECTIVE The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of pomegranate peel extract (PPEx) on the control of coccidiosis in chickens. METHODS Totally, 300 broiler chicks were divided into 10 groups and 5 groups challenged with a mixture of common Eimeria of 21 days old in Iran. Five days after the challenge, as soon as clinical signs appeared, the oocyte per gram (OPG) of faeces was measured, and chickens were treated with 100, 200 and 400 ppm PPEx (for 7 days) and toltrazuril (for 2 days) in separate groups. Another five groups were only treated with these compounds without challenge. All challenged and non-challenged have a control group. The OPG was measured in the final treatment in chickens. At 35 days of age, all chickens were euthanized and the intestinal and liver samples were collected in 10% formalin for histopathological examination. The growth indices were recorded and analysed all over the growing period, weekly. RESULTS The results revealed that the addition of PPEx especially in 400 ppm can reduce the intestinal lesions and OPG but in this dose, the growth indices can influence negatively, while the administration of toltrazuril with the best effect on OPG and intestinal lesions, no effect on growth indices in challenged chickens. Also, supplementation of 400 ppm PPEx can induce injuries in the liver while the lower dose has no effect on liver tissue. CONCLUSION It is necessary for finding effective ingredients in PPEx and preparation of serial dilution for access to optimal dose with best anti-coccidial effect and lowest negative effect on growth indices in chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Khorrami
- Graduated of Veterinary Medicine FacultyShahrekord BranchIslamic Azad UniversityShahrekordIran
| | - Majid Gholami‐Ahangaran
- Department of Poultry DiseasesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineShahrekord BranchIslamic Azad UniversityShahrekordIran
| | - Elham Moghtadaei‐Khorasgani
- Department of PathobiologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineShahrekord BranchIslamic Azad UniversityShahrekordIran
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jambwa P, Makhubu FN, Matope G, Fouche G, McGaw LJ. Bioassay Guided Fractionation of Senna singueana and Its Potential for Development of Poultry Phytogenic Feed Additives. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:800272. [PMID: 35097048 PMCID: PMC8793064 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.800272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been burgeoning interest in plant-based feed additives following restrictions placed on the use of antibiotic feed additives in many countries. Phytogenic feed additives are recommended to have a range of useful properties to support the growth and development of poultry to a similar level as that obtained by supplementing feed with antibiotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial, anti-lipoxygenase and antioxidant activity, and in vitro safety of fractions and isolated compounds from leaves of Senna singueana. Antibacterial activities of the fractions and isolated compounds were determined against a panel of bacteria using a two-fold serial microdilution assay and qualitative bioautography assays. Anti-lipoxygenase activity was evaluated using the ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange (FOX) method. Antioxidant activity was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively using radical scavenging assays. Dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions from solvent-solvent partitioning had the best antibacterial activity with MIC values ranging from 156 to 313 μg/ml. Fractions obtained from column chromatography had significant to weak antibacterial activity with MIC values ranging from 50 to 1,250 μg/ml. Bioautography showed clear bands of bacterial inhibition, indicating the presence of a number of active compounds in several fractions. The ethyl acetate fraction and all the tested column fractions had potent anti-lipoxygenase activity with IC50 values of ≤2.5 μg/ml which were lower than that of quercetin (positive control), indicating anti-inflammatory potential. The ethyl acetate fraction and several column fractions had powerful antioxidant activity with IC50 values of ≤5 μg/ml in the ABTS assay. Cytotoxicity values against Vero kidney cells ranged from LC50 = 40.0–989.3 μg/ml. Bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation and identification of a known bioactive compound, luteolin. S. singueana is a promising candidate for the development of poultry phytogenic feed additives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prosper Jambwa
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Fikile N. Makhubu
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Gift Matope
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Gerda Fouche
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Lyndy J. McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Lyndy J. McGaw
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mousavinasab SS, Bozorgmehrifard MH, Kiaei SMM, Rahbari S, Charkhkar S. Comparison of the effects of herbal compounds and chemical drugs for control of coccidiosis in broiler chickens. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2020-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis is the most important intestinal parasitic disease of broiler chickens in poultry industry. Because of the increasing resistance to anticoccidial agents and presence of their residues in meat and eggs, it is necessary to find safe and new anticoccidial compounds. This study was conducted to compare the effects of two herbal compounds, including Artemisia sieberi and Curcuma longa, and their mix with a chemical anticoccidial drug on broilers’ performance during a mixed coccidian challenge. A total of 216, one-day-old Ross 308 broilers were randomly divided into six groups. Different herbal extracts and one chemical anticoccidial agent were used in each group. Five groups were infected with a mixture of Eimeria sporulated oocysts at the age of 21 days with crop gavage. Body weight and feed intake were measured then feed conversion ratio was calculated on a weekly basis. Mortality was recorded when occurred throughout the experimental period. Oocysts excretions and lesion scores were investigated weekly up to three weeks after infection. Eimeria-challenged birds had a reduction in growth parameters compared to the uninfected birds (P<0.001); the best performance values were recorded for the groups treated with a mix of two herbal extracts and amprolium ethopabate (P<0.05). The groups treated with herbal extracts had a significantly reduced oocyst excretion per gram of faeces compared to the positive control group. Lesion score of the amprolium ethopabate group was better than those of the other groups. As a conclusion, herbal extracts, especially a mix of them, could be effective in controlling coccidiosis and its complications.
Collapse
|
33
|
El-Shall NA, Abd El-Hack ME, Albaqami NM, Khafaga AF, Taha AE, Swelum AA, El-Saadony MT, Salem HM, El-Tahan AM, AbuQamar SF, El-Tarabily KA, Elbestawy AR. Phytochemical control of poultry coccidiosis: a review. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101542. [PMID: 34871985 PMCID: PMC8649401 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian coccidiosis is a major parasitic disorder in chickens resulting from the intracellular apicomplexan protozoa Eimeria that target the intestinal tract leading to a devastating disease. Eimeria life cycle is complex and consists of intra- and extracellular stages inducing a potent inflammatory response that results in tissue damage associated with oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, diarrheal hemorrhage, poor growth, increased susceptibility to other disease agents, and in severe cases, mortality. Various anticoccidial drugs and vaccines have been used to prevent and control this disorder; however, many drawbacks have been reported. Drug residues concerning the consumers have directed research toward natural, safe, and effective alternative compounds. Phytochemical/herbal medicine is one of these natural alternatives to anticoccidial drugs, which is considered an attractive way to combat coccidiosis in compliance with the "anticoccidial chemical-free" regulations. The anticoccidial properties of several natural herbal products (or their extracts) have been reported. The effect of herbal additives on avian coccidiosis is based on diminishing the oocyst output through inhibition or impairment of the invasion, replication, and development of Eimeria species in the gut tissues of chickens; lowering oocyst counts due to the presence of phenolic compounds in herbal extracts which reacts with cytoplasmic membranes causing coccidial cell death; ameliorating the degree of intestinal lipid peroxidation; facilitating the repair of epithelial injuries; and decreasing the intestinal permeability induced by Eimeria species through the upregulation of epithelial turnover. This current review highlights the anticoccidial activity of several herbal products, and their other beneficial effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahed A El-Shall
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Elbehira 22758, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Najah M Albaqami
- Department of Biological Sciences, Zoology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa F Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Egypt
| | - Ayman E Taha
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511 , Egypt
| | - Heba M Salem
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211 , Egypt
| | - Amira M El-Tahan
- Plant Production Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, The City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Synan F AbuQamar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain,15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain,15551, United Arab Emirates; Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, 6150, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Ahmed R Elbestawy
- Poultry and Fish Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hartady T, Syamsunarno MRAA, Priosoeryanto BP, Jasni S, Balia RL. Review of herbal medicine works in the avian species. Vet World 2021; 14:2889-2906. [PMID: 35017836 PMCID: PMC8743764 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2889-2906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry meat consumption is increasing worldwide but the overuse of antimicrobials for prevention and treatment of diseases has increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR), triggering a major public health issue. To restrict AMR emergence, the government supports the optimization of natural products that are safe and easy to obtain with minimal side effects on poultry, humans, and the environment. Various studies have explored the potential of herbs in animal health for their antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and body weight gain properties. Therefore, this study reviewed plants with potential application in avian species by summarizing and discussing the mechanisms and prophylactic/therapeutic potential of these compounds and their plant origin extracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyagita Hartady
- Study Program of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | | | - Bambang Pontjo Priosoeryanto
- Department of Clinic Reproduction Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - S. Jasni
- Department of Paraclinical, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Roostita L. Balia
- Study Program of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Koutsoumanis K, Allende A, Alvarez‐Ordóñez A, Bolton D, Bover‐Cid S, Chemaly M, Davies R, De Cesare A, Herman L, Hilbert F, Lindqvist R, Nauta M, Ru G, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Suffredini E, Andersson DI, Bampidis V, Bengtsson‐Palme J, Bouchard D, Ferran A, Kouba M, López Puente S, López‐Alonso M, Nielsen SS, Pechová A, Petkova M, Girault S, Broglia A, Guerra B, Innocenti ML, Liébana E, López‐Gálvez G, Manini P, Stella P, Peixe L. Maximum levels of cross-contamination for 24 antimicrobial active substances in non-target feed.
Part 3: Amprolium. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06854. [PMID: 34729083 PMCID: PMC8546521 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The specific concentrations of amprolium in non-target feed for food-producing animals, below which there would not be an effect on the emergence of, and/or selection for, resistance in bacteria relevant for human and animal health, as well as the specific antimicrobial concentrations in feed which have an effect in terms of growth promotion/increased yield were assessed by EFSA in collaboration with EMA. Details of the methodology used for this assessment, associated data gaps and uncertainties, are presented in a separate document. To address antimicrobial resistance, the Feed Antimicrobial Resistance Selection Concentration (FARSC) model developed specifically for the assessment was applied. However, due to the lack of data on the parameters required to calculate the FARSC for amprolium, it was not possible to conclude the assessment. To address growth promotion, data from scientific publications obtained from an extensive literature review were used. Levels of amprolium in feed that showed to have an effect on growth promotion/increased yield were reported. The lack of antibacterial activity at clinically relevant concentrations for amprolium suggests that further studies relating to bacterial resistance are not a priority.
Collapse
|
36
|
Nguyen BT, Flores RA, Cammayo PLT, Kim S, Kim WH, Min W. Anticoccidial Activity of Berberine against Eimeria-Infected Chickens. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2021; 59:403-408. [PMID: 34470092 PMCID: PMC8413861 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2021.59.4.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Avian coccidiosis has a major economic impact on the poultry industry, it is caused by 7 species of Eimeria, and has been primarily controlled using chemotherapeutic agents. Due to the emergence of drug-resistant strains, alternative control strategies are needed. We assessed anticoccidial effects of berberine-based diets in broiler chickens following oral infection with 5 Eimeria species (E. acervulina, E. maxima, E. tenella, E. mitis, and E. praecox). When 0.2% berberine, a concentration that does not affect weight gain, was added to the diet, the 4 groups infected with E. acervulina, E. tenella, E. mitis, or E. praecox showed significant reductions in fecal oocyst shedding (P<0.05) compared to their respective infected and untreated controls. In chickens treated 0.5% berberine instead of 0.2% and infected with E. maxima, fecal oocyst production was significantly reduced, but body weight deceased, indicating that berberine treatment was not useful for E. maxima infection. Taken together, these results illustrate the applicability of berberine for prophylactic use to control most Eimeria infections except E. maxima. Further studies on the mechanisms underlying the differences in anticoccidial susceptibility to berberine, particularly E. maxima, are remained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binh Thanh Nguyen
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Rochelle Alipio Flores
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Paula Leona Taymen Cammayo
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Suk Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Woo Hyun Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Wongi Min
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Efficacy of a Dietary Polyherbal Formula on the Performance and Gut Health in Broiler Chicks after Experimental Infection with Eimeria spp. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10050524. [PMID: 33926144 PMCID: PMC8147050 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
One-hundred and fifty, one-day-old Ross-308 female chicks were randomly allocated to five equal treatments: NCONTR negative control—not challenged; PCONTR positive control—challenged; PHERB1 and PHERB2 diets were supplemented with phytogenic formula (1 and 2 g/kg feed, respectively)—challenged; PSALIN diet was supplemented with salinomycin (60 mg/kg feed)—challenged. Challenge was made by oral inoculation with 3.5 × 104E. acervulina, 7.0 × 103E. maxima and 5.0 × 103E. tenella oocysts, at 14 days of age. One week post inoculation, bloody diarrhea, oocysts numbers, and intestinal lesions were evaluated, along with intestinal microbiota, viscosity, and pH of digesta, and histopathology. PHERB2 had a comparable (p ≤ 0.001) growth performance and feed conversion ratio to PSALIN. PHERB1 and PHERB2 had similar (p ≤ 0.001) oocyst counts to PSALIN and lower than PCONTROL. PHERB2 and PSALIN had lower (p ≤ 0.001) jejunal, ileal, and cecal lesion scores compared to PCONTR. PHERB1 and PHERB2 had higher (p ≤ 0.001) jejunal and cecal lactobacilli and lower (p ≤ 0.001) coliform counts compared to other treatments. PCONTR had lower (p ≤ 0.001) jejunum villus height, height to crypt ratio, and villus goblet cells. Breast and thigh meat resistance to oxidation was improved (p ≤ 0.001) in PHERB1 and PHERB2 compared to the PCONTR. The polyherbal formula exerted a substantial improvement on growth performance and intestinal health of the Eimeria-challenged birds.
Collapse
|
38
|
Gordillo Jaramillo FX, Kim DH, Lee SH, Kwon SK, Jha R, Lee KW. Role of oregano and Citrus species-based essential oil preparation for the control of coccidiosis in broiler chickens. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:47. [PMID: 33820552 PMCID: PMC8022417 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00569-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to presence of drug-resistant Eimeria strains and raised public health safety concerns about drug residues in the meat, there is renewed interest in the search for natural alternatives to the coccidiosis control agents. This study was conducted to test the anticoccidial efficacy of oregano and Citrus spp.-based essential oils for broilers. METHODS A total of 280 7-day-old broiler chicks were fed a control diet or diets with salinomycin or essential oils for up to 35 d of age. On d 14, half of the control groups and the treated groups were orally challenged with a coccidiosis vaccine at 25 times higher than the recommended vaccine dose. Control diet-fed chickens that were gavaged with phosphate-buffered saline were considered non-challenged control group. RESULTS Eimeria challenge or dietary additives failed to affect growth performance during the 7 to 20 d growth period although essential oil-fed chickens exhibited the lowest body wight gain (P = 0.332) and the highest feed conversion ratio (P = 0.062). Oocysts in the litter were detected in the challenged control diet group and the challenged/essential oil-fed groups at 21 and 35 d, respectively. Superoxide dismutase activity in the serum was elevated (P = 0.059) in the salinomycin-fed chickens compared to the challenged controls. Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein was decreased by 28.7% in the salinomycin-fed chickens but increased by 38.1% in the essential oil group compared with the challenged control group. Challenged control group exhibited a significantly higher cooking loss of the thigh meat, compared to the non-challenged control diet group, which was marginally mitigated by dietary supplementation with essential oils. Chickens fed essential oil-added diet had the highest branched-chain fatty acids contents in the cecum. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study shows that oregano and Citrus-based essential oil preparation did not affect growth performance in broiler chickens challenged with the coccidiosis vaccine nor did Eimeria-specific duodenal lesion. However, dietary essential oil preparation lowered oocysts present in litter materials and altered branched-chain fatty acids in cecal digesta. Beneficial findings of the essential oil preparation on volatile fatty acids and oocysts output may warrant further research into assessing its effectiveness and its efficacy in pathogenic field-isolate Eimeria spp.-induced coccidiosis disease model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Da-Hye Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyeok Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Kwan Kwon
- Harim Bio Research Center, Jeilfeed Co., LTD, 136 Techno2-ro, Yuseong-gu, Deajeon-si, 34025, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajesh Jha
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agricultural and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Aitfella Lahlou R, Bounechada M, Mohammedi A, Silva LR, Alves G. Dietary use of Rosmarinus officinalis and Thymus vulgaris as anticoccidial alternatives in poultry. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
40
|
Hussein SM, M’Sadeq SA, Beski SSM, Mahmood AL, Frankel TL. Different combinations of peppermint, chamomile and a yeast prebiotic have different impacts on production and severity of intestinal and bursal abnormalities of broilers challenged with coccidiosis. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1983479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sherzad Mustafa Hussein
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq
| | - Shawkat Abdulrazaq M’Sadeq
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq
| | - Sleman Said Mohammed Beski
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq
| | - Avraz Luqman Mahmood
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Anticoccidial and Antioxidant Activities of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract on Murine Intestinal Eimeriosis. Acta Parasitol 2020; 65:823-830. [PMID: 32472400 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-020-00219-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coccidiosis is an intestinal disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria and responsible for considerable economic loss in the livestock and poultry industries. Resistance to the current anticoccidial drugs is now a major challenge to efforts to control the disease, and this has stimulated the search for new compounds as alternative treatments. In this context, plant extracts have emerged as an alternative and complementary approach to control coccidiosis. In the present study, an ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaves was screened for its anticoccidial activity against Eimeria papillata infection in mice. METHODS To this end, albino mice were allocated into three groups: the first group was the non-infected control; the second and third groups were infected with 103 E. papillata oocysts. Of these, the second group was kept as an infected control; while the third group was gavaged with 100 μl of moringa leaf extract (MLE) at a dose of 400 mg MLE/kg, once daily, for five days. RESULTS MLE significantly suppressed oocyst excretion in faeces, and histological study of the jejunum showed a significant decrease in the number of parasitic stages, with significant improvement in the numbers of goblet cells. Furthermore, the expression of MUC2 gene was upregulated in the treated mice compared with infected, which further supports the anticoccidial potential of MLE. Moreover, our study evidenced that MLE reduced oxidative damage by decreasing TBARS and iNOS expression, and increasing the GSH and GPX levels. Also, treatment with MLE promoted the expression of Bcl-2 and ultimately, inhibited the apoptosis of host cells in the treated mice. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that MLE has anticoccidial, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic activities in mice infected with Eimeria papillata.
Collapse
|
42
|
Yadav S, Teng PY, Souza Dos Santos T, Gould RL, Craig SW, Lorraine Fuller A, Pazdro R, Kim WK. The effects of different doses of curcumin compound on growth performance, antioxidant status, and gut health of broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria species. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5936-5945. [PMID: 33142511 PMCID: PMC7647913 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplementation of broiler diets with feed additives such as chemotherapeutic drugs and antibiotics has side effects, meat residues, and antibiotics resistance complications. Plant-derived natural compounds could be safe and easy substitutes for chemical additives. One of the natural compounds is curcumin, the extract from herbal plant Curcuma longa, known for its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties which may be effective in reducing coccidia infection in poultry. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of curcumin on Eimeria challenged (C) and nonchallenged (NC) Cobb 500 broilers. A total of 360 12-day-old male chicks were housed in 36 cages in a completely randomized design with 6 replicates per treatment of 10 birds each cage. The six corn–soybean meal–based treatment diets were fed from day 12 to 20 to C and NC birds in 3-by-two factorial arrangement: nonchallenged control (NCC), NC + 100 mg/kg curcumin, NC + 200 mg/kg curcumin, challenged control (CC), C + 100 mg/kg curcumin, and C + 200 mg/kg curcumin. Broilers in C groups were inoculated orally with 50,000 oocysts of Eimeria maxima, 50,000 oocysts of Eimeria tenella, and 250,000 oocysts of Eimeria acervulina on day 14. The intestinal permeability (day 19), growth performance parameters, and intestinal lesion scoring were measured and recorded on day 20. The means were subjected to two-way ANOVA, and main factors effect and their interactions were considered. The growth performance and permeability were higher (P < 0.001) in the NC and C groups, respectively. However, no interaction was observed between curcumin dose and cocci challenge on both of these parameters. Results from lesion scores and oocyst shedding showed reduction (P < 0.050) in birds fed C + 200 mg/kg curcumin compared with those fed C + 100 mg/kg curcumin or CC. Curcumin treatment showed higher production of GSH (P = 0.002) and total glutathione (GSH+2GSSG) (P = 0.002) but lower GSH/GSSG ratio (P < 0.001) than the NCC group. Curcumin exhibited some positive responses on antioxidant capacity, lesion score, and oocyst shedding in the present study, suggesting that curcumin alone or a combination with other feed additives could be a dietary strategy to improve gut health in broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Yadav
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Po-Yun Teng
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Tatiane Souza Dos Santos
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Robert Pazdro
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Anticoccidial Effect of Herbal Powder "Shi Ying Zi" in Chickens Infected with Eimeria tenella. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091484. [PMID: 32846893 PMCID: PMC7552158 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Herbal medicines are playing an increasingly important role in the control of poultry diseases. The present study demonstrated that the herbal powder “Shi Ying Zi” consisting of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss, Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz., and sodium chloride could protect chickens from infection with Eimeria tenella through prophylactic or therapeutic administration. The “Shi Ying Zi” powder could improve the survival rate and relative growth rate with the anti-coccidial indexes of 165 (prophylactic effect) and 144 (therapeutic effect), which were equal to positive controls (monensin and sulfamlopyrazine). The “Shi Ying Zi” powder exhibits the potential to control E. tenella infection. Abstract Coccidiosis is one of the most economically important diseases affecting the poultry industry. Currently, anticoccidial drugs used in veterinary clinics show many deficiencies, and new control measures are urgently needed. This study presents an anticoccidial herbal powder “Shi Yin Zi”, which consists of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss, Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz., and sodium chloride. In chickens infected with Eimeria tenella, supplementation with “Shi Yin Zi” powder for 3 d prior to infection or treatment with “Shi Yin Zi” powder after infection could improve the survival rate and relative growth rate and alleviate the pathological changes in the cecum, liver, and kidney. “Shi Yin Zi” powder could recover the levels of alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, albumin, and triglycerides in serum. The hemorrhage occurrence and total number of oocysts in feces were reduced. The anti-coccidial indexes reached 165 for the prophylactic effect and 144 for the therapeutic effect. The anti-coccidial effects were equal to positive controls (monensin and sulfamlopyrazine). These results suggest that “Shi Ying Zi” powder possesses a potent anticoccidial effect and exhibits the potential to control E. tenella infection.
Collapse
|
44
|
Sultan R, Aslam A, Tipu MY, Rehman HU, Anjum A, Krull W, Kumosani T, Shaib H, Barbour EK. Appraisal of a new patented method for control of chicken coccidiosis. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2019.1694028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rizwana Sultan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asim Aslam
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yasin Tipu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Habib ur Rehman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Bio-Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ahsan Anjum
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Werner Krull
- Department of Research & Development, Opticon Hygiene Consulting GmbH, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Taha Kumosani
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Houssam Shaib
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elie K. Barbour
- Department of Research & Development, Opticon Hygiene Consulting GmbH, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|