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Faizan M, Sachan N, Verma O, Sarkar A, Rawat N, Pratap Singh M. Cerebrospinal fluid protein biomarkers in Parkinson's disease. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 556:117848. [PMID: 38417781 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.117848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Proteomic profiling is an effective way to identify biomarkers for Parkinson's disease (PD). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has direct connectivity with the brain and could be a source of finding biomarkers and their clinical implications. Comparative proteomic profiling has shown that a group of differentially displayed proteins exist. The studies performed using conventional and classical tools also supported the occurrence of these proteins. Many studies have highlighted the potential of CSF proteomic profiling for biomarker identification and their clinical applications. Some of these proteins are useful for disease diagnosis and prediction. Proteomic profiling of CSF also has immense potential to distinguish PD from similar neurodegenerative disorders. A few protein biomarkers help in fundamental knowledge generation and clinical interpretation. However, the specific biomarker of PD is not yet known. The use of proteomic approaches in clinical settings is also rare. A large-scale, multi-centric, multi-population and multi-continental study using multiple proteomic tools is warranted. Such a study can provide valuable, comprehensive and reliable information for a better understanding of PD and the development of specific biomarkers. The current article sheds light on the role of CSF proteomic profiling in identifying biomarkers of PD and their clinical implications. The article also explains the achievements, obstacles and hopes for future directions of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Faizan
- Systems Toxicology Group, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Sachan
- Systems Toxicology Group, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Oyashvi Verma
- Systems Toxicology Group, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alika Sarkar
- Systems Toxicology Group, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neeraj Rawat
- Systems Toxicology Group, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mahendra Pratap Singh
- Systems Toxicology Group, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India; Capacity Building and Knowledge Services, ASSIST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Ashraf D, Khan MR, Dawson TM, Dawson VL. Protein Translation in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2393. [PMID: 38397070 PMCID: PMC10888601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, research into Parkinson's disease and similar neurodegenerative disorders has increasingly suggested that these conditions are synonymous with failures in proteostasis. However, the spotlight of this research has remained firmly focused on the tail end of proteostasis, primarily aggregation, misfolding, and degradation, with protein translation being comparatively overlooked. Now, there is an increasing body of evidence supporting a potential role for translation in the pathogenesis of PD, and its dysregulation is already established in other similar neurodegenerative conditions. In this paper, we consider how altered protein translation fits into the broader picture of PD pathogenesis, working hand in hand to compound the stress placed on neurons, until this becomes irrecoverable. We will also consider molecular players of interest, recent evidence that suggests that aggregates may directly influence translation in PD progression, and the implications for the role of protein translation in our development of clinically useful diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniyal Ashraf
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (D.A.); (M.R.K.)
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 111, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK
| | - Mohammed Repon Khan
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (D.A.); (M.R.K.)
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130, USA
| | - Ted M. Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (D.A.); (M.R.K.)
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Valina L. Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (D.A.); (M.R.K.)
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Yao XY, Guan LN, Chen Q, Ren C. LRRK2 G2019S and Parkinson's disease: insight from Neuroinflammation. Postgrad Med J 2023; 100:4-11. [PMID: 37777187 DOI: 10.1093/postmj/qgad080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
The multiple hypothesis holds that the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) requires many factors such as heredity, environment and ageing. Mutations in Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are recognized the risk factors of PD, and closely related to sporadic and familial PD and can regulate a variety of cellular pathways and processes. An Increasing number of studies has shown that glial hyperactivation-mediated neuroinflammation participates in dopaminergic neuron degeneration and pathogenesis of PD. LRRK2 is essential to the regulaton of chronic inflammation, especially for the central nervous system. The review spotlights on the novel development of LRRK2 on microglia and astrocytes, and explore their potential therapeutic targets, in order to provide a new insights in PD. Key messages: What is already known on this topic The G2019S mutation of LRRK2 is now recognised as a pathogenic mutation in PD. Previous studies have focused on the relationship between neurons and LRRK2 G2019S. What this study adds Neuroinflammation mediated by LRRK2 G2019S of glial cells affects the progress and development of PD and attention must be paid to the role of LRRK2 G2019S in glial cells in PD. How this study might affect research, practice or policy Developing anti-inflammatory drugs from the perspective of LRRK2 G2019S of glial cells is a new direction for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Yao
- Department of Neurology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Li-Na Guan
- Department of Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Chao Ren
- Department of Neurology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
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Dzamko N. Cytokine activity in Parkinson's disease. Neuronal Signal 2023; 7:NS20220063. [PMID: 38059210 PMCID: PMC10695743 DOI: 10.1042/ns20220063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The contribution of the immune system to the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative Parkinson's disease (PD) is increasingly being recognised, with alterations in the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system underlying central and peripheral inflammation in PD. As chief modulators of the immune response, cytokines have been intensely studied in the field of PD both in terms of trying to understand their contribution to disease pathogenesis, and if they may comprise much needed therapeutic targets for a disease with no current modifying therapy. This review summarises current knowledge on key cytokines implicated in PD (TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-4 and IL-1RA) that can modulate both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Cytokine activity in PD is clearly a complicated process mediated by substantial cross-talk of signalling pathways and the need to balance pro- and anti-inflammatory effects. However, understanding cytokine activity may hold promise for unlocking new insight into PD and how it may be halted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Dzamko
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health and the Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
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Vijiaratnam N, Foltynie T. How should we be using biomarkers in trials of disease modification in Parkinson's disease? Brain 2023; 146:4845-4869. [PMID: 37536279 PMCID: PMC10690028 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent validation of the α-synuclein seed amplification assay as a biomarker with high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease has formed the backbone for a proposed staging system for incorporation in Parkinson's disease clinical studies and trials. The routine use of this biomarker should greatly aid in the accuracy of diagnosis during recruitment of Parkinson's disease patients into trials (as distinct from patients with non-Parkinson's disease parkinsonism or non-Parkinson's disease tremors). There remain, however, further challenges in the pursuit of biomarkers for clinical trials of disease modifying agents in Parkinson's disease, namely: optimizing the distinction between different α-synucleinopathies; the selection of subgroups most likely to benefit from a candidate disease modifying agent; a sensitive means of confirming target engagement; and the early prediction of longer-term clinical benefit. For example, levels of CSF proteins such as the lysosomal enzyme β-glucocerebrosidase may assist in prognostication or allow enrichment of appropriate patients into disease modifying trials of agents with this enzyme as the target; the presence of coexisting Alzheimer's disease-like pathology (detectable through CSF levels of amyloid-β42 and tau) can predict subsequent cognitive decline; imaging techniques such as free-water or neuromelanin MRI may objectively track decline in Parkinson's disease even in its later stages. The exploitation of additional biomarkers to the α-synuclein seed amplification assay will, therefore, greatly add to our ability to plan trials and assess the disease modifying properties of interventions. The choice of which biomarker(s) to use in the context of disease modifying clinical trials will depend on the intervention, the stage (at risk, premotor, motor, complex) of the population recruited and the aims of the trial. The progress already made lends hope that panels of fluid biomarkers in tandem with structural or functional imaging may provide sensitive and objective methods of confirming that an intervention is modifying a key pathophysiological process of Parkinson's disease. However, correlation with clinical progression does not necessarily equate to causation, and the ongoing validation of quantitative biomarkers will depend on insightful clinical-genetic-pathophysiological comparisons incorporating longitudinal biomarker changes from those at genetic risk with evidence of onset of the pathophysiology and those at each stage of manifest clinical Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirosen Vijiaratnam
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Thomas Foltynie
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
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He KJ, Zhang JB, Liu JY, Zhao FL, Yao XY, Tang YT, Zhang JR, Cheng XY, Hu LF, Wang F, Liu CF. LRRK2 G2019S promotes astrocytic inflammation induced by oligomeric α-synuclein through NF-κB pathway. iScience 2023; 26:108130. [PMID: 37876795 PMCID: PMC10590863 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the irreversible loss of dopaminergic neurons and the accumulation of α-synuclein in Lewy bodies. The oligomeric α-synuclein (O-αS) is the most toxic form of α-synuclein species, and it has been reported to be a robust inflammatory mediator. Mutations in Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) are also genetically linked to PD and neuroinflammation. However, how O-αS and LRRK2 interact in glial cells remains unclear. Here, we reported that LRRK2 G2019S mutation, which is one of the most frequent causes of familial PD, enhanced the effects of O-αS on astrocytes both in vivo and in vitro. Meanwhile, inhibition of LRRK2 kinase activity could relieve the inflammatory effects of both LRRK2 G2019S and O-αS. We also demonstrated that nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway might be involved in the neuroinflammatory responses. These findings revealed that inhibition of LRRK2 kinase activity may be a viable strategy for suppressing neuroinflammation in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Jie He
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jin-Bao Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jun-Yi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affilicated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Feng-Lun Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Yao
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Yu-Ting Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jin-Ru Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Cheng
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Li-Fang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830063, China
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Liu A, Hefley B, Escandon P, Nicholas SE, Karamichos D. Salivary Exosomes in Health and Disease: Future Prospects in the Eye. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076363. [PMID: 37047335 PMCID: PMC10094317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a group of vesicles that package and transport DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids to recipient cells. They can be derived from blood, saliva, urine, and/or other biological tissues. Their impact on several diseases, such as neurodegenerative, autoimmune, and ocular diseases, have been reported, but not fully unraveled. The exosomes that are derived from saliva are less studied, but offer significant advantages over exosomes from other sources, due to their accessibility and ease of collection. Thus, their role in the pathophysiology of diseases is largely unknown. In the context of ocular diseases, salivary exosomes have been under-utilized, thus creating an enormous gap in the literature. The current review discusses the state of exosomes research on systemic and ocular diseases and highlights the role and potential of salivary exosomes as future ocular therapeutic vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Liu
- Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Brenna Hefley
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Paulina Escandon
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Sarah E. Nicholas
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Dimitrios Karamichos
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-817-735-2101
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Menozzi E, Schapira AHV, Blandini F, Avenali M. Who is at Risk of Parkinson Disease? Refining the Preclinical Phase of GBA1 and LRRK2 Variant Carriers: a Clinical, Biochemical, and Imaging Approach. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2023. [PMID: 36881256 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-023-01259-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Genetic variants in GBA1 and LRRK2 genes are the commonest genetic risk factor for Parkinson disease (PD); however, the preclinical profile of GBA1 and LRRK2 variant carriers who will develop PD is unclear. This review aims to highlight the more sensitive markers that can stratify PD risk in non-manifesting GBA1 and LRRK2 variant carriers. RECENT FINDINGS Several case-control and a few longitudinal studies evaluated clinical, biochemical, and neuroimaging markers within cohorts of non-manifesting carriers of GBA1 and LRRK2 variants. Despite similar levels of penetrance of PD in GBA1 and LRRK2 variant carriers (10-30%), these individuals have distinct preclinical profiles. GBA1 variant carriers at higher risk of PD can present with prodromal symptoms suggestive of PD (hyposmia), display increased α-synuclein levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and show dopamine transporter abnormalities. LRRK2 variant carriers at higher risk of PD might show subtle motor abnormalities, but no prodromal symptoms, higher exposure to some environmental factors (non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs), and peripheral inflammatory profile. This information will help clinicians tailor appropriate screening tests and counseling and facilitate researchers in the development of predictive markers, disease-modifying treatments, and selection of healthy individuals who might benefit from preventive interventions.
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Canever JB, Soares ES, de Avelar NCP, Cimarosti HI. Targeting α-synuclein post-translational modifications in Parkinson's disease. Behav Brain Res 2023; 439:114204. [PMID: 36372243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway. Although the exact mechanisms underlying PD are still not completely understood, it is well accepted that α-synuclein plays key pathophysiological roles as the main constituent of the cytoplasmic inclusions known as Lewy bodies. Several post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as the best-known phosphorylation, target α-synuclein and are thus implicated in its physiological and pathological functions. In this review, we present (1) an overview of the pathophysiological roles of α-synuclein, (2) a descriptive analysis of α-synuclein PTMs, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, acetylation, glycation, truncation, and O-GlcNAcylation, as well as (3) a brief summary on α-synuclein PTMs as potential biomarkers for PD. A better understanding of α-synuclein PTMs is of paramount importance for elucidating the mechanisms underlying PD and can thus be expected to improve early detection and monitoring disease progression, as well as identify promising new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaquelini B Canever
- Post-Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Laboratory of Aging, Resources and Rheumatology, UFSC, Araranguá, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ericks Sousa Soares
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmacology, UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Núbia C P de Avelar
- Laboratory of Aging, Resources and Rheumatology, UFSC, Araranguá, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Helena I Cimarosti
- Post-Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Pharmacology, UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Soto M, Fernández M, Bravo P, Lahoz S, Garrido A, Sánchez-Rodríguez A, Rivera-Sánchez M, Sierra M, Melón P, Roig-García A, Naito A, Casey B, Camps J, Tolosa E, Martí MJ, Infante J, Ezquerra M, Fernández-Santiago R. Differential serum microRNAs in premotor LRRK2 G2019S carriers from Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:15. [PMID: 36732514 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00451-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The LRRK2 G2019S pathogenic mutation causes LRRK2-associated Parkinson's disease (L2PD) with incomplete penetrance. LRRK2 non-manifesting carriers (L2NMC) are at PD high risk but predicting pheno-conversion is challenging given the lack of progression biomarkers. To investigate novel biomarkers for PD premotor stages, we performed a longitudinal microRNA (miRNA) assessment of serum samples from G2019S L2NMC followed-up over 8 years. Our cohort consisted of G2019S L2NMC stratified by dopamine transporter single-photon emission computed tomography (DaT-SPECT) into DaT-negative (n = 20) and DaT-positive L2NMC (n = 20), pheno-converted G2019S L2PD patients (n = 20), idiopathic PD (iPD) (n = 19), and controls (n = 40). We also screened a second cohort of L2PD patients (n = 19) and controls (n = 20) (Total n = 158). Compared to healthy controls, we identified eight deregulated miRNAs in DaT-negative L2NMC, six in DaT-positive L2NMC, and one in L2PD. Between groups, the highest miRNA differences, 24 candidate miRNAs, occurred between DaT-positive L2NMC and L2PD. Longitudinally, we found 11 common miRNAs with sustained variation in DaT-negative and DaT-positive L2NMCs compared to their baselines. Our study identifies novel miRNA alterations in premotor stages of PD co-occurring with progressive DaT-SPECT decline before motor manifestation, whose deregulation seems to attenuate after the diagnosis of L2PD. Moreover, we identified four miRNAs with relatively high discriminative ability (AUC = 0.82) between non-pheno-converted DaT-positive G2019S carriers and pheno-converted L2PD patients (miR-4505, miR-8069, miR-6125, and miR-451a), which hold potential as early progression biomarkers for PD.
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Abdi IY, Bartl M, Dakna M, Abdesselem H, Majbour N, Trenkwalder C, El-Agnaf O, Mollenhauer B. Cross-sectional proteomic expression in Parkinson's disease-related proteins in drug-naïve patients vs healthy controls with longitudinal clinical follow-up. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 177:105997. [PMID: 36634823 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.105997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to find reliable and accessible blood-based biomarkers for early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) correlating with clinical symptoms and displaying predictive potential to improve future clinical trials. This led us to a conduct large-scale proteomics approach using an advanced high-throughput proteomics technology to create a proteomic profile for PD. Over 1300 proteins were measured in serum samples from a de novo Parkinson's (DeNoPa) cohort made up of 85 deep clinically phenotyped drug-naïve de novo PD patients and 93 matched healthy controls (HC) with longitudinal clinical follow-up available of up to 8 years. The analysis identified 73 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) of which 14 proteins were confirmed as stable potential diagnostic markers using machine learning tools. Among the DEPs identified, eight proteins-ALCAM, contactin 1, CD36, DUS3, NEGR1, Notch1, TrkB, and BTK- significantly correlated with longitudinal clinical scores including motor and non-motor symptom scores, cognitive function and depression scales, indicating potential predictive values for progression in PD among various phenotypes. Known functions of these proteins and their possible relation to the pathophysiology or symptomatology of PD were discussed and presented with a particular emphasis on the potential biological mechanisms involved, such as cell adhesion, axonal guidance and neuroinflammation, and T-cell activation. In conclusion, with the use of advance multiplex proteomic technology, a blood-based protein signature profile was identified from serum samples of a well-characterized PD cohort capable of potentially differentiating PD from HC and predicting clinical disease progression of related motor and non-motor PD symptoms. We thereby highlight the need to validate and further investigate these markers in future prospective cohorts and assess their possible PD-related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilham Yahya Abdi
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar; Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Michael Bartl
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Mohammed Dakna
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Houari Abdesselem
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Nour Majbour
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Claudia Trenkwalder
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Klinikstrasse, Kassel, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Omar El-Agnaf
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar; Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch, Goettingen, Germany; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Klinikstrasse, Kassel, Germany.
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Jayanti S, Moretti R, Tiribelli C, Gazzin S. Bilirubin Prevents the TH + Dopaminergic Neuron Loss in a Parkinson's Disease Model by Acting on TNF-α. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214276. [PMID: 36430754 PMCID: PMC9693357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), the fastest-growing movement disorder, is still challenged by the unavailability of disease-modifying therapy. Mildly elevated levels of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB, PubChem CID 5280352) have been shown to be protective against several extra-CNS diseases, and the effect is attributed to its well-known anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory capability. We explored the neuroprotective effect of low concentrations of UCB (from 0.5 to 4 µM) in our PD model based on organotypic brain cultures of substantia nigra (OBCs-SN) challenged with a low dose of rotenone (Rot). UCB at 0.5 and 1 µM fully protects against the loss of TH+ (dopaminergic) neurons (DOPAn). The alteration in oxidative stress is involved in TH+ positive neuron demise induced by Rot, but is not the key player in UCB-conferred protection. On the contrary, inflammation, specifically tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), was found to be the key to UCB protection against DOPAn sufferance. Further work will be needed to introduce the use of UCB into clinical settings, but determining that TNF-α plays a key role in PD may be crucial in designing therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Jayanti
- The Liver-Brain Unit “Rita-Moretti”, Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
- Molecular Biomedicine Ph.D. Program, Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Rita Moretti
- Neurology Clinic, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34139 Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudio Tiribelli
- The Liver-Brain Unit “Rita-Moretti”, Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-040-375-7840
| | - Silvia Gazzin
- The Liver-Brain Unit “Rita-Moretti”, Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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13
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Ho PWL, Chang EES, Leung CT, Liu H, Malki Y, Pang SYY, Choi ZYK, Liang Y, Lai WS, Ruan Y, Leung KMY, Yung S, Mak JCW, Kung MHW, Ramsden DB, Ho SL. Long-term inhibition of mutant LRRK2 hyper-kinase activity reduced mouse brain α-synuclein oligomers without adverse effects. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:115. [PMID: 36088364 PMCID: PMC9464237 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00386-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by dopaminergic neurodegeneration in nigrostriatal and cortical brain regions associated with pathogenic α-synuclein (αSyn) aggregate/oligomer accumulation. LRRK2 hyperactivity is a disease-modifying therapeutic target in PD. However, LRRK2 inhibition may be associated with peripheral effects, albeit with unclear clinical consequences. Here, we significantly reduced αSyn oligomer accumulation in mouse striatum through long-term LRRK2 inhibition using GNE-7915 (specific brain-penetrant LRRK2 inhibitor) without causing adverse peripheral effects. GNE-7915 concentrations in wild-type (WT) mouse sera and brain samples reached a peak at 1 h, which gradually decreased over 24 h following a single subcutaneous (100 mg/kg) injection. The same dose in young WT and LRRK2R1441G mutant mice significantly inhibited LRRK2 kinase activity (Thr73-Rab10 and Ser106-Rab12 phosphorylation) in the lung, which dissipated by 72 h post-injection. 14-month-old mutant mice injected with GNE-7915 twice weekly for 18 weeks (equivalent to ~13 human years) exhibited reduced striatal αSyn oligomer and cortical pSer129-αSyn levels, correlating with inhibition of LRRK2 hyperactivity in brain and lung to WT levels. No GNE-7915-treated mice showed increased mortality or morbidity. Unlike reports of abnormalities in lung and kidney at acute high doses of LRRK2 inhibitors, our GNE-7915-treated mice did not exhibit swollen lamellar bodies in type II pneumocytes or abnormal vacuolation in the kidney. Functional and histopathological assessments of lung, kidney and liver, including whole-body plethysmography, urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and serum interleukin-6 (inflammatory marker) did not reveal abnormalities after long-term GNE-7915 treatment. Long-term inhibition of mutant LRRK2 hyper-kinase activity to physiological levels presents an efficacious and safe disease-modifying therapy to ameliorate synucleinopathy in PD.
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Forloni G, La Vitola P, Balducci C. Oligomeropathies, inflammation and prion protein binding. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:822420. [PMID: 36081661 PMCID: PMC9445368 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.822420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The central role of oligomers, small soluble aggregates of misfolded proteins, in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders is recognized in numerous experimental conditions and is compatible with clinical evidence. To underline this concept, some years ago we coined the term oligomeropathies to define the common mechanism of action of protein misfolding diseases like Alzheimer, Parkinson or prion diseases. Using simple experimental conditions, with direct application of synthetic β amyloid or α-synuclein oligomers intraventricularly at micromolar concentrations, we could detect differences and similarities in the biological consequences. The two oligomer species affected cognitive behavior, neuronal dysfunction and cerebral inflammatory reactions with distinct mechanisms. In these experimental conditions the proposed mediatory role of cellular prion protein in oligomer activities was not confirmed. Together with oligomers, inflammation at different levels can be important early in neurodegenerative disorders; both β amyloid and α-synuclein oligomers induce inflammation and its control strongly affects neuronal dysfunction. This review summarizes our studies with β-amyloid or α-synuclein oligomers, also considering the potential curative role of doxycycline, a well-known antibiotic with anti-amyloidogenic and anti-inflammatory activities. These actions are analyzed in terms of the therapeutic prospects.
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Magalhães P, Lashuel HA. Opportunities and challenges of alpha-synuclein as a potential biomarker for Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:93. [PMID: 35869066 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00357-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disease, develops and progresses for 10–15 years before the clinical diagnostic symptoms of the disease are manifested. Furthermore, several aspects of PD pathology overlap with other neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) linked to alpha-synuclein (aSyn) aggregation, also called synucleinopathies. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover and validate early diagnostic and prognostic markers that reflect disease pathophysiology, progression, severity, and potential differences in disease mechanisms between PD and other NDDs. The close association between aSyn and the development of pathology in synucleinopathies, along with the identification of aSyn species in biological fluids, has led to increasing interest in aSyn species as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of PD and differentiate it from other synucleinopathies. In this review, we (1) provide an overview of the progress toward mapping the distribution of aSyn species in the brain, peripheral tissues, and biological fluids; (2) present comparative and critical analysis of previous studies that measured total aSyn as well as other species such as modified and aggregated forms of aSyn in different biological fluids; and (3) highlight conceptual and technical gaps and challenges that could hinder the development and validation of reliable aSyn biomarkers; and (4) outline a series of recommendations to address these challenges. Finally, we propose a combined biomarker approach based on integrating biochemical, aggregation and structure features of aSyn, in addition to other biomarkers of neurodegeneration. We believe that capturing the diversity of aSyn species is essential to develop robust assays and diagnostics for early detection, patient stratification, monitoring of disease progression, and differentiation between synucleinopathies. This could transform clinical trial design and implementation, accelerate the development of new therapies, and improve clinical decisions and treatment strategies.
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Zubelzu M, Morera-Herreras T, Irastorza G, Gómez-Esteban JC, Murueta-Goyena A. Plasma and serum alpha-synuclein as a biomarker in Parkinson's disease: A meta-analysis. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2022; 99:107-115. [PMID: 35717321 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reliable biomarkers for Parkinson's disease (PD) diagnosis are urgently needed. Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) and its proteoforms play a key role in PD pathology but in vivo measurements have raised conflicting results, and whether α-syn in blood could distinguish PD patients from healthy controls is still controversial. METHODS A systematic literature search yielded 35 eligible studies for meta-analysis reporting the concentration of total, oligomeric or phosphorylated α-syn in plasma and/or serum of PD patients and healthy controls. Standardized mean differences (SMD) were pooled using multivariate/multilevel linear mixed-effects models. Meta-regression analyses were conducted to investigate possible modifiers. RESULTS A meta-analysis of 32 articles involving 2683 PD patients and 1838 controls showed a significant overall effect of PD on total α-syn levels (SMD = 0.85, p = 0.004). Meta-regression showed that increased SMD of total α-syn in PD was significantly associated with lower age, shorter disease duration, mild motor impairment, and Immunomagnetic Reduction assay for protein quantification. In contrast, no significant differences were observed for oligomeric or phosphorylated α-syn between PD and controls but increased oligomeric α-syn was significantly associated with shorter disease duration. The heterogeneity among studies was high (>98%). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that increased total plasma/serum α-syn levels in PD primarily occur in early phases of the disease. The evidence obtained from a small number of studies measuring plasma/serum concentrations of oligomeric and phosphorylated species of α-syn shows no difference. The clinical applicability of measuring plasma or serum α-syn species for differentiating PD from healthy control warrants further studies with better clinical profiling of PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maider Zubelzu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Teresa Morera-Herreras
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Gorka Irastorza
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Gómez-Esteban
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain; Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Department of Neurology, Cruces University Hospital, Osakidetza, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ane Murueta-Goyena
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain; Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
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17
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Nelson AR. Peripheral Pathways to Neurovascular Unit Dysfunction, Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:858429. [PMID: 35517047 PMCID: PMC9062225 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.858429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. It was first described more than a century ago, and scientists are acquiring new data and learning novel information about the disease every day. Although there are nuances and details continuously being unraveled, many key players were identified in the early 1900’s by Dr. Oskar Fischer and Dr. Alois Alzheimer, including amyloid-beta (Aβ), tau, vascular abnormalities, gliosis, and a possible role of infections. More recently, there has been growing interest in and appreciation for neurovascular unit dysfunction that occurs early in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) before and independent of Aβ and tau brain accumulation. In the last decade, evidence that Aβ and tau oligomers are antimicrobial peptides generated in response to infection has expanded our knowledge and challenged preconceived notions. The concept that pathogenic germs cause infections generating an innate immune response (e.g., Aβ and tau produced by peripheral organs) that is associated with incident dementia is worthwhile considering in the context of sporadic AD with an unknown root cause. Therefore, the peripheral amyloid hypothesis to cognitive impairment and AD is proposed and remains to be vetted by future research. Meanwhile, humans remain complex variable organisms with individual risk factors that define their immune status, neurovascular function, and neuronal plasticity. In this focused review, the idea that infections and organ dysfunction contribute to Alzheimer’s disease, through the generation of peripheral amyloids and/or neurovascular unit dysfunction will be explored and discussed. Ultimately, many questions remain to be answered and critical areas of future exploration are highlighted.
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Wang P, Luo M, Zhou W, Jin X, Xu Z, Yan S, Li Y, Xu C, Cheng R, Huang Y, Lin X, Yao L, Nie H, Jiang Q. Global Characterization of Peripheral B Cells in Parkinson's Disease by Single-Cell RNA and BCR Sequencing. Front Immunol 2022; 13:814239. [PMID: 35250991 PMCID: PMC8888848 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.814239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune system plays important roles in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the role of B cells in this complex disease are still not fully understood. B cells produce antibodies but can also regulate immune responses. In order to decode the relative contribution of peripheral B cell subtypes to the etiology of PD, we performed single cell RNA and BCR sequencing for 10,466 B cells from 8 PD patients and 6 age-matched healthy controls. We observed significant increased memory B cells and significant decreased naïve B cells in PD patients compared to healthy controls. Notably, we also discovered increased IgG and IgA isotypes and more frequent class switch recombination events in PD patients. Moreover, we identified preferential V and J gene segments of B cell receptors in PD patients as the evidence of convergent selection in PD. Finally, we found a marked clonal expanded memory B cell population in PD patients, up-regulating both MHC II genes (HLA-DRB5, HLA-DQA2 and HLA-DPB1) and transcription factor activator protein 1 (AP-1), suggesting that the antigen presentation capacity of B cells was enhanced and B cells were activated in PD patients. Overall, this study conducted a comprehensive analysis of peripheral B cell characteristics of PD patients, which provided novel insights into the humoral immune response in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Meng Luo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Wenyang Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xiyun Jin
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaochun Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Shi Yan
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yiqun Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Chang Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lin
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Lifen Yao
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huan Nie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Qinghua Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Big Data (Harbin Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
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Kwon EH, Tennagels S, Gold R, Gerwert K, Beyer L, Tönges L. Update on CSF Biomarkers in Parkinson's Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020329. [PMID: 35204829 PMCID: PMC8869235 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Progress in developing disease-modifying therapies in Parkinson’s disease (PD) can only be achieved through reliable objective markers that help to identify subjects at risk. This includes an early and accurate diagnosis as well as continuous monitoring of disease progression and therapy response. Although PD diagnosis still relies mainly on clinical features, encouragingly, advances in biomarker discovery have been made. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a biofluid of particular interest to study biomarkers since it is closest to the brain structures and therefore could serve as an ideal source to reflect ongoing pathologic processes. According to the key pathophysiological mechanisms, the CSF status of α-synuclein species, markers of amyloid and tau pathology, neurofilament light chain, lysosomal enzymes and markers of neuroinflammation provide promising preliminary results as candidate biomarkers. Untargeted approaches in the field of metabolomics provide insights into novel and interconnected biological pathways. Markers based on genetic forms of PD can contribute to identifying subgroups suitable for gene-targeted treatment strategies that might also be transferable to sporadic PD. Further validation analyses in large PD cohort studies will identify the CSF biomarker or biomarker combinations with the best value for clinical and research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hae Kwon
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44791 Bochum, Germany; (E.H.K.); (S.T.); (R.G.)
| | - Sabrina Tennagels
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44791 Bochum, Germany; (E.H.K.); (S.T.); (R.G.)
| | - Ralf Gold
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44791 Bochum, Germany; (E.H.K.); (S.T.); (R.G.)
- Center for Protein Diagnostics (ProDi), Ruhr University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany; (K.G.); (L.B.)
| | - Klaus Gerwert
- Center for Protein Diagnostics (ProDi), Ruhr University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany; (K.G.); (L.B.)
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biophysics, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Léon Beyer
- Center for Protein Diagnostics (ProDi), Ruhr University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany; (K.G.); (L.B.)
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biophysics, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Lars Tönges
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44791 Bochum, Germany; (E.H.K.); (S.T.); (R.G.)
- Center for Protein Diagnostics (ProDi), Ruhr University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany; (K.G.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-234-509-2420; Fax: +49-234-509-2439
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Murueta-Goyena A, Cipriani R, Carmona-Abellán M, Acera M, Ayo N, del Pino R, Tijero B, Fernández T, Gabilondo I, Zallo F, Matute C, Sánchez-Pernaute R, Khurana V, Cavaliere F, Capetillo-Zarate E, Gómez-Esteban JC. Characterization of molecular biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid and serum of E46K-SNCA mutation carriers. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2022; 96:29-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2022.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Yin S, Han C, Xia Y, Wan F, Hu J, Kou L, Sun Y, Wu J, Li Y, Zhou Q, Xiong N, Huang J, Wang T. Cancerous Inhibitor of Protein Phosphatase 2A (CIP2A): Could It Be a Promising Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Parkinson's Disease? Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:1333-1344. [PMID: 34984583 PMCID: PMC8857133 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02670-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease characterized by aggregation of pathological alpha-synuclein (α-syn) and loss of dopaminergic neuron in the substantia nigra. Inhibition of phosphorylation of the α-syn has been shown to mediate alleviation of PD-related pathology. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), an important serine/threonine phosphatase, plays an essential role in catalyzing dephosphorylation of the α-syn. Here, we identified and validated cancerous inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A), as a potential diagnostic biomarker for PD. Our data showed that plasma CIP2A concentrations in PD patients were significantly lower compared to age- and sex-matched controls, 1.721 (1.435–2.428) ng/ml vs 3.051(2.36–5.475) ng/ml, p < 0.0001. The area under the curve of the plasma CIP2A in distinguishing PD from the age- and sex-matched controls was 0.776. In addition, we evaluated the role of CIP2A in PD-related pathogenesis in PD cellular and MPTP-induced mouse model. The results demonstrated that CIP2A is upregulated in PD cellular and MPTP-induced mouse models. Besides, suppression of the CIP2A expression alleviates rotenone induced aggregation of the α-syn as well as phosphorylation of the α-syn in SH-SY5Y cells, which is associated with increased PP2A activity. Taken together, our data demonstrated that CIP2A plays an essential role in the mechanisms related to PD development and might be a novel PD biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Yin
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Han
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Xia
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Wan
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Hu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Kou
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yadi Sun
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Wu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunna Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiulu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Nian Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinsha Huang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Abstract
It is well known that B lymphocytes differentiate into plasma cells that produce antibodies. B cells also perform a number of less well-known roles including antigen presentation, regulation of T cells and innate immune cells, cytokine production, and maintenance of subcapsular sinus macrophages. Given that there is clear evidence of inflammation in Parkinson's disease (PD) both in the central nervous system and in the periphery, it is almost certain that B lymphocytes are involved. This involvement is likely to be complicated given the variety of roles B cells play via a number of distinct subsets. They have received less attention to date than their counterparts, T cells, and monocytes. B lymphocytes are decreased in PD overall with some limited evidence that this may be driven by a decrease in regulatory subsets. There is also evidence that regulatory B cells are protective in PD. There is evidence for a role played by antibodies to alpha-synuclein in PD with a possible increase in early disease. There are many exciting potential future avenues for further exploration of the role of B lymphocytes including improving our understanding of the role of meningeal and calvarial (skull bone marrow) based B cells in health and disease, the use of larger, well phenotyped clinical cohorts to understand changes in peripheral and cerebrospinal fluid B cells over time and the potential application of B cell targeted therapies in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten M. Scott
- Department of Neurology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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23
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Abstract
Given the clear role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) and its impact on incidence and phenotypical characteristics, this review provides an overview with focus on inflammatory biofluid markers in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in PD patient cohorts. In preparation for clinical trials targeting the immune system, we specifically address the following questions: 1) What evidence do we have for pro-inflammatory profiles in blood and in CSF of sporadic and genetic PD patients? 2) Is there a role of anti-inflammatory mediators in blood/CSF? 3) Do inflammatory profiles in blood reflect those in CSF indicative of a cross-talk between periphery and brain? 4) Do blood/CSF inflammatory profiles change over the disease course as assessed in repeatedly taken biosamples? 5) Are blood/CSF inflammatory profiles associated with phenotypical trajectories in PD? 6) Are blood/CSF inflammatory profiles associated with CSF levels of neurodegenerative/PD-specific biomarkers? Knowledge on these questions will inform future strategies for patient stratification and cohort enrichment as well as suitable outcome measures for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Zimmermann
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Brockmann
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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24
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Thaler A, Omer N, Giladi N, Gurevich T, Bar-Shira A, Gana-Weisz M, Goldstein O, Kestenbaum M, Shirvan JC, Cedarbaum JM, Orr-Urtreger A, Regev K, Shenhar-Tsarfaty S, Mirelman A. Mutations in GBA and LRRK2 Are Not Associated with Increased Inflammatory Markers. J Parkinsons Dis 2021; 11:1285-1296. [PMID: 33998549 PMCID: PMC8461659 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Inflammation is an integral part of neurodegeneration including in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Ashkenazi Jews have high rates of genetic PD with divergent phenotypes among GBA-PD and LRRK2-PD. The role of inflammation in the prodromal phase of PD and the association with disease phenotype has yet to be elucidated. Objective: To assess central and peripheral cytokines among PD patients with mutations in the LRRK2 and GBA genes and among non-manifesting carriers (NMC) of these mutations in order to determine the role of inflammation in genetic PD. Methods: The following cytokines were assessed from peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and INF- γ. A comprehensive intake including general medical conditions, use of anti-inflammatory treatments, motor and cognitive assessments and additional laboratory measures were recorded, enabling the construction of the MDS probable prodromal score. Results: Data from 362 participants was collected: 31 idiopathic PD (iPD), 30 LRRK2-PD, 77 GBA-PD, 3 homozygote GBA-PD, 3 GBA-LRRK2-PD, 67 LRRK2-NMC, 105 GBA-NMC, 14 LRRK2-GBA-NMC, and 32 healthy controls. No between-group differences in peripheral or CSF cytokines were detected. No correlation between disease characteristics or risk for prodromal PD could be associated with any inflammatory measure. Conclusion: In this study, we could not detect any evidence on dysregulated immune response among GBA and LRRK2 PD patients and non-manifesting mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avner Thaler
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurological Institute, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Laboratory of Early Markers of Neurodegeneration, Neurological Institute, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Nurit Omer
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurological Institute, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Laboratory of Early Markers of Neurodegeneration, Neurological Institute, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Nir Giladi
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurological Institute, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Tanya Gurevich
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurological Institute, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Anat Bar-Shira
- Genetic Institute, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Mali Gana-Weisz
- Genomic Research Laboratory for Neurodegeneration, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Orly Goldstein
- Genomic Research Laboratory for Neurodegeneration, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Meir Kestenbaum
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Neurology Department, Meir Hospital, Kfar-Saba, Israel
| | | | - Jesse M Cedarbaum
- Biogen Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Coeruleus Clinical Sciences LLC, Woodbridge, CT, USA
| | - Avi Orr-Urtreger
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Genomic Research Laboratory for Neurodegeneration, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Keren Regev
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Neuroimmunology Unit, Neurological Institute, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Shani Shenhar-Tsarfaty
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Department of Internal Medicine "C", "D", and "E", Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Anat Mirelman
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Laboratory of Early Markers of Neurodegeneration, Neurological Institute, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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25
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Yan Z, Yang W, Wei H, Dean MN, Standaert DG, Cutter GR, Benveniste EN, Qin H. Dysregulation of the Adaptive Immune System in Patients With Early-Stage Parkinson Disease. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2021; 8:8/5/e1036. [PMID: 34301818 PMCID: PMC8299515 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000001036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Objective To determine the activation status and cytokine profiles of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD19+ B cells from patients with early-stage Parkinson disease (PD) compared with healthy controls (HCs). Methods Peripheral blood samples from 41 patients with early-stage PD and 40 HCs were evaluated. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed by flow cytometry for surface markers and intracellular cytokine production. Correlations of immunologic changes and clinical parameters were analyzed. Results Adaptive immunity plays a role in the pathogenesis of PD, yet the contribution of T cells and B cells, especially cytokine production by these cells, is poorly understood. We demonstrate that naive CD4+ and naive CD8+ T cells are significantly decreased in patients with PD, whereas central memory CD4+ T cells are significantly increased in patients with PD. Furthermore, IL-17–producing CD4+ Th17 cells, IL-4–producing CD4+ Th2 cells, and IFN-γ–producing CD8+ T cells are significantly increased in patients with PD. Regarding B cells, we observed a decrease in naive B cells and an increase in nonswitched memory and double-negative B cells. As well, TNF-α–producing CD19+ B cells were significantly increased in patients with PD. Notably, some of the changes observed in CD4+ T cells and B cells were associated with clinical motor disease severity. Conclusions These findings suggest that alterations in the adaptive immune system may promote clinical disease in PD by skewing to a more proinflammatory state in the early-stage PD patient cohort. Our study may shed light on potential immunotherapies targeting dysregulated CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD19+ B cells in patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqi Yan
- From the Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology (Z.Y., W.Y., H.W., E.N.B., H.Q.), Department of Neurology (M.N.D., D.G.S.), and Department of Biostatistics (G.R.C.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Wei Yang
- From the Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology (Z.Y., W.Y., H.W., E.N.B., H.Q.), Department of Neurology (M.N.D., D.G.S.), and Department of Biostatistics (G.R.C.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Hairong Wei
- From the Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology (Z.Y., W.Y., H.W., E.N.B., H.Q.), Department of Neurology (M.N.D., D.G.S.), and Department of Biostatistics (G.R.C.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Marissa N Dean
- From the Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology (Z.Y., W.Y., H.W., E.N.B., H.Q.), Department of Neurology (M.N.D., D.G.S.), and Department of Biostatistics (G.R.C.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - David G Standaert
- From the Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology (Z.Y., W.Y., H.W., E.N.B., H.Q.), Department of Neurology (M.N.D., D.G.S.), and Department of Biostatistics (G.R.C.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Gary R Cutter
- From the Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology (Z.Y., W.Y., H.W., E.N.B., H.Q.), Department of Neurology (M.N.D., D.G.S.), and Department of Biostatistics (G.R.C.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Etty N Benveniste
- From the Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology (Z.Y., W.Y., H.W., E.N.B., H.Q.), Department of Neurology (M.N.D., D.G.S.), and Department of Biostatistics (G.R.C.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Hongwei Qin
- From the Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology (Z.Y., W.Y., H.W., E.N.B., H.Q.), Department of Neurology (M.N.D., D.G.S.), and Department of Biostatistics (G.R.C.), University of Alabama at Birmingham.
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26
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Majbour NK, Abdi IY, Dakna M, Wicke T, Lang E, Ali Moussa HY, Thomas MA, Trenkwalder C, Safieh-Garabedian B, Tokuda T, Mollenhauer B, El-Agnaf O. Cerebrospinal α-Synuclein Oligomers Reflect Disease Motor Severity in DeNoPa Longitudinal Cohort. Mov Disord 2021; 36:2048-2056. [PMID: 33978256 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tangible efforts have been made to identify biomarkers for Parkinson's disease (PD) diagnosis and progression, with α-synuclein (α-syn) related biomarkers being at the forefront. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to explore whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of total, oligomeric, phosphorylated Ser 129 α-synuclein, along with total tau, phosphorylated tau 181, and β-amyloid 1-42 are (1) informative as diagnostic markers for PD, (2) changed over disease progression, and/or (3) correlated with motor and cognitive indices of disease progression in the longitudinal De Novo Parkinson cohort. METHODS A total of 94 de novo PD patients and 52 controls at baseline and 24- and 48-month follow-up were included, all of whom had longitudinal lumbar punctures and clinical assessments for both cognitive and motor functions. Using our in-house enzymelinked immunosorbent assays and commercially available assays, different forms of α-synuclein, tau, and β-amyloid 1-42 were quantified in CSF samples from the De Novo Parkinson cohort. RESULTS Baseline CSF total α-synuclein was significantly lower in early de novo PD compared with healthy controls, whereas the ratio of oligomeric/total and phosphorylated/total were significantly higher in the PD group. CSF oligomeric-α-synuclein longitudinally increased over the 4-year follow-up in the PD group and correlated with PD motor progression. Patients at advanced stages of PD presented with elevated CSF oligomeric-α-synuclein levels compared with healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal transitions of CSF biomarkers over disease progression might not occur linearly and are susceptible to disease state. CSF oligomeric-α-synuclein levels appear to increase with diseases severity and reflect PD motor rather than cognitive trajectories. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour K Majbour
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| | - Ilham Y Abdi
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar.,College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Dakna
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Houda Y Ali Moussa
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| | - Mercy A Thomas
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| | - Claudia Trenkwalder
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | | | - Takahiko Tokuda
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute for Geriatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany
| | - Omar El-Agnaf
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
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27
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Abdi IY, Majbour NK, Willemse EAJ, van de Berg WDJ, Mollenhauer B, Teunissen CE, El-Agnaf OM. Preanalytical Stability of CSF Total and Oligomeric Alpha-Synuclein. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:638718. [PMID: 33762924 PMCID: PMC7982944 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.638718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) alpha-synuclein as a potential biomarker has been challenged mainly due to variable preanalytical measures between laboratories. To evaluate the impact of the preanalytical factors contributing to such variability, the different subforms of alpha-synuclein need to be studied individually. Method: We investigated the effect of exposing CSF samples to several preanalytical sources of variability: (1) different polypropylene (PP) storage tubes; (2) use of non-ionic detergents; (3) multiple tube transfers; (4) multiple freeze-thaw cycles; and (5) delayed storage. CSF oligomeric- and total-alpha-synuclein levels were estimated using our in-house sandwich-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results: Siliconized tubes provided the optimal preservation of CSF alpha-synuclein proteins among other tested polypropylene tubes. The use of tween-20 detergent significantly improved the recovery of oligomeric-alpha-synuclein, while multiple freeze-thaw cycles significantly lowered oligomeric-alpha-synuclein in CSF. Interestingly, oligomeric-alpha-synuclein levels remained relatively stable over multiple tube transfers and upon delayed storage. Conclusion: Our study showed for the first-time distinct impact of preanalytical factors on the different forms of CSF alpha-synuclein. These findings highlight the need for special considerations for the different forms of alpha-synuclein during CSF samples' collection and processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilham Y Abdi
- Neurological Disorders Research Centre, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| | - Nour K Majbour
- Neurological Disorders Research Centre, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| | - Eline A J Willemse
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wilma D J van de Berg
- Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Klinikstraße, Kassel, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Omar M El-Agnaf
- Neurological Disorders Research Centre, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
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28
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Kaiserova M, Grambalova Z, Kurcova S, Otruba P, Prikrylova Vranova H, Mensikova K, Kanovsky P. Premotor Parkinson's disease: Overview of clinical symptoms and current diagnostic methods. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2021; 165:103-112. [PMID: 33542542 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2021.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by typical motor symptoms. However, recent studies show several non-motor features that may precede the development of the motor symptoms of PD. The best known premotor symptoms include hyposmia, REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), constipation, and depression; other symptoms are excessive daytime somnolence, orthostatic hypotension and symptomatic hypotension, erectile or urinary dysfunction, musculoskeletal symptoms, pain, and global cognitive deficit. In this review, we summarize currently available diagnostic methods for these symptoms. We also briefly summarize neuroimaging, polyneuropathy, peripheral markers, and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers that may be used in the early diagnosis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Kaiserova
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Grambalova
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Sandra Kurcova
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Otruba
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Katerina Mensikova
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kanovsky
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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29
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Constantinides VC, Majbour NK, Paraskevas GP, Abdi I, Safieh-Garabedian B, Stefanis L, El-Agnaf OM, Kapaki E. Cerebrospinal Fluid α-Synuclein Species in Cognitive and Movements Disorders. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11010119. [PMID: 33477387 PMCID: PMC7830324 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Total CSF α-synuclein (t-α-syn), phosphorylated α-syn (pS129-α-syn) and α-syn oligomers (o-α-syn) have been studied as candidate biomarkers for synucleinopathies, with suboptimal specificity and sensitivity in the differentiation from healthy controls. Studies of α-syn species in patients with other underlying pathologies are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate possible alterations in CSF α-syn species in a cohort of patients with diverse underlying pathologies. A total of 135 patients were included, comprising Parkinson's disease (PD; n = 13), multiple system atrophy (MSA; n = 9), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP; n = 13), corticobasal degeneration (CBD; n = 9), Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 51), frontotemporal degeneration (FTD; n = 26) and vascular dementia patients (VD; n = 14). PD patients exhibited higher pS129-α-syn/α-syn ratios compared to FTD (p = 0.045), after exclusion of samples with CSF blood contamination. When comparing movement disorders (i.e., MSA vs. PD vs. PSP vs. CBD), MSA patients had lower α-syn levels compared to CBD (p = 0.024). Patients with a synucleinopathy (PD and MSA) exhibited lower t-α-syn levels (p = 0.002; cut-off value: ≤865 pg/mL; sensitivity: 95%, specificity: 69%) and higher pS129-/t-α-syn ratios (p = 0.020; cut-off value: ≥0.122; sensitivity: 71%, specificity: 77%) compared to patients with tauopathies (PSP and CBD). There are no significant α-syn species alterations in non-synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilios C. Constantinides
- Neurochemistry and Biomarkers Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (G.P.P.); (E.K.)
- Ward of Cognitive and movement Disorders, 1st Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2107289285
| | - Nour K. Majbour
- Neurological Disorders Research Centre, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar; (N.K.M.); (I.A.); (O.M.E.-A.)
| | - George P. Paraskevas
- Neurochemistry and Biomarkers Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (G.P.P.); (E.K.)
| | - Ilham Abdi
- Neurological Disorders Research Centre, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar; (N.K.M.); (I.A.); (O.M.E.-A.)
| | | | - Leonidas Stefanis
- Ward of Cognitive and movement Disorders, 1st Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - Omar M. El-Agnaf
- Neurological Disorders Research Centre, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar; (N.K.M.); (I.A.); (O.M.E.-A.)
| | - Elisabeth Kapaki
- Neurochemistry and Biomarkers Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (G.P.P.); (E.K.)
- Ward of Cognitive and movement Disorders, 1st Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
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