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TONG Y, LONG Y, ZHANG F, LI J. [Advances in Pseudoprogression of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2024; 27:306-320. [PMID: 38769834 PMCID: PMC11110244 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2024.101.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has greatly improved the prognosis of advanced lung cancer patients, but can lead to pseudoprogression (PsP), which complicates clinical evaluation and management. PsP is manifested as temporary enlargement of the tumour or the appearance of new lesions, etc., and improvement in imaging occurs with continued treatment, mostly without worsening of clinical symptoms. Currently, there are still difficulties in the early diagnosis of PsP, and its occurrence mechanism is not yet clear, lacking good predictive factors and related biomarkers. This article reviews the current research status of PsP of ICIs in non-small cell lung cancer in order to provide helpful clinical strategies for oncologists using these drugs.
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Ghodsi A, Hicks RJ, Iravani A. PET/Computed Tomography Transformation of Oncology: Immunotherapy Assessment. PET Clin 2024; 19:291-306. [PMID: 38199917 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy approaches have changed the treatment landscape in a variety of malignancies with a high anti-tumor response. Immunotherapy may be associated with novel response and progression patterns that pose a substantial challenge to the conventional criteria for assessing treatment response, including response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) 1.1. In addition to the morphologic details provided by computed tomography (CT) and MRI, hybrid molecular imaging emerges as a comprehensive imaging modality with the capacity to interrogate pathophysiological mechanisms like glucose metabolism. This review highlights the current status of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) in prognostication, response monitoring, and identifying immune-related adverse events. Furthermore, it investigates the potential role of novel immuno-PET tracers that could complement the utilization of 18F-FDG PET/CT by imaging the specific pathways involved in immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Ghodsi
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, 1144 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Rodney J Hicks
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; The Melbourne Theranostic Innovation Centre, North Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amir Iravani
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, 1144 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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3
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van der Hiel B, Aalbersberg EA, van den Eertwegh AJM, de Wit-van der Veen LJ, Stokkel MPM, Lopez-Yurda M, Boellaard R, Kapiteijn EW, Hospers GAP, Aarts MJB, de Vos FYFL, Boers-Sonderen MJ, van der Veldt AAM, de Groot JWB, Haanen JBAG. The Predictive Value of FDG PET/CT for Determining Progression-Free Survival in Advanced Stage III-IV BRAF -Mutated Melanoma Patients Treated With Targeted Therapy-What Can Be Learned From Progression? Clin Nucl Med 2024; 49:138-145. [PMID: 38113329 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000004988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aims of this study were to investigate whether (early) PERCIST response monitoring with 18 F-FDG PET/CT is predictive for progression-free survival (PFS) in unresectable stage III or IV melanoma patients treated with BRAF/MEK inhibitor (MEKi) and to define dissemination patterns at progression with a lesion-based evaluation in direct comparison to baseline to improve our understanding of 18 F-FDG PET/CT during BRAF/MEKi. PATIENTS AND METHODS This prospective multicenter single-arm study included 70 patients with unresectable stage III/IV BRAF -mutated melanoma who underwent contrast-enhanced CT and 18 F-FDG PET/CT at baseline and 2 and 7 weeks during treatment with vemurafenib plus cobimetinib and at progression if possible. Tumor response assessment was done with RECIST1.1 and PERCIST. Follow-up PET/CT scans were visually compared with baseline to assess dissemination patterns. RESULTS Using RECIST1.1, PFS was not significantly different between the response groups ( P = 0.26). At 2 weeks, PERCIST median PFS was 15.7 months for patients with complete metabolic response (CMR) versus 8.3 months for non-CMR ( P = 0.035). The hazards ratio (HR) for progression/death in non-CMR versus CMR was 1.99 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-3.84; P = 0.040) and 1.77 (95% CI, 0.91-3.43; P = 0.0935) when adjusting for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). At 7 weeks, median PFS for PERCIST CMR was 16.7 months versus 8.5 months for non-CMR ( P = 0.0003). The HR for progression/death in the non-CMR group was significantly increased (HR, 2.94; 95% CI, 1.60-5.40; P = 0.0005), even when adjusting for LDH (HR, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.43-4.91; P = 0.0020). At week 7, 18 F-FDG PET/CT was false-positive in all 4 (6%) patients with new FDG-avid lesions but CMR of known metastases. When 18 F-FDG PET/CT was performed at progressive disease, 18/22 (82%) patients had progression of known metastases with or without new 18 F-FDG-avid lesions. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that PERCIST response assessment at week 7 is predictive for PFS, regardless of LDH. At 2 weeks, patients with CMR have longer PFS than patients with non-CMR, but different PET parameters should be investigated to further evaluate the added value of early 18 F-FDG PET/CT. Disease progression on PET/CT is predominated by progression of known metastases, and new 18 F-FDG-avid lesions during BRAF/MEKi are not automatically a sign of recurrent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernies van der Hiel
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
| | - Else A Aalbersberg
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
| | | | | | - Marcel P M Stokkel
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
| | - Marta Lopez-Yurda
- Department of Biometrics, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
| | - Ronald Boellaard
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam
| | - Ellen W Kapiteijn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden
| | - Geke A P Hospers
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen
| | - Maureen J B Aarts
- Department of Medical Oncology, GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht
| | - Filip Y F L de Vos
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht
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4
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Filippi L, Proietti I, Petrozza V, Potenza C, Bagni O, Schillaci O. The Prognostic Role of [ 18F]FDG PET/CT in Patients with Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Submitted to Cemiplimab Immunotherapy: A Single-Center Retrospective Study. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2024; 39:46-54. [PMID: 37883658 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2023.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Baseline 2-deoxy-2[18F]fluoro-d-glucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)-derived parameters and 12-week metabolic response were investigated as prognostic factors in advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) submitted to cemiplimab immunotherapy. Materials and Methods: Clinical records of 25 cSCC patients receiving cemiplimab, submitted to [18F]FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) at baseline and after ∼12 weeks, were retrospectively reviewed. The Kaplan-Meier (KM) method was applied to analyze differences in event-free survival (EFS), and Cox regression analysis was employed to identify the prognostic factors. Results: At the 12-week PET/CT evaluation, 16 patients (64%) were classified as responders (complete or partial response) and 9 (36%) as nonresponders ("unconfirmed progressive metabolic disease") according to immune PET Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (iPERCIST). By KM analysis, baseline metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) significantly correlated with the EFS (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the KM analysis showed that the lack of metabolic response at 12 weeks was associated with meaningfully shorter EFS (7.2 ± 1 months in nonresponders vs. 20.3 ± 2.3 months in responders). In Cox multivariate analysis, metabolic response at 12 weeks remained the only predictor of the EFS (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Baseline tumor load (i.e., MTV and TLG) and metabolic response at 12 weeks may have a prognostic impact in cSCC patients treated with cemiplimab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Filippi
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Oncohaematology, Fondazione PTV Policlinico Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Proietti
- Dermatology Unit "Daniele Innocenzi," "A. Fiorini" Hospital, Terracina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Petrozza
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Pathology Unit, ICOT Hospital, University of Rome "La Sapienza," Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Potenza
- Dermatology Unit "Daniele Innocenzi," "A. Fiorini" Hospital, Terracina, Italy
| | - Oreste Bagni
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy
| | - Orazio Schillaci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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5
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Farah C, Mignion L, Jordan BF. Metabolic Profiling to Assess Response to Targeted and Immune Therapy in Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1725. [PMID: 38339003 PMCID: PMC10855758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
There is currently no consensus to determine which advanced melanoma patients will benefit from targeted therapy, immunotherapy, or a combination of both, highlighting the critical need to identify early-response biomarkers to advanced melanoma therapy. The goal of this review is to provide scientific rationale to highlight the potential role of metabolic imaging to assess response to targeted and/or immune therapy in melanoma cancer. For that purpose, a brief overview of current melanoma treatments is provided. Then, current knowledge with respect to melanoma metabolism is described with an emphasis on major crosstalks between melanoma cell metabolism and signaling pathways involved in BRAF-targeted therapy as well as in immune checkpoint inhibition therapies. Finally, preclinical and clinical studies using metabolic imaging and/or profiling to assess response to melanoma treatment are summarized with a particular focus on PET (Positron Emission Tomography) imaging and 13C-MRS (Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy) methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantale Farah
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Lionel Mignion
- Nuclear and Electron Spin Technologies (NEST) Platform, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Bénédicte F. Jordan
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1200 Brussels, Belgium;
- Nuclear and Electron Spin Technologies (NEST) Platform, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1200 Brussels, Belgium;
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Muley T, Schneider MA, Meister M, Thomas M, Heußel CP, Kriegsmann M, Holdenrieder S, Wehnl B, Rolny V, Mang A, Gerber R, Herth F. CYFRA 21-1, CA 125 and CEA provide additional prognostic value in NSCLC patients with stable disease at first CT scan. Tumour Biol 2024; 46:S163-S175. [PMID: 37840516 DOI: 10.3233/tub-220042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum tumor markers (STM) may complement imaging and provide additional clinical information for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). OBJECTIVE To determine whether STMs can predict outcomes in patients with stable disease (SD) after initial treatment. METHODS This single-center, prospective, observational trial enrolled 395 patients with stage III/IV treatment-naïve NSCLC; of which 263 patients were included in this analysis. Computed Tomography (CT) scans were performed and STMs measured before and after initial treatment (two cycles of chemotherapy and/or an immune checkpoint inhibitor or tyrosine kinase inhibitor); analyses were based on CT and STM measurements obtained at first CT performed after cycle 2 only PFS and OS were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox-proportional hazard models. RESULTS When patients with SD (n = 100) were split into high- and low-risk groups based on CYFRA 21-1, CEA and CA 125 measurements using an optimized cut-off, a 4-fold increase risk of progression or death was estimated for high- vs low-risk SD patients (PFS, HR 4.17; OS, 3.99; both p < 0.0001). Outcomes were similar between patients with high-risk SD or progressive disease (n = 35) (OS, HR 1.17) and between patients with low-risk SD or partial response (n = 128) (PFS, HR 0.98; OS, 1.14). CONCLUSIONS STMs can provide further guidance in patients with indeterminate CT responses by separating them into high- and low-risk groups for future PFS and OS events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Muley
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark A Schneider
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Meister
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Thomas
- Translational Lung Research Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Oncology, Thoraxklinik, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claus Peter Heußel
- Translational Lung Research Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, Thoraxklinik, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark Kriegsmann
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Holdenrieder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Anika Mang
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | | | - Felix Herth
- Translational Lung Research Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care, Thoraxklinik, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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Rallis KS, Makker S, Ghose A, Sideris M. Assessing Radiological Response to Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer: An Evolving Arena. CANCER DIAGNOSIS & PROGNOSIS 2024; 4:1-8. [PMID: 38173660 PMCID: PMC10758839 DOI: 10.21873/cdp.10278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In the past decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have entered the treatment landscape of non-small-cell lung cancer, signalling a paradigm shift within the field characterized by significant survival benefits for patients with advanced and metastatic disease, and especially those with non-targetable genetic oncogenic driver mutations. However, the shift towards immune-based treatments has created new challenges in oncology. Atypical immunotherapy response patterns, including pseudo-progression and hyperprogressive disease, as well as immune-related adverse events have generated the need for new methods to predict patient response to treatment. Hence, new versions of the traditional Response Evaluation Criteria for Solid Tumors (RECIST) have emerged to help characterise with better accuracy radiological findings concerning patient response classification to immunotherapy. This review discusses response evaluation criteria relevant to unique radiological findings observed in patients treated with immunotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine S Rallis
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K
| | - Shania Makker
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, U.K
| | - Aruni Ghose
- Department of Medical Oncology, Barts Cancer Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, U.K
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Northwood, U.K
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Immuno-Oncology Clinical Network, Kent, U.K
| | - Michail Sideris
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Cancer Research UK Barts Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Barts Health NHS Trust, Royal London Hospital, London, U.K
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Amrane K, Le Meur C, Thuillier P, Dzuko Kamga J, Alemany P, Chauvelot F, Niel C, Bellange A, Abgral R. Case Report: Long-term metabolic response of metastatic uveal melanoma to pembrolizumab on FDG-PET/CT despite a serial pseudoprogressions phenomenon. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1243208. [PMID: 38111583 PMCID: PMC10725954 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1243208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UV) is a rare and aggressive melanoma with poor 1-year survival. up to 50% of UV patients develop metastases, mainly to the liver. Here, the authors present a 2-deoxy-2-[18F] fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) study of a very rare case of secondarily metastatic UV in an 81-year-old Caucasian with a dramatic response to pembrolizumab associated with serial pseudogression. 18F-FDG-PET associated with clinical status and peripheral blood derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) were performed to guide therapeutic strategy due to an atypical pseudoprogression phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Amrane
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier des Pays de Morlaix, Morlaix, France
- Inserm, UMR1227, Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité, Univ Brest, Inserm, LabEx Immunotherapy-Graft-Oncology (IGO), Brest, France
| | - Coline Le Meur
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Philippe Thuillier
- Inserm, UMR1227, Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité, Univ Brest, Inserm, LabEx Immunotherapy-Graft-Oncology (IGO), Brest, France
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
| | | | - Pierre Alemany
- Department of Pathology, Ouestpathology Brest, Brest, France
| | - Frederic Chauvelot
- Department of Onco-pharmacy, Centre Hospitalier des Pays de Morlaix, Morlaix, France
| | - Clémence Niel
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier des Pays de Morlaix, Morlaix, France
| | - Alex Bellange
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier des Pays de Morlaix, Morlaix, France
| | - Ronan Abgral
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Inserm 1304 Groupe d'étude de la thrombose de Bretagne-Occidentale (GETBO), Institut Federatif de Recherche (IFR) 148, University of Western Brittany, Brest, France
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Prendergast CM, Lopci E, Seban RD, De Jong D, Ammari S, Aneja S, Lévy A, Sajan A, Salvatore MM, Cappacione KM, Schwartz LH, Deutsch E, Dercle L. Integrating [ 18F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography with Computed Tomography with Radiation Therapy and Immunomodulation in Precision Therapy for Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5179. [PMID: 37958353 PMCID: PMC10648321 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
[18F]-FDG positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging is widely used to enhance the quality of care in patients diagnosed with cancer. Furthermore, it holds the potential to offer insight into the synergic effect of combining radiation therapy (RT) with immuno-oncological (IO) agents. This is achieved by evaluating treatment responses both at the RT and distant tumor sites, thereby encompassing the phenomenon known as the abscopal effect. In this context, PET/CT can play an important role in establishing timelines for RT/IO administration and monitoring responses, including novel patterns such as hyperprogression, oligoprogression, and pseudoprogression, as well as immune-related adverse events. In this commentary, we explore the incremental value of PET/CT to enhance the combination of RT with IO in precision therapy for solid tumors, by offering supplementary insights to recently released joint guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor M. Prendergast
- Department of Radiology, NewYork-Presbyterian, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA (M.M.S.); (K.M.C.)
| | - Egesta Lopci
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS—Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Romain-David Seban
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institut Curie, 92210 Saint-Cloud, France
- Laboratory of Translational Imaging in Oncology, Inserm, Institut Curie, 91401 Orsay, France
| | - Dorine De Jong
- RefleXion Medical, Inc., Hayward, CA 94545, USA
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Samy Ammari
- Department of Medical Imaging, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Sanjay Aneja
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Smilow Cancer Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Antonin Lévy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Abin Sajan
- Department of Radiology, NewYork-Presbyterian, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA (M.M.S.); (K.M.C.)
| | - Mary M. Salvatore
- Department of Radiology, NewYork-Presbyterian, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA (M.M.S.); (K.M.C.)
| | - Kathleen M. Cappacione
- Department of Radiology, NewYork-Presbyterian, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA (M.M.S.); (K.M.C.)
| | - Lawrence H. Schwartz
- Department of Radiology, NewYork-Presbyterian, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA (M.M.S.); (K.M.C.)
| | - Eric Deutsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Laurent Dercle
- Department of Radiology, NewYork-Presbyterian, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA (M.M.S.); (K.M.C.)
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10
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Gabiache G, Zadro C, Rozenblum L, Vezzosi D, Mouly C, Thoulouzan M, Guimbaud R, Otal P, Dierickx L, Rousseau H, Trepanier C, Dercle L, Mokrane FZ. Image-Guided Precision Medicine in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4666. [PMID: 37760633 PMCID: PMC10526298 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this comprehensive review, we aimed to discuss the current state-of-the-art medical imaging for pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) diagnosis and treatment. Despite major medical improvements, PPGLs, as with other neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), leave clinicians facing several challenges; their inherent particularities and their diagnosis and treatment pose several challenges for clinicians due to their inherent complexity, and they require management by multidisciplinary teams. The conventional concepts of medical imaging are currently undergoing a paradigm shift, thanks to developments in radiomic and metabolic imaging. However, despite active research, clinical relevance of these new parameters remains unclear, and further multicentric studies are needed in order to validate and increase widespread use and integration in clinical routine. Use of AI in PPGLs may detect changes in tumor phenotype that precede classical medical imaging biomarkers, such as shape, texture, and size. Since PPGLs are rare, slow-growing, and heterogeneous, multicentric collaboration will be necessary to have enough data in order to develop new PPGL biomarkers. In this nonsystematic review, our aim is to present an exhaustive pedagogical tool based on real-world cases, dedicated to physicians dealing with PPGLs, augmented by perspectives of artificial intelligence and big data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gildas Gabiache
- Department of Radiology, Rangueil University Hospital, 31400 Toulouse, France (F.-Z.M.)
| | - Charline Zadro
- Department of Radiology, Rangueil University Hospital, 31400 Toulouse, France (F.-Z.M.)
| | - Laura Rozenblum
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Hôpital La Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Delphine Vezzosi
- Department of Endocrinology, Rangueil University Hospital, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Mouly
- Department of Endocrinology, Rangueil University Hospital, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Rosine Guimbaud
- Department of Oncology, Rangueil University Hospital, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Otal
- Department of Radiology, Rangueil University Hospital, 31400 Toulouse, France (F.-Z.M.)
| | - Lawrence Dierickx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, IUCT-Oncopole, 31059 Toulouse, France;
| | - Hervé Rousseau
- Department of Radiology, Rangueil University Hospital, 31400 Toulouse, France (F.-Z.M.)
| | - Christopher Trepanier
- New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Laurent Dercle
- New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Fatima-Zohra Mokrane
- Department of Radiology, Rangueil University Hospital, 31400 Toulouse, France (F.-Z.M.)
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11
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Ayati N, Jamshidi-Araghi Z, Hoellwerth M, Schweighofer-Zwink G, Hitzl W, Koelblinger P, Pirich C, Beheshti M. Predictive value and accuracy of [ 18F]FDG PET/CT modified response criteria for checkpoint immunotherapy in patients with advanced melanoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:2715-2726. [PMID: 37140669 PMCID: PMC10317870 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are widely used in metastatic melanoma and dramatically alter the treatment of these patients. Given the high cost and potential toxicity, a reliable method for evaluating treatment response is needed. In this study, we assessed tumor response in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with ICIs using three modified response criteria: PET Response Evaluation Criteria for Immunotherapy (PERCIMT), PET Response Criteria in Solid Tumors for up to Five Lesions (PERCIST5), and immunotherapy-modified PET Response Criteria in Solid Tumors for up to Five Lesions (imPERCIST5). METHODS Ninety-one patients with non-resectable stage IV metastatic melanoma who received ICIs were retrospectively enrolled in this study. Each patient had two [18F]FDG PET/CT scans performed before and after ICI therapy. Responses at the follow-up scan were evaluated according to PERCIMT, PERCIST5, and imPERCIST5 criteria. Patients were classified into four groups: complete metabolic response (CMR), partial metabolic response (PMR), progressive metabolic disease (PMD), and stable metabolic disease (SMD). To assess the "disease control rate," two groups have been defined based on each criterion: patients with CMR, PMR, and SMD as "disease-controlled group (i.e., responders)" and PMD as the "uncontrolled-disease group (i.e., non-responders)". The correspondence between metabolic tumor response defined by these criteria and clinical outcome was assessed and compared. RESULTS The response and the disease control rates were 40.7% and 71.4%, 41.8% and 50.5%, and 54.9% and 74.7% based on the PERCIMT, PERCIST5, and imPERCIST5 criteria, respectively. PERCIMT and imPERCIST5 showed significantly different disease control rates from that of PERCIST5 (P < 0.001), whereas it was not significant between PERCIMT and imPERCIST5. Overall survival was significantly longer in the metabolic responder groups than in the non-responder groups based on PERCIMT and PERCIST5 criteria (PERCIMT: 2.48 versus 1.47 years, P = 0.003; PERCIST5: 2.57 versus 1.81 years. P = 0.017). However, according to imPERCIST5 criterion, this difference was not observed (P = 0.12). CONCLUSION Although the appearance of new lesions can be secondary to an inflammatory response to ICIs and indicative of pseudoprogression, given the higher rate of true progression, the appearance of new lesions should be interpreted deliberately. Of the three assessed modified criteria, PERCIMT appear to provide more reliable metabolic response assessment that correlates strongly with overall patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjess Ayati
- Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zahra Jamshidi-Araghi
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shahid Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical & Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Magdalena Hoellwerth
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Gregor Schweighofer-Zwink
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Hitzl
- Biostatistics and Publication of Clinical Trial Studies, Research and Innovation Management (RIM), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Research Program Experimental Ophthalmology & Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Koelblinger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christian Pirich
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mohsen Beheshti
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
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Khan F, Jones K, Lyon P. Immune checkpoint inhibition: a future guided by radiology. Br J Radiol 2023; 96:20220565. [PMID: 36752570 PMCID: PMC10321249 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20220565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The limitation of the function of antitumour immune cells is a common hallmark of cancers that enables their survival. As such, the potential of immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) acts as a paradigm shift in the treatment of a range of cancers but has not yet been fully capitalised. Combining minimally and non-invasive locoregional therapies offered by radiologists with ICI is now an active field of research with the aim of furthering therapeutic capabilities in medical oncology. In parallel to this impending advancement, the "imaging toolbox" available to radiologists is also growing, enabling more refined tumour characterisation as well as greater accuracy in evaluating responses to therapy. Options range from metabolite labelling to cellular localisation to immune checkpoint screening. It is foreseeable that these novel imaging techniques will be integrated into personalised treatment algorithms. This growth in the field must include updating the current standardised imaging criteria to ensure they are fit for purpose. Such criteria is crucial to both appropriately guide clinical decision-making regarding next steps of treatment, but also provide reliable prognosis. Quantitative approaches to these novel imaging techniques are also already being investigated to further optimise personalised therapeutic decision-making. The therapeutic potential of specific ICIs and locoregional therapies could be determined before administration thus limiting unnecessary side-effects whilst maintaining efficacy. Several radiological aspects of oncological care are advancing simultaneously. Therefore, it is essential that each development is assessed for clinical use and optimised to ensure the best treatment decisions are being offered to the patient. In this review, we discuss state of the art advances in novel functional imaging techniques in the field of immuno-oncology both pre-clinically and clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraaz Khan
- Foundation Doctor, Buckinghamshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Amersham, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom
| | - Keaton Jones
- Academic Clinical Lecturer Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences University of Oxford, Wellington Square, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Lyon
- Consultant Radiologist, Department of Radiology, Oxford University Hospitals, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
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13
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Sachpekidis C, Weru V, Kopp-Schneider A, Hassel JC, Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss A. The prognostic value of [ 18F]FDG PET/CT based response monitoring in metastatic melanoma patients undergoing immunotherapy: comparison of different metabolic criteria. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:2699-2714. [PMID: 37099131 PMCID: PMC10317882 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06243-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the prognostic value of [18F]FDG PET/CT as part of response monitoring in metastatic melanoma patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). METHODS Sixty-seven patients underwent [18F]FDG PET/CT before start of treatment (baseline PET/CT), after two cycles (interim PET/CT) and after four cycles of ICIs administration (late PET/CT). Metabolic response evaluation was based on the conventional EORTC and PERCIST criteria, as well as the newly introduced, immunotherapy-modified PERCIMT, imPERCIST5 and iPERCIST criteria. Metabolic response to immunotherapy was classified according to four response groups (complete metabolic response [CMR], partial metabolic response [PMR], stable metabolic disease [SMD], progressive metabolic disease [PMD]), and further dichotomized by response rate (responders = [CMR] + [PMR] vs. non-responders = [PMD] + [SMD]), and disease control rate (disease control = [CMR] + [PMR] + [SMD] vs. [PMD]). The spleen-to-liver SUV ratios (SLRmean, SLRmax) and bone marrow-to-liver SUV ratios (BLRmean, BLRmax) were also calculated. The results of PET/CT were correlated with patients' overall survival (OS). RESULTS Median patient follow up [95% CI] was 61.5 months [45.3 - 66.7 months]. On interim PET/CT, the application of the novel PERCIMT demonstrated significantly longer survival for metabolic responders, while the rest criteria revealed no significant survival differences between the different response groups. Respectively on late PET/CT, both a trend for longer OS and significantly longer OS were observed in patients responding to ICIs with metabolic response and disease control after application of various criteria, both conventional and immunotherapy-modified. Moreover, patients with lower SLRmean values demonstrated significantly longer OS. CONCLUSION In patients with metastatic melanoma PET/CT-based response assessment after four ICIs cycles is significantly associated with OS after application of different metabolic criteria. The prognostic performance of the modality is also high after the first two ICIs cycles, especially with employment of novel criteria. In addition, investigation of spleen glucose metabolism may provide further prognostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Sachpekidis
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69210 Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Vivienn Weru
- Department of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Jessica C Hassel
- Department of Dermatology and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antonia Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69210 Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Yang R, Wu T, Yu J, Cai X, Li G, Li X, Huang W, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Yang X, Ren Y, Hu R, Feng Q, Ding P, Zhang X, Li Y. Locally advanced rectal cancer with dMMR/MSI-H may be excused from surgery after neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 monotherapy: a multiple-center, cohort study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1182299. [PMID: 37441082 PMCID: PMC10333582 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1182299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Examine patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) with deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) or microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) who received neoadjuvant immunotherapy (nIT), and compare the outcomes of those who chose a watch-and-wait (WW) approach after achieving clinical complete response (cCR) or near-cCR with those who underwent surgery and were confirmed as pathological complete response (pCR). Methods LARC patients with dMMR/MSI-H who received nIT were retrospectively examined. The endpoints were 2-year overall survival (OS), 2-year disease-free survival (DFS), local recurrence (LR), and distant metastasis (DM). The efficacy of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitor, immune-related adverse events (irAEs), surgery-related adverse events (srAEs), and enterostomy were also recorded. Results Twenty patients who received a PD-1 inhibitor as initial nIT were examined. Eighteen patients (90%) achieved complete response (CR) after a median of 7 nIT cycles, including 11 with pCR after surgery (pCR group), and 7 chose a WW strategy after evaluation as cCR or near-cCR (WW group). Both groups had median follow-up times of 25.0 months. Neither group had a case of LR or DM, and the 2-year DFS and OS in each group was 100%. The two groups had similar incidences of irAEs (P=0.627). In the pCR group, however, 2 patients (18.2%) had permanent colostomy, 3 (27.3%) had temporary ileostomy, and 2 (18.2%) had srAEs. Conclusion Neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade had high efficacy and led to a high rate of CR in LARC patients with dMMR/MSI-H. A WW strategy appears to be a safe and reliable option for these patients who achieve cCR or near-cCR after nIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renfang Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiehai Yu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Guoyu Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiangshu Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weixin Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Honghe Prefecture Third People’s Hospital, Honghe Cancer Hospital, Gejiu, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Imaging, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuqin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xudong Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yongping Ren
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ruixi Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qing Feng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Peirong Ding
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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15
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Vaz SC, Graff SL, Ferreira AR, Debiasi M, de Geus-Oei LF. PET/CT in Patients with Breast Cancer Treated with Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092620. [PMID: 37174086 PMCID: PMC10177398 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant advances in breast cancer (BC) treatment have been made in the last decade, including the use of immunotherapy and, in particular, immune checkpoint inhibitors that have been shown to improve the survival of patients with triple negative BC. This narrative review summarizes the studies supporting the use of immunotherapy in BC. Furthermore, the usefulness of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (2-[18F]FDG) positron emission/computerized tomography (PET/CT) to image the tumor heterogeneity and to assess treatment response is explored, including the different criteria to interpret 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT imaging. The concept of immuno-PET is also described, by explaining the advantages of mapping treatment targets with a non-invasive and whole-body tool. Several radiopharmaceuticals in the preclinical phase are referred too, and, considering their promising results, translation to human studies is needed to support their use in clinical practice. Overall, this is an evolving field in BC treatment, despite PET imaging developments, the future trends also include expanding immunotherapy to early-stage BC and using other biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia C Vaz
- Nuclear Medicine-Radiopharmacology, Champalimaud Center for the Unkown, Champalimaud Foundation, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600-2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie L Graff
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Lifespan Cancer Institute, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Legorreta Cancer Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Arlindo R Ferreira
- Católica Medical School, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 2635-631 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Márcio Debiasi
- Breast Cancer Unit, Champalimaud Center for the Unkown, Champalimaud Foundation, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lioe-Fee de Geus-Oei
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600-2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217-7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of radiation Science & Technology, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Postbus 5 2600 AA Delft, The Netherlands
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16
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Mangas Losada M, Romero Robles L, Mendoza Melero A, García Megías I, Villanueva Torres A, Garrastachu Zumarán P, Boulvard Chollet X, Lopci E, Ramírez Lasanta R, Delgado Bolton RC. [ 18F]FDG PET/CT in the Evaluation of Melanoma Patients Treated with Immunotherapy. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:978. [PMID: 36900122 PMCID: PMC10000458 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13050978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is based on manipulation of the immune system in order to act against tumour cells, with growing evidence especially in melanoma patients. The challenges faced by this new therapeutic tool are (i) finding valid evaluation criteria for response assessment; (ii) knowing and distinguishing between "atypical" response patterns; (iii) using PET biomarkers as predictive and response evaluation parameters and (iv) diagnosis and management of immunorelated adverse effects. This review is focused on melanoma patients analysing (a) the role of [18F]FDG PET/CT in the mentioned challenges; (b) the evidence of its efficacy. For this purpose, we performed a review of the literature, including original and review articles. In summary, although there are no clearly established or globally accepted criteria, modified response criteria are potentially appropriate for evaluation of immunotherapy benefit. In this context, [18F]FDG PET/CT biomarkers appear to be promising parameters in prediction and assessment of response to immunotherapy. Moreover, immunorelated adverse effects are recognized as predictors of early response to immunotherapy and may be associated with better prognosis and clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Mangas Losada
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging (Radiology) and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital San Pedro and Centre for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Leonardo Romero Robles
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging (Radiology) and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital San Pedro and Centre for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Alejandro Mendoza Melero
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging (Radiology) and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital San Pedro and Centre for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Irene García Megías
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging (Radiology) and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital San Pedro and Centre for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Amós Villanueva Torres
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging (Radiology) and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital San Pedro and Centre for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Puy Garrastachu Zumarán
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging (Radiology) and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital San Pedro and Centre for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Xavier Boulvard Chollet
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging (Radiology) and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital San Pedro and Centre for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Egesta Lopci
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Rafael Ramírez Lasanta
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging (Radiology) and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital San Pedro and Centre for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Roberto C. Delgado Bolton
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging (Radiology) and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital San Pedro and Centre for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
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17
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Kaira K, Yamaguchi O, Naruse I, Umeda Y, Honda T, Watanabe S, Ichikawa K, Yanagisawa S, Kasahara N, Higuchi T, Hashimoto K, Miura Y, Shiono A, Mouri A, Imai H, Iizuka K, Ishizuka T, Minato K, Suda S, Kagamu H, Mori K, Seki N, Kuji I. Comparative analysis of different response criteria at early phase after PD-1 blockade in non-small lung cancer. Cancer Imaging 2023; 23:23. [PMID: 36859341 PMCID: PMC9976499 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-023-00538-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare different response criteria using computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET) in measuring response and survival in the early phase after programmed death-1 (PD-1) blockade monotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS A total of 54 patients with advanced NSCLC who had 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]-fluoro-D-glucose PET or CT at baseline, and 4 and 9 weeks after PD-1 blockade, were registered. Therapeutic response was assessed according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), the immune-modified RECIST (irRECIST), the PET Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (PERCIST), the immune-modified PERCIST (iPERCIST), and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) criteria for dichotomous groups, such as responders vs. non-responders and controlled vs. uncontrolled diseases. Cohen's κ was used to evaluate the concordance among the different criteria. RESULTS The concordance between CT and PET response criteria was fair or slight for responders vs. non-responders, but the agreement between iPERCIST and irRECIST was moderate for controlled vs. uncontrolled diseases. The agreement between EORTC and PERCIST or iPERCIST in detecting responders was higher in the application of metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) than in the standardized uptake value corrected for lean body mass (SUL)peak. To distinguish controlled from uncontrolled disease, RECIST, irRECIST, and PET criteria (PERCIST, iPERCIST, and EORTC) defined by MTV or TLG were found to be significant predictors of progression-free survival. To distinguish responders from non-responders, iPERCIST by SULpeak or EORTC by TLG were identified as significant indicators. The EORTC criteria using TLG for the detection of responders or uncontrolled diseases had a significantly higher predictive value for response assessment. CONCLUSIONS The EORTC criteria based on TLG for the early detection of responders and uncontrolled disease were effective as a response assessment at 4 weeks after the PD-1 blockade. When SULpeak was not used but MTV or TLG was, the agreement between EORTC and PERCIST or iPERCIST was almost perfect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoichi Kaira
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka-City, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan.
| | - Ou Yamaguchi
- grid.410802.f0000 0001 2216 2631Department of Respiratory Medicine, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka-City, Saitama 350-1298 Japan
| | - Ichiro Naruse
- grid.440411.40000 0004 0642 4832Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hidaka Hospital, 886, Nakao-cho, Takasaki, 370-0001 Japan
| | - Yukihiro Umeda
- grid.163577.10000 0001 0692 8246Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3, Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193 Japan
| | - Takeshi Honda
- grid.264706.10000 0000 9239 9995Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8606 Japan
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- grid.260975.f0000 0001 0671 5144Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachidori, Chuouku, Niigata, 951-8510 Japan
| | - Kosuke Ichikawa
- grid.260975.f0000 0001 0671 5144Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachidori, Chuouku, Niigata, 951-8510 Japan
| | - Shin Yanagisawa
- grid.263518.b0000 0001 1507 4692Department of Radiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 1-1-3, Asahi, Matsumoto-City, Nagano 390-8621 Japan
| | - Norimitsu Kasahara
- grid.411887.30000 0004 0595 7039Innovative Medical Research Center, Gunma University Hospital, Showa-machi, 3-39-15, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higuchi
- grid.411887.30000 0004 0595 7039Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Hospital, Showa-machi, 3-39-15, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511 Japan
| | - Kosuke Hashimoto
- grid.410802.f0000 0001 2216 2631Department of Respiratory Medicine, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka-City, Saitama 350-1298 Japan
| | - Yu Miura
- grid.410802.f0000 0001 2216 2631Department of Respiratory Medicine, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka-City, Saitama 350-1298 Japan
| | - Ayako Shiono
- grid.410802.f0000 0001 2216 2631Department of Respiratory Medicine, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka-City, Saitama 350-1298 Japan
| | - Atsuto Mouri
- grid.410802.f0000 0001 2216 2631Department of Respiratory Medicine, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka-City, Saitama 350-1298 Japan
| | - Hisao Imai
- grid.410802.f0000 0001 2216 2631Department of Respiratory Medicine, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka-City, Saitama 350-1298 Japan
| | - Kunihiko Iizuka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Public Tomioka General Hospital, 1-2073, Tomioka, Gunma 370-2316 Japan
| | - Tamotsu Ishizuka
- grid.163577.10000 0001 0692 8246Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3, Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193 Japan
| | - Koichi Minato
- grid.517686.b0000 0004 1763 6849Division of Respiratory Medicine, Gunma Prefectural Cancer Center, 617-1, Takabayashinishi-cho, Ota, Gunma 373-8550 Japan
| | - Satoshi Suda
- grid.440411.40000 0004 0642 4832Cancer Center, Hidaka Hospital, 886, Nakao-cho, Takasaki, 370-0001 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kagamu
- grid.410802.f0000 0001 2216 2631Department of Respiratory Medicine, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka-City, Saitama 350-1298 Japan
| | - Keita Mori
- grid.415797.90000 0004 1774 9501Clinical Research Center, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007, Shimonagakubo, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8777 Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Seki
- grid.264706.10000 0000 9239 9995Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8606 Japan
| | - Ichiei Kuji
- grid.410802.f0000 0001 2216 2631Department of Nuclear Medicine, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka-City, Saitama 350-1298 Japan
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Lopci E, Castello A, Filippi L. Novelties from the Joint EANM/SNMMI/ANZSNM Guidelines on Immunotherapy. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2023; 38:211-215. [PMID: 36730788 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2022.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, the implementation of immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors has determined a major change in the management of oncological patients. The challenges associated to the new therapeutic regimen have promoted adapted criteria for response assessment to interpret imaging findings and atypical patterns of response. Parallel to the new morphological criteria, also 18fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission/computed tomography imaging has required novel approaches and specific guidelines on how to perform, interpret, and report the scan in patients with solid tumors under immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy. A summary of the novelties related to the new joint international European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM)/Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI)/Australian and New Zealand Society of Nuclear Medicine (ANZSNM) guidelines on immunotherapy is provided herein to elucidate most critical aspects in image interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egesta Lopci
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS-Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Angelo Castello
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Filippi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy
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19
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Evangelista L, Bianchi A, Annovazzi A, Sciuto R, Di Traglia S, Bauckneht M, Lanfranchi F, Morbelli S, Nappi AG, Ferrari C, Rubini G, Panareo S, Urso L, Bartolomei M, D’Arienzo D, Valente T, Rossetti V, Caroli P, Matteucci F, Aricò D, Bombaci M, Caponnetto D, Bertagna F, Albano D, Dondi F, Gusella S, Spimpolo A, Carriere C, Balma M, Buschiazzo A, Gallicchio R, Storto G, Ruffini L, Cervati V, Ledda RE, Cervino AR, Cuppari L, Burei M, Trifirò G, Brugola E, Zanini CA, Alessi A, Fuoco V, Seregni E, Deandreis D, Liberini V, Moreci AM, Ialuna S, Pulizzi S, De Rimini ML. ITA-IMMUNO-PET: The Role of [18F]FDG PET/CT for Assessing Response to Immunotherapy in Patients with Some Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030878. [PMID: 36765835 PMCID: PMC9913289 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To examine the role of [18F]FDG PET/CT for assessing response to immunotherapy in patients with some solid tumors. METHODS Data recorded in a multicenter (n = 17), retrospective database between March and November 2021 were analyzed. The sample included patients with a confirmed diagnosis of a solid tumor who underwent serial [18F]FDG PET/CT (before and after one or more cycles of immunotherapy), who were >18 years of age, and had a follow-up of at least 12 months after their first PET/CT scan. Patients enrolled in clinical trials or without a confirmed diagnosis of cancer were excluded. The authors classified cases as having a complete or partial metabolic response to immunotherapy, or stable or progressive metabolic disease, based on a visual and semiquantitative analysis according to the EORTC criteria. Clinical response to immunotherapy was assessed at much the same time points as the serial PET scans, and both the obtained responses were compared. RESULTS The study concerned 311 patients (median age: 67; range: 31-89 years) in all. The most common neoplasm was lung cancer (56.9%), followed by malignant melanoma (32.5%). Nivolumab was administered in 46.3%, and pembrolizumab in 40.5% of patients. Baseline PET and a first PET scan performed at a median 3 months after starting immunotherapy were available for all 311 patients, while subsequent PET scans were obtained after a median 6, 12, 16, and 21 months for 199 (64%), 102 (33%), 46 (15%), and 23 (7%) patients, respectively. Clinical response to therapy was recorded at around the same time points after starting immunotherapy for 252 (81%), 173 (56%), 85 (27%), 40 (13%), and 22 (7%) patients, respectively. After a median 18 (1-137) months, 113 (36.3%) patients had died. On Kaplan-Meier analysis, metabolic responders on the first two serial PET scans showed a better prognosis than non-responders, while clinical response became prognostically informative from the second assessment after starting immunotherapy onwards. CONCLUSIONS [18F]FDG PET/CT could have a role in the assessment of response to immunotherapy in patients with some solid tumors. It can provide prognostic information and thus contribute to a patient's appropriate treatment. Prospective randomized controlled trials are mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Evangelista
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padua, 35129 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Bianchi
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, ASO S.Croce e Carle Cuneo, 12100 Cuneo, Italy
| | - Alessio Annovazzi
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Sciuto
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Traglia
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Bauckneht
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Lanfranchi
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Morbelli
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Giulia Nappi
- Section of Nuclear Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Cristina Ferrari
- Section of Nuclear Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rubini
- Section of Nuclear Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Stefano Panareo
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Urso
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mirco Bartolomei
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Davide D’Arienzo
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Dept Servizi Sanitari, AORN Ospedali dei Colli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Tullio Valente
- Radiology Department, AORN Ospedali dei Colli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Virginia Rossetti
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST), 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Paola Caroli
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST), 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Federica Matteucci
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST), 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Demetrio Aricò
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Humanitas Istituto Clinico Catanese, 95045 Misterbianco, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Bombaci
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Humanitas Istituto Clinico Catanese, 95045 Misterbianco, Italy
| | - Domenica Caponnetto
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Humanitas Istituto Clinico Catanese, 95045 Misterbianco, Italy
| | | | - Domenico Albano
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Dondi
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Gusella
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Central Hospital Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), 39100 Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
| | - Alessandro Spimpolo
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Central Hospital Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), 39100 Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
| | - Cinzia Carriere
- Dermatology Department, Central Hospital Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), 39100 Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
| | - Michele Balma
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, ASO S.Croce e Carle Cuneo, 12100 Cuneo, Italy
| | - Ambra Buschiazzo
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, ASO S.Croce e Carle Cuneo, 12100 Cuneo, Italy
| | - Rosj Gallicchio
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS CROB Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Giovanni Storto
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS CROB Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Livia Ruffini
- Nuclear Medicine Division, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Veronica Cervati
- Nuclear Medicine Division, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Roberta Eufrasia Ledda
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Radiological Sciences, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Cervino
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Veneto Institute Of Oncology IOV—IRCSS, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Lea Cuppari
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Veneto Institute Of Oncology IOV—IRCSS, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Marta Burei
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Veneto Institute Of Oncology IOV—IRCSS, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Trifirò
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, ICS MAUGERI SPA SB—IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessandra Alessi
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Fuoco
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Ettore Seregni
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Désirée Deandreis
- Nuclear Medicine Division, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Virginia Liberini
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, ASO S.Croce e Carle Cuneo, 12100 Cuneo, Italy
- Nuclear Medicine Division, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Antonino Maria Moreci
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Az. Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello di Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Ialuna
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Az. Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello di Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Sabina Pulizzi
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Az. Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello di Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa De Rimini
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Dept Servizi Sanitari, AORN Ospedali dei Colli, 80131 Naples, Italy
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20
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Tang S, Zhang Y, Li Y, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Ding H, Chen Y, Ren P, Ye H, Fu S, Lin S. Predictive value of 18F-FDG PET/CT for evaluating the response to hypofractionated radiotherapy combined with PD-1 blockade in non-small cell lung cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1034416. [PMID: 36860861 PMCID: PMC9969129 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1034416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This retrospective study aimed to investigate 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG)-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) as a predictor of response to hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) combined with programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) blockade for lung cancer. Methods We included 41 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in this study. PET/CT was performed before (SCAN-0) and one month (SCAN-1), three months (SCAN-2), and six months (SCAN-3) after treatment. Using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer 1999 criteria and PET response criteria in solid tumors, treatment responses were classified as complete metabolic response (CMR), partial metabolic response (PMR), stable metabolic disease (SMD), or progressive metabolic disease (PMD). Patients were further categorized as those with metabolic benefits (MB; SMD, PMR, and CMR) and those without MBs (NO-MB; PMD). We analyzed the prognosis and overall survival (OS) of patients with new visceral/bone lesions during treatment. Based on the findings, we generated a nomogram to predict survival. Receiver operating characteristics and calibration curves were used to evaluate the accuracy of the prediction model. Results The mean OS based on SCANs 1, 2, and 3 was significantly higher in patients with MB and those without new visceral/bone lesions. The prediction nomogram for survival had a high area under the curve and a high predictive value based on the receiver operating characteristics and calibration curves. Conclusion 18FDG-PET/CT has the potential to predict the outcomes of HFRT combined with PD-1 blockade in NSCLC. Therefore, we recommend using a nomogram to predict patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Tang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Guangyuan, Guangyuan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The People's Hospital of Luzhou, Luzhou, China
| | - Yunfei Li
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuke Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Haoyuan Ding
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Peirong Ren
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hua Ye
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shaozhi Fu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Sheng Lin
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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21
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Lopci E, Aide N, Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss A, Dercle L, Iravani A, Seban RD, Sachpekidis C, Humbert O, Gheysens O, Glaudemans AWJM, Weber WA, Van den Abbeele AD, Wahl RL, Scott AM, Pandit-Taskar N, Hicks RJ. Perspectives on joint EANM/SNMMI/ANZSNM practice guidelines/procedure standards for [ 18F]FDG PET/CT imaging during immunomodulatory treatments in patients with solid tumors. Cancer Imaging 2022; 22:73. [PMID: 36539908 PMCID: PMC9769012 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-022-00512-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Response assessment in the context of immunomodulatory treatments represents a major challenge for the medical imaging community and requires a multidisciplinary approach with involvement of oncologists, radiologists, and nuclear medicine specialists. There is evolving evidence that [18F]FDG PET/CT is a useful diagnostic modality for this purpose. The clinical indications for, and the principal aspects of its standardization in this context have been detailed in the recently published "Joint EANM/SNMMI/ANZSNM practice guidelines/procedure standards on recommended use of [18F]FDG PET/CT imaging during immunomodulatory treatments in patients with solid tumors version 1.0". These recommendations arose from a fruitful collaboration between international nuclear medicine societies and experts in cancer treatment. In this perspective, the key elements of the initiative are reported, summarizing the core aspects of the guidelines for radiologists and nuclear medicine physicians. Beyond the previous guidelines, this perspective adds further commentary on how this technology can advance development of novel therapeutic approaches and guide management of individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Lopci
- grid.417728.f0000 0004 1756 8807Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS – Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, MI Italy
| | - N. Aide
- grid.411149.80000 0004 0472 0160Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital, Caen, France ,grid.460771.30000 0004 1785 9671INSERM ANTICIPE, Normandie University, Caen, France
| | - A. Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss
- grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69210 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L. Dercle
- grid.239585.00000 0001 2285 2675Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - A. Iravani
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Radiology, The University of Washington, Seattle, USA ,grid.270240.30000 0001 2180 1622Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA
| | - R. D. Seban
- grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Institut Curie, 92210 Saint-Cloud, France ,Laboratoire d’Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Inserm, Institut Curie, 91401 Orsay, France
| | - C. Sachpekidis
- grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69210 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - O. Humbert
- grid.460782.f0000 0004 4910 6551Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Antoine-Lacassagne, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France ,grid.460782.f0000 0004 4910 6551TIRO-UMR E 4320, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - O. Gheysens
- grid.48769.340000 0004 0461 6320Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - A. W. J. M. Glaudemans
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Nuclear Medical Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - W. A. Weber
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - A. D. Van den Abbeele
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Imaging, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Radiology, Mass General Brigham Hospitals, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - R. L. Wahl
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - A. M. Scott
- grid.410678.c0000 0000 9374 3516Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Studley Rd, Heidelberg, VIC 3084 Australia ,grid.482637.cOlivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XFaculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia ,grid.1018.80000 0001 2342 0938School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - N. Pandit-Taskar
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065 USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XWeill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - R. J. Hicks
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XThe Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s Medical School, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Tankyevych O, Trousset F, Latappy C, Berraho M, Dutilh J, Tasu JP, Lamour C, Cheze Le Rest C. Development of Radiomic-Based Model to Predict Clinical Outcomes in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235931. [PMID: 36497415 PMCID: PMC9739232 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We aimed to assess the ability of radiomics features extracted from baseline (PET/CT0) and follow-up PET/CT scans, as well as their evolution (delta-radiomics), to predict clinical outcome (durable clinical benefit (DCB), progression, response to therapy, OS and PFS) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with immunotherapy. Methods: 83 NSCLC patients treated with immunotherapy who underwent a baseline PET/CT were retrospectively included. Response was assessed at 6−8 weeks (PET/CT1) using PERCIST criteria and at 3 months with iPERCIST (PET/CT2) or RECIST 1.1 criteria using CT. The predictive performance of clinical parameters (CP), standard PET metrics (SUV, Metabolic Tumor volume, Total Lesion Glycolysis), delta-radiomics and PET and CT radiomics features extracted at baseline and during follow-up were studied. Seven multivariate models with different combinations of CP and radiomics were trained on a subset of patients (75%) using least absolute shrinkage, selection operator (LASSO) and random forest classification with 10-fold cross-validation to predict outcome. Model validation was performed on the remaining patients (25%). Overall and progression-free survival was also performed by Kaplan−Meier survival analysis. Results: Numerous radiomics and delta-radiomics parameters had a high individual predictive value of patient outcome with areas under receiver operating characteristics curves (AUCs) >0.80. Their performance was superior to that of CP and standard PET metrics. Several multivariate models were also promising, especially for the prediction of progression (AUCs of 1 and 0.96 for the training and testing subsets with the PET-CT model (PET/CT0)) or DCB (AUCs of 0.85 and 0.83 with the PET-CT-CP model (PET/CT0)). Conclusions: Delta-radiomics and radiomics features extracted from baseline and follow-up PET/CT images could predict outcome in NSCLC patients treated with immunotherapy and identify patients who would benefit from this new standard. These data reinforce the rationale for the use of advanced image analysis of PET/CT scans to further improve personalized treatment management in advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Tankyevych
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Poitiers University Hospital, 86000 Poitiers, France
- LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Flora Trousset
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Poitiers University Hospital, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Claire Latappy
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Poitiers University Hospital, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Moran Berraho
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Poitiers University Hospital, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Julien Dutilh
- Oncology Department, Poitiers University Hospital, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Jean Pierre Tasu
- LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, 29200 Brest, France
- Medical School, University of Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
- Radiology Department, Poitiers University Hospital, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Corinne Lamour
- Oncology Department, Poitiers University Hospital, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Catherine Cheze Le Rest
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Poitiers University Hospital, 86000 Poitiers, France
- LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, 29200 Brest, France
- Medical School, University of Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
- Correspondence:
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23
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Litière S, Bogaerts J. Imaging endpoints for clinical trial use: a RECIST perspective. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-005092. [PMID: 36424032 PMCID: PMC9693866 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty years after its initial introduction, Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) remains today a unique standardized tool allowing uniform objective evaluation of response in solid tumors in clinical trials across different treatment indications. Several attempts have been made to update or replace RECIST, but none have realized the general traction or uptake seen with RECIST. This communication provides an overview of some challenges faced by RECIST in the rapidly changing oncology landscape, including the incorporation of PET with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose tracer as a tool for response assessment and the validation of criteria for use in trials involving immunotherapeutics. The latter has mainly been slow due to lack of data sharing. Work is ongoing to try to address this.We also aim to share our view as statistician representatives on the RECIST Working Group on what would be needed to validate new imaging endpoints for clinical trial use, with a specific focus on RECIST. Whether this could lead to an update of RECIST or replace RECIST altogether, depends on the changes being proposed. The ultimate goal remains to have a well defined, repeatable, confirmable and objective standard as provided by RECIST today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Litière
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jan Bogaerts
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium
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24
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Cui Y, Lin Y, Zhao Z, Long H, Zheng L, Lin X. Comprehensive 18F-FDG PET-based radiomics in elevating the pathological response to neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy for resectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer: A pilot study. Front Immunol 2022; 13:994917. [PMID: 36466929 PMCID: PMC9713843 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.994917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a comprehensive PET radiomics model to predict the pathological response after neoadjuvant toripalimab with chemotherapy in resectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. METHODS Stage III NSCLC patients who received three cycles of neoadjuvant toripalimab with chemotherapy and underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT were enrolled. Baseline 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed before treatment, and preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed three weeks after the completion of neoadjuvant treatment. Surgical resection was performed 4-5 weeks after the completion of neoadjuvant treatment. Standardized uptake value (SUV) statistics features and radiomics features were derived from baseline and preoperative PET images. Delta features were derived. The radiologic response and metabolic response were assessed by iRECIST and iPERCIST, respectively. The correlations between PD-L1 expression, driver-gene status, peripheral blood biomarkers, and the pathological responses (complete pathological response [CPR]; major pathological response [MPR]) were assessed. Associations between PET features and pathological responses were evaluated by logistic regression. RESULTS Thirty patients underwent surgery and 29 of them performed preoperative PET/CT. Twenty patients achieved MPR and 16 of them achieved CPR. In univariate analysis, five SUV statistics features and two radiomics features were significantly associated with pathological responses. In multi-variate analysis, SUVmax, SUVpeak, SULpeak, and End-PET-GLDM-LargeDependenceHighGrayLevelEmphasis (End-GLDM-LDHGLE) were independently associated with CPR. SUVpeak and SULpeak performed better than SUVmax and SULmax for MPR prediction. No significant correlation, neither between the radiologic response and the pathological response, nor among PD-L1, driver gene status, and baseline PET features was found. Inflammatory response biomarkers by peripheral blood showed no difference in different treatment responses. CONCLUSION The logistic regression model using comprehensive PET features contributed to predicting the pathological response after neoadjuvant toripalimab with chemotherapy in resectable stage III NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingpu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaobin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zerui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Long
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lie Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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Liu X, Pan L, Wang K, Pan W, Li N, Tang B. Imaging strategies for monitoring the immune response. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12957-12970. [PMID: 36425502 PMCID: PMC9667917 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03446h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of the immune response can be used to evaluate the immune status of the body and to distinguish immune responders and non-responders, so as to better guide immunotherapy. Through direct labelling of immune cells and imaging specific biomarkers of different cells, the activation status of immune cells and immunosuppressive status of tumor cells can be visualized. The immunotherapeutic regimen can then be adjusted accordingly in a timely manner to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy. In this review, various imaging methods, immune-related imaging probes, current challenges and opportunities are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Limeng Pan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Kaiye Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Wei Pan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
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Maggadóttir SM, Kvalheim G, Wernhoff P, Sæbøe-Larssen S, Revheim ME, Josefsen D, Wälchli S, Helland Å, Inderberg EM. A phase I/II escalation trial design T-RAD: Treatment of metastatic lung cancer with mRNA-engineered T cells expressing a T cell receptor targeting human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). Front Oncol 2022; 12:1031232. [PMID: 36439452 PMCID: PMC9685610 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1031232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) with genetically modified T cells aims to redirect T cells against resistant cancers through introduction of a T cell receptor (TCR). The Radium-4 TCR was isolated from a responding patient in a cancer vaccination study and recognizes the enzymatic component of human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) presented on MHC class II (HLA-DP04). hTERT is a constitutively overexpressed tumor-associated antigen present in most human cancers, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which is the second most common type of cancer worldwide. Treatment alternatives for relapsing NSCLC are limited and survival is poor. To improve patient outcome we designed a TCR-based ACT study targeting hTERT. Methods T-RAD is a phase I/II study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Radium-4 mRNA electroporated autologous T cells in the treatment of metastatic NSCLC with no other treatment option. Transient TCR expression is applied for safety considerations. Participants receive two intravenous injections with escalating doses of redirected T cells weekly for 6 consecutive weeks. Primary objectives are safety and tolerability. Secondary objectives include progression-free survival, time to progression, overall survival, patient reported outcomes and overall radiological response. Discussion Treatment for metastatic NSCLC is scarce and new personalized treatment options are in high demand. hTERT is a tumor target applicable to numerous cancer types. This proof-of-concept study will explore for the first time the safety and efficacy of TCR mRNA electroporated autologous T cells targeting hTERT. The T-RAD study will thus evaluate an attractive candidate for future immunotherapy of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sólrún Melkorka Maggadóttir
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Section for Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnar Kvalheim
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Section for Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Patrik Wernhoff
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stein Sæbøe-Larssen
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Section for Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Dag Josefsen
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Section for Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sébastien Wälchli
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Section for Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Åslaug Helland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Else Marit Inderberg
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Section for Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Else Marit Inderberg,
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Berz AM, Dromain C, Vietti-Violi N, Boughdad S, Duran R. Tumor response assessment on imaging following immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:982983. [PMID: 36387133 PMCID: PMC9641095 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.982983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, various systemic immunotherapies have been developed for cancer treatment, such as monoclonal antibodies (mABs) directed against immune checkpoints (immune checkpoint inhibitors, ICIs), oncolytic viruses, cytokines, cancer vaccines, and adoptive cell transfer. While being estimated to be eligible in 38.5% of patients with metastatic solid or hematological tumors, ICIs, in particular, demonstrate durable disease control across many oncologic diseases (e.g., in melanoma, lung, bladder, renal, head, and neck cancers) and overall survival benefits. Due to their unique mechanisms of action based on T-cell activation, response to immunotherapies is characterized by different patterns, such as progression prior to treatment response (pseudoprogression), hyperprogression, and dissociated responses following treatment. Because these features are not encountered in the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 (RECIST 1.1), which is the standard for response assessment in oncology, new criteria were defined for immunotherapies. The most important changes in these new morphologic criteria are, firstly, the requirement for confirmatory imaging examinations in case of progression, and secondly, the appearance of new lesions is not necessarily considered a progressive disease. Until today, five morphologic (immune-related response criteria (irRC), immune-related RECIST (irRECIST), immune RECIST (iRECIST), immune-modified RECIST (imRECIST), and intra-tumoral RECIST (itRECIST)) criteria have been developed to accurately assess changes in target lesion sizes, taking into account the specific response patterns after immunotherapy. In addition to morphologic response criteria, 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) is a promising option for metabolic response assessment and four metabolic criteria are used (PET/CT Criteria for Early Prediction of Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy (PECRIT), PET Response Evaluation Criteria for Immunotherapy (PERCIMT), immunotherapy-modified PET Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (imPERCIST5), and immune PERCIST (iPERCIST)). Besides, there is evidence that parameters on 18F-FDG-PET/CT, such as the standardized uptake value (SUV)max and several radiotracers, e.g., directed against PD-L1, may be potential imaging biomarkers of response. Moreover, the emerge of human intratumoral immunotherapy (HIT-IT), characterized by the direct injection of immunostimulatory agents into a tumor lesion, has given new importance to imaging assessment. This article reviews the specific imaging patterns of tumor response and progression and available imaging response criteria following immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia M. Berz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Clarisse Dromain
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Naïk Vietti-Violi
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Boughdad
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rafael Duran
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Gao Y, Wu C, Chen X, Ma L, Zhang X, Chen J, Liao X, Liu M. PET/CT molecular imaging in the era of immune-checkpoint inhibitors therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1049043. [PMID: 36341331 PMCID: PMC9630646 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1049043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 04/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, especially immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has paved a new way for the treatment of many types of malignancies, particularly advanced-stage cancers. Accumulating evidence suggests that as a molecular imaging modality, positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) can play a vital role in the management of ICIs therapy by using different molecular probes and metabolic parameters. In this review, we will provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical data to support the importance of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT (18F-FDG PET/CT) imaging in the treatment of ICIs, including the evaluation of the tumor microenvironment, discovery of immune-related adverse events, evaluation of therapeutic efficacy, and prediction of therapeutic prognosis. We also discuss perspectives on the development direction of 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging, with a particular emphasis on possible challenges in the future. In addition, we summarize the researches on novel PET molecular probes that are expected to potentially promote the precise application of ICIs.
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29
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Crombé A, Roulleau‐Dugage M, Italiano A. The diagnosis, classification, and treatment of sarcoma in this era of artificial intelligence and immunotherapy. CANCER COMMUNICATIONS (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 42:1288-1313. [PMID: 36260064 PMCID: PMC9759765 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) represent a group of rare and heterogeneous tumors associated with several challenges, including incorrect or late diagnosis, the lack of clinical expertise, and limited therapeutic options. Digital pathology and radiomics represent transformative technologies that appear promising for improving the accuracy of cancer diagnosis, characterization and monitoring. Herein, we review the potential role of the application of digital pathology and radiomics in managing patients with STS. We have particularly described the main results and the limits of the studies using radiomics to refine diagnosis or predict the outcome of patients with soft-tissue sarcomas. We also discussed the current limitation of implementing radiomics in routine settings. Standard management approaches for STS have not improved since the early 1970s. Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment; nonetheless, immuno-oncology agents have not yet been approved for patients with STS. However, several lines of evidence indicate that immunotherapy may represent an efficient therapeutic strategy for this group of diseases. Thus, we emphasized the remarkable potential of immunotherapy in sarcoma treatment by focusing on recent data regarding the immune landscape of these tumors. We have particularly emphasized the fact that the development of immunotherapy for sarcomas is not an aspect of histology (except for alveolar soft-part sarcoma) but rather that of the tumor microenvironment. Future studies investigating immunotherapy strategies in sarcomas should incorporate at least the presence of tertiary lymphoid structures as a stratification factor in their design, besides including a strong translational program that will allow for a better understanding of the determinants involved in sensitivity and treatment resistance to immune-oncology agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Crombé
- Department of ImagingInstitut BergoniéBordeauxNouvelle‐AquitaineF‐33076France,Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BordeauxBordeauxNouvelle‐AquitaineF‐33000France
| | | | - Antoine Italiano
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BordeauxBordeauxNouvelle‐AquitaineF‐33000France,Early Phase Trials and Sarcoma UnitInstitut BergoniéBordeauxNouvelle‐AquitaineF‐33076France
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Sachpekidis C, Hassel JC, Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss A. Adverse effects under immune checkpoint inhibitors on [18F]FDG PET/CT imaging. THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE ITALIAN ASSOCIATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (AIMN) [AND] THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RADIOPHARMACOLOGY (IAR), [AND] SECTION OF THE SOCIETY OF... 2022; 66:245-254. [PMID: 35612369 DOI: 10.23736/s1824-4785.22.03453-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite their undisputed contribution to the management of various tumors and the prolongation of patient survival, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) exert their effect at the cost of toxicity. In the context of the activation of the host immune system triggered by ICIs, collateral, inflammatory side effects, commonly addressed as immune-related adverse events (irAEs) often occur. Early detection of irAEs can be critical for adequate decisions on patient management that may subsequently improve patient outcome. Moreover, the emergence of irAEs has been linked with the antitumor effect elicited by ICIs, thus, their identification may potentially provide prognostic information. Although the diagnosis of irAEs is mainly clinical, some adverse events may be asymptomatic and only diagnosed by imaging modalities. At the same time, radiological signs of irAEs are not necessarily associated with clinical symptoms, however, clinicians should be alerted to their presence. Among imaging modalities [18F]FDG PET/CT has shown satisfying efficiency in response assessment and monitoring of ICIs' treatment, especially in patients suffering from metastatic melanoma and lung cancer. In this context, [18F]FDG PET/CT may also be a valuable method for surveillance of irAEs during immunotherapy. This article aims to review the most common adverse events observed on [18F]FDG PET/CT under immunotherapy and summarize potential results linking PET signs of irAEs with response assessment to ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Sachpekidis
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany -
| | - Jessica C Hassel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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31
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Saadani H, Aalbersberg EA, Schats W, Hoekstra OS, Stokkel MPM, de Vet HCW. Comparing [18F]FDG PET/CT response criteria in melanoma and lung cancer patients treated with immunotherapy: a systematic review. Clin Transl Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-022-00522-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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32
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Monitoring of Current Cancer Therapy by Positron Emission Tomography and Possible Role of Radiomics Assessment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169394. [PMID: 36012657 PMCID: PMC9409366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of cancer therapy with imaging is crucial as a surrogate marker of effectiveness and survival. The unique response patterns to therapy with immune-checkpoint inhibitors have facilitated the revision of response evaluation criteria using FDG-PET, because the immune response recalls reactive cells such as activated T-cells and macrophages, which show increased glucose metabolism and apparent progression on morphological imaging. Cellular metabolism and function are critical determinants of the viability of active cells in the tumor microenvironment, which would be novel targets of therapies, such as tumor immunity, metabolism, and genetic mutation. Considering tumor heterogeneity and variation in therapy response specific to the mechanisms of therapy, appropriate response evaluation is required. Radiomics approaches, which combine objective image features with a machine learning algorithm as well as pathologic and genetic data, have remarkably progressed over the past decade, and PET radiomics has increased quality and reliability based on the prosperous publications and standardization initiatives. PET and multimodal imaging will play a definitive role in personalized therapeutic strategies by the precise monitoring in future cancer therapy.
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33
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van de Donk PP, Oosting SF, Knapen DG, van der Wekken AJ, Brouwers AH, Lub-de Hooge MN, de Groot DJA, de Vries EG. Molecular imaging to support cancer immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-004949. [PMID: 35922089 PMCID: PMC9352987 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors has reinvigorated the field of immuno-oncology. These monoclonal antibody-based therapies allow the immune system to recognize and eliminate malignant cells. This has resulted in improved survival of patients across several tumor types. However, not all patients respond to immunotherapy therefore predictive biomarkers are important. There are only a few Food and Drug Administration-approved biomarkers to select patients for immunotherapy. These biomarkers do not consider the heterogeneity of tumor characteristics across lesions within a patient. New molecular imaging tracers allow for whole-body visualization with positron emission tomography (PET) of tumor and immune cell characteristics, and drug distribution, which might guide treatment decision making. Here, we summarize recent developments in molecular imaging of immune checkpoint molecules, such as PD-L1, PD-1, CTLA-4, and LAG-3. We discuss several molecular imaging approaches of immune cell subsets and briefly summarize the role of FDG-PET for evaluating cancer immunotherapy. The main focus is on developments in clinical molecular imaging studies, next to preclinical studies of interest given their potential translation to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pim P van de Donk
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoukje F Oosting
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daan G Knapen
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anthonie J van der Wekken
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adrienne H Brouwers
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn N Lub-de Hooge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Derk-Jan A de Groot
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Ge de Vries
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Hughes DJ, Subesinghe M, Taylor B, Bille A, Spicer J, Papa S, Goh V, Cook GJR. 18F FDG PET/CT and Novel Molecular Imaging for Directing Immunotherapy in Cancer. Radiology 2022; 304:246-264. [PMID: 35762888 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.212481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has transformed the treatment landscape of many cancers, with durable responses in disease previously associated with a poor prognosis. Patient selection remains a challenge, with predictive biomarkers an urgent unmet clinical need. Current predictive biomarkers, including programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) (measured with immunohistochemistry), are imperfect. Promising biomarkers, including tumor mutation burden and tumor infiltrating lymphocyte density, fail to consistently predict response and have yet to translate to routine clinical practice. Heterogeneity of immune response within and between lesions presents a further challenge where fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT has a potential role in assessing response, stratifying treatment, and detecting and monitoring immune-related toxicities. Novel radiopharmaceuticals also present a unique opportunity to define the immune tumor microenvironment to better predict which patients may respond to therapy, for example by means of in vivo whole-body PD-L1 and CD8+ T cell expression imaging. In addition, longitudinal molecular imaging may help further define dynamic changes, particularly in cases of immunotherapy resistance, helping to direct a more personalized therapeutic approach. This review highlights current and emerging applications of molecular imaging to stratify, predict, and monitor molecular dynamics and treatment response in areas of clinical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Hughes
- From the Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, London SE1 7EH, UK (D.J.H., M.S., V.G., G.J.R.C.); King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas' PET Centre, London, UK (D.J.H., M.S., G.J.R.C.); Comprehensive Cancer Centre (B.T., A.B.), Department of Thoracic Surgery (A.B.), and Department of Radiology (V.G.), Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; and School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK (J.S., S.P.)
| | - Manil Subesinghe
- From the Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, London SE1 7EH, UK (D.J.H., M.S., V.G., G.J.R.C.); King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas' PET Centre, London, UK (D.J.H., M.S., G.J.R.C.); Comprehensive Cancer Centre (B.T., A.B.), Department of Thoracic Surgery (A.B.), and Department of Radiology (V.G.), Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; and School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK (J.S., S.P.)
| | - Benjamin Taylor
- From the Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, London SE1 7EH, UK (D.J.H., M.S., V.G., G.J.R.C.); King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas' PET Centre, London, UK (D.J.H., M.S., G.J.R.C.); Comprehensive Cancer Centre (B.T., A.B.), Department of Thoracic Surgery (A.B.), and Department of Radiology (V.G.), Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; and School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK (J.S., S.P.)
| | - Andrea Bille
- From the Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, London SE1 7EH, UK (D.J.H., M.S., V.G., G.J.R.C.); King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas' PET Centre, London, UK (D.J.H., M.S., G.J.R.C.); Comprehensive Cancer Centre (B.T., A.B.), Department of Thoracic Surgery (A.B.), and Department of Radiology (V.G.), Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; and School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK (J.S., S.P.)
| | - James Spicer
- From the Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, London SE1 7EH, UK (D.J.H., M.S., V.G., G.J.R.C.); King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas' PET Centre, London, UK (D.J.H., M.S., G.J.R.C.); Comprehensive Cancer Centre (B.T., A.B.), Department of Thoracic Surgery (A.B.), and Department of Radiology (V.G.), Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; and School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK (J.S., S.P.)
| | - Sophie Papa
- From the Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, London SE1 7EH, UK (D.J.H., M.S., V.G., G.J.R.C.); King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas' PET Centre, London, UK (D.J.H., M.S., G.J.R.C.); Comprehensive Cancer Centre (B.T., A.B.), Department of Thoracic Surgery (A.B.), and Department of Radiology (V.G.), Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; and School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK (J.S., S.P.)
| | - Vicky Goh
- From the Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, London SE1 7EH, UK (D.J.H., M.S., V.G., G.J.R.C.); King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas' PET Centre, London, UK (D.J.H., M.S., G.J.R.C.); Comprehensive Cancer Centre (B.T., A.B.), Department of Thoracic Surgery (A.B.), and Department of Radiology (V.G.), Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; and School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK (J.S., S.P.)
| | - Gary J R Cook
- From the Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, London SE1 7EH, UK (D.J.H., M.S., V.G., G.J.R.C.); King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas' PET Centre, London, UK (D.J.H., M.S., G.J.R.C.); Comprehensive Cancer Centre (B.T., A.B.), Department of Thoracic Surgery (A.B.), and Department of Radiology (V.G.), Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; and School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK (J.S., S.P.)
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Annovazzi A, Ferraresi V, De Rimini ML, Sciuto R. 18F-FDG PET/CT in the clinical-diagnostic workup of patients treated with immunotherapy: when and how? Clin Transl Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-022-00514-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18FDG PET Assessment of Therapeutic Response in Patients with Advanced or Metastatic Melanoma Treated with First-Line Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133190. [PMID: 35804963 PMCID: PMC9264956 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In a retrospective study of patients with advanced or metastatic melanoma treated with first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors, we investigated the value of metabolic criteria, PERCIST 5 (criteria used for conventional chemotherapy), and imPERCIST5 (criteria adapted for immunotherapy therapeutic evaluation). Responding patients according to both criteria had better overall survival than that of not-responding patients, with a 2 years OS of 91% versus 39%, respectively. Combining different approaches to assess response could help improve the confidence in the test aiming at evaluating the response to immunotherapy. Abstract Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are currently the first-line treatment for patients with metastatic melanoma. We investigated the value of positron emission tomography (PET) response criteria to assess the therapeutic response to first-line ICI in this clinical context and explore the potential contribution of total tumor metabolic volume (TMTV) analysis. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study in patients treated with first-line ICI for advanced or metastatic melanoma, with 18F-FDG PET/CT performed at baseline and 3 months after starting treatment. Patients’ metabolic response was classified according to PERCIST5 and imPERCIST 5 criteria. TMTV was recorded for each examination. Results: Twenty-nine patients were included. The median overall survival (OS) was 51.2 months (IQR 13.6—not reached), and the OS rate at 2 years was 58.6%. Patients classified as responders (complete and partial response) had a 90.9% 2-year OS rate versus 38.9% for non-responders (stable disease and progressive disease) (p = 0.03), for PERCIST5 and imPERCIST 5 criteria. The median change in metabolic volume was 9.8% (IQR −59–+140%). No significant correlation between OS and changes in TMTV was found. Conclusion: The evaluation of response to immunotherapy using metabolic imaging with PERCIST5 and imPERCIST5 was significantly associated with OS in patients with advanced or metastatic melanoma.
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Liu WL, Zhang YQ, Li LT, Zhu YY, Ming ZH, Chen WL, Yang RQ, Li RH, Chen M, Zhang GJ. Application of molecular imaging in immune checkpoints therapy: From response assessment to prognosis prediction. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 176:103746. [PMID: 35752425 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) represented by programmed cell death1 (PD-1) and its major ligands, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), has achieved significant success. Detection of PD-L1 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a classic method to guide the treatment of ICT patients. However, PD-L1 expression in the tumor microenvironment is highly complex. Thus, PD-L1 IHC is inadequate to fully understand the relevance of PD-L1 levels in the whole body and their dynamics to improve therapeutic outcomes. Intriguingly, numerous studies have revealed that molecular imaging technologies could potentially meet this need. Therefore, the purpose of this narrative review is to summarize the preclinical and clinical application of ICT guided by molecular imaging technology, and to explore the future opportunities and practical difficulties of these innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ling Liu
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Surgery and Cancer Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer (Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University), 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Endocrine Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Research Center of Clinical Medicine in Breast & Thyroid Cancers, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China
| | - Yong-Qu Zhang
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Surgery and Cancer Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer (Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University), 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Endocrine Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Research Center of Clinical Medicine in Breast & Thyroid Cancers, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China
| | - Liang-Tao Li
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Surgery and Cancer Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer (Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University), 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Endocrine Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Research Center of Clinical Medicine in Breast & Thyroid Cancers, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhu
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Surgery and Cancer Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer (Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University), 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Endocrine Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Research Center of Clinical Medicine in Breast & Thyroid Cancers, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China
| | - Zi-He Ming
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Surgery and Cancer Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer (Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University), 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Endocrine Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Research Center of Clinical Medicine in Breast & Thyroid Cancers, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei-Ling Chen
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Surgery and Cancer Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer (Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University), 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Endocrine Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Research Center of Clinical Medicine in Breast & Thyroid Cancers, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China
| | - Rui-Qin Yang
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Surgery and Cancer Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer (Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University), 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Endocrine Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Research Center of Clinical Medicine in Breast & Thyroid Cancers, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China
| | - Rong-Hui Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer (Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University), 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China
| | - Min Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer (Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University), 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Endocrine Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China.
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Surgery and Cancer Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer (Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University), 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Endocrine Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Research Center of Clinical Medicine in Breast & Thyroid Cancers, 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China; Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 4221 South Xiang'an Road, Xiamen, China.
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Lopci E, Hicks RJ, Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss A, Dercle L, Iravani A, Seban RD, Sachpekidis C, Humbert O, Gheysens O, Glaudemans AWJM, Weber W, Wahl RL, Scott AM, Pandit-Taskar N, Aide N. Joint EANM/SNMMI/ANZSNM practice guidelines/procedure standards on recommended use of [ 18F]FDG PET/CT imaging during immunomodulatory treatments in patients with solid tumors version 1.0. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:2323-2341. [PMID: 35376991 PMCID: PMC9165250 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05780-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this guideline/procedure standard is to assist nuclear medicine physicians, other nuclear medicine professionals, oncologists or other medical specialists for recommended use of [18F]FDG PET/CT in oncological patients undergoing immunotherapy, with special focus on response assessment in solid tumors. METHODS In a cooperative effort between the EANM, the SNMMI and the ANZSNM, clinical indications, recommended imaging procedures and reporting standards have been agreed upon and summarized in this joint guideline/procedure standard. CONCLUSIONS The field of immuno-oncology is rapidly evolving, and this guideline/procedure standard should not be seen as definitive, but rather as a guidance document standardizing the use and interpretation of [18F]FDG PET/CT during immunotherapy. Local variations to this guideline should be taken into consideration. PREAMBLE The European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) is a professional non-profit medical association founded in 1985 to facilitate worldwide communication among individuals pursuing clinical and academic excellence in nuclear medicine. The Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI) is an international scientific and professional organization founded in 1954 to promote science, technology and practical application of nuclear medicine. The Australian and New Zealand Society of Nuclear Medicine (ANZSNM), founded in 1969, represents the major professional society fostering the technical and professional development of nuclear medicine practice across Australia and New Zealand. It promotes excellence in the nuclear medicine profession through education, research and a commitment to the highest professional standards. EANM, SNMMI and ANZSNM members are physicians, technologists, physicists and scientists specialized in the research and clinical practice of nuclear medicine. All three societies will periodically put forth new standards/guidelines for nuclear medicine practice to help advance the science of nuclear medicine and improve service to patients. Existing standards/guidelines will be reviewed for revision or renewal, as appropriate, on their fifth anniversary or sooner, if indicated. Each standard/guideline, representing a policy statement by the EANM/SNMMI/ANZSNM, has undergone a thorough consensus process, entailing extensive review. These societies recognize that the safe and effective use of diagnostic nuclear medicine imaging requires particular training and skills, as described in each document. These standards/guidelines are educational tools designed to assist practitioners in providing appropriate and effective nuclear medicine care for patients. These guidelines are consensus documents based on current knowledge. They are not intended to be inflexible rules or requirements of practice, nor should they be used to establish a legal standard of care. For these reasons and those set forth below, the EANM, SNMMI and ANZSNM caution against the use of these standards/guidelines in litigation in which the clinical decisions of a practitioner are called into question. The ultimate judgment regarding the propriety of any specific procedure or course of action must be made by medical professionals considering the unique circumstances of each case. Thus, there is no implication that an action differing from what is laid out in the guidelines/procedure standards, standing alone, is below standard of care. To the contrary, a conscientious practitioner may responsibly adopt a course of action different from that set forth in the standards/guidelines when, in the reasonable judgment of the practitioner, such course of action is indicated by the condition of the patient, limitations of available resources or advances in knowledge or technology subsequent to publication of the guidelines/procedure standards. The practice of medicine involves not only the science, but also the art of dealing with the prevention, diagnosis, alleviation and treatment of disease. The variety and complexity of human conditions make it impossible for general guidelines to consistently allow for an accurate diagnosis to be reached or a particular treatment response to be predicted. Therefore, it should be recognized that adherence to these standards/ guidelines will not ensure a successful outcome. All that should be expected is that practitioners follow a reasonable course of action, based on their level of training, current knowledge, clinical practice guidelines, available resources and the needs/context of the patient being treated. The sole purpose of these guidelines is to assist practitioners in achieving this objective. The present guideline/procedure standard was developed collaboratively by the EANM, the SNMMI and the ANZSNM, with the support of international experts in the field. They summarize also the views of the Oncology and Theranostics and the Inflammation and Infection Committees of the EANM, as well as the procedure standards committee of the SNMMI, and reflect recommendations for which the EANM and SNMMI cannot be held responsible. The recommendations should be taken into the context of good practice of nuclear medicine and do not substitute for national and international legal or regulatory provisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lopci
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS - Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milano, Italy.
| | - R J Hicks
- The Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Medical School, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69210, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Dercle
- Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Iravani
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - R D Seban
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Institut Curie, 92210, Saint-Cloud, France
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Inserm, Institut Curie, 91401, Orsay, France
| | - C Sachpekidis
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69210, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - O Humbert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Antoine-Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
- TIRO-UMR E 4320, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - O Gheysens
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - A W J M Glaudemans
- Nuclear Medical Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - W Weber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - R L Wahl
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - A M Scott
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Studley Rd, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - N Pandit-Taskar
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave., New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - N Aide
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital, Caen, France
- INSERM ANTICIPE, Normandie University, Caen, France
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When artificial intelligence meets PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors: Population screening, response prediction and efficacy evaluation. Comput Biol Med 2022; 145:105499. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Beck M, Hartwich J, Eckstein M, Schmidt D, Gostian AO, Müller S, Rutzner S, Gaipl US, von der Grün J, Illmer T, Hautmann MG, Klautke G, Döscher J, Brunner T, Tamaskovics B, Hartmann A, Iro H, Kuwert T, Fietkau R, Hecht M, Semrau S. F18-FDG PET/CT imaging early predicts pathologic complete response to induction chemoimmunotherapy of locally advanced head and neck cancer: preliminary single-center analysis of the checkrad-cd8 trial. Ann Nucl Med 2022; 36:623-633. [PMID: 35534690 PMCID: PMC9226092 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-022-01744-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Aim In the CheckRad-CD8 trial patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell cancer are treated with a single cycle of induction chemo-immunotherapy (ICIT). Patients with pathological complete response (pCR) in the re-biopsy enter radioimmunotherapy. Our goal was to study the value of F-18-FDG PET/CT in the prediction of pCR after induction therapy. Methods Patients treated within the CheckRad-CD8 trial that additionally received FDG- PET/CT imaging at the following two time points were included: 3–14 days before (pre-ICIT) and 21–28 days after (post-ICIT) receiving ICIT. Tracer uptake in primary tumors (PT) and suspicious cervical lymph nodes (LN +) was measured using different quantitative parameters on EANM Research Ltd (EARL) accredited PET reconstructions. In addition, mean FDG uptake levels in lymphatic and hematopoietic organs were examined. Percent decrease (Δ) in FDG uptake was calculated for all parameters. Biopsy of the PT post-ICIT acquired after FDG-PET/CT served as reference. The cohort was divided in patients with pCR and residual tumor (ReTu). Results Thirty-one patients were included. In ROC analysis, ΔSUVmax PT performed best (AUC = 0.89) in predicting pCR (n = 17), with a decline of at least 60% (sensitivity, 0.77; specificity, 0.93). Residual SUVmax PT post-ICIT performed best in predicting ReTu (n = 14), at a cutpoint of 6.0 (AUC = 0.91; sensitivity, 0.86; specificity, 0.88). Combining two quantitative parameters (ΔSUVmax ≥ 50% and SUVmax PT post-ICIT ≤ 6.0) conferred a sensitivity of 0.81 and a specificity of 0.93 for determining pCR. Background activity in lymphatic organs or uptake in suspected cervical lymph node metastases lacked significant predictive value. Conclusion FDG-PET/CT can identify patients with pCR after ICIT via residual FDG uptake levels in primary tumors and the related changes compared to baseline. FDG-uptake in LN + had no predictive value. Trial registry ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03426657.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Beck
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany.
| | - J Hartwich
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - M Eckstein
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - D Schmidt
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - A O Gostian
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - S Müller
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - S Rutzner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - U S Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - J von der Grün
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - T Illmer
- Medical Oncology Clinic Dresden Freiberg, Dresden, Saxony, Germany
| | - M G Hautmann
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Bayern, Germany
| | - G Klautke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chemnitz Hospital, Chemnitz, Sachsen, Germany
| | - J Döscher
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - T Brunner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Otto Von Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany
| | - B Tamaskovics
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - A Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - H Iro
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - T Kuwert
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - R Fietkau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - M Hecht
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - S Semrau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
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Guan Y, Feng D, Yin B, Li K, Wang J. Immune-related dissociated response as a specific atypical response pattern in solid tumors with immune checkpoint blockade. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2022; 14:17588359221096877. [PMID: 35547094 PMCID: PMC9083034 DOI: 10.1177/17588359221096877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade using immune checkpoint inhibitors, including cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen–4 and programmed cell death protein-1/programmed cell death ligand–1 inhibitors, has revolutionized systematic treatment for advanced solid tumors, with unprecedented survival benefit and tolerable toxicity. Nivolumab, pembrolizumab, cemiplimab, avelumab, durvalumab, atezolizumab, and ipilimumab are currently approved standard treatment options for various human cancer types. The response rate to immune checkpoint inhibitors, however, is unsatisfactory, and unexpectedly, atypical radiological responses, including delayed responses, pseudoprogression, hyperprogression, and dissociated responses (DRs), are observed in a small subgroup of patients. The benefit of immunotherapy for advanced patients who exhibit atypical responses is underestimated according to the conventional response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST). In particular, DR is considered a mixed radiological or heterogeneous response pattern when responding and nonresponding lesions or new lesions coexist simultaneously. The rate of DR reported in different studies encompass a wide range of 3.3–47.8% based on diverse definition of DR. Although DR is also associated with treatment efficacy and a favorable prognosis, it is different from pseudoprogression, which has concordant progressive lesions and can be regularly captured by immune RECIST. This review article aims to comprehensively determine the frequency, definition, radiological evaluation, probable molecular mechanisms, prognosis, and clinical management of immune-related DR and help clinicians and radiologists objectively and correctly interpret this specific atypical response and better understand and manage cancer patients with immunotherapy and guarantee their best clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Guan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Dongfeng Feng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Beibei Yin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of PET/CT, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, No. 16766, Jingshi Road, Jinan 250014, China
- Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, China
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Léger MA, Routy B, Juneau D. FDG PET/CT for Evaluation of Immunotherapy Response in Lung Cancer Patients. Semin Nucl Med 2022; 52:707-719. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Marcus C, Tajmir SH, Rowe SP, Sheikhbahaei S, Solnes LB. 18F-FDG PET/CT for Response Assessment in Lung Cancer. Semin Nucl Med 2022; 52:662-672. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Filippi L, Bianconi F, Schillaci O, Spanu A, Palumbo B. The Role and Potential of 18F-FDG PET/CT in Malignant Melanoma: Prognostication, Monitoring Response to Targeted and Immunotherapy, and Radiomics. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12040929. [PMID: 35453977 PMCID: PMC9028862 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12040929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel therapeutic approaches, consisting of immune check-point inhibitors (ICIs) and molecularly targeted therapy, have thoroughly changed the clinical management of malignant melanoma (MM), the most frequent and deadly skin cancer. Since only 30–40% of MM patients respond to ICIs, imaging biomarkers suitable for the pre-therapeutic stratification and response assessment are warmly welcome. In this scenario, positron emission computed tomography (PET/CT) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) has been successfully utilized for advanced MM staging and therapy response evaluation. Furthermore, several PET-derived parameters (SUVmax, MTV, TLG) were particularly impactful for the prognostic evaluation of patients submitted to targeted and immunotherapy. In this review, we performed a web-based and desktop research on the clinical applications of 18F-FDG PET/CT in MM, with a particular emphasis on the various metabolic criteria developed for interpreting PET/CT scan in patients undergoing immunotherapy or targeted therapy or a combination of both. Furthermore, the emerging role of radiomics, a quantitative approach to medical imaging applying analysis methodology derived by the field of artificial intelligence, was examined in the peculiar context, putting a particular emphasis on the potential of this discipline to support clinicians in the delicate process of building patient-tailored pathways of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Filippi
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, “Santa Maria Goretti” Hospital, Via Antonio Canova, 04100 Latina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-077-3655-3591
| | - Francesco Bianconi
- Department of Engineering, Università Degli Studi di Perugia, Via Goffredo Duranti 93, 06135 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Orazio Schillaci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Angela Spanu
- Unit of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Barbara Palumbo
- Section of Nuclear Medicine and Health Physics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Degli Studi di Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy;
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Yao Y, Zhou X, Zhang A, Ma X, Zhu H, Yang Z, Li N. The role of PET molecular imaging in immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in lung cancer: Precision medicine and visual monitoring. Eur J Radiol 2022; 149:110200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2022.110200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Gupta M, Choudhury PS, Jain P, Sharma M, Koyyala VPB, Goyal S, Agarwal C, Jajodia A, Pasricha S, Sharma A, Batra U. Molecular Response Assessment with Immune Adaptive PERCIST in Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Nivolumab: Is It Better Than iRECIST? World J Nucl Med 2022; 21:34-43. [PMID: 35502277 PMCID: PMC9056126 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1744201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims
We compared the immune response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (iRECIST) with immune adaptive positron emission tomography response criteria in solid tumors (imPERCIST) in lung cancer patients treated with nivolumab.
Materials and Methods
Twenty lung cancer patients underwent fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) scan at baseline (PET-0), after four cycles (PET-1) and six to eight cycles (PET-2) of nivolumab were included. Kappa coefficient (
k
) was derived to see the level of agreement in two response criteria. Progression-free survival (PFS) curves were computed by the Kaplan–Meier method and compared with the Log Rank test. Univariate and multivariate regression for the percentage change in the sum of diameters (SoD), standard uptake value maximum (SUVmax), sum of metabolic tumor volume (SoMTV), and sum of total lesion glycolysis (SoTLG) was computed. A
p
-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Results
Kappa coefficient showed a substantial level of agreement (k 0.769) in two response criteria. Mean PFS in partial response, stable disease, and progressive disease (PD) patients in iRECIST and imPERCIST was 27.3, 17.7, 4.2, and 23.3, 18.8, 3.8 months, respectively. The Kaplan–Meier method with the log rank test showed a significant difference in PFS on intracomparison within both criteria; however, it was not significant on intercomparison. On univariate analysis, the percentage change in SoD, SoMTV, SoTLG was significant. However, on multivariate analysis, only percentage change in SoD was a significant predictor.
Conclusions
We concluded that imPERCIST was equally effective as currently recommended criteria iRECIST for response evaluation of nivolumab in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Gupta
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Delhi, India
| | - Partha S. Choudhury
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Delhi, India
| | - Parveen Jain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Delhi, India
| | - Manish Sharma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Delhi, India
| | - Venkata P. B. Koyyala
- Department of Medical Oncology, Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sumit Goyal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Delhi, India
| | - Chaturbhuj Agarwal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Delhi, India
| | - Ankush Jajodia
- Department of Radiology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Delhi, India
| | - Sunil Pasricha
- Department of Pathology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Delhi, India
| | - Anurag Sharma
- Department of Research, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Delhi, India
| | - Ullas Batra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Delhi, India
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Naccache R, Belkouchi Y, Lawrance L, Benatsou B, Hadchiti J, Cournede PH, Ammari S, Talbot H, Lassau N. Prediction of Early Response to Immunotherapy: DCE-US as a New Biomarker. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051337. [PMID: 35267645 PMCID: PMC8909556 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized cancer care. However, assessing the efficacy of these new molecules with targeted therapeutic responses may induce too much delay when using classical biomarkers derived from morphological imaging (CT). The objective of our study is to propose fast, cost-effective, convenient, and effective biomarkers using the perfusion parameters from dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US) for the evaluation of ICI early response. In a population of 63 patients with metastatic cancer eligible for immunotherapy, we demonstrate that a decrease of more than 45% in the area under the perfusion curve (AUC) between baseline and day 21 is significantly associated with better overall survival. Thus, AUC from DCE-US looks to be a promising new biomarker for the early evaluation of response to immunotherapy. Abstract Purpose: The objective of our study is to propose fast, cost-effective, convenient, and effective biomarkers using the perfusion parameters from dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US) for the evaluation of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) early response. Methods: The retrospective cohort used in this study included 63 patients with metastatic cancer eligible for immunotherapy. DCE-US was performed at baseline, day 8 (D8), and day 21 (D21) after treatment onset. A tumor perfusion curve was modeled on these three dates, and change in the seven perfusion parameters was measured between baseline, D8, and D21. These perfusion parameters were studied to show the impact of their variation on the overall survival (OS). Results: After the removal of missing or suboptimal DCE-US, the Baseline-D8, the Baseline-D21, and the D8-D21 groups included 37, 53, and 33 patients, respectively. A decrease of more than 45% in the area under the perfusion curve (AUC) between baseline and D21 was significantly associated with better OS (p = 0.0114). A decrease of any amount in the AUC between D8 and D21 was also significantly associated with better OS (p = 0.0370). Conclusion: AUC from DCE-US looks to be a promising new biomarker for fast, effective, and convenient immunotherapy response evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Naccache
- Department of Imaging, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France; (B.B.); (J.H.); (S.A.); (N.L.)
- Correspondence: (R.N.); (Y.B.)
| | - Younes Belkouchi
- CVN INRIA, CentraleSupelec, Universite Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France;
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay, BIOMAPS, UMR 1281, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, 94800 Villejuif, France;
- Correspondence: (R.N.); (Y.B.)
| | - Littisha Lawrance
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay, BIOMAPS, UMR 1281, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, 94800 Villejuif, France;
| | - Baya Benatsou
- Department of Imaging, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France; (B.B.); (J.H.); (S.A.); (N.L.)
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay, BIOMAPS, UMR 1281, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, 94800 Villejuif, France;
| | - Joya Hadchiti
- Department of Imaging, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France; (B.B.); (J.H.); (S.A.); (N.L.)
| | - Paul-Henry Cournede
- MICS Lab, CentraleSupelec, Universite Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France;
| | - Samy Ammari
- Department of Imaging, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France; (B.B.); (J.H.); (S.A.); (N.L.)
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay, BIOMAPS, UMR 1281, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, 94800 Villejuif, France;
| | - Hugues Talbot
- CVN INRIA, CentraleSupelec, Universite Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France;
| | - Nathalie Lassau
- Department of Imaging, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France; (B.B.); (J.H.); (S.A.); (N.L.)
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay, BIOMAPS, UMR 1281, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, 94800 Villejuif, France;
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Sheikhbahaei S, Subramaniam RM, Solnes LB. 2-Deoxy-2-[18F] Fluoro-d-Glucose PET/Computed Tomography. PET Clin 2022; 17:307-317. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Filippi L, Proietti I, Petrozza V, Bagni O, Schillaci O. Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Subjected to Anti PD-1 Immunotherapy: Monitoring Response Through Serial PET/CT Scans with 18F-FDG. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2022; 37:226-232. [PMID: 35128935 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2021.0368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The effectiveness of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission computed tomography (PET/CT) for monitoring response to immunotherapy (IT) with cemiplimab in patients affected by cutaneous squamocellular carcinoma (cSCC) was investigated. Materials and Methods: Thirteen cSCC patients performed PET/CT at baseline (PET-1) and 3 months after IT (PET-2). According to immune PET Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (iPERCIST), patients showing progressive disease at PET-2 were classified as having "unconfirmed progressive metabolic disease" (uPMD) and were scheduled to perform a further PET/CT (PET-3) after 4 weeks. PET/CT's results were correlated with best clinical response (BCR) categorized, within 6 months from the start of IT, as clinical benefit (CB) or no clinical benefit (NCB) according to clinical follow-up. Results: At PET-2, 9 subjects (69.2%) showed metabolic response, whereas four (30.8%) were classified as uPMD. After 4 weeks, three uPMD patients were subjected to PET-3, which confirmed progressive disease in all cases, whereas 1 patient with uPMD did not undergo PET-3 due to clinical deterioration. All subjects with metabolic response at PET-2 were classified as having CB and continued IT in 8 out of 9 cases, whereas all patients with uPMD were categorized as NCB and discontinued IT. Conclusions: PET/CT, performed in cSCC patients after 3 months of cemiplimab, resulted capable to identify responders from nonresponders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Filippi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy
| | - Ilaria Proietti
- Dermatology Unit "Daniele Innocenzi," "A. Fiorini" Hospital, Terracina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Petrozza
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Pathology Unit, ICOT Hospital, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Oreste Bagni
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy
| | - Orazio Schillaci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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Liao X, Liu M, Wang R, Zhang J. Potentials of Non-Invasive 18F-FDG PET/CT in Immunotherapy Prediction for Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Genet 2022; 12:810011. [PMID: 35186013 PMCID: PMC8855498 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.810011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), by targeting cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), or PD-ligand 1, have dramatically changed the natural history of several cancers, including non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). There are unusual response manifestations (such as pseudo-progression, hyper-progression, and immune-related adverse events) observed in patients with ICIs because of the unique mechanisms of these agents. These specific situations challenge response and prognostic assessment to ICIs challenging. This review demonstrates how 18F-FDG PET/CT can help identify these unusual response patterns in a non-invasive and effective way. Then, a series of semi-quantitative parameters derived from 18F-FDG PET/CT are introduced. These indexes have been recognized as the non-invasive biomarkers to predicting the efficacy of ICIs and survival of NSCLC patients according to the latest clinical studies. Moreover, the current situation regarding the functional criteria based on 18F-FDG PET/CT for immunotherapeutic response assessment is presented and analyzed. Although the criteria based on 18F-FDG PET/CT proposed some resolutions to overcome limitations of morphologic criteria in the assessment of tumor response to ICIs, further researches should be performed to validate and improve these assessing systems. Then, the last part in this review displays the present status and a perspective of novel specific PET probes targeting key molecules relevant to immunotherapy in prediction and response assessment.
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