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Li H, Zhang J, Tan M, Yin Y, Song Y, Zhao Y, Yan L, Li N, Zhang X, Bai J, Jiang T, Li H. Exosomes based strategies for cardiovascular diseases: Opportunities and challenges. Biomaterials 2024; 308:122544. [PMID: 38579591 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes, as nanoscale extracellular vesicles (EVs), are secreted by all types of cells to facilitate intercellular communication in living organisms. After being taken up by neighboring or distant cells, exosomes can alter the expression levels of target genes in recipient cells and thereby affect their pathophysiological outcomes depending on payloads encapsulated therein. The functions and mechanisms of exosomes in cardiovascular diseases have attracted much attention in recent years and are thought to have cardioprotective and regenerative potential. This review summarizes the biogenesis and molecular contents of exosomes and details the roles played by exosomes released from various cells in the progression and recovery of cardiovascular disease. The review also discusses the current status of traditional exosomes in cardiovascular tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, pointing out several limitations in their application. It emphasizes that some of the existing emerging industrial or bioengineering technologies are promising to compensate for these shortcomings, and the combined application of exosomes and biomaterials provides an opportunity for mutual enhancement of their performance. The integration of exosome-based cell-free diagnostic and therapeutic options will contribute to the further development of cardiovascular regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China
| | - Mingyue Tan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China; Department of Geriatrics, Cardiovascular Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Yunfei Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China
| | - Yiyi Song
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, PR China
| | - Yongjian Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China
| | - Lin Yan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, PR China
| | - Xianzuo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, PR China
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, PR China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| | - Tingbo Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China.
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China.
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Ding JP, Sun Y, Chen B, Qian WJ, Bao SW, Zhao HY. Sequential transplantation of exosomes and BMSCs pretreated with hypoxia efficiently facilitates perforator skin flap survival area in rats. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024; 62:361-366. [PMID: 38521740 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) are promising candidates for the treatment of trans-territory perforator flap necrosis. However, the low retention and survival rate of engrafted BMSCs limit their therapeutic efficacy. Strategies either modifying BMSCs or alleviating the inflammatory environment may solve this problem. Thus, we aimed to explore the therapeutic efficacy of sequential transplantation of exosomes and hypoxia pretreated BMSCs on flap necrosis. After the perforator flap model was created, the exosomes derived from BMSCs were injected immediately into choke zone II followed by transplantation of hypoxia pretreated BMSCs on Day 2. Gross view was performed to assess the flap survival, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to evaluate the inflammatory factor level, microvessel number was assessed and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed to assess angiogenesis. We found that exosome delivery significantly reduced inflammatory cytokines levels on Day 1 and Day 3 and promoted the engrafted BMSCs' survival on Day 7. After combining with transplantation of hypoxia pretreated BMSCs, the flap survival rate and the angiogenesis-related gene expression were significantly higher than in the other three groups; the von Willebrand factor (vWF) vascular diameter and vWF vascular count were significantly higher than in the phosphate buffered saline (PBS) group. Thus, we concluded that sequential transplantation of exosomes and BMSCs combinatorially pretreated with hypoxia further facilitated flap survival. This sequential transplantation approach provides novel insights into the clinical treatment of flap necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ping Ding
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Graduate School, No. 1 Da-Hua Road, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Graduate School, No. 1 Da-Hua Road, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 33 Ba-Da-Chu Road, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Wen-Jiang Qian
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Graduate School, No. 1 Da-Hua Road, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Shi-Wei Bao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Graduate School, No. 1 Da-Hua Road, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hong-Yi Zhao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Graduate School, No. 1 Da-Hua Road, Beijing 100730, China.
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Ding S, Kim YJ, Huang KY, Um D, Jung Y, Kong H. Delivery-mediated exosomal therapeutics in ischemia-reperfusion injury: advances, mechanisms, and future directions. NANO CONVERGENCE 2024; 11:18. [PMID: 38689075 PMCID: PMC11061094 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-024-00423-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) poses significant challenges across various organ systems, including the heart, brain, and kidneys. Exosomes have shown great potentials and applications in mitigating IRI-induced cell and tissue damage through modulating inflammatory responses, enhancing angiogenesis, and promoting tissue repair. Despite these advances, a more systematic understanding of exosomes from different sources and their biotransport is critical for optimizing therapeutic efficacy and accelerating the clinical adoption of exosomes for IRI therapies. Therefore, this review article overviews the administration routes of exosomes from different sources, such as mesenchymal stem cells and other somatic cells, in the context of IRI treatment. Furthermore, this article covers how the delivered exosomes modulate molecular pathways of recipient cells, aiding in the prevention of cell death and the promotions of regeneration in IRI models. In the end, this article discusses the ongoing research efforts and propose future research directions of exosome-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhe Ding
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kai-Yu Huang
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Daniel Um
- Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Youngmee Jung
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, YU-KIST Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoon Kong
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub-Chicago, Chicago, USA.
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Shi L, Zhou Y, Yin Y, Zhang J, Chen K, Liu S, Chen P, Jiang H, Liu J, Wu Y. Advancing Tissue Damage Repair in Geriatric Diseases: Prospects of Combining Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes with Hydrogels. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:3773-3804. [PMID: 38708181 PMCID: PMC11068057 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s456268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Geriatric diseases are a group of diseases with unique characteristics related to senility. With the rising trend of global aging, senile diseases now mainly include endocrine, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, skeletal, and muscular diseases and cancer. Compared with younger populations, the structure and function of various cells, tissues and organs in the body of the elderly undergo a decline as they age, rendering them more susceptible to external factors and diseases, leading to serious tissue damage. Tissue damage presents a significant obstacle to the overall health and well-being of older adults, exerting a profound impact on their quality of life. Moreover, this phenomenon places an immense burden on families, society, and the healthcare system.In recent years, stem cell-derived exosomes have become a hot topic in tissue repair research. The combination of these exosomes with biomaterials allows for the preservation of their biological activity, leading to a significant improvement in their therapeutic efficacy. Among the numerous biomaterial options available, hydrogels stand out as promising candidates for loading exosomes, owing to their exceptional properties. Due to the lack of a comprehensive review on the subject matter, this review comprehensively summarizes the application and progress of combining stem cell-derived exosomes and hydrogels in promoting tissue damage repair in geriatric diseases. In addition, the challenges encountered in the field and potential prospects are presented for future advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Shi
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunjun Zhou
- The Affiliated Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongkui Yin
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Medical & Health Group Quzhou Hospital, Quzhou, 324004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaiyuan Chen
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sen Liu
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peijian Chen
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Jiang
- The Affiliated Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jieting Liu
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Wu
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, People’s Republic of China
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Peng C, Yan J, Jiang Y, Wu L, Li M, Fan X. Exploring Cutting-Edge Approaches to Potentiate Mesenchymal Stem Cell and Exosome Therapy for Myocardial Infarction. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024; 17:356-375. [PMID: 37819538 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10438-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to be a significant global health concern. Many studies have reported promising outcomes from using MSCs and their secreted exosomes in managing various cardiovascular-related diseases like myocardial infarction (MI). MSCs and exosomes have demonstrated considerable potential in promoting regeneration and neovascularization, as well as exerting beneficial effects against apoptosis, remodeling, and inflammation in cases of myocardial infarction. Nonetheless, ensuring the durability and effectiveness of MSCs and exosomes following in vivo transplantation remains a significant concern. Recently, novel methods have emerged to improve their effectiveness and robustness, such as employing preconditioning statuses, modifying MSC and their exosomes, targeted drug delivery with exosomes, biomaterials, and combination therapy. Herein, we summarize the novel approaches that intensify the therapeutic application of MSC and their derived exosomes in treating MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chendong Peng
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu'ang Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Miaoling Li
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xinrong Fan
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
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Barrère-Lemaire S, Vincent A, Jorgensen C, Piot C, Nargeot J, Djouad F. Mesenchymal stromal cells for improvement of cardiac function following acute myocardial infarction: a matter of timing. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:659-725. [PMID: 37589393 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00009.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the leading cause of cardiovascular death and remains the most common cause of heart failure. Reopening of the occluded artery, i.e., reperfusion, is the only way to save the myocardium. However, the expected benefits of reducing infarct size are disappointing due to the reperfusion paradox, which also induces specific cell death. These ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) lesions can account for up to 50% of final infarct size, a major determinant for both mortality and the risk of heart failure (morbidity). In this review, we provide a detailed description of the cell death and inflammation mechanisms as features of I/R injury and cardioprotective strategies such as ischemic postconditioning as well as their underlying mechanisms. Due to their biological properties, the use of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) has been considered a potential therapeutic approach in AMI. Despite promising results and evidence of safety in preclinical studies using MSCs, the effects reported in clinical trials are not conclusive and even inconsistent. These discrepancies were attributed to many parameters such as donor age, in vitro culture, and storage time as well as injection time window after AMI, which alter MSC therapeutic properties. In the context of AMI, future directions will be to generate MSCs with enhanced properties to limit cell death in myocardial tissue and thereby reduce infarct size and improve the healing phase to increase postinfarct myocardial performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Barrère-Lemaire
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Montpellier, France
- LabEx Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Université de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Anne Vincent
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Montpellier, France
- LabEx Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Université de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Christian Jorgensen
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies, Université de Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Montpellier, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Piot
- Département de Cardiologie Interventionnelle, Clinique du Millénaire, Montpellier, France
| | - Joël Nargeot
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Montpellier, France
- LabEx Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Université de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Farida Djouad
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies, Université de Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Montpellier, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Hassanzadeh A, Shomali N, Kamrani A, Nasiri H, Ahmadian Heris J, Pashaiasl M, Sadeghi M, Sadeghvand S, Valedkarimi Z, Akbari M. Detailed role of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosome therapy in cardiac diseases. EXCLI JOURNAL 2024; 23:401-420. [PMID: 38741729 PMCID: PMC11089093 DOI: 10.17179/excli2023-6538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) continues to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. There are numerous therapeutic reperfusion methods, including thrombolytic therapy, primary percutaneous coronary intervention, and anti-remodeling drugs like angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and beta-blockers. Despite this, there is no pharmacological treatment that can effectively stop cardiomyocyte death brought on by myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. For the purpose of regenerating cardiac tissue, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has recently gained more attention. The pleiotropic effects of MSCs are instead arbitrated by the secretion of soluble paracrine factors and are unrelated to their capacity for differentiation. One of these paracrine mediators is the extracellular vesicle known as an exosome. Exosomes deliver useful cargo to recipient cells from MSCs, including peptides, proteins, cytokines, lipids, miRNA, and mRNA molecules. Exosomes take part in intercellular communication processes and help tissues and organs that have been injured or are ill heal. Exosomes alone were found to be the cause of MSCs' therapeutic effects in a variety of animal models, according to studies. Here, we have focused on the recent development in the therapeutic capabilities of exosomal MSCs in cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hassanzadeh
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Shomali
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Kamrani
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Nasiri
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Ahmadian Heris
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Pediatric Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Pashaiasl
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 51376563833, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Sadeghi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahram Sadeghvand
- Pediatrics Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Valedkarimi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Akbari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Caporali A, Anwar M, Devaux Y, Katare R, Martelli F, Srivastava PK, Pedrazzini T, Emanueli C. Non-coding RNAs as therapeutic targets and biomarkers in ischaemic heart disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024:10.1038/s41569-024-01001-5. [PMID: 38499868 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-024-01001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The adult heart is a complex, multicellular organ that is subjected to a series of regulatory stimuli and circuits and has poor reparative potential. Despite progress in our understanding of disease mechanisms and in the quality of health care, ischaemic heart disease remains the leading cause of death globally, owing to adverse cardiac remodelling, leading to ischaemic cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Therapeutic targets are urgently required for the protection and repair of the ischaemic heart. Moreover, personalized clinical biomarkers are necessary for clinical diagnosis, medical management and to inform the individual response to treatment. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) deeply influence cardiovascular functions and contribute to communication between cells in the cardiac microenvironment and between the heart and other organs. As such, ncRNAs are candidates for translation into clinical practice. However, ncRNA biology has not yet been completely deciphered, given that classes and modes of action have emerged only in the past 5 years. In this Review, we discuss the latest discoveries from basic research on ncRNAs and highlight both the clinical value and the challenges underscoring the translation of these molecules as biomarkers and therapeutic regulators of the processes contributing to the initiation, progression and potentially the prevention or resolution of ischaemic heart disease and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Caporali
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maryam Anwar
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yvan Devaux
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxemburg
| | - Rajesh Katare
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Fabio Martelli
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Thierry Pedrazzini
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School, Lausanne, Switzerland
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Gill JK, Rehsia SK, Verma E, Sareen N, Dhingra S. Stem cell therapy for cardiac regeneration: past, present, and future. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2024; 102:161-179. [PMID: 38226807 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2023-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac disorders remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Current clinical strategies, including drug therapy, surgical interventions, and organ transplantation offer limited benefits to patients without regenerating the damaged myocardium. Over the past decade, stem cell therapy has generated a keen interest owing to its unique self-renewal and immune privileged characteristics. Furthermore, the ability of stem cells to differentiate into specialized cell types, has made them a popular therapeutic tool against various diseases. This comprehensive review provides an overview of therapeutic potential of different types of stem cells in reference to cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, it sheds light on the advantages and limitations associated with each cell type. An in-depth analysis of the challenges associated with stem cell research and the hurdles for its clinical translation and their possible solutions have also been elaborated upon. It examines the controversies surrounding embryonic stem cells and the emergence of alternative approaches, such as the use of induced pluripotent stem cells for cardiac therapeutic applications. Overall, this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers involved in the field of regenerative medicine, guiding the development of safe and effective stem cell-based therapies to revolutionize patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep Kaur Gill
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, R2H2A6, Canada
| | - Sargun Kaur Rehsia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, R2H2A6, Canada
| | - Elika Verma
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, R2H2A6, Canada
| | - Niketa Sareen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, R2H2A6, Canada
| | - Sanjiv Dhingra
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, R2H2A6, Canada
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Xiong Z, Hu Y, Jiang M, Liu B, Jin W, Chen H, Yang L, Han X. Hypoxic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell exosomes promote angiogenesis and enhance endometrial injury repair through the miR-424-5p-mediated DLL4/Notch signaling pathway. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16953. [PMID: 38406291 PMCID: PMC10894593 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been reported to promote endometrial regeneration in rat models of mechanically injury-induced uterine adhesions (IUAs), but the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of hypoxic BMSC-derived exosomes on IUAs have not been elucidated. Objective To investigate the potential mechanism by which the BMSCS-derived exosomal miR-424-5p regulates IUA angiogenesis through the DLL4/Notch signaling pathway under hypoxic conditions and promotes endometrial injury repair. Methods The morphology of the exosomes was observed via transmission electron microscopy, and the expression of exosome markers (CD9, CD63, CD81, and HSP70) was detected via flow cytometry and Western blotting. The expression of angiogenesis-related genes (Ang1, Flk1, Vash1, and TSP1) was detected via RT‒qPCR, and the expression of DLL4/Notch signaling pathway-related proteins (DLL4, Notch1, and Notch2) was detected via Western blotting. Cell proliferation was detected by a CCK-8 assay, and angiogenesis was assessed via an angiogenesis assay. The expression of CD3 was detected by immunofluorescence. The endometrial lesions of IUA rats were observed via HE staining, and the expression of CD3 and VEGFA was detected via immunohistochemistry. Results Compared with those in exosomes from normoxic conditions, miR-424-5p was more highly expressed in the exosomes from hypoxic BMSCs. Compared with those in normoxic BMSC-derived exosomes, the proliferation and angiogenesis of HUVECs were significantly enhanced after treatment with hypoxic BMSC-derived exosomes, and these effects were weakened after inhibition of miR-424-5p. miR-424-5p can target and negatively regulate the expression of DLL4, promote the expression of the proangiogenic genes Ang1 and Flk1, and inhibit the expression of the antiangiogenic genes Vash1 and TSP1. The effect of miR-424-5p can be reversed by overexpression of DLL4. In IUA rats, treatment with hypoxic BMSC exosomes and the miR-424-5p mimic promoted angiogenesis and improved endometrial damage. Conclusion The hypoxic BMSC-derived exosomal miR-424-5p promoted angiogenesis and improved endometrial injury repair by regulating the DLL4/Notch signaling pathway, which provides a new idea for the treatment of IUAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghua Xiong
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Department of Gynecology, Yan’an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University/Yan’an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Gynecology, Women and Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenjiao Jin
- Department of Gynecology, Yan’an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University/Yan’an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Huiqin Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Chuxiong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chuxiong, Yunnan, China
| | - Linjuan Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Baoshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baoshan, Yunnan, China
| | - Xuesong Han
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Department of Gynecology, Yan’an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University/Yan’an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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11
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Caño-Carrillo S, Castillo-Casas JM, Franco D, Lozano-Velasco E. Unraveling the Signaling Dynamics of Small Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiac Diseases. Cells 2024; 13:265. [PMID: 38334657 PMCID: PMC10854837 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Effective intercellular communication is essential for cellular and tissue balance maintenance and response to challenges. Cellular communication methods involve direct cell contact or the release of biological molecules to cover short and long distances. However, a recent discovery in this communication network is the involvement of extracellular vesicles that host biological contents such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, influencing neighboring cells. These extracellular vesicles are found in body fluids; thus, they are considered as potential disease biomarkers. Cardiovascular diseases are significant contributors to global morbidity and mortality, encompassing conditions such as ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathies, electrical heart diseases, and heart failure. Recent studies reveal the release of extracellular vesicles by cardiovascular cells, influencing normal cardiac function and structure. However, under pathological conditions, extracellular vesicles composition changes, contributing to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Investigating the loading of molecular cargo in these extracellular vesicles is essential for understanding their role in disease development. This review consolidates the latest insights into the role of extracellular vesicles in diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases, exploring the potential applications of extracellular vesicles in personalized therapies, shedding light on the evolving landscape of cardiovascular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Estefanía Lozano-Velasco
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (D.F.)
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12
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Liu N, Zhen Z, Xiong X, Xue Y. Aerobic exercise protects MI heart through miR-133a-3p downregulation of connective tissue growth factor. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296430. [PMID: 38271362 PMCID: PMC10810442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of aerobic exercise intervention to inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis and thus improve cardiac function in myocardial infarction (MI) mice by regulating CTGF expression through miR-133a-3p. METHODS Male C57/BL6 mice, 7-8 weeks old, were randomly divided into sham-operated group (S group), sham-operated +aerobic exercise group (SE group), myocardial infarction group (MI group) and MI + aerobic exercise group (ME group). The mice were anesthetized the day after training and cardiac function was assessed by cardiac echocardiography. Myocardial collagen volume fraction (CVF%) was analyzed by Masson staining. Myocardial CTGF, Bax and Bcl-2 were detected by Western blotting, and myocardial miR-133a-3p was measured by RT-qPCR. RESULTS Compared with the S group, miR-133a-3p, Bcl-2 and EF were significantly decreased and CTGF, Bax, Bax/ Bcl-2, Caspase 3, Cleaved Caspase-3, LVIDd, LVIDs and CVF were significantly increased in the MI group. Compared with the MI group, miR-133a-3p, Bcl-2 and EF were significantly increased, cardiac function was significantly improved, and CTGF, Bax, Bax/ Bcl-2, Caspase 3, Cleaved Caspase-3, LVIDd, LVIDs and CVF were significantly decreased in ME group. The miR-133a-3p was significantly lower and CTGF was significantly higher in the H2O2 intervention group compared with the control group of H9C2 rat cardiomyocytes. miR-133a-3p was significantly higher and CTGF was significantly lower in the AICAR intervention group compared to the H2O2 intervention group. Compared with the control group of H9C2 rat cardiomyocytes, CTGF, Bax and Bax/Bcl-2 were significantly increased and Bcl-2 was significantly decreased in the miR-133a-3p inhibitor intervention group; CTGF, Bax and Bax/Bcl-2 were significantly decreased and Bcl-2 was significantly upregulated in the miR-133a-3p mimics intervention group. CONCLUSION Aerobic exercise down-regulated CTGF expression in MI mouse myocardium through miR-133a-3p, thereby inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis and improving cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niu Liu
- College of P.E, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Education, Weinan Normal University, Weinan, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiping Zhen
- College of P.E, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Xiong
- College of P.E, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqi Xue
- College of P.E, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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13
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Zhang X, Yin T, Wang Y, Du J, Dou J, Zhang X. Effects of scutellarin on the mechanism of cardiovascular diseases: a review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1329969. [PMID: 38259289 PMCID: PMC10800556 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1329969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases represent a significant worldwide problem, jeopardizing individuals' physical and mental wellbeing as well as their quality of life as a result of their widespread incidence and fatality. With the aging society, the occurrence of Cardiovascular diseases is progressively rising each year. However, although drugs developed for treating Cardiovascular diseases have clear targets and proven efficacy, they still carry certain toxic and side effect risks. Therefore, finding safe, effective, and practical treatment options is crucial. Scutellarin is the primary constituent of Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz. This article aims to establish a theoretical foundation for the creation and use of secure, productive, and logical medications for Scutellarin in curing heart-related illnesses. Additionally, the examination and analysis of the signal pathway and its associated mechanisms with regard to the employment of SCU in treating heart diseases will impart innovative resolving concepts for the treatment and prevention of Cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Tong Yin
- First Clinical Medical School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yincang Wang
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jiazhe Du
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jinjin Dou
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiwu Zhang
- Experimental Training Centre, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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14
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Zhang J, Su R, Wang Y, Wang H, Li S, Yang X, Liu G. Protective effect of small extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from ACE2-modified human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Nephrology (Carlton) 2024; 29:5-17. [PMID: 37667547 DOI: 10.1111/nep.14237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Acute kidney injury is a severe disease that is closely associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The most common cause of AKI is renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have previously been shown to have renoprotective effects. However, extracellular vesicles secreted by MSCs are thought to be the key for the therapeutic effects of MSCs. This study investigated whether small EVs derived from ACE2-modified human umbilical cord MSCs could alleviate RIRI and explored their underlying molecular mechanisms METHODS: A lentivirus carrying an ACE2 overexpression vector was constructed and used to infect MSCs. The small EVs were isolated from MSC-conditioned medium by ultracentrifugation. HK-2 cells were cocultured with MSC-ACE2-EVs and subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. MSCs-ACE2-EVs were injected into RIRI mice. Biochemical and morphological characteristics were assessed, and the levels of inflammatory-related factors, oxidative stress products, and apoptosis in HK-2 cells and kidney tissues were assessed RESULTS: In vitro, MSC-ACE2-EVs had stronger anti-inflammatory, antioxidative stress, and antiapoptotic effects in HK-2 cells subjected to H/R than MSC-NC-EVs. In vivo, MSC-ACE2-EVs could target the injured kidney, reduce blood creatinine and urea nitrogen levels, and protect the kidney from I/R, and this effect may have been related to the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signalling pathway CONCLUSION: Taken together, our results demonstrated the anti-inflammatory, antioxidative stress, and antiapoptotic effects of MSC-ACE2-EVs, which protected against I/R injury in vitro and vivo. MSC-ACE2-EVs may be therapeutic agents for RIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Zhang
- Nephrology Research Institute of Shandong University, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rongyun Su
- Nephrology Research Institute of Shandong University, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- Nephrology Research Institute of Shandong University, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Honggang Wang
- Nephrology Research Institute of Shandong University, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shan Li
- Nephrology Research Institute of Shandong University, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Nephrology Research Institute of Shandong University, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Nephrology Research Institute of Shandong University, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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15
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Afsar S, Syed RU, Bin Break MK, Alsukaybi RH, Alanzi RA, Alshobrmi AM, Alshagdali NM, Alshammari AD, Alharbi FM, Alshammari AM, Algharbi WF, Albrykan KM, Alshammari FN. The dual role of MiR-210 in the aetiology of cancer: A focus on hypoxia-inducible factor signalling. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:155018. [PMID: 38070222 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Tumorigenesis exemplifies the complex process of neoplasm origination, which is characterised by somatic genetic alterations and abnormal cellular growth. This multidimensional phenomenon transforms previously dormant cells into malignant equivalents, resulting in uncontrollable proliferation and clonal expansion. Various elements, including random mutations, harmful environmental substances, and genetic predispositions, influence tumorigenesis's aetiology. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are now recognised as crucial determinants of gene expression and key players in several biological methods, including oncogenesis. A well-known hypoxia-inducible miRNA is MiR-210, which is of particular interest because of its complicated role in the aetiology of cancer and a variation of physiological and pathological situations. MiR-210 significantly impacts cancer by controlling the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signalling pathway. By supporting angiogenesis, metabolic reprogramming, and cellular survival in hypoxic microenvironments, HIF signalling orchestrates adaptive responses, accelerating the unstoppable development of tumorous growth. Targeting several components of this cascade, including HIF-1, HIF-3, and FIH-1, MiR-210 plays a vital role in modifying HIF signalling and carefully controlling the HIF-mediated response and cellular fates in hypoxic environments. To understand the complexities of this relationship, careful investigation is required at the intersection of MiR-210 and HIF signalling. Understanding this relationship is crucial for uncovering the mechanisms underlying cancer aetiology and developing cutting-edge therapeutic approaches. The current review emphasises MiR-210's significance as a vital regulator of the HIF signalling cascade, with substantial implications spanning a range of tumor pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Afsar
- Department of Virology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh 517502, India
| | - Rahamat Unissa Syed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed Khaled Bin Break
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia; Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Hail, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Reem A Alanzi
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Wang J, Gan L, Li F, Li Q, Wu T, Wu Z, Chen P, Scicluna BP, Feng X, Gu J, Han W, Li N, Lei L. Tracheal epithelial cell-exosome-derived MiR-21-5p inhibits alveolar macrophage pyroptosis to resist pulmonary bacterial infection through PIK3CD-autophagy pathway. Life Sci 2024; 336:122340. [PMID: 38092143 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Structural cells play an important role in regulating immune cells during infection. Our aim was to determine whether structural porcine tracheal epithelial cells (PTECs) can regulate alveolar macrophages (AMs) to prevent bacterial pneumonia, explore the underlying mechanism(s) and therapeutic target. MATERIALS AND METHODS Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) was used as the model strain for infection studies. Small RNA sequencing was used to identify differentially abundant exosome-derived miRNAs. The role of PTECs exosome-derived miR-21-5p in regulating AMs autophagy, pyroptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined using RT-qPCR, western-blotting, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry. Luciferase reporter assays were conducted to identify potential binding targets of miR-21-5p. The universality of miR-21-5p action on resistance to bacterial pulmonary infection was demonstrated using Klebsiella pneumoniae or Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in vivo infection models. KEY FINDINGS MiR-21-5p was enriched in PETCs-derived exosomes, which protected AMs against pulmonary bacterial infection. Mechanistically, miR-21-5p targeted PIK3CD, to promote autophagy of AMs, which reduced the pyroptosis induced by APP infection via inhibiting the over-production of ROS, which in turn suppressed the over-expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increased bacterial clearance. Importantly, the protective effect and mechanism of miR-21-5p were universal as they also occurred upon challenge with Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. SIGNIFICANCE Our data reveals miR-21-5p can promote pulmonary resistance to bacterial infection by inhibiting pyroptosis of alveolar macrophages through the PIK3CD-autophagy-ROS pathway, suggesting PIK3CD may be a potential therapeutic target for bacterial pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Gan
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fengyang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zengshuai Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Peiru Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Brendon P Scicluna
- Department of Applied Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mater Dei Hospital, University of Malta, Msida, Malta; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Xin Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingmin Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenyu Han
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Liancheng Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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17
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Li M, Cong R, Wang H, Ma C, Lv Y, Zheng Y, Zhao Y, Fu Q, Li L. What happens to the osteoporotic bone mesenchymal stem cells? Evidence from RNA sequencing. Int J Med Sci 2024; 21:95-106. [PMID: 38164361 PMCID: PMC10750345 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.88146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence presented that osteoporosis is closely related to the dysfunction of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). But most studies are insufficient to reveal what actually happens to the osteoporotic BMSCs. In this study, BMSCs were harvested from ovariectomized and sham-operated rats. After checking the characteristics of rat models and stem cells, the BMSCs were carried out for RNA sequencing. Part of the findings were verified that seven mRNAs (Abi3bp, Aifm3, Ccl11, Cdkn1c, Chst10, Id2, Vcam1) were significantly up-regulated in osteoporotic BMSCs while seven mRNAs (Cep63, Fgfr3, Myc, Omd, Pou2f1, Smarcal1, Timm10b) were down-regulated. In addition, potential miRNA-mRNA and lncRNA-mRNA regulatory networks were illustrated. The changes in osteoporotic BMSCs covered a large set of biological processes, including cell viability, differentiation, immunoreaction, bone repairment and estrogen defect. This study enriched the pathophysiological mechanisms of BMSCs and osteporosis, as well as provided dozens of attractive RNA targets for further treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Li
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Cong
- Senior Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, the Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huadong Wang
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongwei Lv
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yantao Zhao
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Li
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Orthopedics Implants, Beijing, China
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18
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Tung LW, Groppa E, Soliman H, Lin B, Chang C, Cheung CW, Ritso M, Guo D, Rempel L, Sinha S, Eisner C, Brassard J, McNagny K, Biernaskie J, Rossi F. Spatiotemporal signaling underlies progressive vascular rarefaction in myocardial infarction. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8498. [PMID: 38129410 PMCID: PMC10739910 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44227-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic angiogenesis represents a promising avenue to revascularize the ischemic heart. Its limited success is partly due to our poor understanding of the cardiac stroma, specifically mural cells, and their response to ischemic injury. Here, we combine single-cell and positional transcriptomics to assess the behavior of mural cells within the healing heart. In response to myocardial infarction, mural cells adopt an altered state closely associated with the infarct and retain a distinct lineage from fibroblasts. This response is concurrent with vascular rarefaction and reduced vascular coverage by mural cells. Positional transcriptomics reveals that the infarcted heart is governed by regional-dependent and temporally regulated programs. While the remote zone acts as an important source of pro-angiogenic signals, the infarct zone is accentuated by chronic activation of anti-angiogenic, pro-fibrotic, and inflammatory cues. Together, our work unveils the spatiotemporal programs underlying cardiac repair and establishes an association between vascular deterioration and mural cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wei Tung
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Elena Groppa
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Borea Therapeutics, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Via Bonomea, 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy
| | - Hesham Soliman
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Aspect Biosystems, 1781 W 75th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V6P 6P2, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Bruce Lin
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Chihkai Chang
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Chun Wai Cheung
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Morten Ritso
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - David Guo
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Lucas Rempel
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sarthak Sinha
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Christine Eisner
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Julyanne Brassard
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Kelly McNagny
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jeff Biernaskie
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Fabio Rossi
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Amirzadeh Gougheri K, Ahmadi A, Ahmadabadi MG, Babajani A, Yazdanpanah G, Bahrami S, Hassani M, Niknejad H. Exosomal Cargo: Pro-angiogeneic, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative effects in ischemic and non-ischemic heart diseases - A comprehensive review. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115801. [PMID: 37918257 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart diseases are the primary cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide which inflict a heavy social and economic burden. Among heart diseases, most deaths are due to myocardial infarction (MI) or heart attack, which occurs when a decrement in blood flow to the heart causes injury to cardiac tissue. Despite several available diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic approaches, heart disease remains a significant concern. Exosomes are a kind of small extracellular vesicles released by different types of cells that play a part in intercellular communication by transferring bioactive molecules important in regenerative medicine. Many studies have reported the diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic role of exosomes in various heart diseases. Herein, we reviewed the roles of exosomes as new emerging agents in various types of heart diseases, including ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, and valvular disease, focusing on pathogenesis, therapeutic, diagnostic, and prognostic roles in different areas. We have also mentioned different routes of exosome delivery to target tissues, the effects of preconditioning and modification on exosome's capability, exosome production in compliance with good manufacturing practice (GMP), and their ongoing clinical applications in various medical contexts to shed light on possible clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kowsar Amirzadeh Gougheri
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armin Ahmadi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amirhesam Babajani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Yazdanpanah
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor Street, MC 648, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Soheyl Bahrami
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mohammad Hassani
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Niknejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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20
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Collado A, Gan L, Tengbom J, Kontidou E, Pernow J, Zhou Z. Extracellular vesicles and their non-coding RNA cargos: Emerging players in cardiovascular disease. J Physiol 2023; 601:4989-5009. [PMID: 36094621 DOI: 10.1113/jp283200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies, have recently received attention as essential mechanisms for cell-to-cell communication in cardiovascular disease. EVs can be released from different types of cells, including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, cardiac cells, fibroblasts, platelets, adipocytes, immune cells and stem cells. Non-coding (nc)RNAs as EV cargos have recently been investigated in the cardiovascular system. Up- or downregulated ncRNAs in EVs have been shown to play a crucial role in various cardiovascular diseases. Communication via EV-derived ncRNAs can occur between cells of the same type and between different types of cells involved in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. In the present review, we highlight the important aspects of diverse cell-derived EVs and their ncRNA cargos as disease mediators and potential therapeutic targets in atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, ischaemic heart disease and cardiac fibrosis. In addition, we summarize the potential of EV-derived ncRNAs in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Finally, we discuss the different methods for EV isolation and characterization. A better understanding of the specific role of EVs and their ncRNA cargos in the regulation of cardiovascular (dys)function will be of importance for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic tools for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Collado
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lu Gan
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - John Tengbom
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eftychia Kontidou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Pernow
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhichao Zhou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Zhang H, Wan X, Tian J, An Z, Liu L, Zhao X, Zhou Y, Zhang L, Ge C, Song X. The therapeutic efficacy and clinical translation of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in cardiovascular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115551. [PMID: 37783149 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, mainly derived from mesenchymal stem cells, provide a good reference for cardiac function repair and clinical application in cardiac and vascular diseases by regulating cardiomyocyte viability, inflammatory levels, angiogenesis, and ventricular remodeling after a heart injury. This review presents the cardioprotective efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell-originated exosomes and explores the underlying molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, we expound on several efficient approaches to transporting exosomes into the heart in clinical application and comment on the advantages and disadvantages of each method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Xueqi Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Jinfan Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Ziyu An
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Libo Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, PR China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong 271000, PR China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Yuquan Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Changjiang Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Xiantao Song
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, PR China.
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22
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Braga CL, Santos RT, da Silva CM, de Novaes Rocha N, Felix NS, Medeiros M, Melo MM, Silva JD, Teixeira DE, Neves CC, Rocco PRM, Cruz FF, Silva PL. Therapeutic effects of hypoxia-preconditioned bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells and their extracellular vesicles in experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension. Life Sci 2023; 329:121988. [PMID: 37517581 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate BM-MSCs and their extracellular vesicles (EVs) preconditioned with hypoxia or normoxia in experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). MAIN METHODS BM-MSCs were isolated and cultured under normoxia (MSC-N, 21%O2) or hypoxia (MSC-H, 1%O2) for 48 h. EVs were then isolated from MSCs under normoxia (EV-N) or hypoxia (EV-H). PAH was induced in male Wistar rats (n = 35) with monocrotaline (60 mg/kg); control animals (CTRL, n = 7) were treated with saline. On day 14, PAH animals received MSCs or EVs under normoxia or hypoxia, intravenously (n = 7/group). On day 28, right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), pulmonary acceleration time (PAT)/pulmonary ejection time (PET), and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) index were evaluated. Perivascular collagen content, vascular wall thickness, and endothelium-mesenchymal transition were analyzed. KEY FINDINGS PAT/PET was lower in the PAH group (0.26 ± 0.02, P < 0.001) than in CTRLs (0.43 ± 0.02) and only increased in the EV-H group (0.33 ± 0.03, P = 0.014). MSC-N (32 ± 6 mmHg, P = 0.036), MSC-H (31 ± 3 mmHg, P = 0.019), EV-N (27 ± 4 mmHg, P < 0.001), and EV-H (26 ± 5 mmHg, P < 0.001) reduced RVSP compared with the PAH group (39 ± 4 mmHg). RVH was higher in the PAH group than in CTRL and reduced after all therapies. All therapies decreased perivascular collagen fiber content, vascular wall thickness, and the expression of endothelial markers remained unaltered; only MSC-H and EV-H decreased expression of mesenchymal markers in pulmonary arterioles. SIGNIFICANCE MSCs and EVs, under normoxia or hypoxia, reduced right ventricular hypertrophy, perivascular collagen, and vessel wall thickness. Under hypoxia, MSCs and EVs were more effective at improving endothelial to mesenchymal transition in experimental PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássia Lisboa Braga
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata Trabach Santos
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carla Medeiros da Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nazareth de Novaes Rocha
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Nathane Santanna Felix
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mayck Medeiros
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Monique Martins Melo
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Johnatas Dutra Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Douglas Esteves Teixeira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Celso Caruso Neves
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patricia Rieken Macedo Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ferreira Cruz
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro Leme Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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23
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van de Wakker SI, Meijers FM, Sluijter JPG, Vader P. Extracellular Vesicle Heterogeneity and Its Impact for Regenerative Medicine Applications. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:1043-1061. [PMID: 37280097 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.123.000841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane-enclosed particles that are involved in physiologic and pathologic processes. EVs are increasingly being studied for therapeutic applications in the field of regenerative medicine. Therapeutic application of stem cell-derived EVs has shown great potential to stimulate tissue repair. However, the exact mechanisms through which they induce this effect have not been fully clarified. This may to a large extent be attributed to a lack of knowledge on EV heterogeneity. Recent studies suggest that EVs represent a heterogeneous population of vesicles with distinct functions. The heterogeneity of EVs can be attributed to differences in their biogenesis, and as such, they can be classified into distinct populations that can then be further subcategorized into various subpopulations. A better understanding of EV heterogeneity is crucial for elucidating their mechanisms of action in tissue regeneration. This review provides an overview of the latest insights on EV heterogeneity related to tissue repair, including the different characteristics that contribute to such heterogeneity and the functional differences among EV subtypes. It also sheds light on the challenges that hinder clinical translation of EVs. Additionally, innovative EV isolation techniques for studying EV heterogeneity are discussed. Improved knowledge of active EV subtypes would promote the development of tailored EV therapies and aid researchers in the translation of EV-based therapeutics to the clinic. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Within this review we discuss the differences in regenerative properties of extracellular vesicle (EV) subpopulations and implications of EV heterogeneity for development of EV-based therapeutics. We aim to provide new insights into which aspects are leading to heterogeneity in EV preparations and stress the importance of EV heterogeneity studies for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonides Immanuel van de Wakker
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands (S.I.V.D.W., F.M.M., J.P.G.S., P.V.) and CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.V.)
| | - Fleur Michelle Meijers
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands (S.I.V.D.W., F.M.M., J.P.G.S., P.V.) and CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.V.)
| | - Joost Petrus Gerardus Sluijter
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands (S.I.V.D.W., F.M.M., J.P.G.S., P.V.) and CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.V.)
| | - Pieter Vader
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands (S.I.V.D.W., F.M.M., J.P.G.S., P.V.) and CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (P.V.)
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24
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Kumar S, Yadav V, Sharma N, Sethi A. HypoxamiR-210-3p regulates mesenchymal stem cells proliferation via P53 & Akt. Mol Cell Biochem 2023:10.1007/s11010-023-04834-9. [PMID: 37620743 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04834-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Transplanted stem cells (˃95%) into ischemic myocardium die because of unfavourable conditions. Moreover, hypoxia role in the cell cycle regulation has been studied in transformed/immortalized cell lines which may have altered cell cycle regulators and/or mutated and, can't be transplanted in patients. We quest to find out the mechanism of cell cycle regulation in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to regulate its survival and proliferation in repair processes. Additionally, critically analysed role of hypoxamiR-210-3p, and cell cycle regulators that can regulate cell proliferation under hypoxic conditions. Bone marrow-derived MSC (BM-MSC) isolated from young male Fischer-344 rats by flushing the cavity of femur and propagated in vitro under 1% hypoxia for 72 h showed an increased in cell proliferation ([Formula: see text] 30%, p < 0.05) compared to normoxia. miR-210-3p, role in cell proliferation under hypoxic condition was confirmed by knockdown. Loss of function studies with transfection of anti-mir-210-3p, we observed decrease in proliferation of BM-MSC under hypoxia. Furthermore, BM-MSC proliferation due to miR-210-3p was confirmed using CFSE assay and flow cytometry, in which more cells were observed in S-phase. Mechanistically, western blot analysis showed miR-210-3p inhibition upregulates p53 and p21 expression and subsequent decrease in pAkt under hypoxia. On contrary, CFSE and Western blot under normoxic conditions showed downregulation of p53 and p21 whilst upregulation of pAkt indicated the key role of miR-210-3p in BM-MSC proliferation. Our results demonstrate the role of miR-210-3p in BM-MSC proliferation under both hypoxic and normoxic conditions and illustrate the potential mechanism via the regulation of pAkt, p53 and p21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India.
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center of Excellence (CoE) Cardiovascular Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, 151001, India.
| | - Varsha Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India
| | - Namrta Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India
| | - Anshika Sethi
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India
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25
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Rakicevic L. DNA and RNA Molecules as a Foundation of Therapy Strategies for Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2141. [PMID: 37631355 PMCID: PMC10459020 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There has always been a tendency of medicine to take an individualised approach to treating patients, but the most significant advances were achieved through the methods of molecular biology, where the nucleic acids are in the limelight. Decades of research of molecular biology resulted in setting medicine on a completely new platform. The most significant current research is related to the possibilities that DNA and RNA analyses can offer in terms of more precise diagnostics and more subtle stratification of patients in order to identify patients for specific therapy treatments. Additionally, principles of structure and functioning of nucleic acids have become a motive for creating entirely new therapy strategies and an innovative generation of drugs. All this also applies to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) which are the leading cause of mortality in developed countries. This review considers the most up-to-date achievements related to the use of translatory potential of DNA and RNA in treatment of cardiovascular diseases, and considers the challenges and prospects in this field. The foundations which allow the use of translatory potential are also presented. The first part of this review focuses on the potential of the DNA variants which impact conventional therapies and on the DNA variants which are starting points for designing new pharmacotherapeutics. The second part of this review considers the translatory potential of non-coding RNA molecules which can be used to formulate new generations of therapeutics for CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljiljana Rakicevic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
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26
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Liu Y, Wang M, Yu Y, Li C, Zhang C. Advances in the study of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells and cardiac cells for the treatment of myocardial infarction. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:202. [PMID: 37580705 PMCID: PMC10424417 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01227-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction has long been the leading cause of death in coronary heart disease, which is characterized by irreversible cardiomyocyte death and restricted blood supply. Conventional reperfusion therapy can further aggravate myocardial injury. Stem cell therapy, especially with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), has emerged as a promising approach to promote cardiac repair and improve cardiac function. MSCs may induce these effects by secreting exosomes containing therapeutically active RNA, proteins and lipids. Notably, normal cardiac function depends on intracardiac paracrine signaling via exosomes, and exosomes secreted by cardiac cells can partially reflect changes in the heart during disease, so analyzing these vesicles may provide valuable insights into the pathology of myocardial infarction as well as guide the development of new treatments. The present review examines how exosomes produced by MSCs and cardiac cells may influence injury after myocardial infarction and serve as therapies against such injury. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchang Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Minrui Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunhong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acids in Medicine for National High-Level Talents, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
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27
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Wang N, Chen C, Ren J, Dai D. MicroRNA delivery based on nanoparticles of cardiovascular diseases. Mol Cell Biochem 2023:10.1007/s11010-023-04821-0. [PMID: 37542599 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04821-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease, especially myocardial infarction, is a serious threat to human health. Many drugs currently used cannot achieve the desired therapeutic effect due to the lack of selectivity. With the in-depth understanding of the role of microRNA (miRNA) in cardiovascular disease and the wide application of nanotechnology, loading drugs into nanoparticles with the help of nano-delivery system may have a better effect in the treatment of cardiomyopathy. In this review, we highlight the latest research on miRNAs in the treatment of cardiovascular disease in recent years and discuss the possibilities and challenges of using miRNA to treat cardiomyopathy. Secondly, we discuss the delivery of miRNA through different nano-carriers, especially inorganic, polymer and liposome nano-carriers. The preparation of miRNA nano-drugs by encapsulating miRNA in these nano-materials will provide a new treatment option. In addition, the research status of miRNA in the treatment of cardiomyopathy based on nano-carriers is summarized. The use of this delivery tool cannot only realize therapeutic potential, but also greatly improve drug targeting and reduce side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, 59 Liuting Street, Haishu District, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunyan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, 59 Liuting Street, Haishu District, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianmin Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, 59 Liuting Street, Haishu District, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dandan Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, 59 Liuting Street, Haishu District, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China.
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28
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Wang X, Li W, Hao M, Yang Y, Xu Y. Hypoxia-treated umbilical mesenchymal stem cell alleviates spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in SCI by circular RNA circOXNAD1/ miR-29a-3p/ FOXO3a axis. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 34:101458. [PMID: 36969321 PMCID: PMC10033311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord ischemia reperfusion (SCIR) injury leads to spinal cord function injury, neural dysfunction and sometimes paralysis or even paraplegia, which severely impair the physical and mental health of individuals. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a group of stem cells that have been widely studied for treatment of various diseases. This work aimed to study the therapeutic potential of hypoxia-induced exosomal circular RNA OXNAD1 from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HucMSCs) against SCIR. We established an in vivo rat spinal cord injury (SCI) model and conducted treatment with exosomes that isolated from hypoxia-HucMSCs. Hypoxia-HucMSCs-derived exosomal circOXNAD1 alleviated the spinal cord tissue injury in SCI, improved limb motor function, decreased production of inflammatory factors including the IL-1 β, IL-6, and TNF-α. The in vitro hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R) model demonstrated that Hypoxia-HucMSCs-derived exosomal circOXNAD1 improved neuron proliferation and alleviated apoptosis. Mechanistically, circOXNAD1 directly interact with miR-29a-3p and miR-29a-3p targets the 3'UTR of FOXO3a in neurons. Inhibition of miR-29a-3p and overexpression of FOXO3a reversed the effects of circOXNAD1 depletion in PC12 cell phenotypes. In conclusion, Hypoxia elevated the level circOXNAD1 in exosomes that derived from HuMSCs. The exosomal circOXNAD1 alleviated SCI through sponging miR-29a-3p and consequently elevated the FOXO3a expression. Our findings provided novel evidence for MSC-derived exosomal circOXNAD1in the treatment of SCI.
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29
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Li C, Wang C, Xie HY, Huang L. Cell-Based Biomaterials for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Prevention and Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300404. [PMID: 36977465 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to threaten human health, economic development, and national security. Although many vaccines and drugs have been explored to fight against the major pandemic, their efficacy and safety still need to be improved. Cell-based biomaterials, especially living cells, extracellular vesicles, and cell membranes, offer great potential in preventing and treating COVID-19 owing to their versatility and unique biological functions. In this review, the characteristics and functions of cell-based biomaterials and their biological applications in COVID-19 prevention and therapy are described. First the pathological features of COVID-19 are summarized, providing enlightenment on how to fight against COVID-19. Next, the classification, organization structure, characteristics, and functions of cell-based biomaterials are focused on. Finally, the progress of cell-based biomaterials in overcoming COVID-19 in different aspects, including the prevention of viral infection, inhibition of viral proliferation, anti-inflammation, tissue repair, and alleviation of lymphopenia are comprehensively described. At the end of this review, a look forward to the challenges of this aspect is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyu Li
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Chenguang Wang
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Xie
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Lili Huang
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
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Wei Z, Hang S, Wiredu Ocansey DK, Zhang Z, Wang B, Zhang X, Mao F. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells derived exosome shuttling mir-129-5p attenuates inflammatory bowel disease by inhibiting ferroptosis. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:188. [PMID: 37303049 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01951-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ferroptosis, a unique form of non-apoptotic cell death, is dependent on iron and lipoperoxidation, and has been shown to be associated with the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (hucMSC-Ex) are involved in cell survival, immune conditioning, and damage repair. However, the relationship between hucMSC-Ex, IBD, and ferroptosis is unknown. This paper explores the role of hucMSC-Ex in the repair of IBD through the regulation of the ferroptosis signaling pathway. RESULTS In this study, we used small RNA sequencing to find that miR-129-5p was highly expressed in hucMSC-Ex, and by predicting its targeting to ACSL4, we verified the effect of miR-129-5p on mice IBD in vitro and human colonic epithelial cells (HCoEpiC) in vivo. We found that miR-129-5p reduces ferroptosis in intestinal epithelial cells by targeting ACSL4 to repair IBD, which provides new strategies for the prevention and treatment of IBD. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our results demonstrate that hucMSC-Ex relieves IBD by targeting ACSL4 with miR-129-5p to inhibit lipid peroxidation (LPO) and ferroptosis, reducing intestinal inflammation and repairing damages. Mechanism of hucMSC-Ex inhibiting ferroptosis in intestinal epithelial cells. System Xc- mediates the transport of extracellular cystine into the cell, which gets reduced to cysteine to participate in GSH-mediated metabolism. GPX4 strongly inhibits ferroptosis by helping scavenge reactive oxygen species. The depletion of GSH correlates with decreased GPX4, and the imbalance of the antioxidant system leads to the formation of toxic phospholipid hydroperoxide, which promotes the occurrence of ferroptosis with the participation of irons. HucMSC-Ex has the ability to relieve GSH and GPX4 depletion and repair the intracellular antioxidant system. Ferric ions enter the cytosol through DMT1 and participate in lipid peroxidation. HucMSC-Ex can reduce the expression of DMT1 and alleviate this process. HucMSC-Ex-derived miR-129-5p targets ACSL4 and reduces the expression of ACSL4, an enzyme that mediates the conversion of PUFAs into phospholipids in intestinal epithelial cells, and is a positive regulator of lipid peroxidation. ABBREVIATIONS GSH, glutathione; GPX4, glutathione peroxidase 4; GSSG, oxidized glutathione; DMT1, divalent metal transporter 1; ACSL4, acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4; PUFAs, polyunsaturated fatty acids; ALOXs, lipoxygenases; CoA, coenzyme A; PL, phospholipid; PLOOH, hydroperoxides, LOH, phospholipid alcohols; LPO, lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Wei
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, P.R. China
| | - Sanhua Hang
- The People's Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212300, P.R. China
| | - Dickson Kofi Wiredu Ocansey
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Zhang
- Clinical Lab, Taicang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215400, P.R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, P.R. China
| | - Fei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, P.R. China.
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Kahrizi MS, Mousavi E, Khosravi A, Rahnama S, Salehi A, Nasrabadi N, Ebrahimzadeh F, Jamali S. Recent advances in pre-conditioned mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSCs) therapy in organ failure; a comprehensive review of preclinical studies. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:155. [PMID: 37287066 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03374-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs)-based therapy brings the reassuring capability to regenerative medicine through their self-renewal and multilineage potency. Also, they secret a diversity of mediators, which are complicated in moderation of deregulated immune responses, and yielding angiogenesis in vivo. Nonetheless, MSCs may lose biological performance after procurement and prolonged expansion in vitro. Also, following transplantation and migration to target tissue, they encounter a harsh milieu accompanied by death signals because of the lack of proper tensegrity structure between the cells and matrix. Accordingly, pre-conditioning of MSCs is strongly suggested to upgrade their performances in vivo, leading to more favored transplantation efficacy in regenerative medicine. Indeed, MSCs ex vivo pre-conditioning by hypoxia, inflammatory stimulus, or other factors/conditions may stimulate their survival, proliferation, migration, exosome secretion, and pro-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory characteristics in vivo. In this review, we deliver an overview of the pre-conditioning methods that are considered a strategy for improving the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs in organ failures, in particular, renal, heart, lung, and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elnaz Mousavi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Armin Khosravi
- Department of Periodontics, Dental School, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sara Rahnama
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Salehi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Navid Nasrabadi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Samira Jamali
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Wu H, Qian X, Liang G. The Role of Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stromal Cells on Myocardial Protection: a Review of Current Advances and Future Perspectives. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023:10.1007/s10557-023-07472-x. [PMID: 37227567 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-023-07472-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (SEVs) secreted by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are considered one of the most promising biological therapies in recent years. The protective effect of MSCs-derived SEVs on myocardium is mainly related to their ability to deliver cargo, anti-inflammatory properties, promotion of angiogenesis, immunoregulation, and other factors. Herein, this review focuses on the biological properties, isolation methods, and functions of SEVs. Then, the roles and potential mechanisms of SEVs and engineered SEVs in myocardial protection are summarized. Finally, the current situation of clinical research on SEVs, the difficulties encountered, and the future fore-ground of SEVs are discussed. In conclusion, although there are some technical difficulties and conceptual contradictions in the research of SEVs, the unique biological functions of SEVs provide a new direction for the development of regenerative medicine. Further exploration is warranted to establish a solid experimental and theoretical basis for future clinical application of SEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkun Wu
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xingkai Qian
- Center for Translational Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Guiyou Liang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
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33
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Pan Y, Wu W, Jiang X, Liu Y. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases: From mechanisms to therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114817. [PMID: 37141733 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) remain an intractable problem and have high morbidity and mortality worldwide, as well as substantial health and economic burdens, representing an urgent clinical need. In recent years, the focus of research has shifted from the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for transplantation to the use of their secretory exosomes (MSC-exosomes) for the treatment of numerous CVDs, including atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF), ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), aneurysm, and stroke. MSCs are pluripotent stem cells with multiple differentiation pathways that exert pleiotropic effects by producing soluble factors, the most effective components of which are exosomes. MSC-exosomes are considered to be an excellent and promising cell-free therapy for CVDs due to their higher circulating stability, improved biocompatibility, reduced toxicity, and immunogenicity. In addition, exosomes play critical roles in repairing CVDs by inhibiting apoptosis, regulating inflammation, ameliorating cardiac remodeling, and promoting angiogenesis. Herein, we describe knowledge about the biological characteristics of MSC-exosomes, investigate the mechanism by which MSC-exosomes mediate therapeutic repair, and summarize recent advances in the efficacy of MSC-exosomes in CVDs, with a view toward future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Pan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, China.
| | - Weipeng Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xiaoxin Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, China
| | - Yunhong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, China
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Pan W, Chen H, Wang A, Wang F, Zhang X. Challenges and strategies: Scalable and efficient production of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes for cell-free therapy. Life Sci 2023; 319:121524. [PMID: 36828131 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are small membrane vesicles secreted by most cell types, and widely exist in cell supernatants and various body fluids. They can transmit numerous bioactive elements, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, to affect the gene expression and function of recipient cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been confirmed to be a potentially promising therapy for tissue repair and regeneration. Accumulating studies demonstrated that the predominant regenerative paradigm of MSCs transplantation was the paracrine effect but not the differentiation effect. Exosomes secreted by MSCs also showed similar therapeutic effects as their parent cells and were considered to be used for cell-free regenerative medicine. However, the inefficient and limited production has hampered their development for clinical translation. In this review, we summarize potential methods to efficiently promote the yield of exosomes. We mainly focus on engineering the process of exosome biogenesis and secretion, altering the cell culture conditions, cell expansion through 3D dynamic culture and the isolation of exosomes. In addition, we also discuss the application of MSCs-derived exosomes as therapeutics in disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-based Medicine, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Hongyuan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No.324 Jingwuweiqi Road 324, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Aijun Wang
- Surgical Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, UC Davis Health Medical Center, 4625 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Fengshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-based Medicine, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| | - Xinke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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Doan HT, Van Pham P, Vu NB. Intravenous Infusion of Exosomes Derived from Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells Promotes Angiogenesis and Muscle Regeneration: An Observational Study in a Murine Acute Limb Ischemia Model. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36991295 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2023_769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent studies have demonstrated that adipose tissue-derived stem cell (ADSC) transplantation could promote neoangiogenesis in various ischemic diseases. However, as whole cells, ADSCs have some disadvantages, such as shipping and storage issues, high costs, and controversies related to the fates of grafted cells in the recipients. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of intravenously infused exosomes purified from human ADSCs on ischemic disease in a murine hindlimb ischemia model. METHODS ADSCs were cultured in exosome-free medium for 48 h before the conditioned medium was collected for exosome isolation by ultracentrifugation. The murine ischemic hindlimb models were created by cutting and burning the hindlimb arteries. Exosomes were intravenously infused into murine models (ADSC-Exo group), with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) used as a placebo (PBS group). Treatment efficacy was determined using a murine mobility assay (frequency of pedaling in water per 10 s), peripheral blood oxygen saturation (SpO2 index), and the recovery of vascular circulation by trypan blue staining. The formation of blood vessels was shown by X-ray. Expression levels of genes related to angiogenesis and muscle tissue repair were quantified by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Finally, H&E staining was used to determine the histological structure of muscle in the treatment and placebo groups. RESULTS The rates of acute limb ischemia in the PBS and ADSC-Exo injection groups were 66% (9/16 mice) and 43% (6/14 mice), respectively. The mobility of the limbs 28 days after surgery was significantly different between the ADSC-Exo treatment group (41 ± 1 times/10 s) and the PBS group (24 ± 1 times/10 s; n = 3; p < 0.05). Peripheral blood oxygen saturation 21 days after treatment was 83.83% ± 2.02% in the PBS group and 83% ± 1.73% in the ADSC-Exo treatment group, and the difference was not statistically significant (n = 3, p > 0.05). On day 7 after treatment, the time required to stain the toes after trypan blue injection was 20.67 ± 12.5 s and 85 ± 7.09 s in the ADSC-Exo and PBS groups, respectively (n = 3, p < 0.05). On day 3 after the operation, the expression of genes promoting angiogenesis and muscle remodeling, such as Flk1, Vwf, Ang1, Tgfb1, Myod, and Myf5, was increased 4-8 times in the ADSC-Exo group compared with the PBS group. No mice in either group died during the experimental period. CONCLUSIONS These results revealed that intravenous infusion of human ADSC-derived exosomes is a safe and effective method to treat ischemic disease, especially hindlimb ischemia, by promoting angiogenesis and muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hue Thi Doan
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Phuc Van Pham
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Bich Vu
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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36
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Gil-Cabrerizo P, Scaccheti I, Garbayo E, Blanco-Prieto MJ. Cardiac tissue engineering for myocardial infarction treatment. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 185:106439. [PMID: 37003408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current treatments can relieve the symptoms of myocardial ischemia but cannot repair the necrotic myocardial tissue. Novel therapeutic strategies based on cellular therapy, extracellular vesicles, non-coding RNAs and growth factors have been designed to restore cardiac function while inducing cardiomyocyte cycle re-entry, ensuring angiogenesis and cardioprotection, and preventing ventricular remodeling. However, they face low stability, cell engraftment issues or enzymatic degradation in vivo, and it is thus essential to combine them with biomaterial-based delivery systems. Microcarriers, nanocarriers, cardiac patches and injectable hydrogels have yielded promising results in preclinical studies, some of which are currently being tested in clinical trials. In this review, we cover the recent advances made in cellular and acellular therapies used for cardiac repair after MI. We present current trends in cardiac tissue engineering related to the use of microcarriers, nanocarriers, cardiac patches and injectable hydrogels as biomaterial-based delivery systems for biologics. Finally, we discuss some of the most crucial aspects that should be addressed in order to advance towards the clinical translation of cardiac tissue engineering approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Gil-Cabrerizo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, C/Irunlarrea 1, E-31080, Spain.; Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, Pamplona, C/Irunlarrea 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ilaria Scaccheti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, C/Irunlarrea 1, E-31080, Spain
| | - Elisa Garbayo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, C/Irunlarrea 1, E-31080, Spain.; Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, Pamplona, C/Irunlarrea 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain..
| | - María J Blanco-Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, C/Irunlarrea 1, E-31080, Spain.; Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, Pamplona, C/Irunlarrea 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain..
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Lu Y, Mai Z, Cui L, Zhao X. Engineering exosomes and biomaterial-assisted exosomes as therapeutic carriers for bone regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:55. [PMID: 36978165 PMCID: PMC10053084 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03275-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy has become an effective therapeutic approach for bone regeneration. However, there are still limitations in successful clinical translation. Recently, the secretome of mesenchymal stem cells, especially exosome, plays a critical role in promoting bone repair and regeneration. Exosomes are nanosized, lipid bilayer-enclosed structures carrying proteins, lipids, RNAs, metabolites, growth factors, and cytokines and have attracted great attention for their potential application in bone regenerative medicine. In addition, preconditioning of parental cells and exosome engineering can enhance the regenerative potential of exosomes for treating bone defects. Moreover, with recent advancements in various biomaterials to enhance the therapeutic functions of exosomes, biomaterial-assisted exosomes have become a promising strategy for bone regeneration. This review discusses different insights regarding the roles of exosomes in bone regeneration and summarizes the applications of engineering exosomes and biomaterial-assisted exosomes as safe and versatile bone regeneration agent delivery platforms. The current hurdles of transitioning exosomes from bench to bedside are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Lu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zizhao Mai
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Cui
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China.
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China.
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Areny-Balagueró A, Solé-Porta A, Camprubí-Rimblas M, Campaña-Duel E, Ceccato A, Roig A, Closa D, Artigas A. Bioengineered extracellular vesicles: future of precision medicine for sepsis. Intensive Care Med Exp 2023; 11:11. [PMID: 36894763 PMCID: PMC9998145 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-023-00491-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a syndromic response to infection and is frequently a final common pathway to death from many infectious diseases worldwide. The complexity and high heterogeneity of sepsis hinder the possibility to treat all patients with the same protocol, requiring personalized management. The versatility of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their contribution to sepsis progression bring along promises for one-to-one tailoring sepsis treatment and diagnosis. In this article, we critically review the endogenous role of EVs in sepsis progression and how current advancements have improved EVs-based therapies toward their translational future clinical application, with innovative strategies to enhance EVs effect. More complex approaches, including hybrid and fully synthetic nanocarriers that mimic EVs, are also discussed. Several pre-clinical and clinical studies are examined through the review to offer a general outlook of the current and future perspectives of EV-based sepsis diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Areny-Balagueró
- Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, 08208 Sabadell, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Anna Solé-Porta
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marta Camprubí-Rimblas
- Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, 08208 Sabadell, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Present Address: Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES-Instituto De Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Campaña-Duel
- Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, 08208 Sabadell, Spain
| | - Adrián Ceccato
- Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, 08208 Sabadell, Spain
- Present Address: Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES-Instituto De Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Roig
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Daniel Closa
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Artigas
- Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, 08208 Sabadell, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Present Address: Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES-Instituto De Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Servei de Medicina Intensiva, Corporació Sanitària i Universitària Parc Taulí, 08208 Sabadell, Spain
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Liu P, An Y, Zhu T, Tang S, Huang X, Li S, Fu F, Chen J, Xuan K. Mesenchymal stem cells: Emerging concepts and recent advances in their roles in organismal homeostasis and therapy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1131218. [PMID: 36968100 PMCID: PMC10034133 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1131218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells play a crucial role in re-establishing homeostasis in the body, and the search for mechanisms by which they interact with the host to exert their therapeutic effects remains a key question currently being addressed. Considering their significant regenerative/therapeutic potential, research on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has experienced an unprecedented advance in recent years, becoming the focus of extensive works worldwide to develop cell-based approaches for a variety of diseases. Initial evidence for the effectiveness of MSCs therapy comes from the restoration of dynamic microenvironmental homeostasis and endogenous stem cell function in recipient tissues by systemically delivered MSCs. The specific mechanisms by which the effects are exerted remain to be investigated in depth. Importantly, the profound cell-host interplay leaves persistent therapeutic benefits that remain detectable long after the disappearance of transplanted MSCs. In this review, we summarize recent advances on the role of MSCs in multiple disease models, provide insights into the mechanisms by which MSCs interact with endogenous stem cells to exert therapeutic effects, and refine the interconnections between MSCs and cells fused to damaged sites or differentiated into functional cells early in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peisheng Liu
- The College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongqian An
- Department of Stomatology, 962 Hospital of People's Liberation Army of China, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- The College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Siyuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shijie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ji Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Oral Implantology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Ji Chen, ; Kun Xuan,
| | - Kun Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Ji Chen, ; Kun Xuan,
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van de Looij SM, de Jong OG, Vermonden T, Lorenowicz MJ. Injectable hydrogels for sustained delivery of extracellular vesicles in cartilage regeneration. J Control Release 2023; 355:685-708. [PMID: 36739906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a population of small vesicles secreted by essentially all cell types, containing a wide variety of biological macromolecules. Due to their intrinsic capabilities for efficient intercellular communication, they are involved in various aspects of cellular functioning. In the past decade, EVs derived from stem cells attracted interest in the field of regenerative medicine. Owing to their regenerative properties, they have great potential for use in tissue repair, in particular for tissues with limited regenerative capabilities such as cartilage. The maintenance of articular cartilage is dependent on a precarious balance of many different components that can be disrupted by the onset of prevalent rheumatic diseases. However, while cartilage is a tissue with strong mechanical properties that can withstand movement and heavy loads for years, it is virtually incapable of repairing itself after damage has occurred. Stem cell-derived EVs (SC-EVs) transport regenerative components such as proteins and nucleic acids from their parental cells to recipient cells, thereby promoting cartilage healing. Many possible pathways through which SC-EVs execute their regenerative function have been reported, but likely there are still numerous other pathways that are still unknown. This review discusses various preclinical studies investigating intra-articular injections of free SC-EVs, which, while often promoting chondrogenesis and cartilage repair in vivo, showed a recurring limitation of the need for multiple administrations to achieve sufficient tissue regeneration. Potentially, this drawback can be overcome by making use of an EV delivery platform that is capable of sustainably releasing EVs over time. With their remarkable versatility and favourable chemical, biological and mechanical properties, hydrogels can facilitate this release profile by encapsulating EVs in their porous structure. Ideally, the optimal delivery platform can be formed in-situ, by means of an injectable hydrogel that can be administered directly into the affected joint. Relevant research fulfilling these criteria is discussed in detail, including the steps that still need to be taken before injectable hydrogels for sustained delivery of EVs can be applied in the context of cartilage regeneration in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne M van de Looij
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Science for Life, Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier G de Jong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Science for Life, Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tina Vermonden
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Science for Life, Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Magdalena J Lorenowicz
- Regenerative Medicine Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
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Comparative analysis of magnetically activated cell sorting and ultracentrifugation methods for exosome isolation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282238. [PMID: 36854030 PMCID: PMC9974127 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes regulate cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, and synthesis of the extracellular matrix, giving great potential for the treatment of different diseases. The ultracentrifugation method is the gold standard method for exosome isolation due to the simple protocol, and high yield, but presents low purity and requires specialized equipment. Amelioration of technical optimization is required for quick and reliable confinement of exosomes to translate them to the clinic as cell therapeutics In this study, we hypothesized that magnetically activated cell sorting may provide, an effective, reliable, and rapid tool for exosome isolation when compared to ultracentrifugation. We, therefore, aimed to compare the efficiency of magnetically activated cell sorting and ultracentrifugation for human mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome isolation from culture media by protein quantification, surface biomarker, size, number, and morphological analysis. Magnetically activated cell sorting provided a higher purity and amount of exosomes that carry visible magnetic beads when compared to ultracentrifugation. The particle number of the magnetically activated cell sorting group was higher than the ultracentrifugation. In conclusion, magnetically activated cell sorting presents a quick, and reliable method to collect and present human mesenchymal stem cell exosomes to clinics at high purity for potential cellular therapeutic approaches. The novel isolation and purification method may be extended to different clinical protocols using different autogenic or allogeneic cell sources.
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Cheng H, Li L, Xue J, Ma J, Ge J. TNC Accelerates Hypoxia-Induced Cardiac Injury in a METTL3-Dependent Manner. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:591. [PMID: 36980863 PMCID: PMC10048594 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis are reparative processes after myocardial infarction (MI), which results in cardiac remodeling and heart failure at last. Tenascin-C (TNC) consists of four distinct domains, which is a large multimodular glycoprotein of the extracellular matrix. It is also a key regulator of proliferation and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. As a significant m6A regulator, METTL3 binds m6A sites in mRNA to control its degradation, maturation, stabilization, and translation. Whether METTL3 regulates the occurrence and development of myocardial infarction through the m6A modification of TNC mRNA deserves our study. Here, we have demonstrated that overexpression of METTL3 aggravated cardiac dysfunction and cardiac fibrosis after 4 weeks after MI. Moreover, we also demonstrated that TNC resulted in cardiac fibrosis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis after MI. Mechanistically, METTL3 led to enhanced m6A levels of TNC mRNA and promoted TNC mRNA stability. Then, we mutated one m6A site "A" to "T", and the binding ability of METTL3 was reduced. In conclusion, METTL3 is involved in cardiac fibrosis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis by increasing m6A levels of TNC mRNA and may be a promising target for the therapy of cardiac fibrosis after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Linnan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junqiang Xue
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianying Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China
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Dong J, Wu B, Tian W. Exosomes derived from hypoxia-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells (hypoMSCs-Exo): advantages in disease treatment. Cell Tissue Res 2023:10.1007/s00441-023-03758-6. [PMID: 36781483 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-based therapy has been reported to be a potential approach to treat various diseases and the paracrine role might be the underlying mechanism. Exosomes were considered an important part of this paracrine role. It was reported that maintenance of MSCs in hypoxia conditions for a short time has shown to be beneficial for the therapeutic effect of MSCs and MSCs-derived exosomes. In this review, we summarized the recent developments on exosomes derived from hypoxia-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells (hypoMSCs-Exo), including the characteristics of hypoMSCs-Exo in morphology and contents, diseases in which hypoMSCs-Exo showed more effective, and the cellular and molecular mechanisms that hypoMSCs-Exo showed more effective in disease treatment. Besides, we also discussed the limitations of current studies and the issues that needed to be improved in the application of hypoMSCs-Exo. This review aimed to promote a comprehensive and systematic understanding of this type of exosome with great therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China. .,Department of Stomatology, People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518109, Guangdong, China.
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Stomatology, People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518109, Guangdong, China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Liu Z, Yang Z, He L. Effect of miR‑29a‑3p in exosomes on glioma cells by regulating the PI3K/AKT/HIF‑1α pathway. Mol Med Rep 2023; 27:72. [PMID: 36799154 PMCID: PMC9942261 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes secreted by glioma cells can carry a number of bioactive molecules. As the most abundant noncoding RNA in exosomes, microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in signaling between tumor cells in a number of ways. In addition, hypoxia is an important feature of the microenvironment of most tumors. The present study investigated the effect of miR‑29a‑3p in glioma exosomes on the proliferation and apoptosis levels of U251 glioma cells under hypoxia. Qualitative PCR results showed that the expression level of miR‑29a‑3p in plasma exosomes of glioma patients was lower than that of normal subjects. By conducting hypoxia experiments in vitro on U251 glioma cells, it was found that the expression level of miR‑29a‑3p decreased following hypoxia, while overexpression of miR‑29a‑3p significantly decreased the proliferation of U251 glioma cells and promoted apoptosis by inhibiting the expression of the antiapoptotic marker Bcl‑2 and increasing the expression of the proapoptotic marker Bax The potential targets of miR‑29a‑3p were predicted by online tools and validated by a dual‑luciferase gene reporter assay. miR‑29a‑3p was found to target and regulate PI3K, which in turn inhibited the activity of the PI3K‑AKT pathway, thereby reducing the expression of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)‑1α protein. Furthermore, the effects of miR‑29a‑3p on proliferation and apoptosis in glioma cells in those processes could be reversed by the PI3K‑AKT agonist Recilisib. In addition, the inhibitory effect of miR‑29a‑3p on the PI3K/AKT/HIF‑1α regulatory axis could cause a decrease in the expression levels of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase‑1 and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase‑2 and eventually lead to a reduction in glycolysis in U251 glioma cells. Similarly, Recilisib slowed the inhibitory effect of miR‑29a‑3p on glycolysis and glycolysis‑related molecules. The results of this study tentatively confirm that miR‑29a‑3p carried by exosomes can be used as a novel diagnostic marker and a potential inhibitory molecule for glioma cells, providing a new theoretical and experimental basis for the precise clinical treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqiang Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Zeqiang Liu, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuan North Road, Beijing 100191, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Jiashan, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314100, P.R. China
| | - Lu He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
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Chang W, Li P. Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell-derived small extracellular vesicles: A novel therapeutic agent in ischemic heart diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1098634. [PMID: 36686710 PMCID: PMC9849567 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1098634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial injury is a major pathological factor that causes death in patients with heart diseases. In recent years, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been generally used in treating many diseases in animal models and clinical trials. mesenchymal stromal cells have the ability to differentiate into osteocytes, adipocytes and chondrocytes. Thus, these cells are considered suitable for cardiac injury repair. However, mechanistic studies have shown that the secretomes of mesenchymal stromal cells, mainly small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), have better therapeutic effects than mesenchymal stromal cells themselves. In addition, small extracellular vesicles have easier quality control characteristics and better safety profiles. Therefore, mesenchymal stromal cell-small extracellular vesicles are emerging as novel therapeutic agents for damaged myocardial treatment. To date, many clinical trials and preclinical experimental results have demonstrated the beneficial effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMMSCs) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells-small extracellular vesicles on ischemic heart disease. However, the validation of therapeutic efficacy and the use of tissue engineering methods require an exacting scientific rigor and robustness. This review summarizes the current knowledge of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells- or bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells-small extracellular vesicle-based therapy for cardiac injury and discusses critical scientific issues in the development of these therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peifeng Li
- *Correspondence: Wenguang Chang, ; Peifeng Li,
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Jiapaer Z, Li C, Yang X, Sun L, Chatterjee E, Zhang L, Lei J, Li G. Extracellular Non-Coding RNAs in Cardiovascular Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010155. [PMID: 36678784 PMCID: PMC9865796 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the world's leading cause of death despite the best available healthcare and therapy. Emerging as a key mediator of intercellular and inter-organ communication in CVD pathogenesis, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of membrane-enclosed nano-sized vesicles released by virtually all cells, of which their RNA cargo, especially non-coding RNAs (ncRNA), has been increasingly recognized as a promising diagnostic and therapeutic target. Recent evidence shows that ncRNAs, such as small ncRNAs, circular RNAs, and long ncRNAs, can be selectively sorted into EVs or other non-vesicular carriers and modulate various biological processes in recipient cells. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the literature regarding the origin, extracellular carrier, and functional mechanisms of extracellular ncRNAs with a focus on small ncRNAs, circular RNAs, and long ncRNAs. The pathophysiological roles of extracellular ncRNAs in various CVDs, including atherosclerosis, ischemic heart diseases, hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure, are extensively discussed. We also provide an update on recent developments and challenges in using extracellular ncRNAs as biomarkers or therapeutical targets in these CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyidan Jiapaer
- College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Chengyu Li
- College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Fangshan Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102400, China
| | - Lingfei Sun
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Emeli Chatterjee
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lingying Zhang
- College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Ji Lei
- Center for Transplantation Science, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (G.L.)
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Cui J, Li Y, Zhu M, Liu Y, Liu Y. Analysis of the Research Hotspot of Exosomes in Cardiovascular Disease: A Bibliometric-based Literature Review. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2023; 21:316-345. [PMID: 37779407 DOI: 10.2174/0115701611249727230920042944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the current status and development trend of research on exosomes in cardiovascular disease (CVD) using bibliometric analysis and to elucidate trending research topics. METHODS Research articles on exosomes in CVD published up to April 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science database. Data were organized using Microsoft Office Excel 2019. CiteSpace 6.1 and VOSviewer 1.6.18 were used for bibliometric analysis and result visualization. RESULTS Overall, 256 original research publications containing 190 fundamental research publications and 66 clinical research publications were included. "Extracellular vesicle" was the most frequent research keyword, followed by "microrna," "apoptosis," and "angiogenesis." Most publications were from China (187, 73.05%), followed by the United States (57, 22.27%), the United Kingdom (7, 2.73%), and Japan (7, 2.73%). A systematic review of the publications revealed that myocardial infarction and stroke were the most popular topics and that exosomes and their contents, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), play positive roles in neuroprotection, inhibition of autophagy and apoptosis, promotion of angiogenesis, and protection of cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION Research on exosomes in CVD has attracted considerable attention, with China having the most published studies. Fundamental research has focused on CVD pathogenesis; exosomes regulate the progression of CVD through biological processes, such as the inflammatory response, autophagy, and apoptosis. Clinical research has focused on biomarkers for CVD; studies on using miRNAs in exosomes as disease markers for diagnosis could become a future trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cui
- National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhu
- National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfei Liu
- National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Second Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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TNF- α Enhances the Therapeutic Effects of MenSC-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles on Inflammatory Bowel Disease through Macrophage Polarization by miR-24-3p. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:2988907. [PMID: 36895784 PMCID: PMC9991477 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2988907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MenSCs) and their secreted small extracellular vesicles (EVs) had been proven to relieve inflammation, tissue damage, and fibrosis in various organs. The microenvironment induced by inflammatory cytokines can promote mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to secrete more substances (including EVs) that could regulate inflammation. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic idiopathic intestinal inflammation, the etiology and mechanism of which are unclear. At present, the existing therapeutic methods are ineffective for many patients and have obvious side effects. Hence, we explored the role of tumor necrosis factor α- (TNF-α-) pretreated MenSC-derived small EV (MenSCs-sEVTNF-α ) in a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium- (DSS-) induced colitis, expecting to find better therapeutic alterations. In this research, the small EVs of MenSCs were obtained by ultracentrifugation. MicroRNAs of small EVs derived from MenSCs before and after TNF-α treatment were sequenced, and the differential microRNAs were analyzed by bioinformatics. The small EVs secreted by TNF-α-stimulating MenSCs were more effective in colonic mice than those secreted directly by MenSCs, as evidenced by the results of histopathology analysis of colonic tissue, immunohistochemistry for tight junction proteins, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for cytokine expression profiles in vivo. The process of MenSCs-sEVTNF-α relieving colonic inflammation was accompanied by the polarization of M2 macrophages in the colon and miR-24-3p upregulation in small EVs. In vitro, both MenSC-derived sEV (MenSCs-sEV) and MenSCs-sEVTNF-α reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and MenSCs-sEVTNF-α can increase the portion of M2 macrophages. In conclusion, after TNF-α stimulation, the expression of miR-24-3p in small EVs derived from MenSCs was upregulated. MiR-24-3p was proved to target and downregulate interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) expression in the murine colon and then promoted the polarization of M2 macrophages. The polarization of M2 macrophages in colonic tissues then reduced the damage caused by hyperinflammation.
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Zhu F, Wei C, Wu H, Shuai B, Yu T, Gao F, Yuan Y, Zuo D, Liu X, Zhang L, Fan H. Hypoxic mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes alleviate ulcerative colitis injury by limiting intestinal epithelial cells reactive oxygen species accumulation and DNA damage through HIF-1α. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109426. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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An Z, Tian J, Liu Y, Zhao X, Yang X, Yong J, Liu L, Zhang L, Jiang W, Song X, Zhang H. Exosomes as a Cell-free Therapy for Myocardial Injury Following Acute Myocardial Infarction or Ischemic Reperfusion. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1770-1786. [PMID: 36465167 PMCID: PMC9662265 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, which contain miRNA, have been receiving growing attention in cardiovascular therapy because of their role in mediating cell-cell communication, autophagy, apoptosis, inflammation, and angiogenesis. Several studies have suggested that miRNA derived from exosomes can be used to detect myocardial infarctions (MI) in patients. Basic research also suggests that exosomes could serve as a potential therapeutic target for treating acute myocardial infarction. Ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is associated with adverse cardiac events after acute MI. We aim to review the potential benefits and mechanisms of exosomes in treating MI and IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu An
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jinfan Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yue Liu
- Cardiovascular disease center, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xueyao Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jingwen Yong
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Libo Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Wenjian Jiang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiantao Song
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongjia Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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