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Wu L, Hu Z, Lv Y, Ge C, Luo X, Zhan S, Huang W, Shen X, Yu D, Liu B. Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides ameliorate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolism regulation in an aged laying hen model. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:132735. [PMID: 38825293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharides extracted from Hericium erinaceus (HEP) exhibit hepatoprotective activity in the alleviation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, the mechanisms underlying whether and how HEP regulation of the gut microbiota to alleviate liver-associated metabolic disorders are not well understood. This study used an aged laying hen model to explore the mechanisms through which HEP alleviates NAFLD, with a focus on regulatory function of HEP in the gut microbiome. The results showed that HEP ameliorated hepatic damage and metabolic disorders by improving intestinal barrier function and shaping the gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolic profiles. HEP increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and certain tryptophan metabolites, including indole-3-carboxylic acid, kynurenic acid, and tryptamine in the cecum. These metabolites upregulated the expression of ZO-1 and Occludin by activating the AhR and restoring the intestinal barrier integrity. The increased intestinal barrier functions decreased LPS transferring from the intestine to the liver, inhibited hepatic LPS/TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway activation, and reduced hepatic inflammatory response and apoptosis. Fecal microbiota transplantation experiments further confirmed that the hepatoprotective effect is likely mediated by HEP-altered gut microbiota and their metabolites. Overall, dietary HEP could ameliorate the hepatic damage and metabolic disorders of NAFLD through regulating the "gut-liver" axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianchi Wu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhaoying Hu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yujie Lv
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chaoyue Ge
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinyu Luo
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shenao Zhan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weichen Huang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinyu Shen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dongyou Yu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; ZJU-Xinchang Joint Innovation Centre (TianMu Laboratory), Gaochuang Hi-Tech Park, Xinchang 312500, China.
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; ZJU-Xinchang Joint Innovation Centre (TianMu Laboratory), Gaochuang Hi-Tech Park, Xinchang 312500, China.
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Yang J, He Y, Ai Q, Liu C, Ruan Q, Shi Y. Lung-Gut Microbiota and Tryptophan Metabolites Changes in Neonatal Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:3013-3029. [PMID: 38764492 PMCID: PMC11102751 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s459496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Neonatal Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NARDS) is a severe respiratory crisis threatening neonatal life. We aim to identify changes in the lung-gut microbiota and lung-plasma tryptophan metabolites in NARDS neonates to provide a differentiated tool and aid in finding potential therapeutic targets. Patients and Methods Lower respiratory secretions, faeces and plasma were collected from 50 neonates including 25 NARDS patients (10 patients with mild NARDS in the NARDS_M group and 15 patients with moderate-to-severe NARDS in the NARDS_S group) and 25 control patients screened based on gestational age, postnatal age and birth weight. Lower airway secretions and feces underwent 16S rRNA gene sequencing to understand the microbial communities in the lung and gut, while lower airway secretions and plasma underwent LC-MS analysis to understand tryptophan metabolites in the lung and blood. Correlation analyses were performed by comparing differences in microbiota and tryptophan metabolites between NARDS and control, NARDS_S and NARDS_M groups. Results Significant changes in lung and gut microbiota as well as lung and plasma tryptophan metabolites were observed in NARDS neonates compared to controls. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota were increased in the lungs of NARDS neonates, whereas Firmicutes, Streptococcus, and Rothia were reduced. Lactobacillus in the lungs decreased in NARDS_S neonates. Indole-3-carboxaldehyde decreased in the lungs of NARDS neonates, whereas levels of 3-hydroxykynurenine, indoleacetic acid, indolelactic acid, 3-indole propionic acid, indoxyl sulfate, kynurenine, and tryptophan decreased in the lungs of the NARDS_S neonates. Altered microbiota was significantly related to tryptophan metabolites, with changes in lung microbiota and tryptophan metabolites having better differentiated ability for NARDS diagnosis and grading compared to gut and plasma. Conclusion Significant changes occurred in the lung-gut microbiota and lung-plasma tryptophan metabolites of NARDS neonates. Alterations in lung microbiota and tryptophan metabolites were better discriminatory for the diagnosis and grading of NARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Yang
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Neonatology, Jiangxi Hospital Affiliated to Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Ai
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chan Liu
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiqi Ruan
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Shi
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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Liu HY, Zhu C, Zhu M, Yuan L, Li S, Gu F, Hu P, Chen S, Cai D. Alternatives to antibiotics in pig production: looking through the lens of immunophysiology. STRESS BIOLOGY 2024; 4:1. [PMID: 38163818 PMCID: PMC10758383 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00134-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
In the livestock production system, the evolution of porcine gut microecology is consistent with the idea of "The Hygiene Hypothesis" in humans. I.e., improved hygiene conditions, reduced exposure to environmental microorganisms in early life, and frequent use of antimicrobial drugs drive immune dysregulation. Meanwhile, the overuse of antibiotics as feed additives for infectious disease prevention and animal growth induces antimicrobial resistance genes in pathogens and spreads related environmental pollutants. It justifies our attempt to review alternatives to antibiotics that can support optimal growth and improve the immunophysiological state of pigs. In the current review, we first described porcine mucosal immunity, followed by discussions of gut microbiota dynamics during the critical weaning period and the impacts brought by antibiotics usage. Evidence of in-feed additives with immuno-modulatory properties highlighting probiotics, prebiotics, and phytobiotics and their cellular and molecular networking are summarized and reviewed. It may provide insights into the immune regulatory mechanisms of antibiotic alternatives and open new avenues for health management in pig production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agricultural & Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chuyang Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Miaonan Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Long Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Shicheng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Fang Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Ping Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Shihao Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agricultural & Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Demin Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agricultural & Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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He Z, Guo J, Zhang H, Yu J, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Li T, Yan M, Li B, Chen Y, Chen S, Lv G, Su J. Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz polysaccharide improves glycolipid metabolism disorders through activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor by gut flora-produced tryptophan metabolites. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126987. [PMID: 37729987 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are known to confer protection against glycolipid metabolism disorders (GMD) by regulating intestinal flora. In this study, a heterogeneous acidic heteropolysaccharide with high molecular weight mainly composed of fructose was isolated from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (AMP). Supplementation with AMP was shown to improve diet-induced GMD in a rat model, including decreasing the levels of serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, and glucose, and improving hepatic lipidosis and islet cells morphologies. AMP-treated rats also exhibited modified intestinal flora with enrichments of intestinal Lactobacillus and Rothia species, which was accompanied by increased tryptophan metabolites such as indole-3-propionic acid, indole, tryptamine, and tryptophol. These metabolites promote the expression of intestinal aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in nuclear fractions. AhR activation increased the expression levels of IL-22 and GLP-1 proteins and mRNA. IL-22 reduced systemic LPS by upregulating the expression of tight junction proteins, antimicrobial peptides, and mucin to ameliorate intestinal barrier function, and activated the hepatic IL-22R/Stat3/Acox1 signaling pathway to improve lipid metabolism. GLP-1 activated the pancreatic GLP-1R/p-CREB signaling pathway to ameliorate β-cell injury and improve insulin resistance. Therefore, the intestinal microbial-tryptophan metabolism-AhR pathway was deduced to be a mechanism by which this polysaccharide improves GMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen He
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyan Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiwen Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meiqiu Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yigong Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Suhong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guiyuan Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Su
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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Kiernan DP, O’Doherty JV, Sweeney T. The Effect of Prebiotic Supplements on the Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Associated Health Parameters in Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3012. [PMID: 37835619 PMCID: PMC10572080 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Establishing a balanced and diverse microbiota in the GIT of pigs is crucial for optimizing health and performance throughout the production cycle. The post-weaning period is a critical phase, as it is often associated with dysbiosis, intestinal dysfunction and poor performance. Traditionally, intestinal dysfunctions associated with weaning have been alleviated using antibiotics and/or antimicrobials. However, increasing concerns regarding the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria has prompted an industry-wide drive towards identifying natural sustainable dietary alternatives. Modulating the microbiota through dietary intervention can improve animal health by increasing the production of health-promoting metabolites associated with the improved microbiota, while limiting the establishment and proliferation of pathogenic bacteria. Prebiotics are a class of bioactive compounds that resist digestion by gastrointestinal enzymes, but which can still be utilized by beneficial microbes within the GIT. Prebiotics are a substrate for these beneficial microbes and therefore enhance their proliferation and abundance, leading to the increased production of health-promoting metabolites and suppression of pathogenic proliferation in the GIT. There are a vast range of prebiotics, including carbohydrates such as non-digestible oligosaccharides, beta-glucans, resistant starch, and inulin. Furthermore, the definition of a prebiotic has recently expanded to include novel prebiotics such as peptides and amino acids. A novel class of -biotics, referred to as "stimbiotics", was recently suggested. This bioactive group has microbiota-modulating capabilities and promotes increases in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production in a disproportionally greater manner than if they were merely substrates for bacterial fermentation. The aim of this review is to characterize the different prebiotics, detail the current understating of stimbiotics, and outline how supplementation to pigs at different stages of development and production can potentially modulate the GIT microbiota and subsequently improve the health and performance of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon P. Kiernan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 W6F6 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - John V. O’Doherty
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 W6F6 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Torres Sweeney
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 W6F6 Dublin, Ireland;
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Kiernan DP, O’Doherty JV, Sweeney T. The Effect of Maternal Probiotic or Synbiotic Supplementation on Sow and Offspring Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Health, and Performance. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2996. [PMID: 37835602 PMCID: PMC10571980 DOI: 10.3390/ani13192996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens has prompted the reduction in antibiotic and antimicrobial use in commercial pig production. This has led to increased research efforts to identify alternative dietary interventions to support the health and development of the pig. The crucial role of the GIT microbiota in animal health and performance is becoming increasingly evident. Hence, promoting an improved GIT microbiota, particularly the pioneer microbiota in the young pig, is a fundamental focus. Recent research has indicated that the sow's GIT microbiota is a significant contributor to the development of the offspring's microbiota. Thus, dietary manipulation of the sow's microbiota with probiotics or synbiotics, before farrowing and during lactation, is a compelling area of exploration. This review aims to identify the potential health benefits of maternal probiotic or synbiotic supplementation to both the sow and her offspring and to explore their possible modes of action. Finally, the results of maternal sow probiotic and synbiotic supplementation studies are collated and summarized. Maternal probiotic or synbiotic supplementation offers an effective strategy to modulate the sow's microbiota and thereby enhance the formation of a health-promoting pioneer microbiota in the offspring. In addition, this strategy can potentially reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in the sow and her offspring, enhance the immune potential of the milk, the immune system development in the offspring, and the sow's feed intake during lactation. Although many studies have used probiotics in the maternal sow diet, the most effective probiotic or probiotic blends remain unclear. To this extent, further direct comparative investigations using different probiotics are warranted to advance the current understanding in this area. Moreover, the number of investigations supplementing synbiotics in the maternal sow diet is limited and is an area where further exploration is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon P. Kiernan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 C1P1 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - John V. O’Doherty
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, D04 C1P1 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Torres Sweeney
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 C1P1 Dublin, Ireland;
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7
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Oluwagbemigun K, Anesi A, Vrhovsek U, Mattivi F, Martino Adami P, Pentzek M, Scherer M, Riedel-Heller SG, Weyerer S, Bickel H, Wiese B, Schmid M, Cryan JF, Ramirez A, Wagner M, Nöthlings U. An Investigation into the Relationship of Circulating Gut Microbiome Molecules and Inflammatory Markers with the Risk of Incident Dementia in Later Life. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03513-6. [PMID: 37605096 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03513-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome may be involved in the occurrence of dementia primarily through the molecular mechanisms of producing bioactive molecules and promoting inflammation. Epidemiological evidence linking gut microbiome molecules and inflammatory markers to dementia risk has been mixed, and the intricate interplay between these groups of biomarkers suggests that their joint investigation in the context of dementia is warranted. We aimed to simultaneously investigate the association of circulating levels of selected gut microbiome molecules and inflammatory markers with dementia risk. This case-cohort epidemiological study included 805 individuals (83 years, 66% women) free of dementia at baseline. Plasma levels of 19 selected gut microbiome molecules comprising lipopolysaccharide, short-chain fatty acids, and indole-containing tryptophan metabolites as well as four inflammatory markers measured at baseline were linked to incident all-cause (ACD) and Alzheimer's disease dementia (AD) in binary outcomes and time-to-dementia analyses. Independent of several covariates, seven gut microbiome molecules, 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid, indole-3-acryloylglycine, indole-3-lactic acid, indole-3-acetic acid methyl ester, isobutyric acid, and 2-methylbutyric acid, but no inflammatory markers discriminated incident dementia cases from non-cases. Furthermore, 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (hazard ratio: 0.58; 0.36-0.94, P = 0.025) was associated with time-to-ACD. These molecules underpin gut microbiome-host interactions in the development of dementia and they may be crucial in its prevention and intervention strategies. Future larger epidemiological studies are needed to confirm our findings, specifically in exploring the repeatedly measured circulating levels of these molecules and investigating their causal relationship with dementia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolade Oluwagbemigun
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Andrea Anesi
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), 38098, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), 38098, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), 38098, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Pamela Martino Adami
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Pentzek
- Institute of General Practice, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Scherer
- Department of Primary Medical Care, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center, 20246, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Steffi G Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Siegfried Weyerer
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Horst Bickel
- Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Birgitt Wiese
- Institute of General Practice, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmid
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, T12 XF62, Ireland
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50924, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
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