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Han S, Seo KH, Gyu Lee H, Kim H. Effect of Cucumis melo L. peel extract supplemented postbiotics on reprograming gut microbiota and sarcopenia in hindlimb-immobilized mice. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113476. [PMID: 37803799 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Postbiotics made from lactic acid bacteria may ameliorate sarcopenia via the metabolic reprogramming of gut dysbiosis. This study investigated the anti-sarcopenic effect of postbiotics (WDK) produced from polyphenol-rich melon peel extract (Cucumis melo L. var. makuwa, KEE) and whey with Lentilactobacillus kefiri DH5 (DH5) in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells and hindlimb-immobilized mice. WDK significantly ameliorated palmitate-induced atrophy of C2C12 cells, restoring myotube length and diameter. It also upregulated the expression of myogenic genes including Atrogin-1, Igf-1, and MyoD. Hindlimb-immobilized C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided and orally administered 10 mL/kg body weight of saline (CON), Whey, Whey + DH5 (WD), DH5 + KEE, Whey + DH5 + KEE postbiotic (WDK) for three weeks (n = 10/group). Interestingly, WDK significantly improved muscle function in hindlimb-immobilized mice by restoring both the grip strength and the mass of the soleus muscle, which was closely related to the upregulation of the myoD gene. WDK increased microbial diversity and modulated the distribution of intestinal bacteria, particularly those involved in protein synthesis and the production of butyrate. There was a significant correlation between myogenic biomarkers and butyrate producing gut microbiota. Restoration of muscle mass and function following postbiotic WDK is strongly related to the regulation of myogenic genes by in part remodulating gut microbiota. In conclusion, these findings suggest that polyphenol- and whey-based postbiotics WDK may have potential as an effective manner to combat the progression of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Han
- Department of Food & Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- Center for One Health, Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Gyu Lee
- Department of Food & Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Hyunsook Kim
- Department of Food & Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, South Korea.
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Youn HY, Kim HJ, Kim DH, Jang YS, Kim H, Seo KH. Gut microbiota modulation via short-term administration of potential probiotic kefir yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus A4 and A5 in BALB/c mice. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:589-598. [PMID: 36911334 PMCID: PMC9992467 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Kefir yeast, Kluyveromyces marxianus, has been evaluated for its potential probiotic properties-survivability, non-pathogenicity, and antioxidant and anti-microbial activities. However, host gut microbiota modulation of kefir yeasts remains unclear. Here, we compared kefir yeast strains K. marxianus A4 (Km A4) and K. marxianus A5 (Km A5) with Saccharomyces boulardii ATCC MYA-796 (Sb MYA-796) by investigating their adherence to colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells and gut microbiota modulation in BALB/c mice. The kefir yeast strains exhibited higher intestinal cell adhesion than Sb MYA-796 (p < 0.05). Bacteroidetes, Bacteroidales, and Bacteroides were more abundant in the 1 × 108 CFU/mL of Km A4 treatment group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, 1 × 108 CFU/mL of Km A5 increased Corynebacteriales and Corynebacterium compared to the 1 × 108 CFU/mL of Km A4 treatment group (p < 0.01). The results showed that Km A4 and Km A5 had good Caco-2 cell adhesion ability and modulated gut microbiota upon short-term administration in healthy mice. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01268-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Youn
- Center for One Health, Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jin Kim
- Center for One Health, Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeon Kim
- Center for One Health, Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Jang
- Center for One Health, Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsook Kim
- Department of Food & Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- Center for One Health, Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
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Kim SH, Chon JW, Jeong HW, Song KY, Kim DH, Bae D, Kim H, Seo KH. Identification and phylogenetic analysis of Enterococcus isolates using MALDI-TOF MS and VITEK 2. AMB Express 2023; 13:21. [PMID: 36813859 PMCID: PMC9947212 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01525-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterial genus Enterococcus encompasses 38 species. Two of the most common species are E. faecalis and E. faecium. Recently, however, there has been an increase in clinical reports concerning less prevalent Enterococcus species, such as E. durans, E. hirae, and E. gallinarum. Rapid and accurate laboratory methods are needed to facilitate the identification of all these bacterial species. In the present study, we compared the relative accuracy of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), VITEK 2, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing using 39 enterococci isolates from dairy samples, and compared the resultant phylogenetic trees. We found that MALDI-TOF MS correctly identified all isolates at the species level except for one, whereas the VITEK 2 system, which is an automated identification system using biochemical characteristics of species, misidentified ten isolates. However, phylogenetic trees constructed from both methods showed all isolates in similar positions. Our results clearly showed that MALDI-TOF MS is a reliable and rapid tool for identifying Enterococcus species with greater discriminatory power than the biochemical assay method of VITEK 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hyung Kim
- grid.258676.80000 0004 0532 8339Center for One Health, Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| | - Jung-Whan Chon
- grid.258676.80000 0004 0532 8339Center for One Health, Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| | - Hyo-Won Jeong
- grid.484628.4 0000 0001 0943 2764Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Gyonggi-Do, 13818 Korea
| | - Kwang-Young Song
- grid.258676.80000 0004 0532 8339Center for One Health, Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeon Kim
- grid.258676.80000 0004 0532 8339Center for One Health, Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| | - Dongryeoul Bae
- grid.258676.80000 0004 0532 8339Center for One Health, Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| | - Hyunsook Kim
- grid.49606.3d0000 0001 1364 9317Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang Univeristy, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763 Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- Center for One Health, Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea.
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Youn HY, Kim DH, Kim HJ, Jang YS, Song KY, Bae D, Kim H, Seo KH. A Combined In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of the Safety of the Yeast Strains Kluyveromyces marxianus A4 and A5 Isolated from Korean Kefir. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:129-138. [PMID: 35034322 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09872-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Kefir is a traditional fermented milk containing beneficial bacteria and yeasts. Despite Kluyveromyces marxianus, isolated from kefir, gaining increasing attention as a potential probiotic yeast owing to its biological function, Saccharomyces boulardii is the only species considered as a probiotic yeast. We evaluated the safety of K. marxianus strains A4 and A5, isolated from Korean kefir, in comparison with that of S. boulardii. Virulence attributes were preliminarily assessed in vitro including their ability of gelatin hydrolysis, pseudohyphae formation, and hemolysis. To evaluate in vivo safety, the strains were challenged in a healthy animal model, four-week-old female BALB/c mice. Mice were orally administered 0.2 mL of 0.9% sterilized saline (NC_S; n = 6), S. boulardii ATCC MYA-796 (high concentration, S.b_H; low concentration, S.b_L; n = 6 for each), K. marxianus A4 (high concentration, A4_H; low concentration, A4_L; n = 6 for each), or K. marxianus A5 (high concentration, A5_H; low concentration, A5_L; n = 6 for each) for 2 weeks. At study end, body weight, spleen and liver weights, and blood parameters were assessed. K. marxianus A4 and A5 were tested negative for gelatinase and hemolysis. Overall, hematological, plasma biochemical, and cytokine (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α) parameters were comparable between the experimental and negative control (NC) groups. Notably, the interleukin-6 level of the A5_H group was significantly lower than that of the NC group (p < 0.05), suggesting anti-inflammatory potential of K. marxianus A5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Youn
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeon Kim
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jin Kim
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Jang
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Young Song
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Dongryeoul Bae
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Hyunsook Kim
- Department of Food & Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea.
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Hong SH, Seo KH, Yoon SH, Kim SK, Chon J. Gold Nanoparticle and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-Based Colorimetric Assay for the Identification of Campylobacter spp. in Chicken Carcass. Food Sci Anim Resour 2023; 43:73-84. [PMID: 36789201 PMCID: PMC9890362 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2022.e59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is a common cause of gastrointestinal disease. In this study, we suggest a general strategy of applying gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in colorimetric biosensors to detect Campylobacter in chicken carcass. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was utilized for the amplification of the target genes, and the thiolated PCR products were collected. Following the blending of colloid AuNPs with PCR products, the thiol bound to the surface of AuNPs, forming AuNP-PCR products. The PCR products had a sufficient negative charge, which enabled AuNPs to maintain a dispersed formation under electrostatic repulsion. This platform presented a color change as AuNPs aggregate. It did not need additional time and optimization of pH for PCR amplicons to adhere to the AuNPs. The specificity of AuNPs of modified primer pairs for mapA from Campylobacter jejuni and ceuE from Campylobacter coli was activated perfectly (C. jejuni, p-value: 0.0085; C. coli, p-value: 0.0239) when compared to Salmonella Enteritidis and Escherichia coli as non-Campylobacter species. Likewise, C. jejuni was successfully detected from artificially contaminated chicken carcass samples. According to the sensitivity test, at least 15 ng/μL of Campylobacter PCR products or 1×103 CFU/mL of cells in the broth was needed for the detection using the optical method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hwan Hong
- Center for One Health, College of
Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- Center for One Health, College of
Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Sung Ho Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and
Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Soo-Ki Kim
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jungwhan Chon
- Department of Animal Health Care, Kyung-in
Women’s University, Incheon 21041, Korea,Corresponding author: Jungwhan
Chon, Department of Animal Health Care, Kyung-in Women’s University,
Incheon 21041, Korea, Tel: +82-55-320-4081, E-mail:
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Youn HY, Seo KH, Kim HJ, Kim YS, Kim H. Effect of postbiotics derived from kefir lactic acid bacteria-mediated bioconversion of citrus pomace extract and whey on high-fat diet-induced obesity and gut dysbiosis. Food Res Int 2022; 162:111930. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Seo KH, Gyu Lee H, Young Eor J, Jin Jeon H, Yokoyama W, Kim H. Effects of kefir lactic acid bacteria-derived postbiotic components on high fat diet-induced gut microbiota and obesity. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111445. [PMID: 35761685 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cellular components, surface layer protein (SLP) and exopolysaccharides (EPS) of postbiotic lactic bacteria (PLAB) can rehabilitate high-fat diet-induced dysbiosis and obese characteristic gut microbiome. However, it is not clear whether and how PLAB components affect gut microbiota and specifically adipocyte gene expression. Furthermore, SLP and EPS of PLAB in combination with polyphenolics of prebiotic wine grape seed flour (GSF) may have greater benefit on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and gut microbiota imbalance. To investigate interactions, C57BL/6 mice were fed a HFD and orally administered saline (CON), 250 mg/Kg EPS, or 120 mg/Kg SLP or saline with fed 2% GSF (GSF) or combination (42 mg/Kg EPS + 20 mg/Kg SLP + 0.5% GSF; ALL). There were significant reductions of HFD-induced body weight gain, adipose weight, serum triglyceride, and insulin resistance by the SLP and ALL diets compared to CON, with the most profound effect by ALL. ALL significantly affected the distribution of intestinal bacterial genus and species particularly those involved in production of short chain fatty acid (SCFA) and anti-obesogenic action. Microarray analysis from adipose tissue showed that ALL significantly affected expression of genes related to fatty acid biosynthesis, autophagy, inflammatory response, immune response, brown adipose tissue development and response to lipoteichoic acid and peptidoglycan (p < 0.05). Interestingly, expression of Akp13 (A-kinase anchoring protein 13) gene, which is related to body mass index and immune response, was negatively associated with the abundance of obesogenic and SCFAs producing gut bacteria. These data suggest that a combination of postbiotic kefir LAB cellular components and prebiotic GSF establishes a healthy intestinal microbiota that in part was associated with the prevention of obesity and obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Ho Seo
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Gyu Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju Young Eor
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Jeon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Hyunsook Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Kim HJ, Youn HY, Kang HJ, Moon JS, Jang YS, Song KY, Seo KH. Prevalence and Virulence Characteristics of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium in Bovine Mastitis Milk Compared to Bovine Normal Raw Milk in South Korea. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12111407. [PMID: 35681873 PMCID: PMC9179290 DOI: 10.3390/ani12111407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus spp. are pathogens that cause environmental mastitis and are difficult to eliminate owing to their resistance to antibiotics. To compare the virulence characteristics of isolates from bovine mastitis milk (BMM) and bovine normal raw milk (NRM), we isolated Enterococcus spp. from 39 dairy farms in South Korea from 2015−2020. A total of 122 Enterococcus spp. were identified, with Enterococcus faecalis (73.8%) accounting for the majority, followed by Enterococcus faecium (26.2%). E. faecalis isolated from BMM harbored gelE, asa1, esp, and cylA genes with a prevalence of 85.7, 71.4, 54.3, and 30.0%, respectively. These genes were significantly more abundant in BMM than in NRM, except for asa1 (p < 0.0001). Interestingly, strong biofilm and gelatinase formation was predominately observed for BMM isolates and this was significantly correlated to the presence of esp and gelE genes (p < 0.05). BMM isolates demonstrated higher resistance to tetracycline (59.3%), followed by chloramphenicol (21.0%), rifampicin (18.5%), doxycycline (4.9%), ciprofloxacin (1.2%), and nitrofurantoin (1.2%), than those from NRM. E. faecalis harboring esp, gelE, and cylA may be causative agents for bovine mastitis and act as a reservoir for the transmission of virulence factors to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Jin Kim
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (H.-Y.Y.); (Y.-S.J.); (K.-Y.S.)
| | - Hye-Young Youn
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (H.-Y.Y.); (Y.-S.J.); (K.-Y.S.)
| | - Hye-Jeong Kang
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeonsangbuk-do, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (J.-S.M.)
| | - Jin-San Moon
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeonsangbuk-do, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (J.-S.M.)
| | - Yong-Seok Jang
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (H.-Y.Y.); (Y.-S.J.); (K.-Y.S.)
| | - Kwang-Young Song
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (H.-Y.Y.); (Y.-S.J.); (K.-Y.S.)
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (H.-Y.Y.); (Y.-S.J.); (K.-Y.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-450-4121; Fax: +82-2-3436-4128
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Youn HY, Kim DH, Kim HJ, Bae D, Song KY, Kim H, Seo KH. Survivability of Kluyveromyces marxianus Isolated From Korean Kefir in a Simulated Gastrointestinal Environment. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:842097. [PMID: 35283845 PMCID: PMC8908258 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.842097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Kluyveromyces marxianus accounts for > 90% of the yeast population of kefir, and recently, its probiotic potential has been actively explored with a focus on its health benefits and safety. Herein, the survivability of five kefir-isolated K. marxianus strains (Km A1–A5) in a simulated gastrointestinal (GI) environment was evaluated and compared with those of commercial probiotic yeast, Saccharomyces boulardii MYA-796. To further explore the potential to survive in the host GI tract, biochemical activities, hydrophobicity assay, biofilm formation, auto-aggregation analysis, and phenol tolerance of the strains were assessed. K. marxianus A4 exhibited the best survivability among all tested strains, including the clinically proven probiotic yeast strain S. boulardii MYA-796 (p = 0.014) in the artificial GI tract ranging from pH 2.0 to 7.5. In addition, the five K. marxianus strains and S. boulardii MYA-796 displayed different assimilation of lactose, xylitol, D-sorbitol, and DL-lactate, indicating that K. marxianus metabolized a wide range of substances and, thus, might be more feasible to nourish themselves in the host GI tract for survival. K. marxianus strains showed a greater hydrophobicity of cell surface, abilities to biofilm formation and auto-aggregation, and phenol tolerance than S. boulardii MYA-796, suggesting greater potential for survival in the host GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Youn
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeon Kim
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jin Kim
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dongryeoul Bae
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Young Song
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunsook Kim
- Department of Food & Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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Lee SK, Chon JW, Yun YK, Lee JC, Jo C, Song KY, Kim DH, Bae D, Kim H, Moon JS, Seo KH. Properties of broiler breast meat with pale color and a new approach for evaluating meat freshness in poultry processing plants. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101627. [PMID: 34995878 PMCID: PMC8741502 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The current trend in monitoring meat quality is to move the quality measurements from the laboratory to the processing line. To provide better meat quality control in the commercial poultry processing plants, we evaluated the quality of broiler breast meat samples, observing different colors, and assessed their freshness using a Torrymeter. Different colors were classified based on the mean ± standard deviation of lightness (L*) values in 1,499 broiler breast fillets: Dark (L* < 56), normal (56 ≤ L* ≤ 62), and pale (L* > 62). To characterize the differences between the pale and normal color groups, we evaluated additional fillets for meat quality traits. Changes in meat quality during storage were also evaluated. The L* and Torrymeter values (freshness values) allowed us to distinguish between the pale and normal meat samples. Normal and pale fillets showed a significant difference in pH, Torrymeter values, and water-holding capacity (P < 0.001). The L* values were significantly correlated with cook and drip loss (P < 0.01) and were higher (paler, +1.2 L* unit) at 72-h postmortem than at 4-h postmortem. Torrymeter values were correlated with cook loss (P < 0.05) and pH (P < 0.001), and significantly decreased with the increase in storage period (P < 0.001). These results suggest the applicability of the Torrymeter, a fast and non-destructive device, in distinguishing stale and fresh breast fillets. With its portability and simplicity, the Torrymeter is expected to be a valuable tool to estimate meat freshness. Especially, the use of Torrymeter for evaluating pale breast fillets may allow easy identification and separation of fillets according to their pale, soft, and exudative properties in commercial poultry processing lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Kyoung Lee
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Whan Chon
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Yun
- Korea Institute for Animal Products Quality Evaluation, Gunpo, Gyeonggi, 435-010, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Chung Lee
- Korea Institute for Animal Products Quality Evaluation, Gunpo, Gyeonggi, 435-010, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheorun Jo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Young Song
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeon Kim
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongryeoul Bae
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsook Kim
- Department of Food Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-San Moon
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Kim YJ, Seo KH, Kim S, Bae S. Phylogenetic Comparison and Characterization of an mcr-1-Harboring Complete Plasmid Genome Isolated from Enterobacteriaceae. Microb Drug Resist 2022; 28:492-497. [PMID: 35180355 PMCID: PMC9058865 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2021.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Global dissemination of mobilized colistin resistance (mcr)-1-carrying plasmids has been reported. This study aimed to investigate the global dissemination of these plasmids using whole genome sequencing to provide better understanding on genetic characteristics. Sixty-seven complete plasmid genomes harboring mcr-1 were obtained. Phylogeny was built against full plasmid genomes. Different replicon types of plasmid were compared in terms of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), insertion sequence, and other functional genes. Five different replicon types of plasmid (IncX4, IncI2, IncP1, IncHIA, and IncFIB) were found to harbor mcr-1. IncX4 and IncI2 types of plasmid were well clustered in accordance with the country where they were isolated (and not as IncHIA and IncFIB). Three insertion sequences (ISApl1, ISKpn26, and IS1294) were identified in up- and/or downstream of mcr-1. Plasmids IncX4 and IncI2 were observed across the sample origin. Plasmids IncX4 showed high uniformity regardless of the origin of isolates and harbored H–NS coding genes, a facilitator for successful plasmid transfer. All three insertion sequences were observed in IncI2 plasmids. IncHI2 plasmids harbored various ARGs in addition to mcr-1. Our results elucidate the characteristics and phylogenetic relationships of complete mcr-1-harboring plasmids, indicating that global dissemination of mcr-1 is primarily owing to plasmid transfer rather than clonal spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ji Kim
- Division of Antimicrobial Resistance Research, Center for Infectious Disease Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seolhui Kim
- Division of Antimicrobial Resistance Research, Center for Infectious Disease Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Songmee Bae
- Division of Antimicrobial Resistance Research, Center for Infectious Disease Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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12
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Youn HY, Seo KH. Isolation and characterization of halophilic Kocuria
salsicia strains from cheese brine. Food Sci Anim Resour 2022; 42:252-265. [PMID: 35310564 PMCID: PMC8907793 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2022.e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Kocuria salsicia can survive in extreme environments and cause
infections, including catheter-related bacteremia, in humans. Here, we
investigated and evaluated the characteristics of nine K.
salsicia strains (KS1–KS9) isolated from cheese brine from a
farmstead cheese-manufacturing plant in Korea from June to December, 2020.
Staphylococcus aureus American Type Culture Collection
(ATCC) 29213 was used as a positive control in the growth curve analysis and
biofilm-formation assays. All K. salsicia isolates showed
growth at 15% salt concentration and temperatures of 15°C,
25°C, 30°C, 37°C, and 42°C. KS6 and KS8 showed
growth at 5°C, suggesting that they are potential psychrotrophs. In the
biofilm-formation analysis via crystal violet staining, KS6 exhibited the
highest biofilm-forming ability at various temperatures and media [phosphate
buffered saline, nutrient broth (NB), and NB containing 15% sodium
chloride]. At 25°C and 30°C, KS3, KS6, and KS8 showed higher
biofilm-forming ability than S. aureus ATCC 29213. The
antimicrobial resistance of the isolates was evaluated using the
VITEK® 2 system; most isolates were resistant to
marbofloxacin and nitrofurantoin (both 9/9, 100%), followed by
enrofloxacin (7/9, 77.8%). Five of the nine isolates (5/9, 55.6%)
showed multidrug resistance. Our study reports the abilities of K.
salsicia to grow in the presence of high salt concentrations and at
relatively low temperatures, along with its multidrug resistance and tendency to
form biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Youn
- Center for One Health, College of
Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Konkuk
University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- Center for One Health, College of
Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Konkuk
University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Corresponding author: Kun-Ho
Seo, Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of
Veterinary Public Health, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea, Tel:
+82-2-450-4121, Fax: +82-2-3436-4128, E-mail:
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13
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Kim E, Lee HG, Han S, Seo KH, Kim H. Effect of Surface Layer Proteins Derived from Paraprobiotic Kefir Lactic Acid Bacteria on Inflammation and High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:15157-15164. [PMID: 34882385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The antiobesity action of nonviable probiotic lactic acid bacteria (PLAB) may be attributed to bacterial cellular components recognized by host cells. The anti-inflammation and antiobesity properties of surface layer proteins (SLPs) that are cellular components isolated from kefir PLAB were determined in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells and obese mice. Kefir SLPs significantly decreased secretion of IL-6 and production of NF-kB p65 protein by LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells in a dose-response manner. C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat (HF) diet with oral administration of either saline (CON) or kefir SLPs for 6 weeks. SLPs significantly improved body weight gain and adipose tissue weight, plasma triglyceride concentrations, and insulin resistance. Profiling of adipocyte gene expression showed that the antiobesity effect was significantly related to the expression of genes associated with adipogenesis, autophagy, and inflammatory/immune response, and fatty acid oxidation. Taken together, SLPs are a novel bioactive component in kefir PLABs to target obesity and obesity-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eseul Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Gyu Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Sanghoon Han
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Hyunsook Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
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15
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Chon JW, Seo KH. Evaluation of Ceftazidime as an Antibiotic Supplement in Mannitol-Yolk-Polymyxin B Agar Used for Enumeration of Bacillus cereus in Ready-to-Eat Vegetables. J Food Prot 2021; 84:1698-1703. [PMID: 33793795 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The Bacillus cereus group of bacteria, which causes foodborne diseases, can be detected by culture on selective media. However, the presence of competing flora is the most common factor preventing the accurate enumeration of B. cereus on selective agars. In this study, we improved the selectivity of mannitol-yolk-polymyxin B agar (MYPA) and its modified version containing trimethoprim (mMYPA) developed in our previous study by supplementation with ceftazidime (16 μg/mL). Ceftazidime-supplemented MYPA (C-MYPA16) and mMYPA (C-mMYPA16) were evaluated for bacteria recovery and selectivity with three types of ready-to-eat vegetables. Four B. cereus and one Bacillus thuringiensis strains were mixed and artificially inoculated into vegetable salad, radish sprouts, and sprout mix and then recovered on MYPA, mMYPA, C-MYPA16, and C-mMYPA16. In all tested vegetables, mMYPA, C-MYPA16, and C-mMYPA16 culture resulted in similar recovery of B. cereus and B. thuringiensis (P > 0.05), whereas radish sprout and sprout mix colonies grown on MYPA were undistinguishable. C-mMYPA16 was the most selective medium because it eliminated most of the competing flora, especially that in sprouts, without negatively affecting the recovery of B. cereus and B. thuringiensis. Our results indicate that supplementation of mMYPA with ceftazidime may improve the selectivity of this medium for B. cereus and B. thuringiensis in food testing. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Whan Chon
- Department of Pet Total Care, Division of Nursing and Welfare, Kyung-in Women's University, Incheon 21041, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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16
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Chon JW, Jung JY, Ahn Y, Bae D, Khan S, Seo KH, Kim H, Sung K. Detection of Campylobacter jejuni from Fresh Produce: Comparison of Culture- and PCR-based Techniques, and Metagenomic Approach for Analyses of the Microbiome before and after Enrichment. J Food Prot 2021; 84:1704-1712. [PMID: 33878155 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT In this study, we compared the efficiency of culture-based methods with or without membrane filtration, real-time PCR, and digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) for the detection of Campylobacter in fresh produce. Alfalfa sprouts, clover sprouts, coleslaw, and lettuce salad spiked with Campylobacter jejuni were enriched in Bolton broth for 48 h, and enrichment cultures were either directly inoculated onto modified charcoal-cefoperazone-deoxycholate agar or applied on membrane filters placed on the surface of plating media. In parallel, 2-mL Bolton broth cultures were taken to extract DNA for real-time PCR and ddPCR assays and bacterial community analysis. A developed primer set for ddPCR and real-time PCR was evaluated for its inclusivity and exclusivity using pure culture of C. jejuni and non-C. jejuni strains, respectively. In pure culture, the primer set reacted only with C. jejuni strains and showed negative reaction to non-C. jejuni strains. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the detection efficiency of positive Campylobacter isolates from coleslaw and lettuce salad using four detection methods. However, for sprout samples, the detection efficiency of the culture method was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those of the two PCR assays and the filtration method. The analysis also revealed the presence of Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter as the most prevalent competing microbiota in enriched culture and only Acinetobacter on agar plates in the selective culture step. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Whan Chon
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA
| | - Ji Young Jung
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA
| | - Youngbeom Ahn
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA
| | - Dongryeoul Bae
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA
| | - Saeed Khan
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsook Kim
- Department of Food & Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kidon Sung
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA
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17
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Jang YS, Moon JS, Kang HJ, Bae D, Seo KH. Prevalence, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes from Raw Beef and Slaughterhouse Environments in Korea. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2021; 18:419-425. [PMID: 33900862 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2020.2903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in raw beef and in slaughterhouse environments was investigated from April 2019 to February 2020. Three hundred raw beef samples were purchased from 50 retailers and 10 restaurants (5 samples per source). One hundred and thirty-four samples from slaughterhouse environments were collected by swabbing (10 × 10 cm) the surfaces, gloves, splitting saw, and drains. L. monocytogenes was detected and identified according to the method described in ISO 11290-1, and confirmed by 16S rRNA sequencing. L. monocytogenes was detected in raw beef (2/300, 0.7%), gloves used in carcass splitting (6/21, 28.6%), the splitting saw (1/18, 5.6%), and the drain zone (1/15, 6.7%). All isolates were serotype 1/2a or 1/2c, based on screening using multiplex PCR-based serogrouping assay and serotyping kit for O-H antigens. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) following ApaI digestion of eight PFGE pulsotypes and four PFGE groups were identified. Biofilm formation analysis using Crystal Violet staining revealed the highest biofilm formation in strain LM-16, followed by D190613. Although L. monocytogenes isolates were susceptible to most antimicrobials, some resistance to penicillin (8/15, 53.3%) and tetracycline (2/15, 13.3%) was observed. Through PFGE, G190426, G190829, and G200210 isolated from the same location in this study were genetically homologous similar to the LM-16 strain, previously isolated from beef carcass in 2006. These results suggest that LM-16 has been continuously present in biofilms in the slaughterhouse environments since 2006. Our study indicates that L. monocytogenes contamination in raw beef could consistently occur during beef processing in slaughterhouse environments through contact with gloves, splitting saws, and drains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Seok Jang
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-San Moon
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, South Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Kang
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, South Korea
| | - Dongryeoul Bae
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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18
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Kim DH, Jeong CH, Cheng WN, Kwon HC, Kim DH, Seo KH, Choi Y, Han SG. Effects of kefir on doxorubicin-induced multidrug resistance in human colorectal cancer cells. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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19
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Seo KH, Kim DH, Yokoyama WH, Kim H. Synbiotic Effect of Whole Grape Seed Flour and Newly Isolated Kefir Lactic Acid Bacteria on Intestinal Microbiota of Diet-Induced Obese Mice. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:13131-13137. [PMID: 32124605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alterations of intestinal microbiota by synbiotic action of pre- and probiotics may confer health benefits to the host. In this study, high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA was used to analyze intestinal microbiota in feces, and the relative abundance of intestinal bacteria was correlated with physiological data from a prior study of a synbiotic combination of flavonoid-rich wine grape seed flour (WGF) and two newly isolated kefir lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in diet-induced obese mice. The combination of WGF and LAB enhanced observed operational taxonomic units and Chao1 index compared to WGF alone, indicating an increase in the microbial community richness. The combination significantly enhanced abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila and Nocardia coeliaca and their abundance had an inverse relationship with body weight gain and adipose weight. In conclusion, the synbiotic effects of WGF and LAB on improvement of high-fat-diet-induced obesity are strongly linked to remodeling intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Ho Seo
- KU Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeon Kim
- KU Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Wallace H Yokoyama
- Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Albany, California 94710, United States
| | - Hyunsook Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, South Korea
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20
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Abstract
Pterostilbene, 3',5'-dimethoxy-4-hydroxystilbene, is a resveratrol analogue and has been reported to have similar and often potent health-promoting properties. Pterostilbene has been shown to reduce weight gain, liver fat, plasma cholesterol, adiposity, inflammatory biomarkers, blood glucose, and other physiological characteristics of metabolic diseases in animal models. Studies on pterostilbene suggest that it may improve risk factors associated with diabetes, cardiovascular disease, fatty liver diseases, Alzheimer's disease, and other neurodegenerative diseases. Many of the extensive studies on the potential health benefits of pterostilbene were conducted by Dr. Agnes Rimando, a scientist with the United States Department of Agriculture, in collaboration with many U.S. and other international research groups. This review highlights the pterostilbene research of Dr. Rimando.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsook Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Wallace Yokoyama
- Western Research Center, United States Departement of Agriculture (USDA), Albany, California 94719, United States
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21
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Chon JW, Kim JW, Song KY, Lim JS, Bae D, Kim H, Seo KH. Fate and survival of Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7 during ripening of cheddar cheeses manufactured from unpasteurized raw milk. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Bae D, Lee JW, Chae JP, Kim JW, Eun JS, Lee KW, Seo KH. Characterization of a novel bacteriophage φCJ22 and its prophylactic and inhibitory effects on necrotic enteritis and Clostridium perfringens in broilers. Poult Sci 2020; 100:302-313. [PMID: 33357694 PMCID: PMC7772698 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
High necrotic enteritis (NE) incidence and mortality rates in poultry can be caused by Clostridium perfringens (CP) coinfected with Eimeria spp., a causative agent of coccidiosis. Banning of prophylactic use of antibiotics in feed has been accompanied by increased NE outbreaks, resulting in economically devastating losses to the broiler industry. To determine alternatives for controlling NE, we isolated CP-specific bacteriophages (BP), characterized their properties, evaluated their inhibitory effects on pathogenic CP, selected a highly effective phage (φCJ22), and used φCJ22 as a dietary supplement in experimental NE-afflicted broiler chickens. Male broilers (n = 780) were randomly assigned to 60 pens (n = 13 broilers/pen) and into 5 groups [CP-uninfected negative control (NC), basal diet (BD) without CP and BP; CP-infected positive control (PC), BD + CP; and 3 BP groups receiving low- (LP; BD + CP+105 BP), medium- (MP; BD + CP+106 BP), and high-phage (HP; BD + CP+107 BP plaque-forming units/kg) concentrations]. The results showed that MP and HP groups presented an antimicrobial activity toward clinical CP isolate strains, and the groups decreased NE lesions and mortality rates without changes in chicken performance at the end of the experimental period. After CP-challenge body weight gain and feed efficiency were significantly lower in phage-fed groups than that in the PC group (P < 0.05), and NE-associated mortality was the lowest in the HP group (P < 0.001). Moreover, histopathology revealed lesser gastrointestinal mucosal damage in the NC and BP-treated (LP, MP, and HP) groups than that in the PC group, and MP and HP significantly lowered viable CP number in the cecum content by up to 1.24log10 relative to only CP-infected PC group (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that addition of φCJ22 to chicken feed might effectively ameliorate NE, which is accompanied by reduced CP strains in the gut and compensate the performance of NE-afflicted broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongryeoul Bae
- KU Center for Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Pyo Chae
- CJ Jeiljedang Corp Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Kim
- CJ Jeiljedang Corp Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Su Eun
- CJ Jeiljedang Corp Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- KU Center for Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Seo KH, Jeong J, Kim H. Synergistic Effects of Heat-Killed Kefir Paraprobiotics and Flavonoid-Rich Prebiotics on Western Diet-Induced Obesity. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082465. [PMID: 32824369 PMCID: PMC7468817 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The synergistic anti-obesity effect of paraprobiotic heat-killed lactic acid bacteria (HLAB) and prebiotics has not been studied. To determine the anti-obesity properties of prebiotic polyphenol-rich wine grape seed flour (GSF) and paraprobiotic HLAB, C57BL/6J mice were administered a high-fat and high-fructose diet (HFFrD) with 5% microcrystalline cellulose (CON), HFFrD supplemented with 2.5% GSF, HFFrD with orally administered HLAB, or HFFrD with a combination of GSF and orally administered HLAB (GSF+HLAB) for 8 weeks. Compared with the CON group, the GSF and HLAB groups both showed significant reductions in HFFrD-induced body weight gain and adipose tissue weights (p < 0.05). Interestingly, combined supplementation with GSF and HLAB revealed statistically significant synergistic effects on body weight gain, visceral adiposity, and plasma triacylglycerol concentrations (p < 0.05). The synergistic action was significantly related to a decreased adipocyte gene expression in fatty acid synthesis and inflammation metabolism. In conclusion, the combination of prebiotic GSF and paraprobiotic kefir HLAB is potentially useful, as natural food ingredients, in the prevention of obesity and obesity-related diseases, especially for immunocompromised individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Ho Seo
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.-H.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Jaewoon Jeong
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.-H.S.); (J.J.)
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Hyunsook Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2220-1208; Fax: +82-2-2220-1856
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24
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Bae D, Kim DH, Chon JW, Song KY, Seo KH. Synergistic effects of the early administration of Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens DN1 and Kluyveromyces marxianus KU140723-05 on the inhibition of Salmonella Enteritidis colonization in young chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5999-6006. [PMID: 33142518 PMCID: PMC7647741 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to assess the feasibility of the lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens DN1 (LKF_DN1) and the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus KU140723-05 (KMA5), recently isolated from kefir, as probiotics. Specifically, we evaluated the effect of early administration of these 2 microbes on the inhibition of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) colonization in neonatal chicks. We also examined the effects of exposure of chicks to probiotics before SE exposure on the reduction in the number of gut SE. A total of 108 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free male layer chicks were used for 3 independent experiments. The experimental chicks were randomly divided into 6 groups (negative control: basal diet [BD] without probiotics and SE; positive control: BD; probiotic group [PG] 1: BD + LKF_DN1; PG2: BD + KMA5; PG3: BD + LKF_DN1 + KMA5; and PG4: BD+ a commercial product IDF-7), all of which, except negative control, were coadministered with SE strain resistant to rifampicin (SERR). We found that the administration of LKF_DN1 and/or KMA5 reduced the number of viable cells of the SERR strain in chicks by up to 1.90 log10, relative to positive control chicks. Compared with late administration (day [D] 10 and D11), early administration (D1 and D2) of the probiotics was more effective in reducing SERR cell numbers in the gut. Furthermore, we detected no significant difference in the reduction of gut SERR cell numbers in chicks from the same groups exposed to the probiotics at D10 and D11 before and after administration with SERR. Collectively, our findings indicate that, as dietary additives, LKF_DN1 and KMA5 showed potential probiotic activity in chicks. Moreover, the combination of the lactic acid bacteria and/or yeast strain was found to rapidly reduce SE numbers in the chick gut and showed a prolonged inhibitory effect against SE colonization. We, thus, propose that the administration of these 2 probiotics, as early as possible after hatching, would be considerably effective in controlling SE colonization in the guts of chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongryeoul Bae
- KU Center for Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeon Kim
- KU Center for Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Whan Chon
- KU Center for Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Young Song
- KU Center for Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- KU Center for Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Jang YS, Kim DH, Bae D, Kim SH, Kim H, Moon JS, Song KY, Chon JW, Seo KH. Prevalence, toxin-typing, and antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium perfringens from retail meats in Seoul, Korea. Anaerobe 2020; 64:102235. [PMID: 32619505 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is a ubiquitous, Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium. It can contaminate many types of retail meat products and cause food poisoning by producing enterotoxins in the small intestines of humans and domestic animals. We investigated the prevalence, toxin-encoding gene profile, and antimicrobial resistance of C. perfringens in beef, chicken, and pork meat purchased from retail markets in Seoul, Korea. C. perfringens was detected according to the International Organization for Standardization 7937, with some modifications, and confirmed using the Vitek 2 system. In total, 38 C. perfringens strains were isolated from 200 meat samples (38/200, 19%; thirty-three from chicken, and five from beef). Among the six toxins evaluated, including alpha, beta, epsilon, iota, enterotoxin (encoded in the cpe gene), and netB, only the cpa gene was detected in all isolates by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. The antimicrobial resistance of the isolates was evaluated using the agar dilution method and resistance to ampicillin (12/38, 31.6%), tetracycline (38/38, 100%), chloramphenicol (26/38, 68.4%), metronidazole (13/38, 34.2%), and imipenem (27/38, 71%) was observed. Interestingly, 30 of the 38 isolates (78.9%) were multiple-drug resistant, showing resistance to more than three different antimicrobial classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Seok Jang
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeon Kim
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Dongryeoul Bae
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Se-Hyung Kim
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Hyunsook Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Jin-San Moon
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Bacterial Disease Division, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Young Song
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Jung-Whan Chon
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea.
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Bae D, Chon JW, Kim DH, Kim H, Seo KH. Effect of folic acid supplementation on proliferation and apoptosis in bovine mammary epithelial (MAC-T) cells. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 33:13-21. [PMID: 32362185 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1758123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Folic acid (FA) is known to be an important micronutrient in humans; however, information regarding the effect of FA supplementation on bovine mammary epithelial (BME) cells is insufficient. FA supplementation is reported to increase milk production in dairy cows, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. This study examined the effects of FA supplementation on the proliferation and apoptosis of a BME cell line (MAC-T). MAC-T cells were treated with various concentrations (deficient in FA (DF) < 0.01 ng/mL; low-level FA (LF) 3.1 ng/mL; normal FA (NF) 15.4 ng/mL; and high-level FA (HF) 30.8 ng/mL) based on serum folate (10-20 ng/mL) in milking cows. HF treatment significantly increased the proliferation of MAC-T cells. Cellular apoptosis was observed mainly in the DF group. The number of apoptotic cells in DF media was significantly higher than that in NF media. The bcl-2/bax mRNA expression ratio was significantly increased in the HF group compared to that in the DF group. FA supplementation significantly increased the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax protein levels in MAC-T cells. FA supplementation increases proliferation and decreases apoptosis in these cells. This study might provide information regarding the molecular mechanism through which FA supplementation is associated with increased milk yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongryeoul Bae
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Whan Chon
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Dong-Hyeon Kim
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunsook Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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Kim SH, Kim DH, Lim HW, Seo KH. High prevalence of non-faecalis and non-faecium Enterococcus spp. in farmstead cheesehouse and their applicability as hygiene indicators. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Kim B, Seo KH. Development of a selective media for detecting Campylobacter spp. in chicken carcasses using avibactam supplemented mCCDA. Food Sci Biotechnol 2020; 29:1159-1163. [PMID: 32670670 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-020-00759-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. are major causes of gastrointestinal infections worldwide, and are commonly identified using modified-charcoal-cefoperazone-deoxycholate agar (mCCDA). However, the efficacy of this screening technique is often hindered by overgrowth of competing flora, such as extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli. Thus, in the present study we supplemented mCCDA with a recently developed ESBL inhibitor, avibactam (A-mCCDA). We inoculated mCCDA and A-mCCDA plates with 25 strains each of Campylobacter spp. and ESBL-producing E. coli, and thereby determined that the optimum avibactam concentration required to inhibit ESBL-producing E. coli was 0.0625 mg/L. At this concentration, a significantly higher proportion of Campylobacter spp. was isolated using A-mCCDA compared to that using mCCDA (P < 0.05). Thus, the results of the present study support the use of A-mCCDA to improve current Campylobacter screening methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binn Kim
- KU Center for One Health and Department of Public Helath, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 South Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- KU Center for One Health and Department of Public Helath, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 South Korea
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Kim DH, Chon JW, Kim H, Seo KH. Development of a novel selective medium for the isolation and enumeration of acetic acid bacteria from various foods. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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30
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Jeong HW, Kim JA, Jeon SJ, Choi SS, Kim MK, Yi HJ, Cho SJ, Kim IY, Chon JW, Kim DH, Bae D, Kim H, Seo KH. Prevalence, Antibiotic-Resistance, and Virulence Characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Restaurant Fish Tanks in Seoul, South Korea. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 17:209-214. [PMID: 31692375 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2019.2691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a marine bacterium that causes foodborne diarrhea. Many seafood restaurants keep live fish and shellfish in fish tanks for use in raw seafood dishes; thus, the present study aimed to investigate the prevalence, antibiotic-resistance, and virulence characteristics exhibited by V. parahaemolyticus detected in restaurant fish-tank water samples collected in Seoul, South Korea. Fish-tank water samples were collected from 69 restaurants in Seoul, and screened for the presence of V. parahaemolyticus via both a commercial detection kit, and a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect the toxR gene. Antibiotic susceptibility and virulence determinants of V. parahaemolyticus isolates were evaluated and identified using standard disk-diffusion and RT-PCR methods, respectively. Thirty-five (50.7%) of the 69 analyzed water samples were found to be contaminated with V. parahaemolyticus. Those isolates were most often resistant to ampicillin (51.4% of isolates), followed by amikacin and tetracycline (11.4%), and ceftazidime (8.6%). Thirty (85.7%) out of the 35 isolates carried all four cytotoxicity-inducing type III secretion system 1 (T3SS1) genes [specifically, 34 (97.1%), 33 (94.3%), 35 (100%), and 32 (91.4%) isolates carried genes encoding the VP1670, VP1686, VP1689, and VP1694 T3SS1 proteins, respectively]. The type VI secretion systems (T6SS1 and T6SS2) genes were also detected in 11 (31.4%) and 27 (77.1%) isolates, respectively. However, virulence determinants such as the hemolysin (tdh and trh), urease (ureC), T3SS2α, or T3SS2β genes that are known to be associated with enterotoxicity were not detected in all isolates. Although some known major virulence genes were not detected in the V. parahaemolyticus isolates, the results of this study indicate that restaurant fish tanks are a potential source of antibiotic-resistant V. parahaemolyticus. The presented data support the need for strict guidelines to regulate the maintenance of restaurant fish tanks to prevent antibiotic-resistant foodborne vibriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Won Jeong
- KU Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jin-Ah Kim
- Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Jeon
- Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Seong-Seon Choi
- Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Min-Kyeong Kim
- Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Yi
- Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Seok-Ju Cho
- Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Il-Young Kim
- Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jung-Whan Chon
- KU Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeon Kim
- KU Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongryeoul Bae
- KU Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunsook Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- KU Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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Lee MJ, Song KY, Lee WC, Chon JW, Kim H, Jeong J, Bae D, Seo KH. Epidemiological aspects of pathogenic microbial foodborne disease outbreaks in Korea and Japan from 2011 to 2015. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.13041/jpvm.2019.43.2.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS Extended holding time increases likelihood of illness in warmer than it does in cooler months. Split heating is less effective than continuous heating for inactivation of microbes. Longer holding times make meat more vulnerable to microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoon Jeong
- 1 Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Hyunsook Kim
- 2 Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- 1 Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
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Kim DH, Lim HW, Kim SH, Seo KH. Development of a real-time PCR assay for rapid screening of acetic acid bacteria as a group in food products. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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34
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Kim DH, Jeong D, Kang IB, Lim HW, Cho Y, Seo KH. Modulation of the intestinal microbiota of dogs by kefir as a functional dairy product. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:3903-3911. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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35
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Kothari D, Lee JH, Chon JW, Seo KH, Kim SK. Improved astaxanthin production by Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous SK984 with oak leaf extract and inorganic phosphate supplementation. Food Sci Biotechnol 2019; 28:1171-1176. [PMID: 31275717 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-019-00604-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin is widely used in food, feed and nutraceutical industries. Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous is one of the most promising natural sources of astaxanthin. However, the astaxanthin yield in the wild-type X. dendrorhous is considered low for industrial application. In the present study, X. dendrorhous ATCC 66272 was subjected to two-staged mutagenesis: (i) UV light and (ii) N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroso-guanidine (NTG) toward attaining higher astaxanthin yield. The UV-irradiation mutant, X. dendrorhous SK974 showed 1.7-fold (1.07 mg/g) higher astaxanthin production as compared with the wild-type strain (0.65 mg/g). The UV mutant strain was then treated with NTG, designated as X. dendrorhous SK984, displayed further 1.4-fold (1.45 mg/g) higher astaxanthin production. Furthermore, the oak leaf extract (5%, v/v) and inorganic phosphate (KH2PO4, 3 mM) supplementation resulted about 1.4-fold (1.98 mg/g) higher astaxanthin production as compared with control (1.45 mg/g) in X. dendrorhous SK984. These findings serve as a platform suggesting that intersecting approaches might be aimed toward systematically enhanced astaxanthin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damini Kothari
- 1Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyeong Lee
- 1Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Whan Chon
- 1Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
- 2KU Center for Food Safety, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- 2KU Center for Food Safety, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Ki Kim
- 1Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
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36
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Chon JW, Kim DH, Bae D, Song KY, Kim H, Sung K, Seo KH. Comparison of Direct Syringe Filtration and Membrane Filtration for the Selective Isolation of Campylobacter jejuni from Ready-to-Eat Sprouts. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 16:371-375. [PMID: 30864872 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Culture method using enrichment broth and selective agar is one of the most common isolation methods for detecting Campylobacter jejuni from food. However, the overgrowth of competing bacteria in enrichment culture complicates the selective isolation of C. jejuni. In this study, we compared an enrichment/plating method for the isolation of C. jejuni from sprout samples with an enrichment/plating method with syringe or membrane filtration when transferring enriched broths to plates. Four types of sprout samples were artificially contaminated with various levels of C. jejuni and incubated in 100 mL of Bolton broth for 48 h. Enrichment broths were either directly transferred onto modified charcoal-cefoperazone-deoxycholate agar or filtered through membrane or with a syringe. A significantly higher (p < 0.05) isolation rate of Campylobacter positives was obtained with both filtration methods (58-61%) than with the method without filtration (10%). Membrane filtrations yielded 61%, whereas syringe yielded 58% positives. In most cases of unfiltered samples (98%), high competing flora covered most of the plate, making differentiation and picking of suspicious colonies difficult. However, less plates were contaminated with competing flora in both filtration methods. Only 5% of plates were contaminated in the syringe filtration method, whereas no competing flora was observed in membrane filtration (0%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Whan Chon
- 1 Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeon Kim
- 1 Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongryeoul Bae
- 2 Arkansas Regional Laboratory, Office of Regulatory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas
| | - Kwang-Young Song
- 1 Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunsook Kim
- 3 Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kidon Sung
- 4 Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- 1 Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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Wei S, Park BJ, Kim SH, Seo KH, Jin YG, Oh DH. Detection of Listeria monocytogenes using Dynabeads® anti-Listeria combined with real-time PCR in soybean sprouts. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kang IB, Kim DH, Jeong D, Kim H, Seo KH. Contamination Level of Hygiene Indicator and Prevalence of Foodborne Pathogens in Retail Beef in Parallel with Market Factor. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2018; 38:1237-1245. [PMID: 30675116 PMCID: PMC6335133 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2018.e57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the contamination levels of hygienic indicators and foodborne
pathogens in retail meat products were investigated in relation to the various
market factors including processing temperature, processing area, and market
type. Ground beef samples (n=80) were purchased from 40 meat markets and
investigated for microbiological quality. Beefs processed below 20℃ had
significantly lower numbers of total coliforms (TC) than these processed over
20℃ (2.01 vs. 2.79 log CFU/g; p<0.05). Interestingly, separation
of processing area did not affect the contamination levels. Remarkably, the
contamination levels of hygienic indicator differ among market types, indicating
that not only processing condition but distribution structure that is directly
related with storage period could affect the final microbiological loads of the
meat products. In addition, the prevalences of Listeria
monocytogenes (a psychrotroph), Enterococcus
faecium, and Enterococcus faecalis were 7.5%
(6/80), 10.0% (8/80), and 20.0% (16/80), respectively, which is irrelevant to
market factors except meat products from wholesale markets where no L.
monocytogenes were found among 30 samples. The results of this
study indicate that the contamination level of hygiene indicator and foodborne
pathogens in retail beef is more related with processing temperature and storage
period than other environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Byeong Kang
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeon Kim
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Dana Jeong
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Hyunsook Kim
- Dept. of Food & Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang Univ., Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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Chon JW, Kim YJ, Kim DH, Song KY, Kim H, Seo KH. Supplementation of Modified Mannitol-Yolk-Polymyxin B Agar with Cefuroxime for Quantitative Detection of Bacillus cereus in Food. J Food Sci 2018; 84:133-137. [PMID: 30557913 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The presence of unwanted competing flora has been the most common confounding factor in the enumeration of Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) using selective media such as mannitol-yolk-polymyxin B agar (MYPA). The objective of this study was to improve MYPA selectivity for B. cereus by supplementation with a second-generation cephalosporin, cefuroxime. The performance of cefuroxime-supplemented MYPA (cefu-MYPA) was evaluated by comparison with original MYPA in 60 food products with established microbiological standards for B. cereus contamination. Cefu-MYPA demonstrated superior recoverability and selectivity for B. cereus compared with original MYPA in most tested foods. B. cereus numbers on MYPA and cefu-MYPA were 363.5 and 462.0 CFU/g, respectively. Competing flora on cefu-MYPA was detected in significantly less samples (70%) compared to original MYPA (93%). In addition, the detection and isolation of suspected colonies were significantly improved in cefu-MYPA because of the reduction or elimination of competing flora in all tested foods except fruit juice, indicating superior selectivity of the modified medium. Our findings suggest that cefuroxime supplementation of MYPA would markedly improve the detection rate of B. cereus, particularly in foods with high levels of indigenous flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Whan Chon
- the Konkuk Univ., Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ji Kim
- the Konkuk Univ., Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeon Kim
- the Konkuk Univ., Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Young Song
- the Konkuk Univ., Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsook Kim
- Dept. of Food & Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang Univ., 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- the Konkuk Univ., Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
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Kwon JH, Lee HG, Seo KH, Kim H. Combination of Whole Grapeseed Flour and Newly Isolated Kefir Lactic Acid Bacteria Reduces High-Fat-Induced Hepatic Steatosis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 63:e1801040. [PMID: 30537110 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE This study aims to determine the separate and combined effect of a prebiotic (catechin-rich wine grapeseed flour, GSF) and a probiotic (newly isolated kefir lactic acid bacteria, LAB) on hepatic steatosis of obese mice. METHODS AND RESULTS High-fat (HF)-induced obese mice are fed a HF diet containing 6% microcrystalline cellulose (MCC, control), 10% GSF, orally administrated LAB, or a combination of GSF and LAB for 9 weeks. There is a significant reduction of body weight gain and liver weights, plasma insulin concentrations, and HOMA-IR in all experimental groups compared to control. Total lipid content, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol concentrations of the liver are also significantly lowered. The combination of GSF and LAB further significantly affects cecum propionate content, plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST/GOT), and zonulin concentrations, which is significantly correlated with hepatic lipid content. Analysis of hepatic microarray data reveals that genes related to lipid synthesis, bile acid and cholesterol synthesis, antioxidant activities, oxidative stress, inflammation, and liver function are significantly modulated following the combination of GSF and LAB. CONCLUSION These data suggest that amelioration of HF-induced hepatic steatosis after consumption of GSF and LAB is partially mediated via alteration of cecum propionate and intestinal permeability, which modulates hepatic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Kwon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Hyeon Gyu Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- KU Center for Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Hyunsook Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
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Cho YJ, Lee HG, Seo KH, Yokoyama W, Kim H. Antiobesity Effect of Prebiotic Polyphenol-Rich Grape Seed Flour Supplemented with Probiotic Kefir-Derived Lactic Acid Bacteria. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:12498-12511. [PMID: 30392364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between prebiotics and probiotics may exert synergistic health benefits. This study investigated the combined effects of polyphenol-rich wine grape seed flour (GSF), a prebiotic, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) derived from kefir, a probiotic, on obesity-related metabolic disease in high-fat diet (HFD) induced obese (DIO) mice. DIO mice were fed with HFD with 6% microcrystalline cellulose (CON) or HFD supplemented with GSF (5% or 10% GSF), HFD with LAB orally administrated (LAB), or HFD with a combination of GSF and LAB orally administrated (GSF+LAB) for 9 weeks. The vehicle, saline, was also orally administered to the CON and GSF groups. In comparison to CON, all GSF and LAB groups showed a reduction ( P < 0.05) in HF-induced weight gain, liver and adipose tissue weights, plasma lipid concentrations, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance. The combination of 10% GSF and LAB showed synergistic effects ( P < 0.05) on body weight gain, plasma insulin and total cholesterol concentrations, and cecum propionate contents. Plasma zonulin and cecum propionate concentrations and intestinal FXR gene expression were ( P < 0.05) correlated with body weight gain. A pathway analysis of microarray data of adipose tissue showed that the combination of GSF and LAB affected genes involved in metabolic and immunological diseases, including inflammasome complex assembly ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, a combination of GSF and LAB inhibited HF-induced obesity and inflammation via alterations in intestinal permeability and adipocyte gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ju Cho
- Department of Food and Nutrition , Hanyang University , 222 Wangsimni-ro , Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763 , South Korea
| | - Hyeon Gyu Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition , Hanyang University , 222 Wangsimni-ro , Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763 , South Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- KU Center for Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine , Konkuk University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Wallace Yokoyama
- Western Regional Research Center , USDA , Albany , California , United States
| | - Hyunsook Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition , Hanyang University , 222 Wangsimni-ro , Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763 , South Korea
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Kim DH, Jeong D, Song KY, Seo KH. Comparison of traditional and backslopping methods for kefir fermentation based on physicochemical and microbiological characteristics. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Kang IB, Kim DH, Jeong D, Park JH, Seo KH. Heat resistance of Salmonella Enteritidis under prolonged exposure to acid-salt combined stress and subsequent refrigeration. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 285:165-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Jeong J, Chon JW, Kim H, Song KY, Seo KH. Risk Assessment for Salmonellosis in Chicken in South Korea: The Effect of Salmonella Concentration in Chicken at Retail. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2018; 38:1043-1054. [PMID: 30479510 PMCID: PMC6238039 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2018.e37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonellosis caused by chicken consumption has been a critical issue in food
safety worldwide, including in Korea. The probability of illness from
consumption of chicken was simulated in study, based on the recipe of Dakgalbi,
a commonly eaten chicken dish in Korea. Additionally, the processing stage at
slaughterhouses to decrease Salmonella concentration in
broilers was modeled to explore its effect on the likelihood of illness. A Monte
Carlo simulation model was created using @RISK. Prevalence of
Salmonella in chickens at the retail stage was found to be
predominantly important in determining the probability of illness. Other than
the prevalence, cooking temperature was found to have the largest impact on the
probability of illness. The results also demonstrated that, although
chlorination is a powerful tool for decreasing the Salmonella
concentration in chicken, this effect did not last long and was negated by the
following stages. This study analyzes the effects of variables of the
retail-to-table pathway on the likelihood of salmonellosis in broiler
consumption, and also evaluates the processing step used to decrease the
contamination level of Salmonella in broilers at
slaughterhouses. According to the results, we suggest that methods to decrease
the contamination level of Salmonella such as chlorination had
little effect on decreasing the probability of illness. Overall, these results
suggest that preventing contamination of broiler with
Salmonella must be a top priority and that methods to
reduce the concentration of Salmonella in broilers at
slaughterhouses hardly contribute to safe consumption of
Salmonella-contaminated chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoon Jeong
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jung-Whan Chon
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Hyunsook Kim
- Department of Food & Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Kwang-Young Song
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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Lim HW, Kim DH, Kim SH, Lee JM, Chon JW, Song KY, Bae D, Kim J, Kim H, Seo KH. Antimicrobial Effect of Mentha piperita (Peppermint) Oil against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Cronobacter sakazakii, and Salmonella Enteritidis in Various Dairy Foods: Preliminary Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.22424/jmsb.2018.36.3.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Chon JW, Seo KH, Bae D, Park JH, Khan S, Sung K. Prevalence, toxin gene profile, antibiotic resistance, and molecular characterization of Clostridium perfringens from diarrheic and non-diarrheic dogs in Korea. J Vet Sci 2018; 19:368-374. [PMID: 29486533 PMCID: PMC5974518 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2018.19.3.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens causes diarrhea and other diseases in animals and humans. We investigated the prevalence, toxin gene profiles, and antibiotic resistance of C. perfringens isolated from diarrheic dogs (DD) and non-diarrheic dogs (ND) in two animal hospitals in Seoul, Korea. Fecal samples were collected from clinically DD (n = 49) and ND (n = 34). C. perfringens was isolated from 31 of 49 DD (63.3%) and 21 of 34 ND dogs (61.8%). All C. perfringens strains were positive for the α toxin gene, but not for the β, ε, or ι toxin genes; therefore, all strains were identified as type A C. perfringens. All isolates were cpe-negative, whereas the β2 toxin gene was identified in 83.9% and 61.9% of isolates from DD and ND, respectively. Most isolates were susceptible to ampicillin (94%), chloramphenicol (92%), metronidazole (100%), moxifloxacin (96%), and imipenem (100%). However, 25.0% and 21.2% of isolates were resistant to tetracycline and clindamycin, respectively. Molecular subtyping of the isolated strains was performed by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Fifty-two isolates were classified into 48 pulsotypes based on more than 90% similarity of banding patterns. No notable differences were observed among the isolates from DD and ND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Whan Chon
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- KU Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Dongryeoul Bae
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Ji-Hee Park
- Joy Animal Hospital, Ansan 15388, Korea.,Veterinary Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Saeed Khan
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Kidon Sung
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
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Chon JW, Lee SK, Yoon Y, Yoon KS, Kwak HS, Joo IS, Seo KH. Quantitative prevalence and characterization of Campylobacter from chicken and duck carcasses from poultry slaughterhouses in South Korea. Poult Sci 2018; 97:2909-2916. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Jeong D, Kim DH, Song KY, Seo KH. Antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities of Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens DD2 against oral pathogens. J Oral Microbiol 2018; 10:1472985. [PMID: 29868163 PMCID: PMC5974711 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2018.1472985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus are major causative bacterial pathogens of dental caries. Objective: We investigated the applicability of three Lactobacillus strains (L. kefiranofaciens DD2, DD5, and DD6) isolated from kefir and three commercial Lactobacillus strains (L. plantarum ATCC 10,012, L. johnsonii JCM 1022, and L. rhamnosus ATCC 7469) as potential oral probiotics with respect to their survivability in an experimental oral environment, antimicrobial activity, and anti-biofilm formation activity against S. mutans and S. sobrinus. Results: Strains DD2, ATCC 10012, ATCC 7469, and JCM 1022 had the best oral survivability, including aerotolerance and enzymatic resistance, and inhibited the growth and biofilm formation of S. mutans and S. sobrinus. In particular, DD2 suppressed all three classes of biofilm formation-associated genes: those associated with carbohydrate metabolism and those encoding regulatory biofilm and adhesion proteins. Conclusions: These results indicate that the novel kefir isolate L. kefiranofaciens DD2 effectively and directly inhibits S. mutans and S. sobrinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Jeong
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul05029, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeon Kim
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul05029, Korea
| | - Kwang-Young Song
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul05029, Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul05029, Korea
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Kim YJ, Kim HS, Chon JW, Kim DH, Hyeon JY, Seo KH. New colorimetric aptasensor for rapid on-site detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in chicken carcass samples. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1029:78-85. [PMID: 29907294 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter is the most common cause of infectious intestinal disease, with nearly all cases caused by two species: C. jejuni and C. coli. We recently reported a gold nanoparticle-based two-stage aptasensing platform, which was improved in the present study for the rapid and on-site detection of both C. jejuni and C. coli in food samples. Compared to the previous platform, the improved platform yielded a more obvious colour change from red to purple due to the aggregation of gold nanoparticles, and does not require additional time or a pH optimization step for the aptamers to be adsorbed onto the gold nanoparticles. Using a highly specific aptamer that binds to live C. jejuni and C. coli, the improved aptasensor was highly effective for testing pure culture samples. The accuracy of the newly developed platform was comparable (p = 0.688) to that of the gold-standard detection method of tazobactam-supplemented culture, whereas it was superior to the official agar-based detection method (p = 0.016) in a validation study with 50 naturally contaminated chicken carcass samples. This is the first study on a colorimetric sensor that targets both live C. coli and C. jejuni in naturally contaminated samples. In addition, we provide the first evidence that both morphological status and the amount of Campylobacter present play key roles in the effectiveness of colorimetric detection. Thus, suitable selection of an antibody or aptamer with consideration of the morphological status of pathogens in samples is essential for direct detection without enrichment. Our data suggest that the sensor developed in this study can provide an excellent screening method, with a reduction in the detection time from 48 h to 30 min after enrichment, thus saving time, labour, and cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ji Kim
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong-Seok Kim
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jung-Whan Chon
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeon Kim
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Hyeon
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.
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