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Lau AA, Jin K, Beard H, Windram T, Xie K, O'Brien JA, Neumann D, King BM, Snel MF, Trim PJ, Mitrofanis J, Hemsley KM, Austin PJ. Photobiomodulation in the infrared spectrum reverses the expansion of circulating natural killer cells and brain microglial activation in Sanfilippo mice. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 38849324 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Sanfilippo syndrome results from inherited mutations in genes encoding lysosomal enzymes that catabolise heparan sulfate (HS), leading to early childhood-onset neurodegeneration. This study explores the therapeutic potential of photobiomodulation (PBM), which is neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory in several neurodegenerative diseases; it is also safe and PBM devices are readily available. We investigated the effects of 10-14 days transcranial PBM at 670 nm (2 or 4 J/cm2/day) or 904 nm (4 J/cm2/day) in young (3 weeks) and older (15 weeks) Sanfilippo or mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPS IIIA) mice. Although we found no PBM-induced changes in HS accumulation, astrocyte activation, CD206 (an anti-inflammatory marker) and BDNF expression in the brains of Sanfilippo mice, there was a near-normalisation of microglial activation in older MPS IIIA mice by 904 nm PBM, with decreased IBA1 expression and a return of their morphology towards a resting state. Immune cell immunophenotyping of peripheral blood with mass cytometry revealed increased pro-inflammatory signalling through pSTAT1 and p-p38 in NK and T cells in young but not older MPS IIIA mice (5 weeks of age), and expansion of NK, B and CD8+ T cells in older affected mice (17 weeks of age), highlighting the importance of innate and adaptive lymphocytes in Sanfilippo syndrome. Notably, 670 and 904 nm PBM both reversed the Sanfilippo-induced increase in pSTAT1 and p-p38 expression in multiple leukocyte populations in young mice, while 904 nm reversed the increase in NK cells in older mice. In conclusion, this is the first study to demonstrate the beneficial effects of PBM in Sanfilippo mice. The distinct reduction in microglial activation and NK cell pro-inflammatory signalling and number suggests PBM may alleviate neuroinflammation and lymphocyte activation, encouraging further investigation of PBM as a standalone, or complementary therapy in Sanfilippo syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Lau
- Childhood Dementia Research Group, Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - K Jin
- Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - H Beard
- Childhood Dementia Research Group, Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - T Windram
- Childhood Dementia Research Group, Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - K Xie
- Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J A O'Brien
- Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D Neumann
- Childhood Dementia Research Group, Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - B M King
- Childhood Dementia Research Group, Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - M F Snel
- Proteomics, Metabolomics and MS-Imaging Core Facility, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - P J Trim
- Proteomics, Metabolomics and MS-Imaging Core Facility, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - J Mitrofanis
- Fonds Clinatec, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - K M Hemsley
- Childhood Dementia Research Group, Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - P J Austin
- Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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2
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Huang Z, Hamblin MR, Zhang Q. Photobiomodulation in experimental models of Alzheimer's disease: state-of-the-art and translational perspectives. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:114. [PMID: 38773642 PMCID: PMC11106984 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01484-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant public health problem, affecting millions of people across the world. Despite decades of research into therapeutic strategies for AD, effective prevention or treatment for this devastating disorder remains elusive. In this review, we discuss the potential of photobiomodulation (PBM) for preventing and alleviating AD-associated pathologies, with a focus on the biological mechanisms underlying this therapy. Future research directions and guidance for clinical practice for this non-invasive and non-pharmacological therapy are also highlighted. The available evidence indicates that different treatment paradigms, including transcranial and systemic PBM, along with the recently proposed remote PBM, all could be promising for AD. PBM exerts diverse biological effects, such as enhancing mitochondrial function, mitigating the neuroinflammation caused by activated glial cells, increasing cerebral perfusion, improving glymphatic drainage, regulating the gut microbiome, boosting myokine production, and modulating the immune system. We suggest that PBM may serve as a powerful therapeutic intervention for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihai Huang
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
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3
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Shen Q, Guo H, Yan Y. Photobiomodulation for Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Scoping Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1625. [PMID: 38338901 PMCID: PMC10855709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases involve the progressive dysfunction and loss of neurons in the central nervous system and thus present a significant challenge due to the absence of effective therapies for halting or reversing their progression. Based on the characteristics of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), which have prolonged incubation periods and protracted courses, exploring non-invasive physical therapy methods is essential for alleviating such diseases and ensuring that patients have an improved quality of life. Photobiomodulation (PBM) uses red and infrared light for therapeutic benefits and functions by stimulating, healing, regenerating, and protecting organizations at risk of injury, degradation, or death. Over the last two decades, PBM has gained widespread recognition as a non-invasive physical therapy method, showing efficacy in pain relief, anti-inflammatory responses, and tissue regeneration. Its application has expanded into the fields of neurology and psychiatry, where extensive research has been conducted. This paper presents a review and evaluation of studies investigating PBM in neurodegenerative diseases, with a specific emphasis on recent applications in AD and PD treatment for both animal and human subjects. Molecular mechanisms related to neuron damage and cognitive impairment are scrutinized, offering valuable insights into PBM's potential as a non-invasive therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (H.G.); (Y.Y.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Haoyun Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (H.G.); (Y.Y.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yihua Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (H.G.); (Y.Y.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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4
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Czyżewski W, Mazurek M, Sakwa L, Szymoniuk M, Pham J, Pasierb B, Litak J, Czyżewska E, Turek M, Piotrowski B, Torres K, Rola R. Astroglial Cells: Emerging Therapeutic Targets in the Management of Traumatic Brain Injury. Cells 2024; 13:148. [PMID: 38247839 PMCID: PMC10813911 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) represents a significant health concern, necessitating advanced therapeutic interventions. This detailed review explores the critical roles of astrocytes, key cellular constituents of the central nervous system (CNS), in both the pathophysiology and possible rehabilitation of TBI. Following injury, astrocytes exhibit reactive transformations, differentiating into pro-inflammatory (A1) and neuroprotective (A2) phenotypes. This paper elucidates the interactions of astrocytes with neurons, their role in neuroinflammation, and the potential for their therapeutic exploitation. Emphasized strategies encompass the utilization of endocannabinoid and calcium signaling pathways, hormone-based treatments like 17β-estradiol, biological therapies employing anti-HBGB1 monoclonal antibodies, gene therapy targeting Connexin 43, and the innovative technique of astrocyte transplantation as a means to repair damaged neural tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Czyżewski
- Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (R.R.)
| | - Marek Mazurek
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (R.R.)
| | - Leon Sakwa
- Student Scientific Society, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Radom, 26-600 Radom, Poland;
| | - Michał Szymoniuk
- Student Scientific Association, Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jennifer Pham
- Student Scientific Society, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (J.P.); (M.T.)
| | - Barbara Pasierb
- Department of Dermatology, Radom Specialist Hospital, 26-600 Radom, Poland;
| | - Jakub Litak
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ewa Czyżewska
- Department of Otolaryngology, Mazovian Specialist Hospital, 26-617 Radom, Poland;
| | - Michał Turek
- Student Scientific Society, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (J.P.); (M.T.)
| | - Bartłomiej Piotrowski
- Institute of Automatic Control and Robotics, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Kamil Torres
- Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Radosław Rola
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (R.R.)
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5
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Branciamore S, Gogoshin G, Rodin AS, Myers AJ. The Human Brainome: changes in expression of VGF, SPECC1L, HLA-DRA and RANBP3L act with APOE E4 to alter risk for late onset Alzheimer's disease. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3678057. [PMID: 38168398 PMCID: PMC10760217 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3678057/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
While there are currently over 40 replicated genes with mapped risk alleles for Late Onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), the Apolipoprotein E locus E4 haplotype is still the biggest driver of risk, with odds ratios for neuropathologically confirmed E44 carriers exceeding 30 (95% confidence interval 16.59-58.75). We sought to address whether the APOE E4 haplotype modifies expression globally through networks of expression to increase LOAD risk. We have used the Human Brainome data to build expression networks comparing APOE E4 carriers to non-carriers using scalable mixed-datatypes Bayesian network (BN) modeling. We have found that VGF had the greatest explanatory weight. High expression of VGF is a protective signal, even on the background of APOE E4 alleles. LOAD risk signals, considering an APOE background, include high levels of SPECC1L, HLA-DRA and RANBP3L. Our findings nominate several new transcripts, taking a combined approach to network building including known LOAD risk loci.
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Chang SY, Lee MY. Photobiomodulation of Neurogenesis through the Enhancement of Stem Cell and Neural Progenitor Differentiation in the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15427. [PMID: 37895108 PMCID: PMC10607539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) is the regulation of biological processes using light energy from sources such as lasers or light-emitting diodes. Components of the nervous system, such as the brain and peripheral nerves, are important candidate PBM targets due to the lack of therapeutic modalities for the complete cure of neurological diseases. PBM can be applied either to regenerate damaged organs or to prevent or reduce damage caused by disease. Although recent findings have suggested that neural cells can be regenerated, which contradicts our previous understanding, neural structures are still thought to have weaker regenerative capacity than other systems. Therefore, enhancing the regenerative capacity of the nervous system would aid the future development of therapeutics for neural degeneration. PBM has been shown to enhance cell differentiation from stem or progenitor cells to near-target or target cells. In this review, we have reviewed research on the effects of PBM on neurogenesis in the central nervous system (e.g., animal brains) and the peripheral nervous system (e.g., peripheral sensory neural structures) and sought its potential as a therapeutic tool for intractable neural degenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Chang
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea;
| | - Min Young Lee
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head &Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
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7
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Murayama MA. The past and present of therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's diseases: potential for stem cell therapy. Exp Anim 2023; 72:285-293. [PMID: 36878603 PMCID: PMC10435354 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.22-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive dysfunction and neuropsychiatric symptoms, is the most prevalent form of dementia among the elderly. Amyloid aggregation, tau hyperphosphorylation, and neural cell loss are the main pathological features. Various hypotheses have been proposed to explain the development of AD. Some therapeutic agents have shown clinical benefits in patients with AD; however, many of these agents have failed. The degree of neural cell loss is associated with the severity of AD. Adult neurogenesis, which governs cognitive and emotional behaviors, occurs in the hippocampus, and some research groups have reported that neural cell transplantation into the hippocampus improves cognitive dysfunction in AD model mice. Based on these clinical findings, stem cell therapy for patients with AD has recently attracted attention. This review provides past and present therapeutic strategies for the management and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori A Murayama
- Department of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Shinmachi 2-5-1, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
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8
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Wang S, Shan S, Zhang J, Liu Z, Gu X, Hong Y, He H, Ren T. Airway epithelium regeneration by photoactivated basal cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 245:112732. [PMID: 37290293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The airway epithelium is the footstone to maintain the structure and functions of lung, in which resident basal cells (BCs) maintain homeostasis and functional regeneration of epithelial barrier in response to injury. In recent clinical researches, transplanting BCs has shown great inspiring achievements in therapy of various lung diseases. In this study, we report a noninvasive optical method to activate BCs for airway epithelium regeneration in vivo by fast scanning of focused femtosecond laser on BCs of airway epithelium to active Ca2+ signaling and subsequent ERK and Wnt pathways. The photoactivated BCs present high proliferative capacity and maintain high pluripotency, which enables them to plant in the injured airway epithelium and differentiate to club cells for regeneration of epithelium. This optical method can also work in situ to activate localized BCs in airway tissue. Therefore, our results provide a powerful technology for noninvasive BC activation in stem-cell therapy of lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyang Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, 200233 Shanghai, China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Avenue, 570228, Haikou, China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Shan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, 200233 Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, 200233 Shanghai, China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - Zeyu Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, 200233 Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohua Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, 200233 Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Hong
- Stem Cell Center, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, 200233 Shanghai, China; School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Avenue, 570228 Haikou, China.
| | - Hao He
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, 200030 Shanghai, China.
| | - Tao Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, 200233 Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, 600 Yishan Road, 200233 Shanghai, China.
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9
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Lin L, Li S, Hu S, Yu W, Jiang B, Mao C, Li G, Yang R, Miao X, Jin M, Gu Y, Lu E. UCHL1 Impairs Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell Osteogenesis in Periodontitis. J Dent Res 2023; 102:61-71. [PMID: 36112902 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221116031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis comprises a series of inflammatory responses resulting in alveolar bone loss. The suppression of osteogenesis of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) by inflammation is responsible for impaired alveolar bone regeneration, which remains an ongoing challenge for periodontitis therapy. Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) belongs to the family of deubiquitinating enzymes, which was found to play roles in inflammation previously. In this study, the upregulation of UCHL1 was identified in inflamed PDLSCs isolated from periodontitis patients and in healthy PDLSCs treated with tumor necrosis factor-α or interleukin-1β, and the higher expression level of UCHL1 was accompanied with the impaired osteogenesis of PDLSCs. Then UCHL1 was inhibited in PDLSCs using the lentivirus or inhibitor, and the osteogenesis of PDLSCs suppressed by inflammation was rescued by UCHL1 inhibition. Mechanistically, the negative effect of UCHL1 on the osteogenesis of PDLSCs was attributable to its negative regulation of mitophagy-dependent bone morphogenetic protein 2/Smad signaling pathway in periodontitis-associated inflammation. Furthermore, a ligature-induced murine periodontitis model was established, and the specific inhibitor of UCHL1 was administrated to periodontitis mice. The histological results showed increased active osteoblasts on alveolar bone surface and enhanced alveolar bone regeneration when UCHL1 was inhibited in periodontitis mice. Besides, the therapeutic effects of UCHL1 inhibition on ameliorating periodontitis were verified, as indicated by less bone loss and reduced inflammation. Altogether, our study proved UCHL1 to be a key negative regulator of the osteogenesis of PDLSCs in periodontitis and suggested that UCHL1 inhibition holds promise for alveolar bone regeneration in periodontitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - S Li
- Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - S Hu
- Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - W Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - B Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - C Mao
- Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - G Li
- Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - R Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - X Miao
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - M Jin
- Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Gu
- Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - E Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
Although the cause(s) of Alzheimer's disease in the majority of cases remains elusive, it has long been associated with hypertension. In animal models of the disease, hypertension has been shown to exacerbate Alzheimer-like pathology and behavior, while in humans, hypertension during mid-life increases the risk of developing the disease later in life. Unfortunately, once individuals are diagnosed with the disease, there are few therapeutic options available. There is neither an effective symptomatic treatment, one that treats the debilitating cognitive and memory deficits, nor, more importantly, a neuroprotective treatment, one that stops the relentless progression of the pathology. Further, there is no specific preventative treatment that offsets the onset of the disease. A key factor or clue in this quest for an effective preventative and therapeutic treatment may lie in the contribution of hypertension to the disease. In this review, we explore the idea that photobiomodulation, the application of specific wavelengths of light onto body tissues, can reduce the neuropathology and behavioral deficits in Alzheimer's disease by controlling hypertension. We suggest that treatment with photobiomodulation can be an effective preventative and therapeutic option for this neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Valverde
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Fonds de dotation Clinatec, Grenoble, France
| | - John Mitrofanis
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Fonds de dotation Clinatec, Grenoble, France,
Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom,Correspondence to: John Mitrofanis, E-mail:
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11
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Xie K, El Khoury H, Mitrofanis J, Austin PJ. A systematic review of the effect of photobiomodulation on the neuroinflammatory response in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. Rev Neurosci 2022; 34:459-481. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This systematic review examines the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM), the application of red to near infrared light on body tissues, on the neuroinflammatory response and oxidative stress in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. The research question and search protocol were prospectively registered on the PROSPERO database. Neurodegenerative diseases are becoming ever more prevalent in the ageing populations across the Western world, with no disease-modifying or neuroprotective treatment options being available. Hence there is a real need for the development of effective treatment options for patients. Inflammatory responses and oxidative stress within the central nervous system have a strong correlation with neuronal cell death. PBM is a non-invasive therapeutic option that has shown efficacy and promising effects in animal models of neurodegenerative disease; many studies have reported neuroprotection and improved behavioural outcomes. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no previous study that has reviewed the anti-inflammatory and the antioxidant effect of PBM in the context of neurodegeneration. This review has examined this relationship in animal models of a range of neurodegenerative diseases. We found that PBM can effectively reduce glial activation, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and oxidative stress, whilst increasing anti-inflammatory glial responses and cytokines, and antioxidant capacity. These positive outcomes accompanied the neuroprotection evident after PBM treatment. Our review provides further indication that PBM can be developed into an effective non-pharmacological intervention for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangzhe Xie
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health , University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2006 , Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health , University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2050 , Australia
| | - Hala El Khoury
- Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health , University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2050 , Australia
| | - John Mitrofanis
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Fonds de Dotation Clinatec , 38054 Grenoble , France
| | - Paul J. Austin
- Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health , University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2050 , Australia
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12
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Promoted CD4 + T cell-derived IFN-γ/IL-10 by photobiomodulation therapy modulates neurogenesis to ameliorate cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 and 3xTg-AD mice. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:253. [PMID: 36217178 PMCID: PMC9549637 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02617-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The immune system has been implicated in synaptic plasticity, inflammation, and the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, there were few studies on improving the niche microenvironment of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the brain of AD to promote adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) by regulating the function of non-parenchymal immune cells. Methods The lymph nodes of amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) and 3xTg (APP/PS1/tau) mouse models of AD were treated with photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) for 10 J/cm2 per day for 1 month (10 min for each day), T lymphocytes isolated from these two AD models were treated with PBMT for 2 J/cm2 (5 min for each time). The NSCs isolated from hippocampus of these two AD models at E14, and the cells were co-cultivated with PBMT-treated T lymphocyte conditioned medium for NSCs differentiation. Results Our results showed that PBMT treatment could promote AHN and reverse cognitive deficits in AD mouse model. The expression of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) was upregulated in the brain of these two AD models after PBMT treated, which was induced by the activation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)-mediated signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4)/STAT5 signaling pathway in CD4+ T cells. In addition, elevated CD4+ T cell levels and upregulated transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1)/insulin-like growth factors-1 (IGF-1)/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein expression levels were also detected in the brain. More importantly, co-cultivated the PBMT-treated T lymphocyte conditioned medium with NSCs derived from these two AD models was shown to promote NSCs differentiation, which was reflected in the upregulation of both neuronal class-III β-tubulin (Tuj1) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), but the effects of PBMT was blocked by reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger or JAK2 inhibitor. Conclusion Our research suggests that PBMT exerts a beneficial neurogenesis modulatory effect through activating the JAK2/STAT4/STAT5 signaling pathway to promote the expression of IFN-γ/IL-10 in non-parenchymal CD4+ T cells, induction of improvement of brain microenvironmental conditions and alleviation of cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 and 3xTg-AD mouse models. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02617-5.
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Cardoso FDS, Salehpour F, Coimbra NC, Gonzalez-Lima F, Gomes da Silva S. Photobiomodulation for the treatment of neuroinflammation: A systematic review of controlled laboratory animal studies. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1006031. [PMID: 36203812 PMCID: PMC9531128 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1006031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation is a response that involves different cell lineages of the central nervous system, such as neurons and glial cells. Among the non-pharmacological interventions for neuroinflammation, photobiomodulation (PBM) is gaining prominence because of its beneficial effects found in experimental brain research. We systematically reviewed the effects of PBM on laboratory animal models, specially to investigate potential benefits of PBM as an efficient anti-inflammatory therapy. Methods We conducted a systematic search on the bibliographic databases (PubMed and ScienceDirect) with the keywords based on MeSH terms: photobiomodulation, low-level laser therapy, brain, neuroinflammation, inflammation, cytokine, and microglia. Data search was limited from 2009 to June 2022. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. The initial systematic search identified 140 articles. Among them, 54 articles were removed for duplication and 59 articles by screening. Therefore, 27 studies met the inclusion criteria. Results The studies showed that PBM has anti-inflammatory properties in several conditions, such as traumatic brain injury, edema formation and hyperalgesia, ischemia, neurodegenerative conditions, aging, epilepsy, depression, and spinal cord injury. Conclusion Taken together, these results indicate that transcranial PBM therapy is a promising strategy to treat brain pathological conditions induced by neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrízio dos Santos Cardoso
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão da Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Fabrízio dos Santos Cardoso
| | - Farzad Salehpour
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Norberto Cysne Coimbra
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão da Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco Gonzalez-Lima
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Sérgio Gomes da Silva
- Centro Universitário UNIFAMINAS (UNIFAMINAS), Muriaé, MG, Brazil
- Hospital do Câncer de Muriaé, Fundação Cristiano Varella (FCV), Muriaé, MG, Brazil
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TGF-β as a Key Modulator of Astrocyte Reactivity: Disease Relevance and Therapeutic Implications. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051206. [PMID: 35625943 PMCID: PMC9138510 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are essential for normal brain development and functioning. They respond to brain injury and disease through a process referred to as reactive astrogliosis, where the reactivity is highly heterogenous and context-dependent. Reactive astrocytes are active contributors to brain pathology and can exert beneficial, detrimental, or mixed effects following brain insults. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has been identified as one of the key factors regulating astrocyte reactivity. The genetic and pharmacological manipulation of the TGF-β signaling pathway in animal models of central nervous system (CNS) injury and disease alters pathological and functional outcomes. This review aims to provide recent understanding regarding astrocyte reactivity and TGF-β signaling in brain injury, aging, and neurodegeneration. Further, it explores how TGF-β signaling modulates astrocyte reactivity and function in the context of CNS disease and injury.
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Revuelta M, Urrutia J, Villarroel A, Casis O. Microglia-Mediated Inflammation and Neural Stem Cell Differentiation in Alzheimer's Disease: Possible Therapeutic Role of K V1.3 Channel Blockade. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:868842. [PMID: 35530176 PMCID: PMC9070300 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.868842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increase of deposits of amyloid β peptides in the extracellular matrix is landmark during Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) due to the imbalance in the production vs. clearance. This accumulation of amyloid β deposits triggers microglial activation. Microglia plays a dual role in AD, a protective role by clearing the deposits of amyloid β peptides increasing the phagocytic response (CD163, IGF-1 or BDNF) and a cytotoxic role, releasing free radicals (ROS or NO) and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β) in response to reactive gliosis activated by the amyloid β aggregates. Microglia activation correlated with an increase KV1.3 channels expression, protein levels and current density. Several studies highlight the importance of KV1.3 in the activation of inflammatory response and inhibition of neural progenitor cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation. However, little is known about the pathways of this activation in neural stem cells differentiation and proliferation and the role in amyloid β accumulation. In recent studies using in vitro cells derived from mice models, it has been demonstrated that KV1.3 blockers inhibit microglia-mediated neurotoxicity in culture reducing the expression and production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α through the NF-kB and p38MAPK pathway. Overall, we conclude that KV1.3 blockers change the course of AD development, reducing microglial cytotoxic activation and increasing neural stem cell differentiation. However, further investigations are needed to establish the specific pathway and to validate the use of this blocker as therapeutic treatment in Alzheimer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miren Revuelta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursery, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Janire Urrutia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursery, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Alvaro Villarroel
- Instituto Biofisika, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Oscar Casis
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Wu YQ, Wang YN, Zhang LJ, Liu LQ, Pan YC, Su T, Liao XL, Shu HY, Kang M, Ying P, Xu SH, Shao Y. Regional Homogeneity in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:877281. [PMID: 35493938 PMCID: PMC9050296 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.877281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyze the potential changes in brain neural networks in resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scans by regional homogeneity (ReHo) in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods We recruited and selected 24 volunteers, including 12 patients (6 men and 6 women) with MCI and 12 healthy controls matched by age, sex, and lifestyle. All subjects were examined with rs-fMRI to evaluate changes in neural network connectivity, and the data were analyzed by ReHo method. Correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between ReHo values and clinical features in different brain regions of MCI patients. The severity of MCI was determined by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale. Results The signals of the right cerebellum areas 4 and 5, left superior temporal, right superior temporal, left fusiform, and left orbital middle frontal gyri in the patient group were significantly higher than those in the normal group (P < 0.01 by t-test of paired samples). The signal intensity of the right inferior temporal and left inferior temporal gyri was significantly lower than that of the normal group (P < 0.01). The ReHO value for the left inferior temporal gyrus correlated negatively with disease duration, and the value for the right inferior temporal gyrus correlated positively with MMSE scores. Conclusion Mild cognitive impairment in patients with pre- Alzheimer's disease may be related to the excitation and inhibition of neural networks in these regions. This may have a certain guiding significance for clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qian Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yi-Ning Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Li-Juan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Li-Qi Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yi-Cong Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ting Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xu-Lin Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hui-Ye Shu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Min Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ping Ying
- Department of Ophthalmology and Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - San-Hua Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yi Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,*Correspondence: Yi Shao,
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Puangmalai N, Sengupta U, Bhatt N, Gaikwad S, Montalbano M, Bhuyan A, Garcia S, McAllen S, Sonawane M, Jerez C, Zhao Y, Kayed R. Lysine 63-linked ubiquitination of tau oligomers contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101766. [PMID: 35202653 PMCID: PMC8942844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-modified tau aggregates are abundantly found in human brains diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies. Soluble tau oligomers (TauO) are the most neurotoxic tau species that propagate pathology and elicit cognitive deficits, but whether ubiquitination contributes to tau formation and spreading is not fully understood. Here, we observed that K63-linked, but not K48-linked, ubiquitinated TauO accumulated at higher levels in AD brains compared with age-matched controls. Using mass spectrometry analyses, we identified 11 ubiquitinated sites on AD brain-derived TauO (AD TauO). We found that K63-linked TauO are associated with enhanced seeding activity and propagation in human tau-expressing primary neuronal and tau biosensor cells. Additionally, exposure of tau-inducible HEK cells to AD TauO with different ubiquitin linkages (wild type, K48, and K63) resulted in enhanced formation and secretion of K63-linked TauO, which was associated with impaired proteasome and lysosome functions. Multipathway analysis also revealed the involvement of K63-linked TauO in cell survival pathways, which are impaired in AD. Collectively, our study highlights the significance of selective TauO ubiquitination, which could influence tau aggregation, accumulation, and subsequent pathological propagation. The insights gained from this study hold great promise for targeted therapeutic intervention in AD and related tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicha Puangmalai
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Urmi Sengupta
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Nemil Bhatt
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Sagar Gaikwad
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Mauro Montalbano
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Arijit Bhuyan
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Stephanie Garcia
- School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Salome McAllen
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Minal Sonawane
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Cynthia Jerez
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA; Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Rakez Kayed
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.
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Wang X, Li X, Zuo X, Liang Z, Ding T, Li K, Ma Y, Li P, Zhu Z, Ju C, Zhang Z, Song Z, Quan H, Zhang J, Hu X, Wang Z. Photobiomodulation inhibits the activation of neurotoxic microglia and astrocytes by inhibiting Lcn2/JAK2-STAT3 crosstalk after spinal cord injury in male rats. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:256. [PMID: 34740378 PMCID: PMC8571847 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02312-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurotoxic microglia and astrocytes begin to activate and participate in pathological processes after spinal cord injury (SCI), subsequently causing severe secondary damage and affecting tissue repair. We have previously reported that photobiomodulation (PBM) can promote functional recovery by reducing neuroinflammation after SCI, but little is known about the underlying mechanism. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether PBM ameliorates neuroinflammation by modulating the activation of microglia and astrocytes after SCI. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: a sham control group, an SCI + vehicle group and an SCI + PBM group. PBM was performed for two consecutive weeks after clip-compression SCI models were established. The activation of neurotoxic microglia and astrocytes, the level of tissue apoptosis, the number of motor neurons and the recovery of motor function were evaluated at different days post-injury (1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days post-injury, dpi). Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) and Janus kinase-2 (JAK2)-signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) signaling were regarded as potential targets by which PBM affected neurotoxic microglia and astrocytes. In in vitro experiments, primary microglia and astrocytes were irradiated with PBM and cotreated with cucurbitacin I (a JAK2-STAT3 pathway inhibitor), an adenovirus (shRNA-Lcn2) and recombinant Lcn2 protein. RESULTS PBM promoted the recovery of motor function, inhibited the activation of neurotoxic microglia and astrocytes, alleviated neuroinflammation and tissue apoptosis, and increased the number of neurons retained after SCI. The upregulation of Lcn2 and the activation of the JAK2-STAT3 pathway after SCI were suppressed by PBM. In vitro experiments also showed that Lcn2 and JAK2-STAT3 were mutually promoted and that PBM interfered with this interaction, inhibiting the activation of microglia and astrocytes. CONCLUSION Lcn2/JAK2-STAT3 crosstalk is involved in the activation of neurotoxic microglia and astrocytes after SCI, and this process can be suppressed by PBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuankang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.,967 Hospital of People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zuo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhuowen Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tan Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yangguang Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Penghui Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhijie Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cheng Ju
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- 967 Hospital of People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhiwen Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huilin Quan
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xueyu Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
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Carroll JD. 2021 Summary of Photobiomodulation Literature. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2021; 39:499-501. [DOI: 10.1089/photob.2021.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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