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Gaghan C, Browning M, Fares AM, Abdul-Careem MF, Gimeno IM, Kulkarni RR. In Ovo Vaccination with Recombinant Herpes Virus of the Turkey-Laryngotracheitis Vaccine Adjuvanted with CpG-Oligonucleotide Provides Protection against a Viral Challenge in Broiler Chickens. Viruses 2023; 15:2103. [PMID: 37896880 PMCID: PMC10612038 DOI: 10.3390/v15102103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an economically important disease in chickens. We previously showed that an in ovo adjuvantation of recombinant herpesvirus of the turkey-Laryngotracheitis (rHVT-LT) vaccine with CpG-oligonucleotides (ODN) can boost vaccine-induced responses in one-day-old broiler chickens. Here, we evaluated the protective efficacy of in ovo administered rHVT-LT + CpG-ODN vaccination against a wild-type ILT virus (ILTV) challenge at 28 days of age and assessed splenic immune gene expression as well as cellular responses. A chicken-embryo-origin (CEO)-ILT vaccine administered in water at 14 days of age was also used as a comparative control for the protection assessment. The results showed that the rHVT-LT + CpG-ODN or the CEO vaccinations provided significant protection against the ILTV challenge and that the level of protection induced by both the vaccines was statistically similar. The protected birds had a significantly upregulated expression of interferon (IFN)γ or interleukin (IL)-12 cytokine genes. Furthermore, the chickens vaccinated with the rHVT-LT + CpG-ODN or CEO vaccine had a significantly higher frequency of γδ T cells and activated CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, compared to the unvaccinated-ILTV challenge control. Collectively, our findings suggest that CpG-ODN can be used as an effective adjuvant for rHVT-LT in ovo vaccination to induce protective immunity against ILT in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carissa Gaghan
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA (A.M.F.)
| | - Matthew Browning
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA (A.M.F.)
| | - Abdelhamid M. Fares
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA (A.M.F.)
| | - Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem
- Health Research Innovation Center 2C58, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - Isabel M. Gimeno
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA (A.M.F.)
| | - Raveendra R. Kulkarni
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA (A.M.F.)
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2
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Zhang H, Li Z, Zhang H, Guo Y, Zhang X, Zhang L, Yang L, Li S, Li C, Cui D, Xie R, Li Y, Huang J. Recombinant hemagglutinin displaying on yeast reshapes congenital lymphocyte subsets to prompt optimized systemic immune protection against avian influenza infection. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1153922. [PMID: 37323887 PMCID: PMC10264594 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1153922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prophylactic vaccination is regarded as the most effective means to control avian flu infection. Currently, there is a need for a universal vaccine that provides broad and long-lasting protection against influenza virus. Meanwhile, although yeast-based vaccines have been used in clinic, studies are still required to further understand the molecular mechanism of yeast-based vaccines under physiological conditions. Methods We generated a yeast-based vaccine against influenza hemagglutinin (HA) of H5, H7 and H9 using surface displaying technology and evaluated the protective efficacy of chickens after exposure to H9N2 influenza virus. Results Oral yeast vaccine provided less clinical syndrome, reduced viral loading and alleviated airway damage significantly. Compared to the commercial inactivated vaccine, yeast vaccine stimulated the activation of splenic NK and APCs cells and boosted TLR7-IRF7-IFN signaling in spleen. Meanwhile, γδ T cells in the bursa of Fabricius were activated and the innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in the bursa of Fabricius promoted the CILPs to differentiate to ILC3 cells in oral yeast birds. Moreover, the reshaped gut microbiota and a suppressed Th17-IL17-mediated inflammation in intestine was observed in oral yeast chickens, which might facilitate the recovery of intestinal mucosal immunity upon virus infection. Collectively, our findings suggest that oral yeast based multivalent bird flu vaccines provide an attractive strategy to update host defense function via reshapes of multi-systemic immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zexing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huixia Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanyu Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lilin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liu Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shujun Li
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Changyan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Daqing Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruyu Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongqing Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhai Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Dong J, Chen M, Yu L, Rao D, Zhang N, Cong F. Seneca Valley virus induces proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine response in vitro. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE 2023; 87:120-126. [PMID: 37020572 PMCID: PMC10069161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Seneca Valley virus (SVV) is an oncolytic virus, which belongs to the Picornaviridae family, that causes blisters on the nose and hooves, affecting the production performance of pigs. However, the function of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in SVV infection is still unclear. In our study, SVV infection could induce a high expression of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and chemokines, including chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5), and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10). Interfered genes of IL-1α, IL-1β, and TNF-α inhibited virus replication, but interfered genes of CCL2, CCL5, and CXCL10 promoted virus replication. These results indicate that proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines are involved in SVV infection; this will be beneficial to explore the pathogenesis and cytokine therapy of SVV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Dong
- School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China (Dong, Chen, Rao); College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Yu); Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou 510633, China (Cong); Henan Fengyuan Hepu Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Zhumadian 463900, China (Zhang)
| | - Mingrui Chen
- School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China (Dong, Chen, Rao); College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Yu); Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou 510633, China (Cong); Henan Fengyuan Hepu Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Zhumadian 463900, China (Zhang)
| | - Linyang Yu
- School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China (Dong, Chen, Rao); College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Yu); Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou 510633, China (Cong); Henan Fengyuan Hepu Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Zhumadian 463900, China (Zhang)
| | - Dan Rao
- School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China (Dong, Chen, Rao); College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Yu); Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou 510633, China (Cong); Henan Fengyuan Hepu Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Zhumadian 463900, China (Zhang)
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China (Dong, Chen, Rao); College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Yu); Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou 510633, China (Cong); Henan Fengyuan Hepu Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Zhumadian 463900, China (Zhang)
| | - Feng Cong
- School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China (Dong, Chen, Rao); College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China (Yu); Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou 510633, China (Cong); Henan Fengyuan Hepu Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Zhumadian 463900, China (Zhang)
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Gaghan C, Browning M, Cortes AL, Gimeno IM, Kulkarni RR. Effect of CpG-Oligonucleotide in Enhancing Recombinant Herpes Virus of Turkey-Laryngotracheitis Vaccine-Induced Immune Responses in One-Day-Old Broiler Chickens. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020294. [PMID: 36851171 PMCID: PMC9965839 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an economically important disease of chickens. While the recombinant vaccines can reduce clinical disease severity, the associated drawbacks are poor immunogenicity and delayed onset of immunity. Here, we used CpG-oligonucleotides (ODN) as an in ovo adjuvant in boosting recombinant herpesvirus of turkey-laryngotracheitis (rHVT-LT) vaccine-induced responses in one-day-old broiler chickens. Two CpG-ODN doses (5 and 10 μg/egg) with no adverse effect on the vaccine-virus replication or chick hatchability were selected for immune-response evaluation. Results showed that while CpG-ODN adjuvantation induced an increased transcription of splenic IFNγ and IL-1β, and lung IFNγ genes, the IL-1β gene expression in the lung was significantly downregulated compared to the control. Additionally, the transcription of toll-like receptor (TLR)21 in the spleen and lung and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the spleen of all vaccinated groups was significantly reduced. Furthermore, splenic cellular immunophenotyping showed that the CpG-ODN-10μg adjuvanted vaccination induced a significantly higher number of macrophages, TCRγδ+, and CD4+ T cells as well as a higher frequency of activated T cells (CD4+CD44+) when compared to the control. Collectively, the findings suggested that CpG-ODN can boost rHVT-LT-induced immune responses in day-old chicks, which may help in anti-ILT defense during their later stages of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Isabel M. Gimeno
- Correspondence: (I.M.G.); (R.R.K.); Tel.: +1-919-513-6852 (I.M.G.); +1-919-513-6277 (R.R.K.)
| | - Raveendra R. Kulkarni
- Correspondence: (I.M.G.); (R.R.K.); Tel.: +1-919-513-6852 (I.M.G.); +1-919-513-6277 (R.R.K.)
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Wang Q, Fang Z, Li L, Wang H, Zhu J, Zhang P, Lee YK, Zhao J, Zhang H, Lu W, Chen W. Lactobacillus mucosae exerted different antiviral effects on respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1001313. [PMID: 36090099 PMCID: PMC9459143 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1001313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a constant threat to the health of young children, and this is mainly attributed to the lack of effective prevention strategies. This study aimed to determine whether Lactobacillus (L.) mucosae, a potential probiotic, could protect against respiratory viral infection in a mouse model. Naive 3–4-week-old BALB/c mice were orally administered with three L. mucosae strains (2.5 × 108 CFU/mouse) 7 days before RSV infection (105 TCID50/mouse). Results showed that all three strains inhibited RSV replication and reduced the proportions of inflammatory cells, including granulocytes and monocytes in the blood. The L. mucosae M104R01L3 treatment maintained stable weight in mice and increased interferon (IFN)-β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels. The L. mucosae DCC1HL5 treatment increased interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-10 levels. Moreover, the M104R01L3 and DCC1HL5 strains increased the proportions of Akkermansia, Alistipes, and Anaeroplasma which contributed to the advantageous modulation of the gut microbiota. Besides, L. mucosae affected the gut levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that are important for the antiviral response. L. mucosae 1,025 increased acetate, propionate, and butyrate levels, whereas L. mucosae M104R01L3 increased the level of acetate in the gut. L. mucosae M104R01L3 may protect against viral infection by upregulating the IFN-β levels in the lungs and its antiviral effect may be related to the increase of acetate levels in the gut. In conclusion, the three L. mucosae strains exerted antiviral effects against RSV infection by differentially regulating immune responses and intestinal micro-ecological balance. This study can provide a reference for studying the mechanisms underlying the antiviral effects of L. mucosae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhifeng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lingzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hongchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jinlin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Pinghu Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-kun Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Pharmabiotics and Antibiotic Resistance, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research, Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Pharmabiotics and Antibiotic Resistance, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenwei Lu,
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Li W, Wang H, Zheng SJ. Roles of RNA Sensors in Host Innate Response to Influenza Virus and Coronavirus Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158285. [PMID: 35955436 PMCID: PMC9368391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus and coronavirus are two important respiratory viruses, which often cause serious respiratory diseases in humans and animals after infection. In recent years, highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) and SARS-CoV-2 have become major pathogens causing respiratory diseases in humans. Thus, an in-depth understanding of the relationship between viral infection and host innate immunity is particularly important to the stipulation of effective control strategies. As the first line of defense against pathogens infection, innate immunity not only acts as a natural physiological barrier, but also eliminates pathogens through the production of interferon (IFN), the formation of inflammasomes, and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this process, the recognition of viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is the initiation and the most important part of the innate immune response. In this review, we summarize the roles of RNA sensors in the host innate immune response to influenza virus and coronavirus infections in different species, with a particular focus on innate immune recognition of viral nucleic acids in host cells, which will help to develop an effective strategy for the control of respiratory infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.L.); (H.W.)
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongnuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.L.); (H.W.)
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shijun J. Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.L.); (H.W.)
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-10-62834681
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Michaely LM, Rissmann M, Keller M, König R, von Arnim F, Eiden M, Rohn K, Baumgärtner W, Groschup M, Ulrich R. NSG-Mice Reveal the Importance of a Functional Innate and Adaptive Immune Response to Overcome RVFV Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020350. [PMID: 35215938 PMCID: PMC8880686 DOI: 10.3390/v14020350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic disease caused by RVF Phlebovirus (RVFV). The RVFV MP-12 vaccine strain is known to exhibit residual virulence in the case of a deficient interferon type 1 response. The hypothesis of this study is that virus replication and severity of lesions induced by the MP-12 strain in immunocompromised mice depend on the specific function of the disturbed pathway. Therefore, 10 strains of mice with deficient innate immunity (B6-IFNARtmAgt, C.129S7(B6)-Ifngtm1Ts/J, B6-TLR3tm1Flv, B6-TLR7tm1Aki, NOD/ShiLtJ), helper T-cell- (CD4tm1Mak), cytotoxic T-cell- (CD8atm1Mak), B-cell- (Igh-Jtm1DhuN?+N2), combined T- and B-cell- (NU/J) and combined T-, B-, natural killer (NK) cell- and macrophage-mediated immunity (NOD.Cg-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1WjI/SzJ (NSG) mice) were subcutaneously infected with RVFV MP-12. B6-IFNARtmAgt mice were the only strain to develop fatal disease due to RVFV-induced severe hepatocellular necrosis and apoptosis. Notably, no clinical disease and only mild multifocal hepatocellular necrosis and apoptosis were observed in NSG mice, while immunohistochemistry detected the RVFV antigen in the liver and the brain. No or low virus expression and no lesions were observed in the other mouse strains. Conclusively, the interferon type 1 response is essential for early control of RVFV replication and disease, whereas functional NK cells, macrophages and lymphocytes are essential for virus clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Mathias Michaely
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
- Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 2, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Rissmann
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (M.R.); (M.K.); (R.K.); (F.v.A.); (M.E.); (M.G.)
| | - Markus Keller
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (M.R.); (M.K.); (R.K.); (F.v.A.); (M.E.); (M.G.)
| | - Rebecca König
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (M.R.); (M.K.); (R.K.); (F.v.A.); (M.E.); (M.G.)
| | - Felicitas von Arnim
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (M.R.); (M.K.); (R.K.); (F.v.A.); (M.E.); (M.G.)
| | - Martin Eiden
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (M.R.); (M.K.); (R.K.); (F.v.A.); (M.E.); (M.G.)
| | - Karl Rohn
- Institute for Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 2, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
- Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 2, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-953-8620; Fax: +49-511-953-8675
| | - Martin Groschup
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (M.R.); (M.K.); (R.K.); (F.v.A.); (M.E.); (M.G.)
| | - Reiner Ulrich
- Institute of Veterinary-Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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Shu Z, Yuan J, Wang H, Zhang J, Li S, Zhang H, Liu Y, Yin Y, Zhang X. Streptococcus pneumoniae PepO promotes host anti-infection defense via autophagy in a Toll-like receptor 2/4 dependent manner. Virulence 2021; 11:270-282. [PMID: 32172666 PMCID: PMC7161686 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1739411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage is essential for host anti-bacterial defense by directly eliminating invading microbes and inducing a series of immune reactions. Here we identified a Streptococcus pneumoniae protein, PepO, as a TLR2/TLR4 bi-ligand. We found that PepO enhances macrophage unspecific phagocytosis and bactericidal activity, which is related to the induction of autophagy in macrophage, for the inhibition of autophagy significantly decreased the phagocytosis and bactericidal activity of PepO-treated macrophage. We confirmed that these effects of PepO are dependent on interacting with both TLR2 and TLR4. The tlr2 or tlr4 deficiency partially abolished the effect of PepO while tlr2/tlr4 deficiency abolished it completely. In vivo study demonstrated that PepO reduced the bacteria load in WT mice significantly, while the depletion of macrophage or tlr2/tlr4 deficiency abrogated the effect of PepO. Our findings suggested the therapeutic potential of PepO and provided experimental evidence for immunotherapy against infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoche Shu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sijie Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yusi Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yibing Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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9
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Campbell LK, Magor KE. Pattern Recognition Receptor Signaling and Innate Responses to Influenza A Viruses in the Mallard Duck, Compared to Humans and Chickens. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:209. [PMID: 32477965 PMCID: PMC7236763 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mallard ducks are a natural host and reservoir of avian Influenza A viruses. While most influenza strains can replicate in mallards, the virus typically does not cause substantial disease in this host. Mallards are often resistant to disease caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses, while the same strains can cause severe infection in humans, chickens, and even other species of ducks, resulting in systemic spread of the virus and even death. The differences in influenza detection and antiviral effectors responsible for limiting damage in the mallards are largely unknown. Domestic mallards have an early and robust innate response to infection that seems to limit replication and clear highly pathogenic strains. The regulation and timing of the response to influenza also seems to circumvent damage done by a prolonged or dysregulated immune response. Rapid initiation of innate immune responses depends on viral recognition by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed in tissues where the virus replicates. RIG-like receptors (RLRs), Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and Nod-like receptors (NLRs) are all important influenza sensors in mammals during infection. Ducks utilize many of the same PRRs to detect influenza, namely RIG-I, TLR7, and TLR3 and their downstream adaptors. Ducks also express many of the same signal transduction proteins including TBK1, TRIF, and TRAF3. Some antiviral effectors expressed downstream of these signaling pathways inhibit influenza replication in ducks. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in our understanding of influenza recognition and response through duck PRRs and their adaptors. We compare basal tissue expression and regulation of these signaling components in birds, to better understand what contributes to influenza resistance in the duck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee K Campbell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Katharine E Magor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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10
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In Ovo Delivered Toll-Like Receptor 7 Ligand, Resiquimod Enhances Host Responses against Infectious Bronchitis Corona Virus (IBV) Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020186. [PMID: 32326430 PMCID: PMC7349678 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 ligand, resiquimod, has been studied as an adjuvant and antiviral agent against several pathogens in chicken. Yet, the effectiveness of resiquimod against infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infection has not been evaluated. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of resiquimod delivered pre-hatch (in ovo) against IBV infection post-hatch identifying key mechanisms involved in resiquimod driven immune activation. First, we found an upregulation of interleukin (IL)-1β and interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA levels and considerable expansions of macrophage and cluster of differentiation (CD) 8α+ T cell populations in lungs of chicken as early as day one post-hatch, following pre-hatch delivery of resiquimod. Second, we observed that resiquimod was able to act as an adjuvant when resiquimod was delivered pre-hatch along with an inactivated IBV vaccine. Finally, when the resiquimod pretreated one-day-old chickens were infected with IBV, reduction in viral shedding via oral and fecal routes was observed at 3 days post- infection. Overall, this study shows that the pre-hatch delivered resiquimod increases cell-mediated immune responses in lungs with an advantage of reduction in IBV shedding.
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11
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Host-Virus Interaction: How Host Cells Defend against Influenza A Virus Infection. Viruses 2020; 12:v12040376. [PMID: 32235330 PMCID: PMC7232439 DOI: 10.3390/v12040376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are highly contagious pathogens infecting human and numerous animals. The viruses cause millions of infection cases and thousands of deaths every year, thus making IAVs a continual threat to global health. Upon IAV infection, host innate immune system is triggered and activated to restrict virus replication and clear pathogens. Subsequently, host adaptive immunity is involved in specific virus clearance. On the other hand, to achieve a successful infection, IAVs also apply multiple strategies to avoid be detected and eliminated by the host immunity. In the current review, we present a general description on recent work regarding different host cells and molecules facilitating antiviral defenses against IAV infection and how IAVs antagonize host immune responses.
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12
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Barjesteh N, O'Dowd K, Vahedi SM. Antiviral responses against chicken respiratory infections: Focus on avian influenza virus and infectious bronchitis virus. Cytokine 2020; 127:154961. [PMID: 31901597 PMCID: PMC7129915 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Some of the respiratory viral infections in chickens pose a significant threat to the poultry industry and public health. In response to viral infections, host innate responses provide the first line of defense against viruses, which often act even before the establishment of the infection. Host cells sense the presence of viral components through germinal encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). The engagement of PRRs with pathogen-associated molecular patterns leads to the induction of pro-inflammatory and interferon productions. Induced antiviral responses play a critical role in the outcome of the infections. In order to improve current strategies for control of viral infections or to advance new strategies aimed against viral infections, a deep understanding of host-virus interaction and induction of antiviral responses is required. In this review, we summarized recent progress in understanding innate antiviral responses in chickens with a focus on the avian influenza virus and infectious bronchitis virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Barjesteh
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP), and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Kelsey O'Dowd
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP), and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Seyed Milad Vahedi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Ben-Nun-Shaul O, Srivastava R, Elgavish S, Gandhi S, Nevo Y, Benyamini H, Eden A, Oppenheim A. Empty SV40 capsids increase survival of septic rats by eliciting numerous host signaling networks that participate in a number of systemic functions. Oncotarget 2020; 11:574-588. [PMID: 32110278 PMCID: PMC7021236 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is an excessive, dysregulated immune response to infection that activates inflammatory and coagulation cascades, which may lead to tissue injury, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and death. Millions of individuals die annually of sepsis. To date, the only treatment available is antibiotics, drainage of the infection source when possible, and organ support in intensive care units. Numerous previous attempts to develop therapeutic treatments, directed at discreet targets of the sepsis cascade, could not cope with the complex pathophysiology of sepsis and failed. Here we describe a novel treatment, based on empty capsids of SV40 (nanocapsids - NCs). Studies in a severe rat sepsis model showed that pre-treatment by NCs led to a dramatic increase in survival, from zero to 75%. Transcript analyses (RNAseq) demonstrated that the NC treatment is a paradigm shift. The NCs affect multiple facets of biological functions. The affected genes are modified with time, adjusting to the recovery processes. The NCs effect on normal control rats was negligible. The study shows that the NCs are capable of coping with diseases with intricate pathophysiology. Further studies are needed to determine whether when applied after sepsis onset, the NCs still improve outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sharona Elgavish
- Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE Computation Center, The Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shashi Gandhi
- The Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yuval Nevo
- Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE Computation Center, The Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hadar Benyamini
- Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE Computation Center, The Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Arieh Eden
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
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14
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Nawab A, An L, Wu J, Li G, Liu W, Zhao Y, Wu Q, Xiao M. Chicken toll-like receptors and their significance in immune response and disease resistance. Int Rev Immunol 2019; 38:284-306. [PMID: 31662000 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2019.1659258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a major challenge for the poultry industry that causes widespread production losses. Thus, management and control of poultry health and diseases are essential for the viability of the industry. Toll-like receptors are best characterized as membrane-bound receptors that perform a central role in immune homeostasis and disease resistance by recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. In response to pathogen recognition, TLRs initiate both innate and adaptive immune responses which may help to develop immunomodulatory therapeutics for TLR associated diseases. Vaccination produces specific immunity in the animal's body towards pathogens. However, due to certain disadvantages of vaccines, (inactivation of attenuated pathogens into the virulent strains and weak immunogenicity of inactivated vaccines) there is a crucial need to develop the safe and effective therapeutic intervention. TLR ligands have been classified as a potential adjuvant against the infectious diseases in farm animals. TLR adjuvants induce both specific and nonspecific immune responses in chickens to combat several bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases. Therefore, the aim of this review was to explore the chicken TLR4 and their role in immune responses and disease resistance to develop disease resistance poultry breeds in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Nawab
- Department of Animal Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, PMAS- Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Lilong An
- Department of Animal Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Guanghui Li
- Department of Animal Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenchao Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Qimin Wu
- Mechanical and Power Engineering College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Mei Xiao
- Department of Animal Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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15
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Quantitative analysis of Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) cytokines and TLR expression to eyeworm (Oxyspirura petrowi) and caecal worm (Aulonocephalus pennula) glycoproteins. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:2909-2918. [PMID: 31418111 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06418-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Helminth parasites have been a popular research topic due to their global prevalence and adverse effects on livestock and game species. The Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus), a popular game bird in the USA, is one species subject to helminth infection and has been experiencing a decline of > 4% annually over recent decades. In the Rolling Plains Ecoregion of Texas, the eyeworm (Oxyspirura petrowi) and caecal worm (Aulonocephalus pennula) helminths are found to be highly prevalent in bobwhite. While there have been increasing studies on the prevalence, pathology, and phylogeny of the eyeworm and caecal worm, there is still a need to investigate the bobwhite immune response to infection. This study utilizes previously sequenced bobwhite cytokines and toll-like receptors to develop and optimize qPCR primers and measure gene expression in bobwhite intramuscularly challenged with eyeworm and caecal worm glycoproteins. For the challenge experiments, separate treatments of eyeworm and caecal worm glycoproteins were administered to bobwhite on day 1 and day 21. Measurements of primary and secondary immune responses were taken at day 7 and day 28, respectively. Using the successfully optimized qPCR primers for TLR7, IL1β, IL6, IFNα, IFNγ, IL10, and β-actin, the gene expression analysis from the challenge experiments revealed that there was a measurable immune reaction in bobwhite in response to the intramuscular challenge of eyeworm and caecal worm glycoproteins.
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