1
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Kim J, Yoo J, Kim B, Lee KW, Kim S, Hong S, Kim JS. An AIE-based fluorescent probe to detect peroxynitrite levels in human serum and its cellular imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 38686636 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01231c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
An AIE-based fluorescent probe was designed to evaluate peroxynitrite levels in complex biological samples. The newly synthesized hydrazone-conjugated probe fluoresces strongly in the presence of peroxynitrite. Clinically, the peroxynitrite levels can be measured in human serum and cellular mitochondria with an LOD of 6.5 nM by fluorescence imaging in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
| | - Jiyoung Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
| | - Byungkook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
| | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
| | - Sunghyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.
| | - Sukwon Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
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2
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Kwon BY, Park J, Kim DH, Lee KW. Assessment of Welfare Problems in Broilers: Focus on Musculoskeletal Problems Associated with Their Rapid Growth. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1116. [PMID: 38612355 PMCID: PMC11011155 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The growth of the broiler industry has been accompanied with concerns over the environmental and social impacts on intensive production systems, as well as the welfare of the animals themselves. As a result, since the 2000s, there has been growing interest in alternative production systems that improve animal welfare and sustainability. In this context, it is important to prioritize the welfare of broilers in commercial production systems and to use reliable welfare indicators to provide consumers with information about the welfare of the animals they consume. Resource-based measures (RBM) are based on assessing the resources available to the birds in terms of their housing, environment, and management practices, such as stocking density, litter quality, lighting and air quality, etc. Outcome-based measures (OBM), also known as animal-based measures, focus on assessing the actual welfare outcomes for the birds, such as footpad dermatitis, hock burn, contamination or damage to feathers, gait score, mortality, etc. These OBM-based measures are one of the more direct indicators of welfare and can help identify any welfare issues. The present review highlighted the factors that affect animal welfare indicators focused on OBMs which can be used in the commercial broiler farms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (B.-Y.K.); (J.P.); (D.-H.K.)
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3
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Rosenberg E, Andersen TI, Samajdar R, Petukhov A, Hoke JC, Abanin D, Bengtsson A, Drozdov IK, Erickson C, Klimov PV, Mi X, Morvan A, Neeley M, Neill C, Acharya R, Allen R, Anderson K, Ansmann M, Arute F, Arya K, Asfaw A, Atalaya J, Bardin JC, Bilmes A, Bortoli G, Bourassa A, Bovaird J, Brill L, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burger T, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Campero J, Chang HS, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Chik D, Cogan J, Collins R, Conner P, Courtney W, Crook AL, Curtin B, Debroy DM, Barba ADT, Demura S, Di Paolo A, Dunsworth A, Earle C, Faoro L, Farhi E, Fatemi R, Ferreira VS, Burgos LF, Forati E, Fowler AG, Foxen B, Garcia G, Genois É, Giang W, Gidney C, Gilboa D, Giustina M, Gosula R, Dau AG, Gross JA, Habegger S, Hamilton MC, Hansen M, Harrigan MP, Harrington SD, Heu P, Hill G, Hoffmann MR, Hong S, Huang T, Huff A, Huggins WJ, Ioffe LB, Isakov SV, Iveland J, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Jones C, Juhas P, Kafri D, Khattar T, Khezri M, Kieferová M, Kim S, Kitaev A, Klots AR, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Kreikebaum JM, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Lau KM, Laws L, Lee J, Lee KW, Lensky YD, Lester BJ, Lill AT, Liu W, Locharla A, Mandrà S, Martin O, Martin S, McClean JR, McEwen M, Meeks S, Miao KC, Mieszala A, Montazeri S, Movassagh R, Mruczkiewicz W, Nersisyan A, Newman M, Ng JH, Nguyen A, Nguyen M, Niu MY, O'Brien TE, Omonije S, Opremcak A, Potter R, Pryadko LP, Quintana C, Rhodes DM, Rocque C, Rubin NC, Saei N, Sank D, Sankaragomathi K, Satzinger KJ, Schurkus HF, Schuster C, Shearn MJ, Shorter A, Shutty N, Shvarts V, Sivak V, Skruzny J, Smith WC, Somma RD, Sterling G, Strain D, Szalay M, Thor D, Torres A, Vidal G, Villalonga B, Heidweiller CV, White T, Woo BWK, Xing C, Yao ZJ, Yeh P, Yoo J, Young G, Zalcman A, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Zobrist N, Neven H, Babbush R, Bacon D, Boixo S, Hilton J, Lucero E, Megrant A, Kelly J, Chen Y, Smelyanskiy V, Khemani V, Gopalakrishnan S, Prosen T, Roushan P. Dynamics of magnetization at infinite temperature in a Heisenberg spin chain. Science 2024; 384:48-53. [PMID: 38574139 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi7877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Understanding universal aspects of quantum dynamics is an unresolved problem in statistical mechanics. In particular, the spin dynamics of the one-dimensional Heisenberg model were conjectured as to belong to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class based on the scaling of the infinite-temperature spin-spin correlation function. In a chain of 46 superconducting qubits, we studied the probability distribution of the magnetization transferred across the chain's center, [Formula: see text]. The first two moments of [Formula: see text] show superdiffusive behavior, a hallmark of KPZ universality. However, the third and fourth moments ruled out the KPZ conjecture and allow for evaluating other theories. Our results highlight the importance of studying higher moments in determining dynamic universality classes and provide insights into universal behavior in quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rosenberg
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - R Samajdar
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Princeton Center for Theoretical Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - J C Hoke
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - D Abanin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - I K Drozdov
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | | | - X Mi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Morvan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Neeley
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Neill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Acharya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Allen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M Ansmann
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - F Arute
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K Arya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Asfaw
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Atalaya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J C Bardin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - A Bilmes
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Bortoli
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Bovaird
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Brill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - D A Buell
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Burger
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Burkett
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Campero
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - H-S Chang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Chiaro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Chik
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Cogan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Collins
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Conner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - A L Crook
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Curtin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - S Demura
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - C Earle
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Faoro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Farhi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Fatemi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - E Forati
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - B Foxen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Garcia
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - É Genois
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Giang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Gidney
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Gilboa
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R Gosula
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J A Gross
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M C Hamilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - M Hansen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - P Heu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Hill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - S Hong
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Huang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Huff
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - L B Ioffe
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Iveland
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Jeffrey
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Jiang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Jones
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Juhas
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Kafri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Khattar
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Khezri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Kieferová
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- QSI, Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - S Kim
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Kitaev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A R Klots
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A N Korotkov
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - P Laptev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K-M Lau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Laws
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - K W Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - A T Lill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Liu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - S Mandrà
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - O Martin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Martin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M McEwen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Meeks
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K C Miao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - M Newman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J H Ng
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Y Niu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - S Omonije
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R Potter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L P Pryadko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | | | - C Rocque
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N C Rubin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Saei
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Sank
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A Shorter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Shutty
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - V Shvarts
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - V Sivak
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Skruzny
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R D Somma
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D Strain
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Szalay
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Thor
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Torres
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Vidal
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - T White
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B W K Woo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Xing
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - P Yeh
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Yoo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Young
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Zalcman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Zhu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Zobrist
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - H Neven
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Babbush
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Bacon
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Boixo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Hilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Lucero
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Megrant
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Kelly
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - V Khemani
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - T Prosen
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - P Roushan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
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4
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Kim YB, Park J, Lee HG, Song JY, Kim DH, Ji W, Joo SS, Kim M, Jung JY, Kim M, Lee KW. Dietary probiotic Lacticaseibacillus paracasei NSMJ56 modulates gut immunity and microbiota in laying hens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103505. [PMID: 38359769 PMCID: PMC10877954 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate supplementary effects of probiotic Lacticaseibacillus paracasei NSMJ56 strain on laying performance, egg quality, intestinal histology, antioxidant status, gut immunity and microbiota in laying hens. A total of ninety-six 21-wk-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were randomly subjected to one of 2 dietary treatments: a control group fed a non-supplemented diet, or a probiotic group fed with a diet supplemented with 1 g of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei NSMJ56 (5 × 108 CFU/kg of diet). The trial lasted for 4 wk. Egg weight was increased (P < 0.05) in laying hens fed probiotic-fed diet compared with the control group. Dietary probiotics did not affect egg quality except for Haugh unit, which was improved (P < 0.05) in the probiotic-fed group. Neither jejunal histology nor cecal short-chain fatty acids were affected by dietary treatments. Dietary probiotics increased the activity of catalase compared with the control group. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that dietary probiotics elevated the CD4+ T cells, but not CD8+ T cells, in jejunal lamina propria. Based on the LEfSe analysis at the phylum and genus levels, Erysipelotrichales, Erysipelotrichia, Flintibater, Dielma, Hespellia, Coprobacter, Roseburia, Anaerotignum, and Coprococcus were enriched in the probiotic group compared with the control group. Taken together, our study showed that dietary probiotics could be used to improve some parameters associated with egg freshness and antioxidant capacity, and to partially alter T cell population and microbial community in laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Bhin Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea; Animal Nutrition and Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration (NIAS-RDA), Wanju 55365, South Korea
| | - Jina Park
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Gwan Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Ju-Yong Song
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Da-Hye Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Woonhak Ji
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resource & Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, South Korea
| | - Sang Seok Joo
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resource & Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, South Korea
| | - Myunghoo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resource & Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, South Korea; Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, South Korea; Institute for Future Earth, JYS Institute for Basic Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Ji Young Jung
- Biological Resources Research Department, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources (NNIBR), Sangju 37242, South Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration (NIAS-RDA), Wanju 55365, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea.
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5
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Mi X, Michailidis AA, Shabani S, Miao KC, Klimov PV, Lloyd J, Rosenberg E, Acharya R, Aleiner I, Andersen TI, Ansmann M, Arute F, Arya K, Asfaw A, Atalaya J, Bardin JC, Bengtsson A, Bortoli G, Bourassa A, Bovaird J, Brill L, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burger T, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Chik D, Chou C, Cogan J, Collins R, Conner P, Courtney W, Crook AL, Curtin B, Dau AG, Debroy DM, Del Toro Barba A, Demura S, Di Paolo A, Drozdov IK, Dunsworth A, Erickson C, Faoro L, Farhi E, Fatemi R, Ferreira VS, Burgos LF, Forati E, Fowler AG, Foxen B, Genois É, Giang W, Gidney C, Gilboa D, Giustina M, Gosula R, Gross JA, Habegger S, Hamilton MC, Hansen M, Harrigan MP, Harrington SD, Heu P, Hoffmann MR, Hong S, Huang T, Huff A, Huggins WJ, Ioffe LB, Isakov SV, Iveland J, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Jones C, Juhas P, Kafri D, Kechedzhi K, Khattar T, Khezri M, Kieferová M, Kim S, Kitaev A, Klots AR, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Kreikebaum JM, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Lau KM, Laws L, Lee J, Lee KW, Lensky YD, Lester BJ, Lill AT, Liu W, Locharla A, Malone FD, Martin O, McClean JR, McEwen M, Mieszala A, Montazeri S, Morvan A, Movassagh R, Mruczkiewicz W, Neeley M, Neill C, Nersisyan A, Newman M, Ng JH, Nguyen A, Nguyen M, Niu MY, O'Brien TE, Opremcak A, Petukhov A, Potter R, Pryadko LP, Quintana C, Rocque C, Rubin NC, Saei N, Sank D, Sankaragomathi K, Satzinger KJ, Schurkus HF, Schuster C, Shearn MJ, Shorter A, Shutty N, Shvarts V, Skruzny J, Smith WC, Somma R, Sterling G, Strain D, Szalay M, Torres A, Vidal G, Villalonga B, Heidweiller CV, White T, Woo BWK, Xing C, Yao ZJ, Yeh P, Yoo J, Young G, Zalcman A, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Zobrist N, Neven H, Babbush R, Bacon D, Boixo S, Hilton J, Lucero E, Megrant A, Kelly J, Chen Y, Roushan P, Smelyanskiy V, Abanin DA. Stable quantum-correlated many-body states through engineered dissipation. Science 2024; 383:1332-1337. [PMID: 38513021 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh9932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Engineered dissipative reservoirs have the potential to steer many-body quantum systems toward correlated steady states useful for quantum simulation of high-temperature superconductivity or quantum magnetism. Using up to 49 superconducting qubits, we prepared low-energy states of the transverse-field Ising model through coupling to dissipative auxiliary qubits. In one dimension, we observed long-range quantum correlations and a ground-state fidelity of 0.86 for 18 qubits at the critical point. In two dimensions, we found mutual information that extends beyond nearest neighbors. Lastly, by coupling the system to auxiliaries emulating reservoirs with different chemical potentials, we explored transport in the quantum Heisenberg model. Our results establish engineered dissipation as a scalable alternative to unitary evolution for preparing entangled many-body states on noisy quantum processors.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Mi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A A Michailidis
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Shabani
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K C Miao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Lloyd
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - R Acharya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - I Aleiner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M Ansmann
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - F Arute
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K Arya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Asfaw
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Atalaya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J C Bardin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | - G Bortoli
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Bovaird
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Brill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - D A Buell
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Burger
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Burkett
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - Z Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Chiaro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Chik
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Chou
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Cogan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Collins
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Conner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - A L Crook
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Curtin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A G Dau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - S Demura
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - L Faoro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Farhi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Fatemi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - E Forati
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - B Foxen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - É Genois
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Giang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Gidney
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Gilboa
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R Gosula
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J A Gross
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M C Hamilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - M Hansen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - P Heu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - S Hong
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Huang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Huff
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - L B Ioffe
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Iveland
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Jeffrey
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Jiang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Jones
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Juhas
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Kafri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - T Khattar
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Khezri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Kieferová
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Centre for Quantum Software and Information (QSI), Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S Kim
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Kitaev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A R Klots
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A N Korotkov
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - P Laptev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K-M Lau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Laws
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - K W Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - A T Lill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Liu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - O Martin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M McEwen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - A Morvan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - M Neeley
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Neill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M Newman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J H Ng
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Y Niu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - R Potter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L P Pryadko
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - C Rocque
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N C Rubin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Saei
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Sank
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A Shorter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Shutty
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - V Shvarts
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Skruzny
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W C Smith
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Somma
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D Strain
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Szalay
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Torres
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Vidal
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - T White
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B W K Woo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Xing
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z J Yao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Yeh
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Yoo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Young
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Zalcman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Zhu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Zobrist
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - H Neven
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Babbush
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Bacon
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Boixo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Hilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Lucero
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Megrant
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Kelly
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Roushan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D A Abanin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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6
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Kwon BY, Lee HG, Jeon YS, Song JY, Park J, Kim SH, Kim DW, Lee KW. Effects of grain-based pecking blocks on productivity and welfare indicators in commercial broiler chickens. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:536-546. [PMID: 38186258 PMCID: PMC10915185 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of grain-based pecking blocks on productivity and welfare status at two commercial broiler welfare-certified farms. METHODS Production and welfare indicators were assessed at two farms (designated Farm A and B). Both farms had two windowless houses with forced tunnel-type ventilation and housed broilers at stocking densities of approximately 16.7 birds/m2 (Farm A) and 16.8 birds/m2 (Farm B). Each house was divided into two or three equal sections and was provided with or without pecking blocks. Grain-based pecking blocks, measuring 25 × 25 × 25 cm, were given to broilers in both farms at 1 block per 1,000 birds. Various parameters including productivity (body weight and flock uniformity), corticosterone levels (in fecal droppings and feathers), footpad dermatitis, hock burn, feather dirtiness, gait score, litter quality, body surface temperature, and volatile fatty acids in fecal samples were assessed at 26 days of age, whereas litter quality was analyzed at 13 and 26 days of age. RESULTS There were no significant effects of providing pecking blocks on productivity (body weight and uniformity), fecal and feather corticosterone, welfare indicators (i.e., footpad dermatitis, hock burn, feather cleanliness, and gait score), and litter quality (i.e., moisture, nitrogen, and pH). No differences in body surface temperature between the control and enrichment treatments were noted in Farm B, but body surface temperatures of the head (p = 0.029) and legs (p = 0.011) in the enrichment vs. control group were elevated in Farm A. Butyrate concentration in the enrichment vs control group was higher in Farm B (p = 0.023), but this effect was not detected in Farm A. CONCLUSION It is concluded that grain-based pecking blocks did not affect performance and welfare indicators. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the potential impact of grain-based pecking blocks on gut health indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Yeon Kwon
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Hyun-Gwan Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Yong-Sung Jeon
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Ju-Yong Song
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Jina Park
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | | | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Department of Livestock, Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874,
Korea
| | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
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7
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Kwon BY, Lee HG, Jeon YS, Song JY, Kim SH, Kim DW, Kim CH, Lee KW. Research Note: Welfare and stress responses of broiler chickens raised in conventional and animal welfare-certified broiler farms. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103402. [PMID: 38266435 PMCID: PMC10835457 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to assess the animal welfare status of broiler chickens raised in conventional and welfare-certified farms. One conventional farm (30,000 birds/house, 1,488 m2/house, 2 houses) and one animal welfare-certified farm (32,000 birds/house, 1,920 m2/house, 2 houses) were selected to measure productivity, stress responses, and animal welfare indicators in 3 broiler flocks (2 farms/season, n = 6 flocks/farm type) during summer, autumn, and spring. Upon farm visits, body weight, uniformity, and animal welfare indicators (i.e., fecal and feather corticosterone, footpad dermatitis, hock burn, feather dirtiness, and gait score) were measured at 26 d posthatch. Also, moisture, nitrogen, and pH of litter, light intensity, ammonia concentration, and body surface temperature of head, chest, and legs were measured. There was no difference in body weight and uniformity between farm types. Fecal corticosterone concentrations were higher (P = 0.021) in welfare-certified vs. conventional farm, but no significant difference was found in feather corticosterone. Welfare-certified vs. conventional farm had lower percentages of hock burn (P = 0.018), feather dirtiness scores (P = 0.009), and gait score (P = 0.040), and there was no difference in footpad dermatitis. Nitrogen content in litter samples tended to be higher in conventional vs. welfare-certified farms (P = 0.094), and there was no difference in moisture and pH between farm types. Ammonia concentration within the broiler houses was not different between 2 farms. However, animal welfare farm was found to be brighter than conventional farm (P < 0.001). The body surface temperature of head, chest, and legs was not different between farm types. In conclusion, the welfare-certified farm had higher welfare measures, including lower hock burn, feather dirtiness, and gait score, confirming an overall improvement in welfare indicators. However, the observation on the elevated feather corticosterone noted in welfare vs. conventionally raised chickens warrants further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Yeon Kwon
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Gwan Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Yong-Sung Jeon
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Ju-Yong Song
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Kim
- K-AniWel, Gwonseon-gu, Suwon 16672, South Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Department of Livestock, Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54874, South Korea
| | - Chan-Ho Kim
- Animal Welfare Research Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Iseo-myeon, Wanju 55365 South Korea
| | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea.
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Kim DH, Song JY, Park J, Kwon BY, Lee KW. The Effect of Low Temperature on Laying Performance and Physiological Stress Responses in Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3824. [PMID: 38136861 PMCID: PMC10741227 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of low temperature on laying performance, egg quality, body temperature, yolk malondialdehyde, yolk corticosterone, and serum biochemistry in laying hens. A total of 40 laying hens (Hy-Line Brown) aged 36 weeks were housed in one of two environmental chambers kept at 12 ± 4.5 °C (low temperature) or 24 ± 3 °C (normal temperature) for 4 weeks. Low vs. normal temperature significantly increased (p < 0.05) live body weight, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio in laying hens. Skin surface temperature, but not rectal temperature, was decreased in laying hens exposed to low vs. normal temperature. Hens exposed to low temperature laid an intense eggshell color compared with those raised in a normal temperature. Malondialdehyde concentrations in yolk were increased in low-temperature-exposed laying hens compared with those at normal temperature conditions, but this effect was only noted on day 7, post the low-temperature exposure (p = 0.04). Finally, low vs. normal temperature increased the concentrations of total cholesterol and triglyceride in serum. Collectively, this study indicates that exposure to low temperature in laying hens initially disrupted antioxidant system and altered lipid metabolism in laying hens without inducing stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (D.-H.K.); (J.-Y.S.); (J.P.); (B.-Y.K.)
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Yu L, Lee KW, Zhao YQ, Xu Y, Zhou Y, Li M, Kim JS. Metal Modulation: An Effortless Tactic for Refining Photoredox Catalysis in Living Cells. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:18767-18778. [PMID: 37905835 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The remarkable impact of photoredox catalytic chemistries has sparked a wave of innovation, opening doors to novel biotechnologies in the realm of catalytic antitumor therapy. Yet, the quest for novel photoredox catalysts (PCs) suitable for living systems, or the enhancement of catalytic efficacy in existing biocompatible PC systems, persists as a formidable challenge. Within this context, we introduce a readily applicable metal modulation strategy that significantly augments photoredox catalysis within living cells, exemplified by a set of metalloporphyrin complexes termed M-TCPPs (M = Zn, Mn, Ni, Co, Cu). Among these complexes, Zn-TCPP emerges as an exceptional catalyst, displaying remarkable photocatalytic activity in the oxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), and specific amino acids. Notably, comprehensive investigations reveal that Zn-TCPP's superior catalytic prowess primarily arises from the establishment of an efficient oxidative cycle for PC, in contrast to previously reported PCs engaged in reductive cycles. Moreover, theoretical calculations illuminate that amplified intersystem crossing rates and geometry alterations in Zn-TCPP contribute to its heightened photocatalytic performance. In vitro studies demonstrated that Zn-TCPP exhibits therapeutic potential and is found to be effective for photocatalytic antitumor therapy in both glioblastoma G98T cells and 3D multicellular spheroids. This study underscores the transformative role of "metal modulation" in advancing high-performance PCs for catalytic antitumor therapy, marking a significant stride toward the realization of this innovative therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Qiang Zhao
- College of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Yunjie Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Mingle Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- TheranoChem Incorporation, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02856, Republic of Korea
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10
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Chen F, Zhou P, Lee KW, Liu Q, Helali AE, Jin JY, Lee AWM, Yu H, Kong FM. Interpretable Deep Learning Identified the Significance of 1 Gy Volume on Lymphopenia after Radiotherapy in Breast Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e168. [PMID: 37784771 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Lymphopenia is common after radiotherapy (RT) and is known for its significance on poor survival outcomes in patients with breast cancer. Previous work has demonstrated the significance of point dosimetric factors like the volume receiving 5 Gy. Considering the full dosimetric data together, this study aimed to develop and validate predictive models for lymphopenia after RT in breast cancer. MATERIALS/METHODS Patients with breast cancer treated with radiation therapy in adjuvant setting and with complete dosimetric data were eligible. Combining dose-volume histogram (DVH) dosimetric and clinical factors, dense neural network (DNN) models were developed to predict both the reduction in lymphocyte counts and the graded lymphopenia in breast cancer patients after adjuvant RT. A Shapley additive explanation was applied to explain each feature's directional contributions. The generalization of DNN models was validated in both internal and independent external validation cohorts. P<0.05 was considered to be significant. RESULTS A total of 928 consecutive patients with invasive breast cancer were eligible for this study. Treatment volumes of nearly all irradiation dose levels of DVH were significant predictors for lymphopenia after RT, including volumes at very low-dose 1 Gy (V1) of all structures considered including the lung, heart and body. DNN models using full DVH dosimetric and clinical factors were built and a simplified model was further established and validated in both internal and external validation cohorts. This simplified DNN AI model, combining full DVH dosimetric parameters of all OARs and five key clinical factors including baseline lymphocyte counts, tumor stage, RT technique, RT fields and RT fractionation, showed a predictive accuracy of 77% and above. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated and externally validated the significance of an AI model of combining clinical and full dosimetric data, especially the volume of low dose at as low as 1 Gy of all critical structures on lymphopenia after RT in patients with breast cancer. The significance of V1 deserves special attention, as modern arc RT technology often has relatively high value of this parameter. Further study warranted for breast cancer RT plan optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Chen
- The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China; The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - P Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - K W Lee
- The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Q Liu
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - A E Helali
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - J Y Jin
- School of biomedical engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - A W M Lee
- The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - H Yu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China, Shenzhen, China
| | - F M Kong
- The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China; The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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11
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Heo YJ, Park J, Kim YB, Kwon BY, Kim DH, Song JY, Lee KW. Effects of dietary protein levels on performance, nitrogen excretion, and odor emission of growing pullets and laying hens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102798. [PMID: 37354615 PMCID: PMC10404757 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary crude protein (CP) levels on production performance, nitrogen balance, and odor emission of excreta in growing pullets and laying hens from 13 to 32 wk of age. Two hundred and forty pullets (Hy-Line Brown) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary groups with 10 replicates per group, and 6 birds per replicate. Experimental diets were formulated to contain 4 graded CP levels in the diets of pullets ranging from 180, 160, 140, and 120 g/kg of diet during 13 to 18 wk (phase 1) and in the diets of laying hens from 190, 170, 150, and 130 g/kg of diet during 19 to 32 wk (phase 2). The limiting amino acids including lysine, methionine, and threonine were supplemented to maintain constant equal amino acid concentrations in all experiment diets. In phase 1, decreasing dietary CP levels did not affect growth performance but increased (linear and quadratic effect, P < 0.05) the relative abdominal fat contents and triglyceride concentration in serum samples. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum samples decreased as the CP levels decreased in the diets of pullets. Dietary CP levels quadratically increased (P < 0.05) the villus height and the villus height to crypt depth ratio but did not affect tibia traits and relative organ weights in pullets at 18 wk. Apparent digestibility of dry matter and ether extract increased with decreasing dietary CP levels in pullets. Graded CP levels linearly increased the digestibility of dry matter, CP, and ether extracts but lowered that of crude ash in laying hens. Nitrogen excretion was linearly decreased (P < 0.05) as the dietary CP levels decreased in both pullets and laying hens. Dietary CP levels only affected carbon dioxide emission in pullets. In phase 2, dietary CP levels did not affect growth performance and the ages at first egg laying and to reach 50% egg production in laying hens. However, egg weights were decreased (linear and quadratic effect, P < 0.05) as the dietary CP level decreased in laying hens. Increasing dietary CP levels increased Haugh unit at 26 wk but lowered corticosterone concentrations in yolk samples at 22 wk. Collectively, this study shows that dietary CP levels could be decreased to reduce nitrogen excretion without adverse effects on performance and egg quality of growing pullets and laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ji Heo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Jina Park
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Yoo-Bhin Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Byung-Yeon Kwon
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Da-Hye Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Ju-Yong Song
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea.
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12
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Kim YB, Park J, Heo YJ, Lee HG, Kwon BY, Joo SS, Joo SY, Kim M, Kim ZH, Lee KW. Effect of Dietary Chlorella vulgaris or Tetradesmus obliquus on Laying Performance and Intestinal Immune Cell Parameters. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101589. [PMID: 37238018 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of Chlorella vulgaris (CV) or Tetradesmus obliquus (TO) on laying performance, egg quality, and gut health indicators of laying hens. A total of 144 Hy-Line Brown laying hens aged 21 weeks were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments with eight replicates of six hens. Dietary treatments were as follows: CON, basal diet; CV, basal diet + 5 g C. vulgaris/kg of diet; TO, basal diet + 5 g T. obliquus/kg of diet. The results showed that diets supplemented with CV or TO had insignificant effects on laying performance, egg quality (i.e., Haugh unit and eggshell strength and thickness), jejunal histology, cecal short-chain fatty acids, and antioxidant/immune markers in ileal mucosa samples of laying hens. Compared with the control group, the egg yolk color score was higher (p < 0.05) in laying hens fed on diets containing CV and TO, although the former was a more intense yellow than the latter. Small intestinal lamina propria cells were isolated using flow cytometry to examine the percentages of immune cell subpopulations. Dietary microalgae did not affect B cells or monocytes/macrophages but altered the percentage of CD4+ T cells and CD8- TCR γδ T cells. Collectively, diets supplemented with C. vulgaris or T. obliquus can improve egg yolk color and would modulate host immune development and competence in laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Bhin Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Park
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Ji Heo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Gwan Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Yeon Kwon
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Seok Joo
- Department of Animal Sceince, College of Natural Resource & Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yong Joo
- Department of Animal Sceince, College of Natural Resource & Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Myunghoo Kim
- Department of Animal Sceince, College of Natural Resource & Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Z-Hun Kim
- Microbial Research Deparment, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources (NNIBR), Sangju 37242, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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13
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Nile A, Shin J, Shin J, Park GS, Lee S, Lee JH, Lee KW, Kim BG, Han SG, Saini RK, Oh JW. Cinnamaldehyde-Rich Cinnamon Extract Induces Cell Death in Colon Cancer Cell Lines HCT 116 and HT-29. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098191. [PMID: 37175897 PMCID: PMC10178958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cinnamon is a natural spice with a wide range of pharmacological functions, including anti-microbial, antioxidant, and anti-tumor activities. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of cinnamaldehyde-rich cinnamon extract (CRCE) on the colorectal cancer cell lines HCT 116 and HT-29. The gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of a lipophilic extract of cinnamon revealed the dominance of trans-cinnamaldehyde. Cells treated with CRCE (10-60 µg/mL) showed significantly decreased cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner. We also observed that cell proliferation and migration capacity were inhibited in CRCE-treated cells. In addition, a remarkable increase in the number of sub-G1-phase cells was observed with arrest at the G2 phase by CRCE treatment. CRCE also induced mitochondrial stress, and finally, CRCE treatment resulted in activation of apoptotic proteins Caspase-3, -9, and PARP and decreased levels of mu-2-related death-inducing gene protein expression with BH3-interacting domain death agonist (BID) activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Nile
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KIT, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjn-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Shin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KIT, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjn-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyun Shin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KIT, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjn-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyun Seok Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KIT, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjn-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhyun Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KIT, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjn-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Lee
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Beob Gyun Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Gu Han
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Wook Oh
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KIT, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjn-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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14
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Wang MP, Luk TT, Lam TH, Li WHC, Leung WC, Leung KY, Cheung KW, Kwa C, Siong KH, Tang KK, Lee KW. Combination of brief advice, nicotine replacement therapy sampling, and active referral for smoking expectant fathers: abridged secondary publication. Hong Kong Med J 2023; 29 Suppl 2:25-28. [PMID: 36951002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M P Wang
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - T T Luk
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - T H Lam
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - W H C Li
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - W C Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K Y Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K W Cheung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - C Kwa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K H Siong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K K Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K W Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
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15
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Kim YB, Lee KW. Role of Dietary Methyl Sulfonyl Methane in Poultry. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030351. [PMID: 36766239 PMCID: PMC9913537 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between pro-oxidants and anti-oxidants within biological systems, leading to tissue damage and compromising the health of afflicted animals. The incorporation of dietary anti-oxidants into chicken diets has been a common practice to improve the performance, health, and welfare of the host by protecting against oxidative stress-induced damage. Methyl sulfonyl methane (MSM), a naturally occurring organosulfur compound found in various plant sources, has demonstrated various beneficial biological properties, including anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties in both in vitro and in vivo studies. MSM has been utilized as a dietary supplement for humans for its anti-oxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties. It has also been administered to domestic animals, including cattle, pigs, and chickens, owing to its recognized anti-oxidant effect. This review summarizes the biological and physiological functions of dietary MSM in poultry.
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16
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Morvan A, Andersen TI, Mi X, Neill C, Petukhov A, Kechedzhi K, Abanin DA, Michailidis A, Acharya R, Arute F, Arya K, Asfaw A, Atalaya J, Bardin JC, Basso J, Bengtsson A, Bortoli G, Bourassa A, Bovaird J, Brill L, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burger T, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Collins R, Conner P, Courtney W, Crook AL, Curtin B, Debroy DM, Del Toro Barba A, Demura S, Dunsworth A, Eppens D, Erickson C, Faoro L, Farhi E, Fatemi R, Flores Burgos L, Forati E, Fowler AG, Foxen B, Giang W, Gidney C, Gilboa D, Giustina M, Grajales Dau A, Gross JA, Habegger S, Hamilton MC, Harrigan MP, Harrington SD, Hoffmann M, Hong S, Huang T, Huff A, Huggins WJ, Isakov SV, Iveland J, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Jones C, Juhas P, Kafri D, Khattar T, Khezri M, Kieferová M, Kim S, Kitaev AY, Klimov PV, Klots AR, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Kreikebaum JM, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Lau KM, Laws L, Lee J, Lee KW, Lester BJ, Lill AT, Liu W, Locharla A, Malone F, Martin O, McClean JR, McEwen M, Meurer Costa B, Miao KC, Mohseni M, Montazeri S, Mount E, Mruczkiewicz W, Naaman O, Neeley M, Nersisyan A, Newman M, Nguyen A, Nguyen M, Niu MY, O'Brien TE, Olenewa R, Opremcak A, Potter R, Quintana C, Rubin NC, Saei N, Sank D, Sankaragomathi K, Satzinger KJ, Schurkus HF, Schuster C, Shearn MJ, Shorter A, Shvarts V, Skruzny J, Smith WC, Strain D, Sterling G, Su Y, Szalay M, Torres A, Vidal G, Villalonga B, Vollgraff-Heidweiller C, White T, Xing C, Yao Z, Yeh P, Yoo J, Zalcman A, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Neven H, Bacon D, Hilton J, Lucero E, Babbush R, Boixo S, Megrant A, Kelly J, Chen Y, Smelyanskiy V, Aleiner I, Ioffe LB, Roushan P. Formation of robust bound states of interacting microwave photons. Nature 2022; 612:240-245. [PMID: 36477133 PMCID: PMC9729104 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05348-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Systems of correlated particles appear in many fields of modern science and represent some of the most intractable computational problems in nature. The computational challenge in these systems arises when interactions become comparable to other energy scales, which makes the state of each particle depend on all other particles1. The lack of general solutions for the three-body problem and acceptable theory for strongly correlated electrons shows that our understanding of correlated systems fades when the particle number or the interaction strength increases. One of the hallmarks of interacting systems is the formation of multiparticle bound states2-9. Here we develop a high-fidelity parameterizable fSim gate and implement the periodic quantum circuit of the spin-½ XXZ model in a ring of 24 superconducting qubits. We study the propagation of these excitations and observe their bound nature for up to five photons. We devise a phase-sensitive method for constructing the few-body spectrum of the bound states and extract their pseudo-charge by introducing a synthetic flux. By introducing interactions between the ring and additional qubits, we observe an unexpected resilience of the bound states to integrability breaking. This finding goes against the idea that bound states in non-integrable systems are unstable when their energies overlap with the continuum spectrum. Our work provides experimental evidence for bound states of interacting photons and discovers their stability beyond the integrability limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Morvan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - X Mi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Neill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - D A Abanin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Michailidis
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Acharya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - F Arute
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K Arya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Asfaw
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Atalaya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J C Bardin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - J Basso
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - G Bortoli
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Bovaird
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Brill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - D A Buell
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Burger
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Burkett
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - Z Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Chiaro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Collins
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Conner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - A L Crook
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Curtin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - S Demura
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D Eppens
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - L Faoro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Farhi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Fatemi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - E Forati
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - B Foxen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Giang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Gidney
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Gilboa
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - J A Gross
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - S Hong
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Huang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Huff
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - J Iveland
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Jeffrey
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Jiang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Jones
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Juhas
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Kafri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Khattar
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Khezri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Kieferová
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Centre for Quantum Software and Information, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S Kim
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Y Kitaev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - A R Klots
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A N Korotkov
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - P Laptev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K-M Lau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Laws
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K W Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - A T Lill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Liu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - F Malone
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - O Martin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M McEwen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - K C Miao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Mohseni
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - E Mount
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - O Naaman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Neeley
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M Newman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Y Niu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R Olenewa
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R Potter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - N C Rubin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Saei
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Sank
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A Shorter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - V Shvarts
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Skruzny
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W C Smith
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Strain
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - Y Su
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Szalay
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Torres
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Vidal
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - T White
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Xing
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Yao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Yeh
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Yoo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Zalcman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Zhu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - H Neven
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Bacon
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Hilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Lucero
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Babbush
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Boixo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Megrant
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Kelly
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - I Aleiner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA.
| | - L B Ioffe
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA.
| | - P Roushan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA.
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17
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Kim YB, Lee SH, Kim DH, Lee KW. Effects of dietary methyl sulfonyl methane and selenium on laying performance, egg quality, gut health indicators, and antioxidant capacity of laying hens. Anim Biosci 2022; 35:1566-1574. [PMID: 35507865 PMCID: PMC9449386 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study investigated the effects of dietary methyl sulfonyl methane (MSM) and selenium (Se) on the laying performance, egg quality, gut health indicators, egg yolk Se content, and antioxidant markers in laying hens. Methods One hundred ninety-two 73-wk-old laying hens were randomly divided into four groups with eight replicates of six hens each. Four diets were prepared in a 2×2 factorial arrangement with or without MSM and Se. The trial lasted for 12 wk. Results There were no interaction effects or main effects (p>0.05) on laying performance and egg quality. However, feed intake increased in Se-fed hens (p = 0.051) and decreased in MSM-fed hens (p = 0.067) compared with that of hens in the control group. Dietary MSM increased (p<0.05) the ileal villus height and villus height:crypt ratio in hens compared with those receiving the non-supplemented control diet. Dietary MSM and Se did not affect the percentage of short-chain fatty acids in the ileal contents. Dietary Se enriched the Se content in egg yolk compared with that of the non-supplemented control diet (p<0.05). Dietary Se increased (p<0.05) glutathione peroxidase levels in the liver and serum samples compared to the control diet. The total antioxidant capacity in the liver increased (p<0.05) in laying hens that were fed MSM-supplemented diets than in hens fed the control diet. Dietary MSM significantly increased the relative superoxide dismutase levels in serum samples (p<0.05). Conclusion Supplementation with either MSM or Se independently improved the antioxidant capacity of laying hens. Furthermore, dietary Se produced Se-enriched eggs, but this effect was neither additive nor synergistic with dietary MSM.
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18
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Kumar V, Lee G, Yoo J, Ro HS, Lee KW. An attention mechanism-based LSTM network for cancer kinase activity prediction. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2022; 33:631-647. [PMID: 36062308 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2022.2109062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite the endeavours and achievements made in treating cancers during the past decades, resistance to available kinase drugs continues to be a major problem in cancer therapies. Thus, it is highly desirable to develop computational models that can predict the bioactivity of a compound against cancer kinases. Here, we present a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) framework for predicting the activities of lead molecules against seven different kinases. A total of 14,907 compounds from the ChEMBL database were selected for model building. Two different molecular representations, namely, 2D descriptors and MACCS fingerprints were subjected to the LSTM method for the training process. We also successfully integrated an attention mechanism into our model, which helped us to interpret the contribution of chemical features on kinase activity. The attention mechanism extracted the significant chemical moieties more effectively by taking them into consideration during the activity prediction. The recorded accuracies in the test sets for both 2D descriptors and MACCS fingerprints-based models were 0.81 and 0.78, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC)-area under the curve (AUC) score for both models was in the range of 0.8-0.99. The proposed framework can be a good starting point for the development of new cancer kinase drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kumar
- Department of Bio & Medical Big Data (BK21 Four Program), Division of Life Sciences, Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - G Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), ABC-RLRC, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - J Yoo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - H S Ro
- Department of Bio & Medical Big Data (BK21 Four Program), Division of Life Sciences, Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - K W Lee
- Department of Bio & Medical Big Data (BK21 Four Program), Division of Life Sciences, Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
- ANGEL i-Drug Design (AiDD), Jinju, Korea
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19
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Kim YJ, Shin DM, Yune JH, Jung HS, Kwon HC, Lee KW, Oh JW, Kim BG, Han SG. Development of β-Cyclodextrin/Konjac-Based Emulsion Gel for a Pork Backfat Substitute in Emulsion-Type Sausage. Gels 2022; 8:gels8060369. [PMID: 35735713 PMCID: PMC9222623 DOI: 10.3390/gels8060369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Emulsion gel has been used to replace animal fats in meat products. Konjac is a widely used gelling agent; however, its low emulsion stability limits its use in meat products. This study aimed to examine the quality characteristics of β-cyclodextrin (CD)-supplemented konjac-based emulsion gel (KEG) (CD-KEG) and its application as a fat substitute in emulsion-type sausages. The supplementation of CD increased hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with konjac and oil in the gels, respectively. Additionally, CD increased the structural complexity and strength of KEG. Since adding more than 6% of CD to KEG did not increase the gel strength, 6% CD-added KEG was adopted to substitute for pork backfat in manufacturing low-fat emulsion-type sausages. The following formulations of the sausages were prepared: pork backfat 20% (PF20); pork backfat 10% + KEG 10% (KEG10); KEG 20% (KEG20); pork backfat 10% + CD-KEG 10% (CD-KEG10); CD-KEG 20% (CD-KEG20); and pork backfat 5% (PF5). The CD-KEG20 formulation exhibited higher viscosity and viscoelasticity than KEG20, which suggested that CD improves the rheological properties and the thermal stability of meat batter. Additionally, CD-KEG20 showed similar emulsion stability, cooking yield and texture parameters compared with PF20. Therefore, 6% CD-added KEG is a suitable fat substitute for preparing low-fat emulsion-type sausages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yea-Ji Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (D.-M.S.); (J.-H.Y.); (H.-S.J.); (H.-C.K.)
| | - Dong-Min Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (D.-M.S.); (J.-H.Y.); (H.-S.J.); (H.-C.K.)
| | - Jong-Hyeok Yune
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (D.-M.S.); (J.-H.Y.); (H.-S.J.); (H.-C.K.)
| | - Hyun-Su Jung
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (D.-M.S.); (J.-H.Y.); (H.-S.J.); (H.-C.K.)
| | - Hyuk-Cheol Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (D.-M.S.); (J.-H.Y.); (H.-S.J.); (H.-C.K.)
| | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.-W.L.); (B.-G.K.)
| | - Jae-Wook Oh
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Beob-Gyun Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.-W.L.); (B.-G.K.)
| | - Sung-Gu Han
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (D.-M.S.); (J.-H.Y.); (H.-S.J.); (H.-C.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-450-0526
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20
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Jeon YS, Kim YB, Lee HG, Park J, Heo YJ, Chu GM, Lee KW. Effect of Dietary Organic and Inorganic Sulfur on the Performance of Coccidiosis Vaccine Challenged Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1200. [PMID: 35565626 PMCID: PMC9099933 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary sulfur from either organic (methyl sulfonyl methane, MSM) or inorganic (sodium sulfate, SS) sources on the growth performance of broiler chickens challenged against a high-dose coccidiosis vaccine. A total of 320 day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly placed into 32 pens of 10 birds each (keeping 16 pens/control group and 8 pens/treatment group until 21 days post-hatch) and reared for 28 days. The experimental diets were formulated by mixing a corn and soybean meal-based control diet with MSM or SS. At 21 days post-hatch, half (n = 8) of the control and all of the sulfur-added diet-fed (i.e., MSM and SS) groups were challenged with a 30-fold dose of a commercially available Eimeria vaccine (Livacox® T coccidiosis vaccine). Unchallenged control chicks (n = 8) were considered as the negative control group. At 21 days (before coccidiosis vaccine challenge), the production parameters and cecal short-chain fatty acids were not affected by dietary treatments. The concentrations of total antioxidant capacity in liver samples were elevated in both the MSM and SS groups compared with the control group (p = 0.001). During 21 to 28 days (i.e., one week post coccidiosis vaccine challenge), challenge tended to lower body weight and feed intake by an average of 5.3% (p = 0.262) and 2.8% (p = 0.504), respectively, but to increase the feed conversion ratio by an average of 2.7% (p = 0.087) compared with the non-challenged control groups. None of dietary sulfur groups affected the body weight gain, feed intake, or feed conversion ratio of vaccine-challenged chickens. Mild Eimeria-specific lesions were noted in duodenum (p = 0.006), jejunum (p = 0.017), and ceca (p = 0.047), but dietary sulfur treatments did not affect the Eimeria-induced gut lesion scores. At 28 days, Eimeria challenge significantly impaired (p = 0.001) the apparent ileal digestibility of crude protein and crude ash compared with the naïve control group. Dietary MSM increased the apparent ileal digestibility of crude ash by 15.5% on average compared with the coccidiosis vaccine control group. We conclude that dietary antioxidant sulfur of organic or inorganic origins at the inclusion level (i.e., 0.7 g sulfur/kg of diet) has a limited effect on the growth performance of chickens challenged with coccidiosis vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Sung Jeon
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (Y.-S.J.); (Y.-B.K.); (H.-G.L.); (J.P.); (Y.-J.H.)
| | - Yoo-Bhin Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (Y.-S.J.); (Y.-B.K.); (H.-G.L.); (J.P.); (Y.-J.H.)
| | - Hyun-Gwan Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (Y.-S.J.); (Y.-B.K.); (H.-G.L.); (J.P.); (Y.-J.H.)
| | - Jina Park
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (Y.-S.J.); (Y.-B.K.); (H.-G.L.); (J.P.); (Y.-J.H.)
| | - Yun-Ji Heo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (Y.-S.J.); (Y.-B.K.); (H.-G.L.); (J.P.); (Y.-J.H.)
| | - Gyo-Moon Chu
- Busanbio, Nonghyup Feed Co., Ltd., 337 Uam-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48475, Korea;
| | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (Y.-S.J.); (Y.-B.K.); (H.-G.L.); (J.P.); (Y.-J.H.)
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Lim JS, Lee KW, Ko KP, Jeong SI, Ryu BK, Lee MG, Chi SG. XAF1 destabilizes estrogen receptor α through the assembly of a BRCA1-mediated destruction complex and promotes estrogen-induced apoptosis. Oncogene 2022; 41:2897-2908. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02315-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kim YB, Lee SH, Kim DH, Lee HG, Jeon YS, Lee SD, Lee KW. Incorporation of Dietary Methyl Sulfonyl Methane into the Egg Albumens of Laying Hens. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030517. [PMID: 35326167 PMCID: PMC8944815 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of graded levels of dietary methyl sulfonyl methane (MSM) on the laying performance, egg quality, antioxidant capacity, and the incorporation of MSM into the egg albumen of laying hens. A total of 240 73-week-old laying hens (Lohmann Brown Lite) were randomly allotted to 1 of 5 dietary treatments, with 8 replicates of 6 birds per replicate. The experimental diets were formulated by mixing corn and soybean meal-based diets with MSM to reach 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 g per kg of diet, and were fed to the birds for 12 weeks. Increasing dietary MSM led to a significant quadratic effect on the feed intake and feed conversion ratio at 4 weeks (p < 0.05). However, none of the egg qualities and egg components were altered by dietary MSM. The deposition of MSM in egg albumens increased in a linear manner (p < 0.05) in response to the increasing dietary MSM levels. The concentration of malondialdehyde in the egg yolk decreased at 12 weeks (linear and quadratic effect; p < 0.05), as the dietary MSM levels increased. Increasing dietary MSM affected the indicators of antioxidant/oxidative stress in the serum samples, such as superoxide dismutase at 12 weeks (linear and quadratic effect; p < 0.05), total antioxidant capacity at 8 and 12 weeks (linear effect; p < 0.05), and malondialdehyde at 8 weeks (linear effect; p < 0.05). Taken together, our study shows that dietary MSM has potential to be used as an antioxidant feed additive for laying hens, and can be used to produce functional eggs with health benefits for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Bhin Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (Y.-B.K.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-H.K.); (H.-G.L.); (Y.-S.J.)
| | - Sang-Hyeok Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (Y.-B.K.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-H.K.); (H.-G.L.); (Y.-S.J.)
| | - Da-Hye Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (Y.-B.K.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-H.K.); (H.-G.L.); (Y.-S.J.)
| | - Hyun-Gwan Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (Y.-B.K.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-H.K.); (H.-G.L.); (Y.-S.J.)
| | - Yong-Sung Jeon
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (Y.-B.K.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-H.K.); (H.-G.L.); (Y.-S.J.)
| | - Sung-Dae Lee
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development of Administration (NIAS-RDA), Wanju 55365, Korea;
| | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (Y.-B.K.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-H.K.); (H.-G.L.); (Y.-S.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-450-0495
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Kim DH, Lee YK, Lee SD, Lee KW. Impact of relative humidity on the laying performance, egg quality, and physiological stress responses of laying hens exposed to high ambient temperature. J Therm Biol 2022; 103:103167. [PMID: 35027187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of relative humidity (RH) on the laying performance, egg quality, and stress indicators of laying hens raised at high ambient temperatures. A total of 180 Hy-Line Brown laying hens (68-wk-old) were randomly allotted to one of the following three RH conditions for 12 h a day (9:00 a.m.-9:00 p.m.) over four weeks: low RH (LRH; 25% RH), moderate RH (MRH; 50% RH), and high RH (HRH; 75% RH); ambient temperature was 30 °C under all treatments. None of the RH treatments affected hen-day egg production, egg weight, or egg mass (P > 0.05). However, feed intake was lower in the HRH group than in the LRH group (P < 0.05). Plasma corticosterone (CORT) concentration on day 21, yolk CORT concentration on day 3, and albumen CORT concentration on day 7 following RH exposure were higher in the HRH group than in the LRH group (P < 0.05). Moreover, plasma HDL-cholesterol concentration on day 14 was higher in the HRH group than in the LRH group (P < 0.05). On days 3 and 14, the Haugh unit decreased (P < 0.05) in the LRH group compared with that in the MRH and HRH groups. The HRH-exposed laying hens showed the lowest (P < 0.05) eggshell thickness on day 14. The absolute weights of eggshell, yolk, and albumen decreased in the HRH group compared with those in the MRH and LRH groups. Overall, high RH lowered feed intake and egg quality except for the Haugh unit, and induced stress response as manifested by elevated plasma, yolk, and albumen CORT concentrations. To our best knowledge, the present study is the first to demonstrate the role of RH in triggering temperature stress responses in laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hye Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoo-Kyung Lee
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development of Administration (NIAS-RDA), Wanju-gun, 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Dae Lee
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development of Administration (NIAS-RDA), Wanju-gun, 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Lee KW, Lillehoj HS. Role of Clostridium perfringens Necrotic Enteritis B-like Toxin in Disease Pathogenesis. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 10:vaccines10010061. [PMID: 35062722 PMCID: PMC8780507 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotic enteritis (NE) is a devastating enteric disease caused by Clostridium perfringens type A/G that impacts the global poultry industry by compromising the performance, health, and welfare of chickens. Coccidiosis is a major contributing factor to NE. Although NE pathogenesis was believed to be facilitated by α-toxin, a chromosome-encoded phospholipase C enzyme, recent studies have indicated that NE B-like (NetB) toxin, a plasmid-encoded pore-forming heptameric protein, is the primary virulence factor. Since the discovery of NetB toxin, the occurrence of NetB+ C. perfringens strains has been increasingly reported in NE-afflicted poultry flocks globally. It is generally accepted that NetB toxin is the primary virulent factor in NE pathogenesis although scientific evidence is emerging that suggests other toxins contribute to NE. Because of the complex nature of the host-pathogen interaction in NE pathogenesis, the interaction of NetB with other potential virulent factors of C. perfringens needs better characterization. This short review will summarize the primary virulence factors involved in NE pathogenesis with an emphasis on NetB toxin, and a new detection method for large-scale field screening of NetB toxin in biological samples from NE-afflicted commercial broiler flocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Woo Lee
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA;
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-450-0495
| | - Hyun S. Lillehoj
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA;
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Kim YB, Lee SH, Kim DH, Lee HG, Choi Y, Lee SD, Lee KW. Effects of Dietary Organic and Inorganic Sulfur on Laying Performance, Egg Quality, Ileal Morphology, and Antioxidant Capacity in Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 12:ani12010087. [PMID: 35011193 PMCID: PMC8749785 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Oxidative stress caused by environmental and nutritional factors could be detrimental to poultry production. Dietary natural antioxidants could therefore be beneficial in limiting the deleterious effects of oxidative stress in chickens. Methyl sulfonyl methane is a non-toxic natural organosulfur compound with the chemical formula (CH3)2SO2 and is known as methyl sulfone or dimethyl sulfone. Inorganic sulfate (e.g., sodium sulfate) is involved in the metabolism of many tissues and systems, as well as in important detoxication mechanisms. Dietary sulfur in either organic or inorganic forms exhibits beneficial antioxidant properties in various animals in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, our studies have been conducted to evaluate the role of organic and inorganic sulfur in laying hens. Abstract The present study was conducted to investigate the comparative effects of organic and inorganic forms of sulfur, methyl sulfonyl methane (MSM) and sodium sulfate (SS), on laying performance, egg quality, ileal morphology, ileal volatile fatty acids, and antioxidant and stress markers in various biological samples in aged laying hens. A total of 144, 73-week-old Lohman Brown-Lite laying hens were randomly assigned to one of three experimental diets: basal diet (CONT), CONT + 0.2% MSM (MSM), and CONT + 0.3% SS (SS). The trial lasted for 12 weeks. MSM and SS diets contained 0.07% of sulfur, either organic or inorganic. Dietary MSM did not affect egg production or feed conversion ratio at 12 weeks compared with the CONT group. Dietary sulfur did not affect egg quality except for the Haugh unit at 4 weeks, which was lowered (p < 0.05) in the SS group. Compared with the CONT group, a higher (p < 0.05) villus height to crypt depth ratio was observed in the SS group. Dietary sulfur did not affect the percentages of short-chain fatty acids in the ileum. Total antioxidant capacity of the liver increased (p < 0.05) in laying hens fed MSM- and SS-added diets compared with the CONT group. The MSM and SS groups were found to have lowered (p < 0.05) malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in serum samples compared with CONT. Finally, dietary MSM had the lowest (p < 0.05) MDA concentrations in yolk samples. Taken together, our study showed that dietary organic and inorganic sulfur have positive effects on ileal morphology and antioxidant capacity in laying hens. However, SS-mediated inhibition in laying performance needs to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Bhin Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (Y.-B.K.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-H.K.); (H.-G.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Sang-Hyeok Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (Y.-B.K.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-H.K.); (H.-G.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Da-Hye Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (Y.-B.K.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-H.K.); (H.-G.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Hyun-Gwan Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (Y.-B.K.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-H.K.); (H.-G.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yongjun Choi
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (Y.-B.K.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-H.K.); (H.-G.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Sung-Dae Lee
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development of Administration (NIAS-RDA), Wanju 55365, Korea;
| | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (Y.-B.K.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-H.K.); (H.-G.L.); (Y.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-450-0495
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Suh KS, Hong SK, Lee S, Hong SY, Suh S, Han ES, Yang SM, Choi Y, Yi NJ, Lee KW. Purely laparoscopic explant hepatectomy and hybrid laparoscopic/robotic graft implantation in living donor liver transplantation. Br J Surg 2021; 109:162-164. [PMID: 34642746 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This report describes a purely laparoscopic/robotic technique for successful living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Purely laparoscopic explant hepatectomy followed by purely laparoscopic and robotic graft implantation can be performed in LDLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Suh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S K Hong
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S Y Hong
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S Suh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - E S Han
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S M Yang
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y Choi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - N J Yi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - K W Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Kim DH, Lee YK, Lee SD, Kim SH, Lee KW. Physiological and behavioral responses of laying hens exposed to long-term high temperature. J Therm Biol 2021; 99:103017. [PMID: 34420645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of a 42 d period of heat stress on laying hens with respect to rectal temperature, body-surface temperature, heart rate, heterophil to lymphocyte ratio (H/L ratio), corticosterone (CORT) in plasma and yolk samples, and video-assessed behaviors. A total of one hundred twenty 56-week-old ISA-brown laying hens were continuously exposed to one of three temperature regimes: optimal (LT; 22 °C), moderate (MT; 27 °C), and high (HT; 32 °C). The relative humidity was maintained at 50% in all treatments. HT vs. MT and LT increased rectal temperature, heart rate, and body-surface temperature on all days (P < 0.05). HT vs. LT raised (P < 0.05) the H/L ratio in blood at day 42 following heat exposure. On the other hand, both HT- and MT-exposed laying hens had higher (P < 0.05) plasma CORT compared with those on LT group only at 28 and 42 d following heat treatment. Yolk CORT was elevated (P < 0.05) in the HT vs. MT and LT groups at 3 and 14 d following heat treatment. Panting and wing elevation were the most relevant behaviors in laying hens exposed to HT vs. MT and LT. The study shows that rectal and body-surface temperature, heart rate, and behavior, but not CORT or H/L ratio, are the reliable indicators for assessing the stress status of laying hens over extended period of heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hye Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoo-Kyung Lee
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development of Administration (NIAS-RDA), Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Dae Lee
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development of Administration (NIAS-RDA), Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Ho Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development of Administration (NIAS-RDA), Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Lee SH, Kim YB, Kim DH, Lee DW, Lee HG, Jha R, Lee KW. Dietary soluble flaxseed oils as a source of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for laying hens. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101276. [PMID: 34229219 PMCID: PMC8264210 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of dietary soluble flaxseed oil (SFO), as a source of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, on the fatty acid composition of egg yolk and various indices including laying performance, egg quality, nutrient composition of eggs, egg stability upon storage, and serum characteristics in laying hens. A total of 210 52-week-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were assigned to one of 5 experimental diets. A corn-soybean meal-based control diet was mixed without or with SFO to reach the concentrations of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8% in diets and fed for 4 wk. Dietary SFO did not affect laying performance and egg quality. Increasing dietary SFO linearly increased the pH of yolk at 7, 14, and 28 d following storage at room temperature (P < 0.05). Malondialdehyde contents in egg yolks were quadratically increased (P < 0.05) at 0, 7, and 21 d following storage as the inclusion levels of SFO increased in diets. A significant increase (P < 0.05) in total omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and docosahexaenoic acid, but not α-linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, was deposited in egg yolks at 2 and 4 wk following the SFO feeding. Finally, dietary SFO did not affect serum parameters such as total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and nitric oxide. It is concluded that adding SFO into the diets of laying hens can be an efficient strategy to enrich the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, including docosahexaenoic acid in eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyeok Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Yoo Bhin Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Da-Hye Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Dong-Won Lee
- Haitnim Bio Inc., Icheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17346, South Korea
| | - Hong-Gu Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Rajesh Jha
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agricultural and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea.
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Lee KW, Lillehoj HS, Kim W, Park I, Li C, Lu M, Hofacre CL. Research Note: First report on the detection of necrotic enteritis (NE) B-like toxin in biological samples from NE-afflicted chickens using capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101190. [PMID: 34087701 PMCID: PMC8182422 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotic enteritis (NE) is a devastating enteric disease caused by Clostridium perfringens type G. One of the pore-forming toxins, NE B-like (NetB) toxin, secreted by pathogenic C. perfringens type G, has been proposed to be the main virulent factor in NE pathogenesis. The present study aimed to detect the presence of NetB toxin in biological samples of NE-afflicted chickens using NetB-specific monoclonal-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Biological samples, including serum, digesta, and fecal droppings, were obtained from three previous NE studies (designated as Trials 1 to 3). In Trials 1 and 2, broiler chicks were infected with Eimeria maxima strain 41A on day 1 and followed by the netB-positive C. perfringens on day 18. Serum samples were obtained at 20 d post-hatch (i.e., 2 d post C. perfringens infection). In addition, various samples, including serum, gut digesta, and fecal droppings, that had been collected 0, 6, 24, and 30 h post C. perfringens infection were obtained. In Trial 3, broiler chicks were indirectly infected with litter-contaminated E. maxima on d 14 and followed by netB-positive C. perfringens via drinking water on days 18, 19, and 20. Serum samples and fecal droppings were obtained 21 d post-hatch (i.e., 1 d post last C. perfringens infection). The results showed that NetB toxin was not detected in serum samples in Trials 1 and 3. No NetB toxin was detected in all samples obtained before C. perfringens infection in Trial 2. Low but detectable amounts of NetB toxin were found in the serum samples obtained 6 h post C. perfringens infection in Trial 2. While NetB toxin in digesta and fecal droppings was detected 6 h post C. perfringens infection, its level plateaued 24 and 30 h post C. perfringens infection. In Trial 3, NetB toxin was detected in fecal droppings from the NE group, and its concentration ranged from 2.9 to 3.1 ng/g of wet feces. In Trial 2, NE-specific lesions were not seen 0 and 6 h post C. perfringens infection but exhibited lesions were moderate to severe 24 h post infection, leading to a moderate association (r = +0.527) between NE lesions and NetB toxin in the gut digesta. This is the first study to use NetB-specific monoclonal-based capture ELISA to determine and report the presence of native NetB toxin in biological samples from NE-induced chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Woo Lee
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Bldg. 1043, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Hyun S Lillehoj
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Bldg. 1043, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Woohyun Kim
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Bldg. 1043, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Inkyung Park
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Bldg. 1043, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Charles Li
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Bldg. 1043, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Mingmin Lu
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Bldg. 1043, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Charles L Hofacre
- Southern Poultry Research Group, Inc., 1061 Hale Road, Watkinsville, GA 30677, USA
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Gordillo Jaramillo FX, Kim DH, Lee SH, Kwon SK, Jha R, Lee KW. Role of oregano and Citrus species-based essential oil preparation for the control of coccidiosis in broiler chickens. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:47. [PMID: 33820552 PMCID: PMC8022417 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00569-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to presence of drug-resistant Eimeria strains and raised public health safety concerns about drug residues in the meat, there is renewed interest in the search for natural alternatives to the coccidiosis control agents. This study was conducted to test the anticoccidial efficacy of oregano and Citrus spp.-based essential oils for broilers. METHODS A total of 280 7-day-old broiler chicks were fed a control diet or diets with salinomycin or essential oils for up to 35 d of age. On d 14, half of the control groups and the treated groups were orally challenged with a coccidiosis vaccine at 25 times higher than the recommended vaccine dose. Control diet-fed chickens that were gavaged with phosphate-buffered saline were considered non-challenged control group. RESULTS Eimeria challenge or dietary additives failed to affect growth performance during the 7 to 20 d growth period although essential oil-fed chickens exhibited the lowest body wight gain (P = 0.332) and the highest feed conversion ratio (P = 0.062). Oocysts in the litter were detected in the challenged control diet group and the challenged/essential oil-fed groups at 21 and 35 d, respectively. Superoxide dismutase activity in the serum was elevated (P = 0.059) in the salinomycin-fed chickens compared to the challenged controls. Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein was decreased by 28.7% in the salinomycin-fed chickens but increased by 38.1% in the essential oil group compared with the challenged control group. Challenged control group exhibited a significantly higher cooking loss of the thigh meat, compared to the non-challenged control diet group, which was marginally mitigated by dietary supplementation with essential oils. Chickens fed essential oil-added diet had the highest branched-chain fatty acids contents in the cecum. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study shows that oregano and Citrus-based essential oil preparation did not affect growth performance in broiler chickens challenged with the coccidiosis vaccine nor did Eimeria-specific duodenal lesion. However, dietary essential oil preparation lowered oocysts present in litter materials and altered branched-chain fatty acids in cecal digesta. Beneficial findings of the essential oil preparation on volatile fatty acids and oocysts output may warrant further research into assessing its effectiveness and its efficacy in pathogenic field-isolate Eimeria spp.-induced coccidiosis disease model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Da-Hye Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyeok Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Kwan Kwon
- Harim Bio Research Center, Jeilfeed Co., LTD, 136 Techno2-ro, Yuseong-gu, Deajeon-si, 34025, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajesh Jha
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agricultural and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joris Michiels
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yang-Ho Choi
- Department of Animal Science and Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
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Tan FH, Kong JC, Ng JF, Alitheen NB, Wong CL, Yong CY, Lee KW. Recombinant turnip yellow mosaic virus coat protein as a potential nanocarrier. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:2072-2080. [PMID: 33629458 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To display a short peptide (GSRSHHHHHH) at the C-terminal end of turnip yellow mosaic virus coat protein (TYMVc) and to study its assembly into virus-like particles (TYMVcHis6 VLPs). METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, recombinant TYMVcHis6 expressed in Escherichia coli self-assembled into VLPs of approximately 30-32 nm. SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis of protein fractions from the immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) showed that TYMVcHis6 VLPs interacted strongly with nickel ligands in IMAC column, suggesting that the fusion peptide is protruding out from the surface of VLPs. These VLPs are highly stable over a wide pH range from 3·0 to 11·0 at different temperatures. At pH 11·0, specifically, the VLPs remained intact up to 75°C. Additionally, the disassembly and reassembly of TYMVcHis6 VLPs were studied in vitro. Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that TYMVcHis6 VLPs were dissociated by 7 mol l-1 urea and 2 mol l-1 guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl) without impairing their reassembly property. CONCLUSIONS A 10-residue peptide was successfully displayed on the surface of TYMVcHis6 VLPs. This chimera demonstrated high stability under extreme thermal conditions with varying pH and was able to dissociate and reassociate into VLPs by chemical denaturants. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first C-terminally modified TYMVc produced in E. coli. The C-terminal tail which is exposed on the surface can be exploited as a useful site to display multiple copies of functional ligands. The ability of the chimeric VLPs to self-assemble after undergo chemical denaturation indicates its potential role to serve as a nanocarrier for use in targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- F H Tan
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - J C Kong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - J F Ng
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N B Alitheen
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - C L Wong
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - C Y Yong
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - K W Lee
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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Kang S, Kim DH, Lee S, Lee T, Lee KW, Chang HH, Moon B, Ayasan T, Choi YH. An Acute, Rather Than Progressive, Increase in Temperature-Humidity Index Has Severe Effects on Mortality in Laying Hens. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:568093. [PMID: 33251258 PMCID: PMC7674306 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.568093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of temperature-humidity index (THI) on the mortality and the panting rates in hens exposed to varying thermal environments. Hens were challenged with an acute elevation in THI in Experiment 1, where dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity were set at ~27°C and 56% at the beginning of the experiment and changed to 36°C and 45% at its conclusion, respectively. In Experiment 2, different groups of hens were exposed to a progressive increase in THI, with similar ranges to those used in the previous experiment. In Experiment 3, the hens used in Experiment 2 were again challenged by THI conditions, the intensity of which ranged between those used in the previous two experiments. In Experiment 4, panting rates were recorded under varying THI. In the last, plasma biochemical profiles were determined in blood taken from hens subjected to experimental conditions similar to those in Experiment 2. When THI was acutely elevated from 24.2° to 32.1°C within 1 h and then maintained over 4.5 h, no mortality was detected in the first hour, but exceeded 95% after 5 h, and reached 100% at 5.5 h. A gradual increase in THI to 31.2°C over 6 h did not result in mortality during the first 3 h. When THI was set below the conditions in Experiment 1 but above those in Experiment 2, mortality was 29% at 4 h, 75% at 5 h, and 79% at 8 h. However, no mortality was detected in their respective control groups. Panting was not observed under 25.3°C and was largely variable under 30°C. However, all hens exhibited panting exceeding 250 counts/min and 60% mortality at 34°C when heat stress continued for a duration of up to 280 min. In Experiment 5, high ambient THI resulted in significant reductions in plasma albumin, amylase and aspartate aminotransferase, compared with those in control group (P < 0.05). These results suggest that an acute elevation of THI has more severe effects on mortality in hens than gradual changes even when temperature and humidity are similar in both cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokmin Kang
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Da-Hye Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Taehoon Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong-Hee Chang
- Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea.,Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | | | - Tugay Ayasan
- Kadirli Academy of Applied Science, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Osmaniye, Turkey
| | - Yang-Ho Choi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea.,Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea.,Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
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Bae D, Lee JW, Chae JP, Kim JW, Eun JS, Lee KW, Seo KH. Characterization of a novel bacteriophage φCJ22 and its prophylactic and inhibitory effects on necrotic enteritis and Clostridium perfringens in broilers. Poult Sci 2020; 100:302-313. [PMID: 33357694 PMCID: PMC7772698 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
High necrotic enteritis (NE) incidence and mortality rates in poultry can be caused by Clostridium perfringens (CP) coinfected with Eimeria spp., a causative agent of coccidiosis. Banning of prophylactic use of antibiotics in feed has been accompanied by increased NE outbreaks, resulting in economically devastating losses to the broiler industry. To determine alternatives for controlling NE, we isolated CP-specific bacteriophages (BP), characterized their properties, evaluated their inhibitory effects on pathogenic CP, selected a highly effective phage (φCJ22), and used φCJ22 as a dietary supplement in experimental NE-afflicted broiler chickens. Male broilers (n = 780) were randomly assigned to 60 pens (n = 13 broilers/pen) and into 5 groups [CP-uninfected negative control (NC), basal diet (BD) without CP and BP; CP-infected positive control (PC), BD + CP; and 3 BP groups receiving low- (LP; BD + CP+105 BP), medium- (MP; BD + CP+106 BP), and high-phage (HP; BD + CP+107 BP plaque-forming units/kg) concentrations]. The results showed that MP and HP groups presented an antimicrobial activity toward clinical CP isolate strains, and the groups decreased NE lesions and mortality rates without changes in chicken performance at the end of the experimental period. After CP-challenge body weight gain and feed efficiency were significantly lower in phage-fed groups than that in the PC group (P < 0.05), and NE-associated mortality was the lowest in the HP group (P < 0.001). Moreover, histopathology revealed lesser gastrointestinal mucosal damage in the NC and BP-treated (LP, MP, and HP) groups than that in the PC group, and MP and HP significantly lowered viable CP number in the cecum content by up to 1.24log10 relative to only CP-infected PC group (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that addition of φCJ22 to chicken feed might effectively ameliorate NE, which is accompanied by reduced CP strains in the gut and compensate the performance of NE-afflicted broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongryeoul Bae
- KU Center for Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Pyo Chae
- CJ Jeiljedang Corp Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Kim
- CJ Jeiljedang Corp Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Su Eun
- CJ Jeiljedang Corp Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- KU Center for Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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35
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Jeong SB, Kim YB, Lee JW, Kim DH, Moon BH, Chang HH, Choi YH, Lee KW. Role of dietary gamma-aminobutyric acid in broiler chickens raised under high stocking density. Anim Nutr 2020; 6:293-304. [PMID: 33005763 PMCID: PMC7503073 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in broiler chickens raised in high stocking density (HSD) on performance and physiological responses. A total of 900 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) at 1 d old were assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement to 4 treatments (10 replicates per treatment) with stocking density, 7.5 birds/m2 (low stocking density; LSD) or 15 birds/m2 (HSD), and dietary GABA, 0 or 100 mg/kg. Chickens raised in HSD exhibited a decrease in body weight gain in all phases (P < 0.05) and feed intake in starter and whole phases (P < 0.01), and an increase in feed conversion ratio in the finisher phase (P < 0.01) compared with LSD-raised chickens. However, dietary GABA did not affect growth performance nor interacted with stocking density on production variables. The HSD vs. LSD increased relative liver weight on d 35 whereas dietary GABA increased relative liver weight and decreased relative bursa weight on d 21. Both stocking density and dietary GABA affected yield and quality of breast and leg muscles. Dietary GABA increased (P < 0.05) width of tibia on d 35 and interacted (P = 0.054) with stocking density on breaking stocking density on d 35. The HSD vs. LSD group lowered (P < 0.05) feather coverage scores. Significant interaction between stocking density and GABA on surface temperature of shank on d 21 was noted (P = 0.024). Dietary GABA exhibited an opposite effect on the concentrations of cecal short-chain fatty acids depending on stocking density leading to a moderate to significant interaction. Stocking density decreased alpha-1-acid glycoprotein whereas dietary GABA decreased heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and corticosterone in blood or serum samples. Serum biochemical parameters were altered by stocking density or dietary GABA. It is concluded that dietary GABA alleviated stress indices including corticosterone and heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, but failed to reverse stocking density-induced growth depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Been Jeong
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Bhin Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hye Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hong-Hee Chang
- Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Ho Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
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36
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Ching SM, Lee KW, Yee A, Sivaratnam D, Hoo FK, Wan Sulaiman WA, Mohamed MH, Tan KA, Danaee M, Ali N, Suppiah S. The Malay version of smartphone addiction scale: Development, factor structure and validation of a short form for Malaysian adolescents. Med J Malaysia 2020; 75:561-567. [PMID: 32918427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to validate the Malay version of the short form Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS-M-SF) and to examine its psychometric properties in a cohort of pre-university adolescents. METHODS We obtained the validity and reliability evidence for the SAS-M-SF using a group of 307 pre-university students in Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia with a mean age of 18.4±0.2 years (70.4% female and 29.6% male). A questionnaire containing the Malay version of Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS-M), the Malay version of the short form Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS-M-SF), and the Malay version of the Internet Addiction Test (IAT-M) was administered on the adolescents. RESULTS The SAS-M-SF displayed good internal consistency (Cronbach's α=0.80). Using principle component analysis, we identified a 4-factor SAS-M-SF model. A significant correlation between the SAS-M-SF and the IAT-M was found, lending support for concurrent validity. The prevalence of smartphone addiction was 54.5% based on cut-off score of ≥36 with a sensitivity of 70.2% and a specificity of 72.5%. CONCLUSIONS The 10-item SAS-M-SF is a valid and reliable screening tool for smartphone addiction among adolescents. The scale can help clinicians or educators design appropriate intervention and prevention programs targeting smartphone addiction in adolescents at clinical or school settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Ching
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Family Medicine, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - K W Lee
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Family Medicine, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A Yee
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Psychological Medicine, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - D Sivaratnam
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - F K Hoo
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - W A Wan Sulaiman
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M H Mohamed
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - K A Tan
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M Danaee
- Academic Development Centre (ADEC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N Ali
- Masjid Tanah Health Clinic, Masjid Tanah, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - S Suppiah
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Imaging, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Ko KP, Jeong SI, Lim JS, Lee KW, Lee MG, Chi SG. NORE1A directs apoptotic switch of TNF signaling through reciprocal modulation of ITCH-mediated destruction of TNFRI and BAX. Oncogene 2020; 39:5675-5689. [PMID: 32690868 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01392-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
NORE1A (RASSF5) is a tumor suppressor of the Ras-association domain family (RASSF) that is commonly inactivated in multiple human cancers. However, the molecular mechanism underlying its growth inhibition function remains largely undefined. Here we report that NORE1A antagonizes tumor necrosis factor receptor I (TNFRI) through the assembly of ITCH-mediated destruction complex to suppress TNF-NF-κB signaling and tumorigenesis. Moreover, NORE1A is identified as a transcription target of NF-κB, which directs an apoptotic switch of TNF effect by blocking ITCH interaction with and ubiquitination of BAX. Mechanistically, NORE1A binds directly to TNFRI and ITCH via the C1 and PPXY domains, respectively to facilitate the formation of ITCH-mediated destruction complex followed by ubiquitination-mediated lysosomal degradation of TNFRI. Through this function, NORE1A suppresses TNF-induced NF-κB-mediated transcription of pro-inflammatory and tumor-promoting genes, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, invasion and migration of tumor cells, and also debilitates tumor cell activation of macrophage and fibroblast. While NORE1A suppresses TNF receptor-mediated apoptosis, it activates TNF-induced apoptosis through BAX activation by protecting BAX from ITCH binding and ubiquitination. Cytotoxic response to TNF is substantially attenuated in NORE1A-depleted cells and tumors, and NORE1A-induced tumor regression is highly impeded in BAX-depleted tumors. An inverse correlation is shown between NORE1A and TNFRI expression in both cancer cell lines and primary tumors, and NORE1A effect on survival of cancer patients is strongly associated with expression status of ITCH. Collectively, this study uncovers that NORE1A directs a substrate switch of ITCH favoring TNFRI over BAX to terminate TNF signaling and accelerate apoptosis, illuminating the mechanistic consequence of NORE1A inactivation in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Phil Ko
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Seong-In Jeong
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Lim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Min-Goo Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Sung-Gil Chi
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
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Park JH, Choi DY, Park H, Lee KW, Cho JA. Oxytocin modulates immunostatus, metabolic state and gut microbiome. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2020; 34:1117-1124. [PMID: 32668897 DOI: 10.23812/19-496-l-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J H Park
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Hongcheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - D Y Choi
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Hongcheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - H Park
- Medical Research Institute & Adult Stem Cell Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Wonkwang Health Science University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - K W Lee
- Medical Research Institute & Adult Stem Cell Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J A Cho
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Hongcheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.,College of transdisciplinary studies, School of Undergraduate Studies, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Kim DH, Lee YK, Lee SD, Kim SH, Lee SR, Lee HG, Lee KW. Changes in Production Parameters, Egg Qualities, Fecal Volatile Fatty Acids, Nutrient Digestibility, and Plasma Parameters in Laying Hens Exposed to Ambient Temperature. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:412. [PMID: 32766297 PMCID: PMC7379879 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate the impact of heat stress on nutrient digestibility and tibia and reproductive traits, and changes in laying performance, egg qualities, fecal volatile fatty acids, and plasma parameters in laying hens. One-hundred twenty 52-week-old laying hens were raised in three temperature-controlled facilities with constant humidity (50% RH), either normal temperature (LT; 22°C) or heat stress considered being moderate (MT; 27°C) or severe (HT; 32°C) for 42 days. Feed intakes were consistently low (p < 0.01) in HT hens compared with those in LT or MT over the period of 42 days. Egg production kept markedly (p < 0.05) or numerically (p > 0.05) low in hens exposed to HT vs. LT or MT. Egg mass and egg weight were consistently low (p < 0.01) in hens exposed to HT compared with those raised under LT or MT. On the other hand, feed conversion ratio and frequency of dirty and cracked eggs were not significantly affected (p > 0.05) during the experimental period. HT-exposed hens consistently had lowered (p < 0.05) eggshell thickness and breaking strength, eggshell weight, and plasma Ca, P, and Mg levels compared with LT- or MT-treated hens. HT hens had lower (p < 0.01) relative oviduct weight and less number of large yellow follicles compared with those raised under LT or MT conditions at 42 days. Tibia traits measured at 42 days were not affected by any of heat treatments. Fecal volatile fatty acids tended to be higher in HT-exposed laying hens throughout the experiment. It was noted that digestibilities of neutral detergent fiber and dry matter were lowest (p < 0.05) in hens exposed to HT vs. LT or MT environments. Our study suggests that heat stress could lower laying performance, egg quality, and physiological parameters that are coupled with alterations in gut metabolites and mineral/lipid metabolism. The findings emerged from this study will help us design the nutritional and environmental strategies to mitigate the negative effect of heat stress on laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hye Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoo-Kyung Lee
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development of Administration, Jeonju-si, South Korea
| | - Sung-Dae Lee
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development of Administration, Jeonju-si, South Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development of Administration, Jeonju-si, South Korea
| | - Sang-Rak Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong-Gu Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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Lee KW, Kim WH, Li C, Lillehoj HS. Detection of Necrotic Enteritis B–like Toxin Secreted by Clostridium perfringens Using Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Avian Dis 2020; 64:490-495. [DOI: 10.1637/0005-2086-64.4.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Woo Lee
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Woo H. Kim
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Charles Li
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Hyun S. Lillehoj
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705
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Kim YB, Kim DH, Jeong SB, Lee JW, Kim TH, Lee HG, Lee KW. Black soldier fly larvae oil as an alternative fat source in broiler nutrition. Poult Sci 2020; 99:3133-3143. [PMID: 32475450 PMCID: PMC7597637 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate growth performance, carcass characteristics, short-chain fatty acids, fatty acid composition in abdominal fat, and serum parameters in broiler chickens fed diets containing corn oil, coconut oil, or black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) oil at the level of 50 g per kg of diet during the 30-day-feeding period. A total 450 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly allocated to one of 3 dietary groups. Each treatment had 10 replicates with 15 chicks per replicate. Feed conversion ratio was decreased in the coconut and BSFL oil group compared with the corn oil group. Dietary BSFL oil increased ileal weight-to-length ratio at day 30 after hatch. Dietary BSFL oil increased significantly ileal branched-chain fatty acid (P < 0.05) and moderately total short-chain fatty acid in 15-day-old broilers (P = 0.074). At day 30, ileal propionate was highest in the coconut oil group but cecal propionate was highest (P < 0.05) in the BSFL oil group. Fatty acid composition of abdominal fat was affected by dietary fat sources. Especially, chickens fed diets containing coconut oil or BSFL oil had higher contents (P < 0.05) of saturated fatty acid being dominant in lauric and myristic acids compared with those fed on corn oil. On the other hand, the reverse trend was noted (P < 0.05) as to polyunsaturated fatty acids being dominant in corn oil compared with coconut oil and BSFL oil. Coconut oil vs. corn oil significantly increased total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Finally, BSFL oil vs. corn oil significantly increased total antioxidant capacity in chickens. It is concluded that dietary BSFL oil improves feed conversion ratio and increases the incorporation of medium-chain fatty acids into abdominal fat pad and serum antioxidant capacity in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Bhin Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Da-Hye Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Su-Been Jeong
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Kim
- FoodyWorm Inc., Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28162, South Korea
| | - Hong-Gu Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea.
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Lee E, Nam KT, Lee KW, Lee SR. Pediococcus spp.-fermented chicken meat for dogs. J Anim Sci Technol 2020; 62:84-93. [PMID: 32082602 PMCID: PMC7008127 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2020.62.1.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate Pediococcus
spp.-fermented chicken meat as a snack for dogs. The fermented or non-fermented
snacks used in this study were prepared through the following process; meat
mixtures containing 52.8% MDCM, 35.2% chicken breast meat (CBM) and 9.7% corn
starch were inoculated with or without Pediococcus spp.,
incubated at 37°C for 24 h and then sterilized at 121°C for 20
min. During the 24-h fermentation, the pH of fermented chicken snack dropped
rapidly with concomitant increase in number of lactic acid bacteria. The
nutritional composition was not altered by fermentation. In
vitro pepsin nitrogen digestibility was higher (p
< 0.05) in the fermented snack compared with the non-fermented snack.
Upon storage at room temperature for 14 days, bacteria grew slowly in fermented
vs. non-fermented snack samples. In a palatability trial, dogs preferred
non-fermented over fermented snack food. In 12-d-long feeding trial, fecal
ammonia content was lowered, but fecal lactic acid content was increased in dogs
fed the fermented vs. non-fermented snack food. Our study shows that the
fermented MDCM-based snack exhibited good preservability upon storage, and
improved in vitro nitrogen digestibility and fecal
characteristics in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunchae Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Ki-Taek Nam
- Department of Animal Life and Environment Science, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea
| | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Sang-Rak Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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Lee SH, Bang S, Jang HH, Lee EB, Kim BS, Kim SH, Kang SH, Lee KW, Kim DW, Kim JB, Choe JS, Park SY, Lillehoj HS. Effects of Allium hookeri on gut microbiome related to growth performance in young broiler chickens. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0226833. [PMID: 31923247 PMCID: PMC6953852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy food promotes beneficial bacteria in the gut microbiome. A few prebiotics act as food supplements to increase fermentation by beneficial bacteria, which enhance the host immune system and health. Allium hookeri is a healthy food with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. A. hookeri is used as a feed supplement for broiler chickens to improve growth performance. Although the underlying mechanism is unknown, A. hookeri may alter the gut microbiome. In the current study, 16S rRNA sequencing has been carried out using samples obtained from the cecum of broiler chickens exposed to diets comprising different tissue types (leaf and root) and varying amounts (0.3% and 0.5%) of A. hookeri to investigate their impact on gut microbiome. The microbiome composition in the groups supplemented with A. hookeri leaf varied from that of the control group. Especially, exposure to 0.5% amounts of leaf resulted in differences in the abundance of genera compared with diets comprising 0.3% leaf. Exposure to a diet containing 0.5% A. hookeri leaf decreased the abundance of the following bacteria: Eubacterium nodatum, Marvinbryantia, Oscillospira, and Gelria. The modulation of gut microbiome by leaf supplement correlated with growth traits including body weight, bone strength, and infectious bursal disease antibody. The results demonstrate that A. hookeri may improve the health benefits of broiler chickens by altering the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hyen Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Isoe-myeon, Wanju-Gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyun Bang
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Kwan-ak Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Hee Jang
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Isoe-myeon, Wanju-Gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Byeol Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Isoe-myeon, Wanju-Gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Sang Kim
- Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences and Research Institute of Population Genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Kim
- KYOCHON F&B CO, Osan city, Kyounggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kang
- KYOCHON F&B CO, Osan city, Kyounggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Gawngjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, Korean National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Bong Kim
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Isoe-myeon, Wanju-Gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Sook Choe
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Isoe-myeon, Wanju-Gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Young Park
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Isoe-myeon, Wanju-Gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun S. Lillehoj
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
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44
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Zheng L, Cho SH, Kang CW, Lee KW, Kim KE, An BK. Effects of β-mannanase on Egg Production Performance, Egg Quality, Intestinal Microbiota, Viscosity, and Ammonia Concentration in Laying Hens. Braz J Poult Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2019-1180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Zheng
- Konkuk University, Republic of Korea
| | - SH Cho
- Konkuk University, Republic of Korea
| | - CW Kang
- Konkuk University, Republic of Korea
| | - KW Lee
- Konkuk University, Republic of Korea
| | - KE Kim
- Nonghyup Feed, Republic of Korea
| | - BK An
- Konkuk University, Republic of Korea
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45
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Kim DH, An BK, Oh S, Keum MC, Lee S, Um JS, Ayasan T, Lee KW. Effects of different methionine sources on growth performance, meat yield and blood characteristics in broiler chickens. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2019.1617719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hye Kim
- Laboratory of Poultry Nutrition, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoung-Ki An
- Laboratory of Poultry Nutrition, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sungtaek Oh
- Laboratory of Poultry Nutrition, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Moung-Cheul Keum
- Laboratory of Poultry Nutrition, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Lee
- Laboratory of Poultry Nutrition, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Tugay Ayasan
- East Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, Adana, Turkey
| | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Laboratory of Poultry Nutrition, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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46
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Liao CC, Chou PL, Cheng CW, Chang YS, Chi WM, Tsai KL, Chen WJ, Kung TS, Tai CC, Lee KW, Chen YC, Lin CY. Corrigendum to "Comparative analysis of novel autoantibody isotypes against citrullinatedinter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 3 (ITIH3) 542-556 peptide in serum from Taiwanese females with rheumatoid arthritis, primary Sjögren's syndrome and secondary Sjögren's syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis" [J Proteomics 141: (2016) 1-11]. J Proteomics 2019; 194:227. [PMID: 30553786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C C Liao
- Proteomics Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - P L Chou
- Division of Allergy-Immunology-Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan; Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - C W Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Y S Chang
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - W M Chi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Medical University-Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - K L Tsai
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - W J Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan 26047, Taiwan
| | - T S Kung
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - C C Tai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Medical University-Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - K W Lee
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Y C Chen
- PhD Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - C Y Lin
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; PhD Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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47
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Mak CM, Mok NS, Shum HC, Siu WK, Chong YK, Lee HHC, Fong NC, Tong SF, Lee KW, Ching CK, Chen SPL, Cheung WL, Tso CB, Poon WM, Lau CL, Lo YK, Tsui PT, Shum SF, Lee KC. Sudden arrhythmia death syndrome in young victims: a five-year retrospective review and two-year prospective molecular autopsy study by next-generation sequencing and clinical evaluation of their first-degree relatives. Hong Kong Med J 2019; 25:21-9. [PMID: 30670673 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj187256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sudden arrhythmia death syndrome (SADS) accounts for about 30% of causes of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young people. In Hong Kong, there are scarce data on SADS and a lack of experience in molecular autopsy. We aimed to investigate the value of molecular autopsy techniques for detecting SADS in an East Asian population. METHODS This was a two-part study. First, we conducted a retrospective 5-year review of autopsies performed in public mortuaries on young SCD victims. Second, we conducted a prospective 2-year study combining conventional autopsy investigations, molecular autopsy, and cardiac evaluation of the first-degree relatives of SCD victims. A panel of 35 genes implicated in SADS was analysed by next-generation sequencing. RESULTS There were 289 SCD victims included in the 5-year review. Coronary artery disease was the major cause of death (35%); 40% were structural heart diseases and 25% were unexplained. These unexplained cases could include SADS-related conditions. In the 2-year prospective study, 21 SCD victims were examined: 10% had arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, 5% had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and 85% had negative autopsy. Genetic analysis showed 29% with positive heterozygous genetic variants; six variants were novel. One third of victims had history of syncope, and 14% had family history of SCD. More than half of the 11 first-degree relatives who underwent genetic testing carried related genetic variants, and 10% had SADS-related clinical features. CONCLUSION This pilot feasibility study shows the value of incorporating cardiac evaluation of surviving relatives and next-generation sequencing molecular autopsy into conventional forensic investigations in diagnosing young SCD victims in East Asian populations. The interpretation of genetic variants in the context of SCD is complicated and we recommend its analysis and reporting by qualified pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Mak
- Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Kwai Chung, Hong Kong
| | - N S Mok
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Kwai Chung, Hong Kong
| | - H C Shum
- Forensic Pathology Service, Department of Health, Hong Kong
| | - W K Siu
- Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Kwai Chung, Hong Kong
| | - Y K Chong
- Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Kwai Chung, Hong Kong
| | - H H C Lee
- Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Kwai Chung, Hong Kong
| | - N C Fong
- Department of Paediatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Kwai Chung, Hong Kong
| | - S F Tong
- Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Kwai Chung, Hong Kong
| | - K W Lee
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Kwai Chung, Hong Kong
| | - C K Ching
- Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Kwai Chung, Hong Kong
| | - S P L Chen
- Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Kwai Chung, Hong Kong
| | - W L Cheung
- Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Kwai Chung, Hong Kong
| | - C B Tso
- Forensic Pathology Service, Department of Health, Hong Kong
| | - W M Poon
- Forensic Pathology Service, Department of Health, Hong Kong
| | - C L Lau
- Forensic Pathology Service, Department of Health, Hong Kong
| | - Y K Lo
- Forensic Pathology Service, Department of Health, Hong Kong
| | - P T Tsui
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Kwai Chung, Hong Kong
| | - S F Shum
- Forensic Pathology Service, Department of Health, Hong Kong
| | - K C Lee
- Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Kwai Chung, Hong Kong
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48
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An BK, Kim DH, Joo WD, Kang CW, Lee KW. Effects of lycopene and tomato paste on oxidative stability and fatty acid composition of fresh belly meat in finishing pigs. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2018.1549963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Ki An
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Da-Hye Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won-Don Joo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang-Won Kang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- SOLTON Biochem Inc, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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49
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Lee HH, Kim DH, Lee KW, Kim KE, Shin DE, An BK. Dietary Effects of Natural Polyphenol Antioxidant on Laying Performance and Egg Quality of Laying Hens Fed Diets with Oxidized Oil. Braz J Poult Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2018-0791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- HH Lee
- Konkuk University, Republic of Korea; Daeho Co., Ltd, Republic of Korea
| | - DH Kim
- Konkuk University, Republic of Korea
| | - KW Lee
- Konkuk University, Republic of Korea
| | - KE Kim
- Nonghyup Feed, Republic of Korea
| | - DE Shin
- Nonghyup Feed, Republic of Korea
| | - BK An
- Konkuk University, Republic of Korea
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50
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Nugroho A, Lee KW, Kim H, Yi NJ, Suh KS. Challenging Alveolar Hemorrhage Complicating Pneumonia After Liver Transplantation: A Case Report. Transplant Proc 2018; 50:4046-4049. [PMID: 30577312 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar hemorrhage is a life-threatening clinical syndrome often initially thought to be atypical pneumonia. Association with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is well studied, but not with solid organ transplantation. We report a case of a 54-year-old woman presented with fever and shortness of breath on the third posttransplant day after deceased donor liver transplantation. Imaging studies showed diffuse bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and a positive sequential bronchoalveolar lavage test was revealed during bronchoscopy. Cytomegalovirus antigenemia was present in 8/200,000 white blood cells; Aspergillus galactomannan and Pneumocystis jirovecii were also present. However, only Aspergillus hyphae were found in the sputum culture. Management strategy aimed to treat underlying infections, provide adequate respiratory support, and control inflammation. We proposed that diffuse alveolar hemorrhage should be considered as differential diagnosis in early pulmonary complications after liver transplantation. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment protocol is the key for a good outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nugroho
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Surgery, Fatmawati General Public Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - K W Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - N J Yi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K S Suh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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