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Sun H, Yan X, Wang L, Zhu R, Chen M, Yin J, Zhang X. Insights into the mechanism of L-malic acid on drip loss of chicken meat under commercial conditions. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:14. [PMID: 38287463 PMCID: PMC10823695 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00987-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A deterioration in the meat quality of broilers has attracted much more attention in recent years. L-malic acid (MA) is evidenced to decrease meat drip loss in broilers, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. It's also not sure whether the outputs obtained under experimental conditions can be obtained in a commercial condition. Here, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of dietary MA supplementation on chicken meat drip loss at large-scale rearing. RESULTS Results showed that the growth performance and drip loss were improved by MA supplementation. Meat metabolome revealed that L-2-aminoadipic acid, β-aminoisobutyric acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and nicotinamide, as well as amino acid metabolism pathways connected to the improvements of meat quality by MA addition. The transcriptome analysis further indicated that the effect of MA on drip loss was also related to the proper immune response, evidenced by the enhanced B cell receptor signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, and IL-17 signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS We provided evidence that MA decreased chicken meat drip loss under commercial conditions. Metabolome and transcriptome revealed a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Together, MA could be used as a promising dietary supplement for enhancing the water-holding capacity of chicken meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xue Yan
- New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd./Key Laboratory of Feed and Livestock and Poultry Products Quality & Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610023, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ruimin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Meixia Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jingdong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Kousar M, Kim YR, Kim JY, Park J. Enhancement of Growth and Secondary Metabolites by the Combined Treatment of Trace Elements and Hydrogen Water in Wheat Sprouts. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16742. [PMID: 38069065 PMCID: PMC10706805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the response of Triticum aestivum to hydrogen water (HW) and trace elements treated with HW. A pot experiment was conducted to assess the growth indices, secondary metabolites, and antioxidant levels. The response surface methodology (RSM) approach was used to ascertain the concentrations and significant interaction between treatments. The outcomes demonstrated that the combined treatment of Se acid and Mo oxide exhibited a notable positive effect on the growth and secondary metabolites, when treated with HW as compared to distilled water (DW). Notably, the interaction between these two treatments is significant, and the higher response was observed at the optimal concentration of 0.000005% for Se acid and 0.06% for Mo oxide. Additionally, an in vitro experiment revealed that the mixture treatment inhibits the accumulation of lipids in HepG2 hepatocytes cells. Moreover, metabolic analysis revealed that upregulated metabolites are linked to the inhibition of lipid accumulation. In addition, the analysis emphasizes that the continued benefits of higher plants as a renewable supply for chemicals compounds, especially therapeutic agents, are being expanded and amplified by these state-of-the-art technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muniba Kousar
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232-Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Rim Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232-Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232-Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonho Park
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232-Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
- Center for Functional Biomaterials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232-Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
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Yan E, Guo J, Yin J. Nutritional regulation of skeletal muscle energy metabolism, lipid accumulation and meat quality in pigs. Anim Nutr 2023; 14:185-192. [PMID: 37808951 PMCID: PMC10556049 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The quality of pork determines consumers' purchase intention, which directly affects the economic value of pork. Minimizing the proportion of inferior pork and producing high quality pork are the ultimate goals of the pig industry. Muscle energy metabolism, serving as a regulative hub in organism energy expenditure and storage as a fat deposit, is compatible with myofiber type composition, affecting meat color, intramuscular fat content, tenderness, pH values and drip loss. Increasing data illustrate that dietary nutrients and bioactive ingredients affect muscle energy metabolism, white adipose browning and fat distribution, and myofiber type composition in humans, and rodents. Recently, some studies have shown that modulating muscle energy metabolism and lipid accumulation through nutritional approaches could effectively improve meat quality. This article reviews the progress and development in this field, and specifically discusses the impacts of dietary supply of amino acids, lipids, and gut microbiota as well as maternal nutrition on skeletal muscle energy metabolism, lipid accumulation and meat quality of pigs, so as to provide comprehensive overview with respect to effective avenues for improving meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enfa Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianxin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingdong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Yi W, Huang Q, Wang Y, Shan T. Lipo-nutritional quality of pork: the lipid composition, regulation, and molecular mechanisms of fatty acid deposition. Animal Nutrition 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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Ma S, Zhang K, Shi S, Li X, Che C, Chen P, Liu H. Low-protein diets supplemented with isoleucine alleviate lipid deposition in broilers through activating 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathways. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102441. [PMID: 36599221 PMCID: PMC9823210 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of isoleucine (Ile) on growth performance, meat quality and lipid metabolism of broilers fed a low-protein diet (LPD). The 396 one-day-old male Cobb broilers were allocated to 4 treatment groups as follows: control diet (CON), LPD, LPD + 0.13% Ile (LPD-LI) and LPD + 0.26% Ile (LPD-HI), with nine replicates of 11 broilers each for 42 d. The Ile increased average daily gain, average daily feed intake, fiber density and the mRNA level of myosin heavy chain (MyHC)-I in breast muscle, and decreased feed to gain ratio, shear force, fiber diameter and the mRNA level of MyHC-IIb in breast muscle, which were impaired by the LPD. Compared to the LPD group, broilers in LPD-LI and LPD-HI groups had lower serum lipid levels, liver fat content, abdominal adipose percentage and mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α, ki-67, topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A) and thioredoxin-dependent peroxidase 2 in abdominal adipose and liver X receptors-α, sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) in liver, and higher mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α, carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 1 (CPT-1), and acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1) in liver, which were equal to the CON levels. A LPD supplemented with Ile decreased enzyme activities of ACC and FAS in liver and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and TOP2A in abdominal adipose, and increased enzyme activities of CPT-1 and ACOX1 in liver. Furthermore, Ile supplementation enhanced the mRNA level of leptin receptor and protein levels of phospho-5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mechanistic target of rapamycin, ribosomal protein 70 S6 kinase, janus kinase 2 (JAK2), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and decreased the protein level of SREBP1 in the liver of broilers in LPD group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with Ile to 0.83% could improve growth performance and meat quality and alleviate lipid deposition of broilers fed a LPD through activating AMPK and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Shuyan Shi
- Qingdao Yebio Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266114, China
| | - Xuemin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Chuanyan Che
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Huawei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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Wang L, Wang Y, Xu D, He L, Zhu X, Yin J. Dietary guanidinoacetic acid supplementation improves water holding capacity and lowers free amino acid concentration of fresh meat in finishing pigs fed with various dietary protein levels. Animal Nutrition 2022; 11:112-120. [PMID: 36189375 PMCID: PMC9489522 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The current study was carried out to detect the effect of dietary guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) supplementation on carcass characteristics and meat quality in finishing pigs fed different dietary crude protein (CP) levels. Sixty-four barrows with an initial body weight of 73.05 ± 2.34 kg were randomly allocated into 1 of 4 dietary treatments in a 2 (100% vs. 125% NRC CP level) × 2 (0 vs. 300 mg/kg GAA) factorial arrangement (n = 7). The feeding trial lasted for 49 d. GAA supplementation significantly reduced drip loss (P = 0.01), free water distribution (T23 peak area ratio) (P = 0.05) and the concentrations of free alanine, threonine, methionine and isoleucine (P < 0.05); but increased total glycine content (P = 0.03) in the longissimus dorsi muscle of finishing pigs regardless of the dietary CP levels. Furthermore, primary myogenic cell differentiation system was employed to investigate the influence of inclusion of GAA on free amino acid concentrations in myotubes (n = 4) and validate the finding in the animal feeding trial. We found that GAA inclusion in culture medium also decreased intracellular concentrations of free alanine, threonine, methionine, isoleucine, valine and proline in differentiated primary myogenic cells in vitro (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, relative to diets with 100% NRC CP level, the intake of diets with 125% NRC CP level improved sarcoplasmic protein solubility, increased the contents of carnosine and total free amino acids as well as flavor amino acids in the longissimus dorsi muscle and decreased backfat thickness at the 6–7th ribs in pigs (P < 0.05). In addition, we observed that the impact of dietary GAA supplementation on the last rib fat thickness, shear force, and free lysine content in the longissimus dorsi muscle was dependent on dietary CP levels (P < 0.05). Collectively, dietary GAA supplementation can reduce drip loss, decrease the concentrations of free amino acids and flavor amino acids of fresh meat independent of dietary CP levels.
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Chen Y, Qin Q, Luo J, Dong Y, Lin C, Chen H, Cao Y, Chen Y, Su Z. Litchi flower essential oil balanced lipid metabolism through the regulation of DAF-2/IIS, MDT-15/SBP-1, and MDT-15/NHR-49 pathway. Front Nutr 2022; 9:934518. [PMID: 36337637 PMCID: PMC9627157 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.934518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Many litchi flowers are discarded in China every year. The litchi flower is rich in volatile compounds and exhibits strong anti-obesity activity. Litchi flower essential oil (LFEO) was extracted by the continuous phase transformation device (CPTD) independently developed by our research group to recycle the precious material resources in litchi flowers. However, its fat-reducing effect and mechanism remain unclear. Employing Caenorhabditis elegans as a model, we found that LFEO significantly reduced fat storage and triglyceride (TG) content in normal, glucose-feeding, and high-fat conditions. LFEO significantly reduced body width in worms and significantly decreased both the size and number of lipid droplets in ZXW618. LFEO treatment did not affect energy intake but increased energy consumption by enhancing the average speed of worms. Further, LFEO might balance the fat metabolism in worms by regulating the DAF-2/IIS, sbp-1/mdt-15, and nhr-49/mdt-15 pathways. Moreover, LFEO might inhibit the expression of the acs-2 gene through nhr-49 and reduce β-oxidation activity. Our study presents new insights into the role of LFEO in alleviating fat accumulation and provides references for the large-scale production of LFEO to promote the development of the litchi circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiao Qin
- South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingrui Luo
- South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yusi Dong
- South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunxiu Lin
- South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Houbin Chen
- South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Cao
- South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunjiao Chen
- South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zuanxian Su
- South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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Liu T, Zhang T, Zhang Y, Yang L, Duan Y, Su L, Tian J, Sun L, Wang B, Jin Y. Impact of Feeding Probiotics on Blood Parameters, Tail Fat Metabolites, and Volatile Flavor Components of Sunit Sheep. Foods 2022; 11. [PMID: 36076827 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sheep crude tail fat has unique nutritional values and is used as a raw material for high-quality natural oil. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of probiotics on the metabolites and flavor of sheep crude tail fat. In this study, 12 Sunit sheep were randomly divided into an experimental group (LTF, basal feed + Lactiplantibacillusplantarum powder) and a control group (CTF, basal feed). The results of sheep crude tail fat analysis showed that blood lipid parameters were significantly lower and the expression of fatty acid synthase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase genes higher in the LTF group than in the CTF group (p < 0.05). Metabolomic analysis via liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry showed that the contents of metabolites such as eicosapentaenoic acid, 16-hydroxypalmitic acid, and L-citrulline were higher in the LTF group (p < 0.01). Gas chromatography−mass spectrometry detection of volatile flavor compounds in the tail fat showed that nonanal, decanal, and 1-hexanol were more abundant in the LTF group (p < 0.05). Therefore, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum feeding affected blood lipid parameters, expression of lipid metabolism-related genes, tail fat metabolites, and volatile flavor compounds in Sunit sheep. In this study, probiotics feeding was demonstrated to support high-value sheep crude tail fat production.
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Zhao Y, Dong X, Guo C, Feng L, Liu Y, Jiang W, Wu P, Luo W, Huang X, Chen D, Zhou X, Jiang J. Dietary isoleucine affects muscle fatty acid and amino acid profiles through regulating lipid metabolism and autophagy in hybrid catfish Pelteobagrus vachelli ♀ × Leiocassis longirostris ♂. Animal Nutrition 2022. [PMID: 36329685 PMCID: PMC9618983 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study explored the impacts of Ile on muscle fatty acid and amino acid profiles, lipid metabolism, and autophagy in hybrid catfish. Seven isonitrogenous (387.8 g/kg protein) semi-purified diets were formulated to contain 5.0 (control), 7.5, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 17.5, and 20.0 g Ile/kg diet respectively. The fish (initial weight of 33.11 ± 0.09 g) were randomly assigned to 7 groups for a 56-day trial. Each group has 3 replicates with 30 fish per replicate, fed at 08:00 and 18:00 each day. Results showed that muscle protein and lipid, C14:0, C18:0, C22:0, C14:1, C18:1n-9, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), Arg, Ile, Ala, Cys, Gly, Tyr, essential amino acid (EAA), and total amino acid (TAA) contents and flavor amino acid (FAA)/TAA in muscle had positive linear and/or quadratic responses to dietary Ile levels (P < 0.05). Fatty acid synthase (FAS), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activities had positive linear and/or quadratic responses, but carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1) activity had a negative response with increasing dietary Ile levels (P < 0.05). The mRNA expressions of FAS, SCD, ACC, LPL, fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), FATP1, sterol response element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1), and adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) had positive linear and/or quadratic responses to dietary Ile levels (P < 0.05). The mRNA expressions of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), CPT1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), PPARγ, uncoordinated 51-like kinase 1 (ULK1), beclin1 (Becn1), autophagy-related protein 9α (Atg9α), Atg4b, Atg7, autophagy marker light chain 3 B (LC3B), and SQSTM1 in muscle had negative linear and/or quadratic responses to dietary Ile levels (P < 0.05). The p-AMPK and ULK1 protein levels, and p-AMPK/AMPK were decreased by 12.5 g Ile/kg in the diet (P < 0.05). Finally, SQSTM1 protein level had the opposite effect (P < 0.05). The above results indicate that dietary Ile improves fish muscle fatty acid and amino acid profiles potentially via respectively regulating lipid metabolism and autophagy. The Ile requirement of hybrid catfish (33 to 72 g) were estimated to be 12.63, 13.77, 13.75, 11.45, 10.50, 12.53 and 12.21 g/kg diet based on the regression analysis of protein, lipid, SFA, PUFA, FAA, EAA, and TAA muscle contents, respectively.
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Xu D, Wang Y, Zhang X, Yan E, He L, Wang L, Ma C, Zhang P, Yin J. Dietary Valine/Isoleucine Ratio Impact Carcass Characteristics, Meat Edible Quality and Nutritional Values in Finishing Crossbred Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire Pigs With Different Slaughter Weights. Front Nutr 2022; 9:899871. [PMID: 35898709 PMCID: PMC9313603 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.899871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate effects of dietary ratio of valine to isoleucine [R(V/I)] on carcass characteristics and meat quality of finishing pigs and whether slaughter weight influence the effect. We carried out a 2 × 3 factorial trial with two slaughter weight (105 vs. 130 kg) and three R(V/I) (0.58, 1.23, and 2.60 at 75–100 kg body weight, and 0.70, 1.24, and 2.39 at 100–135 kg body weight for L-, N- and H-R (V/I), respectively). Data show that increasing slaughter weight significantly increased meat color (a*45 min and b*45 min), drip loss and shear force (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, increasing slaughter weight reduced sarcomere length, the proportion of protein-bound water, and most kinds of muscular total amino acid contents except for tryptophan and arginine, while increased contents of muscular free lysine, tryptophan, leucine, isoleucine, valine, alanine, and arginine in the M. longissimus thoracis (P < 0.05). Health lipid indices based on fatty acid composition of intramuscular lipid were improved as the slaughter weight increased (P < 0.05). Notably, pigs received N-R (V/I) diet improved carcass traits in terms of thinner backfat thickness and higher fat-free lean index, as well as increased meat flavor-contributing amino acids at the cost of reduced intramuscular fat content and increased shear force of cooked meat compared with the pigs fed L-R (V/I) and H-R(V/I) diets (P < 0.05). H-R (V/I) diet decreased ultimate pH value and sarcomere length of the skeletal muscle but increased the proportion of free water (T23), consequently, increased drip loss and cooking loss of fresh meat in pigs (P < 0.05). In conclusion, both slaughter weight and dietary ratio of valine to isoleucine exerted significant impacts on carcass characteristics, meat quality and nutrition values. In particular, carcass traits and meat color of lighter pigs were more susceptible to the influence of dietary R (V/I) relative to heavier pigs.
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He L, Guo J, Wang Y, Wang L, Xu D, Yan E, Zhang X, Yin J. Effects of Dietary Yeast β-Glucan Supplementation on Meat Quality, Antioxidant Capacity and Gut Microbiota of Finishing Pigs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11. [PMID: 35883831 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Yeast β-glucan is a natural antioxidant and has been reported to improve growth performance of piglets, but its application in improving pork quality is limited. This study investigated the effects of dietary yeast β-glucan supplementation on meat quality, antioxidant capacity and gut microbiota of finishing pigs. In a 40-day experiment, ninety finishing pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, 70.47 ± 0.04 kg) were randomly allocated into five treatments including a basal diet supplemented with 0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg yeast β-glucan. Results showed that yeast β-glucan significantly increased pH45 min (linear and quadratic, p < 0.01) and a*45 min (linear, p < 0.05), and reduced cooking loss (linear, p < 0.05) and drip loss (quadratic, p < 0.05) of meat in finishing pigs. Importantly, the 200 mg/kg group exhibited the highest values of pH45 min (p < 0.01) and the lowest values of drip loss (p < 0.05), accompanied by a decreased lactate content (p < 0.05) and glycolytic potential (p < 0.05). Dietary supplementation of 200 mg/kg yeast β-glucan markedly increased catalase (CAT) (p < 0.05), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p < 0.05) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) (p < 0.01) activities in skeletal muscle. Moreover, WPS-2 abundance was decreased significantly in colonic digesta by 200 mg/kg yeast β-glucan and exhibited a positive association with muscle lactate content and drip loss. Together, dietary 200 mg/kg yeast β-glucan supplementation effectively improved pH value and the water-holding capacity of fresh meat through reducing muscle postmortem glycolysis, increasing antioxidant capacity and altering the gut microbiota composition of finishing pigs.
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Zhang L, Li F, Guo Q, Duan Y, Wang W, Yang Y, Yin Y, Gong S, Han M, Yin Y. Balanced branched-chain amino acids modulate meat quality by adjusting muscle fiber type conversion and intramuscular fat deposition in finishing pigs. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:3796-3807. [PMID: 34921408 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pork is an important food for humans and improving the quality of pork is closely related to human health. This study was designed to investigate the effects of balanced branched-chain amino acid (BCAA)-supplemented protein-restricted diets on meat quality, muscle fiber types, and intramuscular fat (IMF) in finishing pigs. RESULTS The results showed that, compared with the normal protein diet (160 g kg-1 crude protein), the reduced-protein diet (120 g kg-1 crude protein) supplemented with BCAAs to the ratio of 2:1:2 not only had higher average daily gain (P < 0.05) and carcass weight (P < 0.05) but also improved meat tenderness and juiciness by decreasing shear force (P < 0.05) and increasing water-holding capacity (P < 0.05). In particular, this treatment showed higher (P < 0.05) levels of phospho-acetyl-CoA carboxylase (P-ACC) and peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), and lower (P < 0.05) levels of P-adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (P-AMPK), increasing the composition of IMF and MyHC I (P < 0.05) in the longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM). In terms of health, this group increased eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (P < 0.01) and desirable hypocholesterolemic fatty acids (DHFA) (P < 0.05), and decreased atherogenicity (AI) (P < 0.01) and hypercholesterolemic saturated fatty acids (HSFA) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a novel role for a balanced BCAA-supplemented restricted protein (RP) diet in the epigenetic regulation of more tender and healthier pork by increasing IMF deposition and fiber type conversion, providing a cross-regulatory molecular basis for revealing the nutritional regulation network of meat quality. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengna Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuping Guo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Yuhuan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunju Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Saiming Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengmeng Han
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
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13
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Guo Z, Chen X, Huang Z, Chen D, Li M, Yu B, He J, Luo Y, Yan H, Zheng P. Dihydromyricetin improves meat quality and promotes skeletal muscle fiber type transformations via AMPK signaling in growing-finishing pigs. Food Funct 2022; 13:3649-3659. [PMID: 35262136 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03391c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
As the demand of consumers for good meat quality is increasing, there is more interest in improving pork quality by nutritional regulation. Dihydromyricetin (DHM), a group of bioactive flavonoids, exhibits excellent biological functions and pharmacological activities. This study aimed to investigate whether dietary DHM supplementation in growing-finishing pigs could provide high-quality pork. A total of 24 healthy castrated Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire (DLY) pigs with an average body weight of 26.95 ± 0.26 kg were randomly divided into four groups (basal diet and a basal diet supplemented with 100, 300 and 500 mg kg-1 DHM) with 6 duplicates and one pig per replicate. The growth performance, carcass traits and pork quality of growing-finishing pigs were detected. Then, tandem mass tag (TMT) based quantitative proteomics, western blotting and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were used to explore the regulatory mechanism of DHM on pork quality. The results showed that DHM decreased the feed to gain ratio (F/G) and improved the sensory quality (shear force and meat color) and nutritional value (crude protein content and amino acid composition) of pork in growing-finishing pigs. Totally 22 differentially expressed proteins were identified, among which the down-regulated heat shock protein-β1 (HSPB1) and up-regulated Troponin C-slow (TNNC1) contributed towards explaining the positive effect of DHM on the tenderness and meat color of pork. GO enrichment analysis revealed that better meat color was also linked to higher levels of oxidative metabolism and hemoglobin complexes in pork. Western blotting and RT-qPCR analysis showed that DHM induced a muscle fiber type transformation from fast-switch to slow-switch by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signal, thereby improving the pork quality. Taken together, our findings provide effective evidence for the application of DHM in high-quality pork production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyang Guo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China.
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China.
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China.
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China.
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China.
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China.
| | - Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China.
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China.
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14
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Habibi M, Goodarzi P, Shili CN, Sutton J, Wileman CM, Kim DM, Lin D, Pezeshki A. A Mixture of Valine and Isoleucine Restores the Growth of Protein-Restricted Pigs Likely through Improved Gut Development, Hepatic IGF-1 Pathway, and Plasma Metabolomic Profile. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3300. [PMID: 35328720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Valine (Val) alone or in combination with isoleucine (Ile) improves the growth under severe protein restriction; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we assessed whether Val/Ile-induced growth in protein-restricted pigs is associated with changes in gut development, hepatic insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) production, and blood metabolomics. Forty piglets were assigned to five dietary groups: positive control (PC) with standard protein content; low protein (LP) with very low protein content; and LP supplemented with Val (LPV), Ile (LPI), and Val and Ile (LPVI). LPVI reversed the negative effects of VLP diets on growth and gut morphology. Both LPV and LPVI restored the reduced transcript of IGF-1 while decreasing the transcript of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) in the liver. LPV and LPVI recovered the reduced plasma Val, glycine, and leucine concentrations, which were positively correlated with improved gut morphology and the hepatic IGF-1 gene expression and negatively correlated with hepatic IGFBP1 mRNA abundance. In conclusion, supplementation with a combination of Val and Ile into the VLP diets restored the decreased growth performance of pigs fed with these diets likely through improved gut development, hepatic IGF-1 expression and bioavailability, and plasma metabolomics profile.
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15
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Zhang X, Chen M, Yan E, Wang Y, Ma C, Zhang P, Yin J. Dietary Malic Acid Supplementation Induces Skeletal Muscle Fiber-Type Transition of Weaned Piglets and Further Improves Meat Quality of Finishing Pigs. Front Nutr 2022; 8:825495. [PMID: 35145985 PMCID: PMC8821922 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.825495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate effects of dietary malic acid supplementation on skeletal muscle fiber-type transition during nursery period and the subsequent meat quality of finishing pigs. Results showed that malic acid supplementation for 28 days increased oxidative fiber percentage of weaned piglets, accompanied by the increased aerobic oxidation in serum and longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle. Additionally, activities of total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase in serum were increased. Moreover, dietary malic acid supplementation during nursery period tended to increase pH24h and significantly decreased drip loss in LT muscle of finishing pigs. The content of total saturated fatty acid (SFA) and total monounsaturated fatty acid in LT muscle was significantly decreased, whereas the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acid to SFA tended to increase. Together, dietary malic acid supplementation during nursery period can effectively increase antioxidant capacity and oxidative fibers percentage of weaned piglets, and further improve water holding capacity and nutritional values of pork in finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Meixia Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Enfa Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yubo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenghong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingdong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jingdong Yin
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16
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Song B, Wu T, You P, Wang H, Burke JL, Kang K, Yu W, Wang M, Li B, He Y, Huo Q, Li C, Tian W, Li R, Li J, Wang C, Sun X. Dietary Supplementation of Yeast Culture Into Pelleted Total Mixed Rations Improves the Growth Performance of Fattening Lambs. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:657816. [PMID: 34055948 PMCID: PMC8149762 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.657816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the use of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) culture (YC) for the enhancement of growth performance and general animal health. Grain-based pelleted total mixed rations (TMR) are emerging in intensive sheep farming systems, but it is uncertain if the process of pelleting results in YC becoming ineffective. This study aimed to examine the effects of YC supplemented to pelleted TMR at two proportions of corn in the diet on animal performance, feed digestion, blood parameters, rumen fermentation, and microbial community in fattening lambs. A 2 × 2 factorial design was adopted with two experimental factors and two levels in each factor, resulting in four treatments: (1) low proportion of corn in the diet (LC; 350 g corn/kg diet) without YC, (2) LC with YC (5 g/kg diet), (3) high proportion of corn in the diet (HC; 600 g corn/kg diet) without YC, and (4) HC with YC. Fifty-six 3-month-old male F2 hybrids of thin-tailed sheep and Northeast fine-wool sheep with a liveweight of 19.9 ± 2.7 kg were randomly assigned to the four treatment groups with an equal number of animals in each group. The results showed that live yeast cells could not survive during pelleting, and thus, any biological effects of the YC were the result of feeding dead yeast and the metabolites of yeast fermentation rather than live yeast cells. The supplementation of YC resulted in 31.1 g/day more average daily gain regardless of the proportion of corn in the diet with unchanged feed intake during the 56-day growth measurement period. The digestibility of neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre was increased, but the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein was not affected by YC. The supplementation of YC altered the rumen bacterial population and species, but the most abundant phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria remained unchanged. This study indicates that YC products can be supplemented to pelleted TMR for improved lamb growth performance, although live yeast cells are inactive after pelleting. The improved performance could be attributed to improved fibre digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baijun Song
- The Innovation Centre of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin City, China.,Jilin Inter-regional Cooperation Centre for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin City, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- The Innovation Centre of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin City, China
| | - Peihua You
- Jilin Inter-regional Cooperation Centre for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin City, China.,Portal Agri-Industries Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | | | - Jennifer L Burke
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Kun Kang
- Angel Yeast Co., Ltd., Yichang, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Portal Agri-Industries Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Mengzhi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Bo Li
- The Innovation Centre of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin City, China
| | - Yuhua He
- The Innovation Centre of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin City, China.,Jilin Inter-regional Cooperation Centre for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin City, China
| | - Qin Huo
- The Innovation Centre of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin City, China.,Jilin Inter-regional Cooperation Centre for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin City, China
| | - Changsheng Li
- The Innovation Centre of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin City, China.,Jilin Inter-regional Cooperation Centre for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin City, China
| | - Wannian Tian
- The Innovation Centre of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin City, China.,Jilin Inter-regional Cooperation Centre for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin City, China
| | - Rongquan Li
- The Innovation Centre of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin City, China.,Jilin Inter-regional Cooperation Centre for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin City, China
| | - Jianping Li
- The Innovation Centre of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin City, China.,Jilin Inter-regional Cooperation Centre for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin City, China
| | - Chunqing Wang
- The Innovation Centre of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin City, China.,Jilin Inter-regional Cooperation Centre for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin City, China
| | - Xuezhao Sun
- The Innovation Centre of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin City, China.,Jilin Inter-regional Cooperation Centre for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin City, China
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17
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Li B, Sun X, Huo Q, Zhang G, Wu T, You P, He Y, Tian W, Li R, Li C, Li J, Wang C, Song B. Pelleting of a Total Mixed Ration Affects Growth Performance of Fattening Lambs. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:629016. [PMID: 33681330 PMCID: PMC7928353 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.629016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding pelleted total mixed rations (TMR) instead of traditional loose concentrate plus forage to fattening lambs is an emerging practice. This study aimed to determine the effects of feeding pelleted TMR to fattening lambs on feed intake behaviour, growth performance, feed digestion, rumen fermentation characteristics, rumen microbial community, serum parameters, slaughter performance, meat quality, and the economic outcome. Two physical forms (pelleted vs. un-pelleted) of TMR composed of the same ingredients with the same particle sizes were compared in three animal experiments. Feed intake and average daily gain were higher when the TMR was pelleted, but apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients (organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, and ether extract) and serum parameters were not affected and apparent total tract dry matter digestibility was slightly lower. Feeding pelleted TMR increased total short-chain fatty acid concentration and decreased rumen pH. Rumen microbial community was not affected by the physical form of the TMR at phylum level but changed slightly at genus level. Liveweight at slaughter and hot carcass weight were higher for lambs fed the pelleted compared to the un-pelleted TMR, while dressing percentage and meat quality were not affected. In conclusion, feeding pelleted TMR improves growth performance of fattening lambs mainly due to an increase in feed intake. Feeding pelleted TMR is a feasible strategy for intensive lamb fattening operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- The Innovation Centre of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin City, China
| | - Xuezhao Sun
- The Innovation Centre of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin City, China
- Jilin Inter-Regional Cooperation Centre for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin City, China
| | - Qin Huo
- The Innovation Centre of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin City, China
- Jilin Inter-Regional Cooperation Centre for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin City, China
| | - Guiguo Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- The Innovation Centre of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin City, China
| | - Peihua You
- Jilin Inter-Regional Cooperation Centre for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin City, China
- Portal Agri-Industries Co., Ltd., Nanjing City, China
| | - Yuhua He
- The Innovation Centre of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin City, China
- Jilin Inter-Regional Cooperation Centre for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin City, China
| | - Wannian Tian
- The Innovation Centre of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin City, China
- Jilin Inter-Regional Cooperation Centre for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin City, China
| | - Rongquan Li
- The Innovation Centre of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin City, China
- Jilin Inter-Regional Cooperation Centre for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin City, China
| | - Changsheng Li
- The Innovation Centre of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin City, China
- Jilin Inter-Regional Cooperation Centre for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin City, China
| | - Jianping Li
- The Innovation Centre of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin City, China
- Jilin Inter-Regional Cooperation Centre for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin City, China
| | - Chunqing Wang
- The Innovation Centre of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin City, China
- Jilin Inter-Regional Cooperation Centre for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin City, China
| | - Baijun Song
- The Innovation Centre of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin City, China
- Jilin Inter-Regional Cooperation Centre for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin City, China
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18
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Zhang X, Xu D, Chen M, Wang Y, He L, Wang L, Wu J, Yin J. Impacts of Selected Dietary Nutrient Intakes on Skeletal Muscle Insulin Sensitivity and Applications to Early Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1305-1316. [PMID: 33418570 PMCID: PMC8321846 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As the largest tissue in the body, skeletal muscle not only plays key roles in movement and glucose uptake and utilization but also mediates insulin sensitivity in the body by myokines. Insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle is a major feature of type 2 diabetes (T2D). A weakened response to insulin could lead to muscle mass loss and dysfunction. Increasing evidence in skeletal muscle cells, rodents, nonhuman primates, and humans has shown that restriction of caloric or protein intake positively mediates insulin sensitivity. Restriction of essential or nonessential amino acids was reported to facilitate glucose utilization and regulate protein turnover in skeletal muscle under certain conditions. Furthermore, some minerals, such as zinc, chromium, vitamins, and some natural phytochemicals such as curcumin, resveratrol, berberine, astragalus polysaccharide, emodin, and genistein, have been shown recently to protect skeletal muscle cells, mice, or humans with or without diabetes from insulin resistance. In this review, we discuss the roles of nutritional interventions in the regulation of skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity. A comprehensive understanding of the nutritional regulation of insulin signaling would contribute to the development of tools and treatment programs for improving skeletal muscle health and for preventing T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China,State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Doudou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Meixia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yubo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Linjuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangwei Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, China
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19
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Liu S, Sun Y, Zhao R, Wang Y, Zhang W, Pang W. Isoleucine increases muscle mass through promoting myogenesis and intramyocellular fat deposition. Food Funct 2020; 12:144-153. [PMID: 33289736 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02156c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Isoleucine (Ile), as a branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), has a vital role in regulating body weight and muscle protein synthesis. However, the regulatory effect of Ile on muscle mass under high-fat diet (HFD) conditions and intramyocellular lipid deposition remains largely unclear. In this study, a feeding experiment with HFD with or without 25 g L-1 Ile was performed using 32 wild male C57BL/6J mice randomly divided into two groups. The results showed that Ile significantly increased both muscle and fat mass, as well as causing insulin resistance and meanwhile upregulating the levels of key adipogenic and myogenic proteins. More importantly, Ile damaged the mitochondrial function by vacuolation, swelling and cristae fracture in the gastrocnemius (GAS) and tibialis anterior (TA) with downregulation of mitochondrial function-related genes. Furthermore, Ile promoted myogenesis and more lipid droplet accumulation in myotubes. Compared with the control, the protein levels of myosin heavy chain (MyHC), myoblast determination protein 1 (MyoD), myogenin (MyoG), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARg) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were upregulated in the Ile group, whereas the protein levels of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) were downregulated. Collectively, Ile increased muscle mass through myogenesis and intramyocellular lipid deposition. Our findings provide a new perspective for not only improving the lean juiciness of farm animals by increasing intramyocellular lipid accumulation, but also modulating myopathies under obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuge Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Yunmei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Rui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Yingqian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Wanrong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Weijun Pang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Taniguchi M, Arakawa A, Nishio M, Okamura T, Ohnishi C, Kadowaki K, Kohira K, Homma F, Matsumoto K, Ishii K. Differential Metabolomics Profiles Identified by CE-TOFMS between High and Low Intramuscular Fat Amount in Fattening Pigs. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10080322. [PMID: 32784762 PMCID: PMC7464425 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10080322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The amount of intramuscular fat (IMF) present in the loin eye area is one of the most important characteristics of high-quality pork. IMF measurements are currently impractical without a labor-intensive process. Metabolomic profiling could be used as an IMF indicator to avoid this process; however, no studies have investigated their use during the fattening period of pigs. This study examined the metabolite profiles in the plasma of two groups of pigs derived from the same Duroc genetic line and fed the same diet. Five plasma samples were collected from each individual the day before slaughter. Capillary electrophoresis-time of flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOFMS) was used to analyze the purified plasma from each sample. Principle component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) were used to find the semi-quantitative values of the compounds. The results indicate that branched-chain amino acids are significantly associated with high IMF content, while amino acids are associated with low IMF content. These differences were validated using the quantification analyses by high-performance liquid chromatograph, which supported our results. These results suggest that the concentration of branched-chain amino acids in plasma could be an indicative biomarker for the IMF content in the loin eye area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Taniguchi
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan; (A.A.); (M.N.); (T.O.); (K.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81(0)29-8388627
| | - Aisaku Arakawa
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan; (A.A.); (M.N.); (T.O.); (K.I.)
| | - Motohide Nishio
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan; (A.A.); (M.N.); (T.O.); (K.I.)
| | - Toshihiro Okamura
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan; (A.A.); (M.N.); (T.O.); (K.I.)
| | - Chika Ohnishi
- Miyazaki Station, National Livestock Breeding Center, Kobayashi Miyazaki 886-0004, Japan;
| | - Kouen Kadowaki
- Ibaraki Station, National Livestock Breeding Center, Chikusei Ibaraki 308-0112, Japan;
| | - Kimiko Kohira
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Nishigo Fukushima 961-8511, Japan; (K.K.); (F.H.); (K.M.)
| | - Fumika Homma
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Nishigo Fukushima 961-8511, Japan; (K.K.); (F.H.); (K.M.)
| | - Kazunori Matsumoto
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Nishigo Fukushima 961-8511, Japan; (K.K.); (F.H.); (K.M.)
| | - Kazuo Ishii
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan; (A.A.); (M.N.); (T.O.); (K.I.)
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Ma C, Liu Y, Liu S, Lévesque CL, Zhao F, Yin J, Dong B. Branched chain amino acids alter fatty acid profile in colostrum of sows fed a high fat diet. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:9. [PMID: 32095236 PMCID: PMC7025410 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0423-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) are important substrates for milk protein synthesis in the mammary gland, and are tightly related to lipid metabolism. No study has been performed examining the role of BCAAs with high fat diets on milk fat synthesis. This study was designed to investigate the effect of dietary BCAAs on growth performance of piglets, progeny body weight, and milk fat composition in sows fed a high fat diet. Four diets (CON = control diet; HF = high fat diet with 8% soybean oil; HF-MB=HF plus 0.39% BCAAs; HF-HB=HF plus 0.78% BCAAs) were fed to sows from late gestation to weaning. Results Compared to HF, BCAAs (HF-MB and HF-HB) increased the litter weight (P < 0.05) and overall litter weight gain (P < 0.05) at weaning and increased colostrum fat content by 27.3–35.8% (P < 0.01). Fatty acid profiles between the two doses of BCAAs were similar. Compared with HF, HF-MB tended to decrease the percentage of C18:3n3 (P = 0.063) and increased the percentage of C18:1n9c (P = 0.03). In addition, BCAAs in HF-MB increased the concentration of total fatty acid by 22.1% in colostrum (P = 0.03) but decreased that in serum at parturition by 53.2% (P = 0.027). The fatty acids in colostrum that increased with BCAAs were C15:0, C17:0, C20:3n6, C20:4n6, C20:5n3 and C22:6n3 (P = 0.00~0.04). Colostrum fatty acids of C20:0, C21:0, C22:0, C16:1, C20:1, C18:1n9c also tended to be increased (0.05 < P < 0.1) with BCAAs. The change in sow serum fatty acid profile due to BCAAs was different from that in colostrum. Conclusions BCAAs in high fat diet of sows altered the fatty acid composition in colostrum and enhanced litter growth. Our study indicated that BCAAs supplementation can enhance mammary fatty acid uptake and mammary fat synthesis and that supplemental BCAAs and fat in late gestation and lactation diets for sows can improve reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ma
- 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Yajng Liu
- 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Shaoshuai Liu
- 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Crystal L Lévesque
- 2Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007 USA
| | - Fengqi Zhao
- 3Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA
| | - Jindong Yin
- 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Bing Dong
- 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
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Xu D, Wang Y, Jiao N, Qiu K, Zhang X, Wang L, Wang L, Yin J. The coordination of dietary valine and isoleucine on water holding capacity, pH value and protein solubility of fresh meat in finishing pigs. Meat Sci 2020; 163:108074. [PMID: 32036285 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To investigate coordination of dietary levels of valine (Val) and isoleucine (Ile) on carcass traits and meat quality in pigs, 72 of 73.8 ± 1.6 kg crossbred barrows were randomly divided into a 2 (0.31% vs. 0.65% standard ileum digestible (SID) Val) × 2 (0.25% vs. 0.53% SID Ile) factorial arrangement. As a result, high dietary valine decreased myosin heavy-chain (MyHC)-I mRNA expression, pH24 h value, bound water amount (T21 peak area ratio), sarcoplasmic protein solubility and water holding capacity (WHC) of meat (P < .05). Meanwhile, high dietary isoleucine increased pH24 h value, sarcomere length (P < .05) and tend to decrease drip loss (P = .07). The significant interactions between valine and isoleucine were observed on backfat thickness, water distribution forms and myofibrillar protein solubility (P < .05) of pork. High valine diets undermined WHC of meat probably through decreasing pH24 h value and sarcoplasmic protein solubility considering their significant correlations with drip loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doudou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Aninal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yubo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Aninal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Aninal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Aninal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Aninal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Aninal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Aninal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingdong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Aninal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
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Chen J, Zhang H, Gao H, Kang B, Chen F, Li Y, Fu C, Yao K. Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Alpha-Ketoglutarate in a Low-Protein Diet on Fatty Acid Composition and Lipid Metabolism Related Gene Expression in Muscles of Growing Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9100838. [PMID: 31640132 PMCID: PMC6826391 DOI: 10.3390/ani9100838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) is a critical intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. AKG has been reported to participate in energy production, promote protein synthesis, and improve amino acid metabolism. However, whether AKG functionally participates in the regulation of fat metabolism remains unknown. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the impact of dietary supplementation with AKG on lipid metabolism in a pig model. The present results suggest that AKG supplementation in a reduced-protein diet could increase the intramuscular fat (IMF) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) contents in the biceps femoris muscles of pigs. These effects could be linked to the altered lipid metabolism related gene mRNA expression, which promotes the absorption and deposition of fatty acids in the muscle tissues. The results of this study can provide better understanding of the mechanisms by which dietary AKG modulates muscle lipid metabolism in pigs, and this could help to improve pig feeding strategies and supply high-quality pork for humans. Abstract The aim of the current study was to investigate whether dietary supplementation with alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) in a reduced crude protein (CP) diet would affect fatty acid composition and lipid metabolism related gene expression in the muscles of growing pigs. A total of 27 Large White × Landrace growing pigs at 44 ± 1 d of age (11.96 ± 0.18 kg) were randomly allocated to three treatments (n = 9). Dietary treatments included: (1) normal protein diet with 20% crude protein (CP) (NP); (2) a low crude protein diet formulated to contain approximately 17% CP (LP); and (3) a low crude protein diet with 17% CP supplemented with 1% AKG at the expense of regular corn components (ALP). The experimental trial lasted 35 d. The results showed that compared with the NP and LP diets, supplementation with AKG in a low-protein diet increased the intramuscular fat (IMF), oleic acid (C18:1n-9), and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) contents (p < 0.05), and tended to increase the percentage of palmitoleic acid (C16:1) and stearic acid (C18:0) (p < 0.10) in the biceps femoris and longissimus dorsi muscles of growing pigs. These effects may be associated with increased relative mRNA expression levels of fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), adipocyte determination and differentiation factor 1 (ADD1), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) in skeletal muscle, indicating that AKG might be involved in the differential regulation of some key lipogenic genes in skeletal muscles of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Haihan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Hu Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Baoju Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Fengming Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Yinghui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Chenxing Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Kang Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
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