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Butler ML, Pervaiz N, Ypsilantis P, Wang Y, Cammasola Breda J, Mazzilli S, Nicks R, Spurlock E, Hefti MM, Huber BR, Alvarez VE, Stein TD, Campbell JD, McKee AC, Cherry JD. Repetitive head impacts induce neuronal loss and neuroinflammation in young athletes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.26.586815. [PMID: 38585925 PMCID: PMC10996668 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.26.586815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Repetitive head impacts (RHI) sustained from contact sports are the largest risk factor for chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Currently, CTE can only be diagnosed after death and the multicellular cascade of events that trigger initial hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) deposition remain unclear. Further, the symptoms endorsed by young individuals with early disease are not fully explained by the extent of p-tau deposition, severely hampering development of therapeutic interventions. Here, we show that RHI exposure associates with a multicellular response in young individuals (<51 years old) prior to the onset of CTE p-tau pathology that correlates with number of years of RHI exposure. Leveraging single nucleus RNA sequencing of tissue from 8 control, 9 RHI-exposed, and 11 low stage CTE individuals, we identify SPP1+ inflammatory microglia, angiogenic and inflamed endothelial cell profiles, reactive astrocytes, and altered synaptic gene expression in excitatory and inhibitory neurons in all individuals with exposure to RHI. Surprisingly, we also observe a significant loss of cortical sulcus layer 2/3 neurons in contact sport athletes compared to controls independent of p-tau pathology. These results provide robust evidence that multiple years of RHI exposure is sufficient to induce lasting cellular alterations that may underlie p-tau deposition and help explain the early clinical symptoms observed in young former contact sport athletes. Furthermore, these data identify specific cellular responses to repetitive head impacts that may direct future identification of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for CTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane L.M.D. Butler
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA
| | - Nida Pervaiz
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
| | | | - Yichen Wang
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
| | - Julia Cammasola Breda
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
| | - Sarah Mazzilli
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
| | | | | | - Marco M. Hefti
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City IA, USA
| | - Bertrand R. Huber
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain MA, USA
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
| | - Victor E. Alvarez
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain MA, USA
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
| | - Thor D. Stein
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain MA, USA
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford MA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
| | - Joshua D. Campbell
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
| | - Ann C. McKee
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Cherry
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
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Katchur NJ, Notterman DA. Recent insights from non-mammalian models of brain injuries: an emerging literature. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1378620. [PMID: 38566857 PMCID: PMC10985199 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1378620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major global health concern and is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Repetitive TBIs (rTBIs), commonly observed in contact sports, military service, and intimate partner violence (IPV), pose a significant risk for long-term sequelae. To study the long-term consequences of TBI and rTBI, researchers have typically used mammalian models to recapitulate brain injury and neurodegenerative phenotypes. However, there are several limitations to these models, including: (1) lengthy observation periods, (2) high cost, (3) difficult genetic manipulations, and (4) ethical concerns regarding prolonged and repeated injury of a large number of mammals. Aquatic vertebrate model organisms, including Petromyzon marinus (sea lampreys), zebrafish (Danio rerio), and invertebrates, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), and Drosophila melanogaster (Drosophila), are emerging as valuable tools for investigating the mechanisms of rTBI and tauopathy. These non-mammalian models offer unique advantages, including genetic tractability, simpler nervous systems, cost-effectiveness, and quick discovery-based approaches and high-throughput screens for therapeutics, which facilitate the study of rTBI-induced neurodegeneration and tau-related pathology. Here, we explore the use of non-vertebrate and aquatic vertebrate models to study TBI and neurodegeneration. Drosophila, in particular, provides an opportunity to explore the longitudinal effects of mild rTBI and its impact on endogenous tau, thereby offering valuable insights into the complex interplay between rTBI, tauopathy, and neurodegeneration. These models provide a platform for mechanistic studies and therapeutic interventions, ultimately advancing our understanding of the long-term consequences associated with rTBI and potential avenues for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J. Katchur
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
- Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Daniel A. Notterman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
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Alosco ML, Adler CH, Dodick DW, Tripodis Y, Balcer LJ, Bernick C, Banks SJ, Barr WB, Wethe JV, Palmisano JN, Martin B, Hartlage K, Cantu RC, Geda YE, Katz DI, Mez J, Cummings JL, Shenton ME, Reiman EM, Stern RA. Examination of parkinsonism in former elite American football players. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2024; 120:105903. [PMID: 37981539 PMCID: PMC10922636 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Former American football players are at risk for chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) which may have parkinsonism as a clinical feature. OBJECTIVE Former football players were prospectively assessed for parkinsonism. METHODS 120 former professional football players, 58 former college football players, and 60 same-age asymptomatic men without repetitive head impacts, 45-74 years, were studied using the MDS-UPDRS to assess for parkinsonism, and the Timed Up and Go (TUG). Traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES), the clinical syndrome of CTE, was adjudicated and includes parkinsonism diagnosis. Fisher's Exact Test compared groups on parkinsonism due to small cell sizes; analysis of covariance or linear regressions controlling for age and body mass index were used otherwise. RESULTS Twenty-two (12.4%) football players (13.3% professional, 10.3% college) met parkinsonism criteria compared with two (3.3%) in the unexposed group. Parkinsonism was higher in professional (p = 0.037) but not college players (p = 0.16). There were no differences on the MDS-UPDRS Part III total scores. Scores on the individual MDS-UPDRS items were low. TUG times were longer in former professional but not college players compared with unexposed men (13.09 versus 11.35 s, p < 0.01). There were no associations between years of football, age of first exposure, position or level of play on motor outcomes. TES status was not associated with motor outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Parkinsonism rates in this sample of football players was low and highest in the professional football players. The association between football and parkinsonism is inconclusive and depends on factors related to sample selection, comparison groups, and exposure characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Alosco
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Boston University CTE Center, Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles H Adler
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.
| | - David W Dodick
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Yorghos Tripodis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura J Balcer
- Departments of Neurology, Population Health and Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles Bernick
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Sarah J Banks
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - William B Barr
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer V Wethe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Joseph N Palmisano
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center (BEDAC), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brett Martin
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center (BEDAC), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kaitlin Hartlage
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center (BEDAC), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert C Cantu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Douglas I Katz
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Boston University CTE Center, Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jesse Mez
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Boston University CTE Center, Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Jeffery L Cummings
- Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, And Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric M Reiman
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, University of Arizona, Arizona State University, Translational Genomics Research Institute, and Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Robert A Stern
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Boston University CTE Center, Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian, Boston, MA, USA
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Agrawal S, Leurgans SE, Barnes LL, Dams-O’Connor K, Mez J, Bennett DA, Schneider JA. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy and aging-related tau astrogliopathy in community-dwelling older persons with and without moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2024; 83:181-193. [PMID: 38300796 PMCID: PMC10880068 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined the frequency of chronic traumatic encephalopathy-neuropathologic change (CTE-NC) and aging-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG) in community-dwelling older adults and tested the hypothesis that these tau pathologies are associated with a history of moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (msTBI), defined as a TBI with loss of consciousness >30 minutes. We evaluated CTE-NC, ARTAG, and Alzheimer disease pathologies in 94 participants with msTBI and 94 participants without TBI matched by age, sex, education, and dementia status TBI from the Rush community-based cohorts. Six (3%) of brains showed the pathognomonic lesion of CTE-NC; only 3 of these had a history of msTBI. In contrast, ARTAG was common in older brains (gray matter ARTAG = 77%; white matter ARTAG = 54%; subpial ARTAG = 51%); there were no differences in severity, type, or distribution of ARTAG pathology with respect to history of msTBI. Furthermore, those with msTBI did not have higher levels of PHF-tau tangles density but had higher levels of amyloid-β load (Estimate = 0.339, SE = 0.164, p = 0.040). These findings suggest that CTE-NC is infrequent while ARTAG is common in the community and that both pathologies are unrelated to msTBI. The association of msTBI with amyloid-β, rather than with tauopathies suggests differential mechanisms of neurodegeneration in msTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Agrawal
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sue E Leurgans
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lisa L Barnes
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kristen Dams-O’Connor
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Mt Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mt Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jesse Mez
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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5
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van Amerongen S, Pulukuri SV, Tuz-Zahra F, Tripodis Y, Cherry JD, Bernick C, Geda YE, Wethe JV, Katz DI, Alosco ML, Adler CH, Balcer LJ, Ashton NJ, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Daneshvar DH, Colasurdo EA, Iliff JJ, Li G, Peskind ER, Shenton ME, Reiman EM, Cummings JL, Stern RA. Inflammatory biomarkers for neurobehavioral dysregulation in former American football players: findings from the DIAGNOSE CTE Research Project. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:46. [PMID: 38336728 PMCID: PMC10854026 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03034-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES) is defined as the clinical manifestation of the neuropathological entity chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). A core feature of TES is neurobehavioral dysregulation (NBD), a neuropsychiatric syndrome in repetitive head impact (RHI)-exposed individuals, characterized by a poor regulation of emotions/behavior. To discover biological correlates for NBD, we investigated the association between biomarkers of inflammation (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and NBD symptoms in former American football players and unexposed individuals. METHODS Our cohort consisted of former American football players, with (n = 104) or without (n = 76) NBD diagnosis, as well as asymptomatic unexposed individuals (n = 55) from the DIAGNOSE CTE Research Project. Specific measures for NBD were derived (i.e., explosivity, emotional dyscontrol, impulsivity, affective lability, and a total NBD score) from a factor analysis of multiple self-report neuropsychiatric measures. Analyses of covariance tested differences in biomarker concentrations between the three groups. Within former football players, multivariable linear regression models assessed relationships among log-transformed inflammatory biomarkers, proxies for RHI exposure (total years of football, cumulative head impact index), and NBD factor scores, adjusted for relevant confounding variables. Sensitivity analyses tested (1) differences in age subgroups (< 60, ≥ 60 years); (2) whether associations could be identified with plasma inflammatory biomarkers; (3) associations between neurodegeneration and NBD, using plasma neurofilament light (NfL) chain protein; and (4) associations between biomarkers and cognitive performance to explore broader clinical symptoms related to TES. RESULTS CSF IL-6 was higher in former American football players with NBD diagnosis compared to players without NBD. Furthermore, elevated levels of CSF IL-6 were significantly associated with higher emotional dyscontrol, affective lability, impulsivity, and total NBD scores. In older football players, plasma NfL was associated with higher emotional dyscontrol and impulsivity, but also with worse executive function and processing speed. Proxies for RHI exposure were not significantly associated with biomarker concentrations. CONCLUSION Specific NBD symptoms in former American football players may result from multiple factors, including neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Future studies need to unravel the exact link between NBD and RHI exposure, including the role of other pathophysiological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan van Amerongen
- Boston University CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Surya V Pulukuri
- Boston University CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fatima Tuz-Zahra
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yorghos Tripodis
- Boston University CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan D Cherry
- Boston University CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bedford, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles Bernick
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Yonas E Geda
- Department of Neurology and the Franke Global Neuroscience Education Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jennifer V Wethe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Douglas I Katz
- Boston University CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Brain Injury Program, Encompass Health Braintree Rehabilitation Hospital, Braintree, MA, USA
| | - Michael L Alosco
- Boston University CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles H Adler
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Laura J Balcer
- Departments of Neurology, Population Health and Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Institute Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Institute Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Daniel H Daneshvar
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Colasurdo
- Veterans Affairs Northwest Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Iliff
- Veterans Affairs Northwest Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gail Li
- Veterans Affairs Northwest Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System Geriatric Research, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elaine R Peskind
- Veterans Affairs Northwest Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric M Reiman
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, University of Arizona, Arizona State University, Translational Genomics Research Institute, and Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Cummings
- Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Robert A Stern
- Boston University CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Departments of Neurosurgery, and Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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6
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Guan L, Tan J, Qi B, Chen Y, Tong E, Pan J, Zou Y. The bibliometric and altmetric analysis of chronic traumatic encephalopathy research: how great is the impact? Front Neurol 2024; 15:1294125. [PMID: 38390592 PMCID: PMC10883053 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1294125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The study of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) has received great attention from academia and the general public. This study aims to analyze the research productivity on CTE and investigate the most discussed articles in academia and the general public by conducting bibliometric and altmetric analyses. Methods Data of articles were obtained from the Web of Science Core Databases and Altmetric Explore. VOSviewer and CiteSpace software were used to analyze and visualize the articles. The correlation between Altmetric attention scores (AAS) and citation counts were assessed by Spearman correlation coefficient. Results 788 publications of CTE were eventually gathered and analyzed, and 100 articles with highest citation counts (Top-cited) and 100 articles with highest AASs (Top-AAS) were then identified. The keywords density map showed both the general public and the scientists were particularly interested in the risk factors and pathology of CTE, and scientists were interested in the causes and characteristics of neurodegenerative diseases while the public became increasingly concerned about the detection and prevention of CTE. By examining the shared characteristics of the 44 articles (High-High articles) that overlapped between Top-cited and Top-AAS articles, we identified certain traits that may potentially contribute to their high citation rates and high AASs. Besides, significant positive correlations with varied strength between AAS and citation were observed in the 788 articles, Top-cited, Top-AAS and High-High datasets. Conclusion This study is the first to link bibliometric and altmetric analyses for CTE publications, which may provide deeper understanding of the attention of the scientists and the general public pay to the study of CTE, and offer some guidance and inspiration for future CTE in the selection of research topics and directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Guan
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingwang Tan
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bote Qi
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yukang Chen
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Enyu Tong
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingcheng Pan
- College of Physical Education, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, China
| | - Yu Zou
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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7
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Karnik SJ, Margetts TJ, Wang HS, Movila A, Oblak AL, Fehrenbacher JC, Kacena MA, Plotkin LI. Mind the Gap: Unraveling the Intricate Dance Between Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias and Bone Health. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2024; 22:165-176. [PMID: 38285083 PMCID: PMC10912190 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00847-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review examines the linked pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease/related dementia (AD/ADRD) and bone disorders like osteoporosis. The emphasis is on "inflammaging"-a low-level inflammation common to both, and its implications in an aging population. RECENT FINDINGS Aging intensifies both ADRD and bone deterioration. Notably, ADRD patients have a heightened fracture risk, impacting morbidity and mortality, though it is uncertain if fractures worsen ADRD. Therapeutically, agents targeting inflammation pathways, especially Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) and TNF-α, appear beneficial for both conditions. Additionally, treatments like Sirtuin 1 (SIRT-1), known for anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, are gaining attention. The interconnectedness of AD/ADRD and bone health necessitates a unified treatment approach. By addressing shared mechanisms, we can potentially transform therapeutic strategies, enriching our understanding and refining care in our aging society. This review article is part of a series of multiple manuscripts designed to determine the utility of using artificial intelligence for writing scientific reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali J Karnik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Tyler J Margetts
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Hannah S Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Alexandru Movila
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Adrian L Oblak
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jill C Fehrenbacher
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Lilian I Plotkin
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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8
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Hageman G, Hageman I, Nihom J. Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Soccer Players: Review of 14 Cases. Clin J Sport Med 2024; 34:69-80. [PMID: 37403989 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000001174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to repetitive sports-related concussions or (sub)concussive head trauma may lead to chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Which impact (heading or concussion) poses the greatest risk of CTE development in soccer players? DESIGN Narrative review. SETTING Teaching hospital and University of Applied sciences. PATIENTS A literature search (PubMed) was conducted for neuropathologic studies in the period 2005-December 2022, investigating soccer players with dementia and a CTE diagnosis, limited to English language publications. 210 papers were selected for final inclusion, of which 7 papers described 14 soccer players. ASSESSMENT Magnetic resonance imaging studies in soccer players show that lifetime estimates of heading numbers are inversely correlated with cortical thickness, grey matter volume, and density of the anterior temporal cortex. Using diffusion tensor imaging-magnetic resonance imaging, higher frequency of headings-particularly with rotational accelerations-are associated with impaired white matter integrity. Serum neurofilament light protein is elevated after heading. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Chronic traumatic encephalopathy pathology, history of concussion, heading frequency. RESULTS In 10 of 14 soccer players, CTE was the primary diagnosis. In 4 cases, other dementia types formed the primary diagnosis and CTE pathology was a concomitant finding. Remarkably, 6 of the 14 cases had no history of concussion, suggesting that frequent heading may be a risk for CTE in patients without symptomatic concussion. Rule changes in heading duels, management of concussion during the game, and limiting the number of high force headers during training are discussed. CONCLUSIONS Data suggest that heading frequency and concussions are associated with higher risk of developing CTE in (retired) soccer players. However based on this review of only 14 players, questions persist as to whether or not heading is a risk factor for CTE or long-term cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Hageman
- Department of Neurology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Hospital Enschede, Enschede, the Netherlands; and
| | - Ivar Hageman
- Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Jik Nihom
- Department of Neurology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Hospital Enschede, Enschede, the Netherlands; and
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9
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Park JY, Park J, Baek J, Chang JW, Kim YG, Chang WS. Long-term results on the suppression of secondary brain injury by early administered low-dose baclofen in a traumatic brain injury mouse model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18563. [PMID: 37903976 PMCID: PMC10616194 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45600-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary injury from traumatic brain injury (TBI) perpetuates cerebral damages through varied ways. Attenuating neuroinflammation, which is a key feature of TBI, is important for long-term prognosis of its patients. Baclofen, a muscle relaxant, has shown promise in reducing excessive inflammation in other neurologic disorders. However, its effectiveness in TBI remains ambiguous. Thus, our study aimed to investigate whether early administration of baclofen could elicit potential therapeutic effects by diminishing exaggerated neuroinflammation in TBI mice. In this study, 80 C57BL/6 mice were used, of which 69 mice received controlled cortical impact. The mice were divided into six groups (11-16 mice each). Baclofen, administered at dose of 0.05, 0.2 and 1 mg/kg, was injected intraperitoneally a day after TBI for 3 consecutive weeks. 3 weeks after completing the treatments, the mice were assessed histologically. The results showed that mice treated with baclofen exhibited a significantly lower volume of lesion tissue than TBI mice with normal saline. Baclofen also reduced activated glial cells with neurotoxic immune molecules and inhibited apoptotic cells. Significant recovery was observed and sustained for 6 weeks at the 0.2 mg/kg dose in the modified neurological severity score. Furthermore, memory impairment was recovered with low-doses of baclofen in the Y-maze. Our findings demonstrate that early administration of low dose baclofen can regulate neuroinflammation, prevent cell death, and improve TBI motor and cognitive abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Junwon Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Baek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Goo Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Mok 5-dong, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won Seok Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Stern RA, Trujillo-Rodriguez D, Tripodis Y, Pulukuri SV, Alosco ML, Adler CH, Balcer LJ, Bernick C, Baucom Z, Marek KL, McClean MD, Johnson KA, McKee AC, Stein TD, Mez J, Palmisano JN, Cummings JL, Shenton ME, Reiman EM. Amyloid PET across the cognitive spectrum in former professional and college American football players: findings from the DIAGNOSE CTE Research Project. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:166. [PMID: 37798671 PMCID: PMC10552261 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01315-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to repetitive head impacts (RHI) in American football players can lead to cognitive impairment and dementia due to neurodegenerative disease, particularly chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). The pathognomonic lesion of CTE consists of perivascular aggregates of hyper-phosphorylated tau in neurons at the depths of cortical sulci. However, it is unclear whether exposure to RHI accelerates amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque formation and increases the risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the Aβ neuritic plaques characteristic of AD are observed in a minority of later-stage CTE cases, diffuse plaques are more common. This study examined whether former professional and college American football players, including those with cognitive impairment and dementia, have elevated neuritic Aβ plaque density, as measured by florbetapir PET. Regardless of cognitive and functional status, elevated levels of florbetapir uptake were not expected. METHODS We examined 237 men ages 45-74, including 119 former professional (PRO) and 60 former college (COL) football players, with and without cognitive impairment and dementia, and 58 same-age men without a history of contact sports or TBI (unexposed; UE) and who denied cognitive or behavioral symptoms at telephone screening. Former players were categorized into four diagnostic groups: normal cognition, subjective memory impairment, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia. Positive florbetapir PET was defined by cortical-cerebellar average SUVR of ≥ 1.10. Multivariable linear regression and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) compared florbetapir average SUVR across diagnostic and exposure groups. Multivariable logistic regression compared florbetapir positivity. Race, education, age, and APOE4 were covariates. RESULTS There were no diagnostic group differences either in florbetapir average SUVR or the proportion of elevated florbetapir uptake. Average SUVR means also did not differ between exposure groups: PRO-COL (p = 0.94, 95% C.I. = [- 0.033, 0.025]), PRO-UE (p = 0.40, 95% C.I. = [- 0.010, 0.029]), COL-UE (p = 0.36, 95% CI = [0.0004, 0.039]). Florbetapir was not significantly associated with years of football exposure, cognition, or daily functioning. CONCLUSIONS Cognitive impairment in former American football players is not associated with PET imaging of neuritic Aβ plaque deposition. These findings are inconsistent with a neuropathological diagnosis of AD in individuals with substantial RHI exposure and have both clinical and medico-legal implications. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02798185.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Stern
- Boston University CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Boston, MA, L525, USA.
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Departments of Neurosurgery, and Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Diana Trujillo-Rodriguez
- Boston University CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Boston, MA, L525, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yorghos Tripodis
- Boston University CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Boston, MA, L525, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Surya V Pulukuri
- Boston University CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Boston, MA, L525, USA
| | - Michael L Alosco
- Boston University CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Boston, MA, L525, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles H Adler
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Laura J Balcer
- Departments of Neurology, Population Health and Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles Bernick
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Zachary Baucom
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth L Marek
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Invicro, LLC, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael D McClean
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keith A Johnson
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ann C McKee
- Boston University CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Boston, MA, L525, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thor D Stein
- Boston University CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Boston, MA, L525, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jesse Mez
- Boston University CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Boston, MA, L525, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph N Palmisano
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center (BEDAC), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Cummings
- Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric M Reiman
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, University of Arizona, Arizona State University, Translational Genomics Research Institute, and Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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11
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Rubin LH, Du Y, Sweeney SE, O’Toole R, Thomas CL, Zandi AG, Shinehouse LK, Brosnan MK, Nam H, Burke ME, Bureau SC, Kilgore JJ, Yoon M, Soule AR, Lesniak WG, Minn I, Rowe SP, Holt DP, Hall AW, Mathews WB, Smith GS, Nowinski CJ, Kassiou M, Dannals RF, Pomper MG, Coughlin JM. Imaging Brain Injury in Former National Football League Players. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2340580. [PMID: 37902750 PMCID: PMC10616723 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.40580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Pilot studies that involved early imaging of the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) using positron emission tomography (PET) indicated high levels of TSPO in the brains of active or former National Football League (NFL) players. If validated further in larger studies, those findings may have implications for athletes involved in collision sport. Objective To test for higher TSPO that marks brain injury and repair in a relatively large, unique cohort of former NFL players compared with former elite, noncollision sport athletes. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study used carbon 11-labeled N,N-diethyl-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-acetamide positron emission tomography ([11C]DPA-713 PET) data from former NFL players within 12 years of last participation in the NFL and elite noncollision sport athletes from across the US. Participants were enrolled between April 2018 and February 2023. Main outcomes and measures Regional [11C]DPA-713 total distribution volume from [11C]DPA-713 PET that is a measure of regional brain TSPO; regional brain volumes on magnetic resonance imaging; neuropsychological performance, including attention, executive function, and memory domains. Results This study included 27 former NFL players and 27 former elite, noncollision sport athletes. Regional TSPO levels were higher in former NFL players compared with former elite, noncollision sport athletes (unstandardized β coefficient, 1.08; SE, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.65 to 1.52; P < .001). The magnitude of the group difference depended on region, with largest group differences in TSPO in cingulate and frontal cortices as well as hippocampus. Compared with noncollision sport athletes, former NFL players performed worse in learning (mean difference [MD], -0.70; 95% CI, -1.14 to -0.25; P = .003) and memory (MD, -0.77; 95% CI, -1.24 to -0.30; P = .002), with no correlation between total gray matter TSPO and these cognitive domains. Conclusions and relevance In this cross-sectional study using [11C]DPA-713 PET, higher brain TSPO was found in former NFL players compared with noncollision sport athletes. This finding is consistent with neuroimmune activation even after cessation of NFL play. Future longitudinal [11C]DPA-713 PET and neuropsychological testing promises to inform whether neuroimmune-modulating therapy may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah H. Rubin
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yong Du
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shannon Eileen Sweeney
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Riley O’Toole
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Cykyra L. Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Adeline G. Zandi
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Laura K. Shinehouse
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mary Katherine Brosnan
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hwanhee Nam
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | - Jessica J. Kilgore
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mark Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ana R. Soule
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wojciech G. Lesniak
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Il Minn
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Steven P. Rowe
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniel P. Holt
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrew W. Hall
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - William B. Mathews
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gwenn S. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christopher J. Nowinski
- Concussion Legacy Foundation, Boston, Massachusetts
- Alzheimer’s Disease and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Kassiou
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert F. Dannals
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Martin G. Pomper
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jennifer M. Coughlin
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
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12
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McKee AC, Mez J, Abdolmohammadi B, Butler M, Huber BR, Uretsky M, Babcock K, Cherry JD, Alvarez VE, Martin B, Tripodis Y, Palmisano JN, Cormier KA, Kubilus CA, Nicks R, Kirsch D, Mahar I, McHale L, Nowinski C, Cantu RC, Stern RA, Daneshvar D, Goldstein LE, Katz DI, Kowall NW, Dwyer B, Stein TD, Alosco ML. Neuropathologic and Clinical Findings in Young Contact Sport Athletes Exposed to Repetitive Head Impacts. JAMA Neurol 2023; 80:1037-1050. [PMID: 37639244 PMCID: PMC10463175 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2023.2907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Importance Young contact sport athletes may be at risk for long-term neuropathologic disorders, including chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Objective To characterize the neuropathologic and clinical symptoms of young brain donors who were contact sport athletes. Design, Setting, and Participants This case series analyzes findings from 152 of 156 brain donors younger than 30 years identified through the Understanding Neurologic Injury and Traumatic Encephalopathy (UNITE) Brain Bank who donated their brains from February 1, 2008, to September 31, 2022. Neuropathologic evaluations, retrospective telephone clinical assessments, and online questionnaires with informants were performed blinded. Data analysis was conducted between August 2021 and June 2023. Exposures Repetitive head impacts from contact sports. Main Outcomes and Measures Gross and microscopic neuropathologic assessment, including diagnosis of CTE, based on defined diagnostic criteria; and informant-reported athletic history and informant-completed scales that assess cognitive symptoms, mood disturbances, and neurobehavioral dysregulation. Results Among the 152 deceased contact sports participants (mean [SD] age, 22.97 [4.31] years; 141 [92.8%] male) included in the study, CTE was diagnosed in 63 (41.4%; median [IQR] age, 26 [24-27] years). Of the 63 brain donors diagnosed with CTE, 60 (95.2%) were diagnosed with mild CTE (stages I or II). Brain donors who had CTE were more likely to be older (mean difference, 3.92 years; 95% CI, 2.74-5.10 years) Of the 63 athletes with CTE, 45 (71.4%) were men who played amateur sports, including American football, ice hockey, soccer, rugby, and wrestling; 1 woman with CTE played collegiate soccer. For those who played football, duration of playing career was significantly longer in those with vs without CTE (mean difference, 2.81 years; 95% CI, 1.15-4.48 years). Athletes with CTE had more ventricular dilatation, cavum septum pellucidum, thalamic notching, and perivascular pigment-laden macrophages in the frontal white matter than those without CTE. Cognitive and neurobehavioral symptoms were frequent among all brain donors. Suicide was the most common cause of death, followed by unintentional overdose; there were no differences in cause of death or clinical symptoms based on CTE status. Conclusions and Relevance This case series found that young brain donors exposed to repetitive head impacts were highly symptomatic regardless of CTE status, and the causes of symptoms in this sample are likely multifactorial. Future studies that include young brain donors unexposed to repetitive head impacts are needed to clarify the association among exposure, white matter and microvascular pathologic findings, CTE, and clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann C. McKee
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, US Department of Veteran Affairs, Boston, Massachusetts
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Center, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, US Department of Veteran Affairs, Bedford, Massachusetts
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jesse Mez
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Center, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bobak Abdolmohammadi
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Center, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Morgane Butler
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Center, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bertrand Russell Huber
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, US Department of Veteran Affairs, Boston, Massachusetts
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Center, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, US Department of Veteran Affairs, Bedford, Massachusetts
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Madeline Uretsky
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Center, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katharine Babcock
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Center, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan D. Cherry
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, US Department of Veteran Affairs, Boston, Massachusetts
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Center, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Victor E. Alvarez
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, US Department of Veteran Affairs, Boston, Massachusetts
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Center, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, US Department of Veteran Affairs, Bedford, Massachusetts
| | - Brett Martin
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Center, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yorghos Tripodis
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Center, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph N. Palmisano
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Center, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kerry A. Cormier
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, US Department of Veteran Affairs, Boston, Massachusetts
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Center, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, US Department of Veteran Affairs, Bedford, Massachusetts
| | - Caroline A. Kubilus
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Center, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, US Department of Veteran Affairs, Bedford, Massachusetts
| | - Raymond Nicks
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, US Department of Veteran Affairs, Boston, Massachusetts
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Center, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, US Department of Veteran Affairs, Bedford, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel Kirsch
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Center, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ian Mahar
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Center, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lisa McHale
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Center, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Concussion Legacy Foundation, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher Nowinski
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Center, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Concussion Legacy Foundation, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert C. Cantu
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Center, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Concussion Legacy Foundation, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emerson Hospital, Concord, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert A. Stern
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Center, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel Daneshvar
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Center, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lee E. Goldstein
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Center, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biomedical, Electrical, and Computer Engineering, Boston University College of Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Douglas I. Katz
- Department of Neurology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Braintree Rehabilitation Hospital, Braintree, Massachusetts
| | - Neil W. Kowall
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Center, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brigid Dwyer
- Department of Neurology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Braintree Rehabilitation Hospital, Braintree, Massachusetts
| | - Thor D. Stein
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, US Department of Veteran Affairs, Boston, Massachusetts
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Center, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, US Department of Veteran Affairs, Bedford, Massachusetts
| | - Michael L. Alosco
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Center, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
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13
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Dams-O'Connor K, Bulas A, Haag H(L, Spielman LA, Fernandez A, Frederick-Hawley L, Hoffman JM, Goldin Frazier Y. Screening for Brain Injury Sustained in the Context of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV): Measure Development and Preliminary Utility of the Brain Injury Screening Questionnaire IPV Module. J Neurotrauma 2023; 40:2087-2099. [PMID: 36879469 PMCID: PMC10623077 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with risk for multi-etiology brain injury (BI), including repetitive head impacts, isolated traumatic brain injuries (TBI), and anoxic/hypoxic injury secondary to nonfatal strangulation (NFS). IPV-related injuries are often unreported, but evidence suggests that survivors are more likely to report when asked directly. There are currently no validated tools for screening of brain injury related to IPV that meet World Health Organization guidelines for this population. Here, we describe measure development methods and preliminary utility of the Brain Injury Screening Questionnaire IPV (BISQ-IPV) module. We culled items from existing IPV and TBI screening tools and sought two rounds of stakeholder feedback regarding content coverage, terminology, and safety of administration. The resulting stakeholder-informed BISQ-IPV module is a seven-item self-report measure that uses contextual cues (e.g., being shoved, shaken, strangled) to query lifetime history of IPV-related head/neck injury. We introduced the BISQ-IPV module into the Late Effects of TBI (LETBI) study to investigate rates of violent and IPV-specific head/neck injury reporting in a TBI sample. Among those who completed the BISQ-IPV module (n = 142), 8% of the sample (and 20% of women) reported IPV-related TBI, and 15% of the sample (34% of women) reported IPV-related head or neck injury events that did not result in loss or alteration of consciousness. No men reported NFS; one woman reported inferred BI secondary to NFS, and 6% of women reported NFS events. Those who endorsed IPV-BI were all women, many were highly educated, and many reported low incomes. We then compared reporting of violent TBIs and head/neck injury events among individuals who completed the core BISQ wherein IPV is not specifically queried (administered from 2015-2018; n = 156) to that of individuals who completed the core BISQ preceded by the BISQ-IPV module (BISQ+IPV, administered from 2019-2021; n = 142). We found that 9% of those who completed the core BISQ reported violent TBI (e.g., abuse, assault), whereas 19% of those who completed the BISQ+IPV immediately preceding the core BISQ reported non-IPV-related violent TBI on the core BISQ. These findings suggest that standard TBI screening tools are inadequate for identifying IPV-BI and structured cueing of IPV-related contexts yields greater reporting of both IPV- and non-IPV-related violent BI. When not queried directly, IPV-BI remains a hidden variable in TBI research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Dams-O'Connor
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ashlyn Bulas
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Halina (Lin) Haag
- Department of Social Work, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa A. Spielman
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Angela Fernandez
- Department of OBGYN and Reproductive Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lynn Frederick-Hawley
- Department of OBGYN and Reproductive Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeanne M. Hoffman
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Yelena Goldin Frazier
- Yelena Goldin Frazier Curect Neuropsychology of New York, East Rockaway, New York, USA
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14
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Shan X, Murphy MC, Sui Y, Camerucci E, Zheng K, Manduca A, Ehman RL, Huston J, Yin Z. Magnetic Resonance Elastography-Based Technique to Assess the Biomechanics of the Skull-Brain Interface: Repeatability and Age-Sex Characteristics. J Neurotrauma 2023; 40:2193-2204. [PMID: 37233723 PMCID: PMC10623075 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing concerns have been raised about the long-term negative effects of subconcussive repeated head impact (RHI). To elucidate RHI injury mechanisms, many efforts have studied how head impacts affect the skull-brain biomechanics and have found that mechanical interactions at the skull-brain interface dampen and isolate brain motions by decoupling the brain from the skull. Despite intense interest, in vivo quantification of the functional state of the skull-brain interface remains difficult. This study developed a magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) based technique to non-invasively assess skull-brain mechanical interactions (i.e., motion transmission and isolation function) under dynamic loading. The full MRE displacement data were separated into rigid body motion and wave motion. The rigid body motion was used to calculate the brain-to-skull rotational motion transmission ratio (Rtr) to quantify skull-brain motion transmissibility, and the wave motion was used to calculate the cortical normalized octahedral shear strain (NOSS) (calculated based on a partial derivative computing neural network) to evaluate the isolation capability of the skull-brain interface. Forty-seven healthy volunteers were recruited to investigate the effects of age/sex on Rtr and cortical NOSS, and 17 of 47 volunteers received multiple scans to test the repeatability of the proposed techniques under different strain conditions. The results showed that both Rtr and NOSS were robust to MRE driver variations and had good repeatability, with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values between 0.68 and 0.97 (fair to excellent). No age or sex dependence were observed with Rtr, whereas a significant positive correlation between age and NOSS was found in the cerebrum, frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes (all p < 0.05), but not in the occipital lobe (p = 0.99). The greatest change in NOSS with age was found in the frontal lobe, one of the most frequent locations of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Except for the temporal lobe (p = 0.0087), there was no significant difference in NOSS between men and women. This work provides motivation for utilizing MRE as a non-invasive tool for quantifying the biomechanics of the skull-brain interface. It evaluated the age and sex dependence and may lead to a better understanding of the protective role and mechanisms of the skull-brain interface in RHI and TBI, as well as improve the accuracy of computational models in simulating the skull-brain interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Shan
- Department of Radiology and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Yi Sui
- Department of Radiology and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Keni Zheng
- Department of Radiology and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Armando Manduca
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Richard L. Ehman
- Department of Radiology and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - John Huston
- Department of Radiology and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ziying Yin
- Department of Radiology and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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15
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Mukherjee S, Tarale P, Sarkar DK. Neuroimmune Interactions in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: Potential Therapeutic Targets and Intervention Strategies. Cells 2023; 12:2323. [PMID: 37759545 PMCID: PMC10528917 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are a set of abnormalities caused by prenatal exposure to ethanol and are characterized by developmental defects in the brain that lead to various overt and non-overt physiological abnormalities. Growing evidence suggests that in utero alcohol exposure induces functional and structural abnormalities in gliogenesis and neuron-glia interactions, suggesting a possible role of glial cell pathologies in the development of FASD. However, the molecular mechanisms of neuron-glia interactions that lead to the development of FASD are not clearly understood. In this review, we discuss glial cell pathologies with a particular emphasis on microglia, primary resident immune cells in the brain. Additionally, we examine the involvement of several neuroimmune molecules released by glial cells, their signaling pathways, and epigenetic mechanisms responsible for FASD-related alteration in brain functions. Growing evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in the communication between cells via transporting bioactive cargo from one cell to the other. This review emphasizes the role of EVs in the context of neuron-glia interactions during prenatal alcohol exposure. Finally, some potential applications involving nutritional, pharmacological, cell-based, and exosome-based therapies in the treatment of FASD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayani Mukherjee
- The Endocrine Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1573, USA; (S.M.); (P.T.)
- Hormone Laboratory Research Group, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 91B, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Prashant Tarale
- The Endocrine Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1573, USA; (S.M.); (P.T.)
| | - Dipak K. Sarkar
- The Endocrine Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1573, USA; (S.M.); (P.T.)
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16
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O'Neill NK, Stein TD, Hu J, Rehman H, Campbell JD, Yajima M, Zhang X, Farrer LA. Bulk brain tissue cell-type deconvolution with bias correction for single-nuclei RNA sequencing data using DeTREM. BMC Bioinformatics 2023; 24:349. [PMID: 37726653 PMCID: PMC10507917 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-023-05476-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantifying cell-type abundance in bulk tissue RNA-sequencing enables researchers to better understand complex systems. Newer deconvolution methodologies, such as MuSiC, use cell-type signatures derived from single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data to make these calculations. Single-nuclei RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) reference data can be used instead of scRNA-seq data for tissues such as human brain where single-cell data are difficult to obtain, but accuracy suffers due to sequencing differences between the technologies. RESULTS We propose a modification to MuSiC entitled 'DeTREM' which compensates for sequencing differences between the cell-type signature and bulk RNA-seq datasets in order to better predict cell-type fractions. We show DeTREM to be more accurate than MuSiC in simulated and real human brain bulk RNA-sequencing datasets with various cell-type abundance estimates. We also compare DeTREM to SCDC and CIBERSORTx, two recent deconvolution methods that use scRNA-seq cell-type signatures. We find that they perform well in simulated data but produce less accurate results than DeTREM when used to deconvolute human brain data. CONCLUSION DeTREM improves the deconvolution accuracy of MuSiC and outperforms other deconvolution methods when applied to snRNA-seq data. DeTREM enables accurate cell-type deconvolution in situations where scRNA-seq data are not available. This modification improves characterization cell-type specific effects in brain tissue and identification of cell-type abundance differences under various conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas K O'Neill
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thor D Stein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Bedford, MA, USA
| | - Junming Hu
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Habbiburr Rehman
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua D Campbell
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Computational Biomedicine), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Masanao Yajima
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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17
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Hiskens MI, Li KM, Schneiders AG, Fenning AS. Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury-induced neurodegeneration and inflammation is attenuated by acetyl-L-carnitine in a preclinical model. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1254382. [PMID: 37745053 PMCID: PMC10514484 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1254382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Repetitive mild traumatic brain injuries (rmTBI) may contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases through secondary injury pathways. Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) shows neuroprotection through anti-inflammatory effects and via regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity by counteracting post-trauma excitotoxicity. This study aimed to investigate mechanisms implicated in the etiology of neurodegeneration in rmTBI mice treated with ALC. Adult male C57BL/6J mice were allocated to sham, rmTBI or ALC + rmTBI groups. 15 rmTBIs were administered across 23 days using a modified weight drop model. Neurological testing and spatial learning and memory assessments via the Morris Water Maze (MWM) were undertaken at 48 h and 3 months. RT-PCR analysis of the cortex and hippocampus was undertaken for MAPT, GFAP, AIF1, GRIA, CCL11, TDP43, and TNF genes. Gene expression in the cortex showed elevated mRNA levels of MAPT, TNF, and GFAP in the rmTBI group that were reduced by ALC treatment. In the hippocampus, mRNA expression was elevated for GRIA1 in the rmTBI group but not the ALC + rmTBI treatment group. ALC treatment showed protective effects against the deficits displayed in neurological testing and MWM assessment observed in the rmTBI group. While brain structures display differential vulnerability to insult as evidenced by location specific postimpact disruption of key genes, this study shows correlative mRNA neurodegeneration and functional impairment that was ameliorated by ALC treatment in several key genes. ALC may mitigate damage inflicted in the various secondary neurodegenerative cascades and contribute to functional protection following rmTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew I. Hiskens
- Mackay Institute of Research and Innovation, Mackay Hospital and Health Service, Mackay, QLD, Australia
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Katy M. Li
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Anthony G. Schneiders
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew S. Fenning
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
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18
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Gard A, Vedung F, Piehl F, Khademi M, Wernersson MP, Rorsman I, Tegner Y, Pessah-Rasmussen H, Ruscher K, Marklund N. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of neuroinflammatory biomarkers are increased in athletes with persistent post-concussive symptoms following sports-related concussion. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:189. [PMID: 37592277 PMCID: PMC10433539 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02864-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A sports-related concussion (SRC) is often caused by rapid head rotation at impact, leading to shearing and stretching of axons in the white matter and initiation of secondary inflammatory processes that may exacerbate the initial injury. We hypothesized that athletes with persistent post-concussive symptoms (PPCS) display signs of ongoing neuroinflammation, as reflected by altered profiles of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, in turn relating to symptom severity. We recruited athletes with PPCS preventing sports participation as well as limiting work, school and/or social activities for ≥ 6 months for symptom rating using the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool, version 5 (SCAT-5) and for cognitive assessment using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Following a spinal tap, we analysed 27 CSF inflammatory biomarkers (pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokine panels) by a multiplex immunoassay using antibodies as electrochemiluminescent labels to quantify concentrations in PPCS athletes, and in healthy age- and sex-matched controls exercising ≤ 2 times/week at low-to-moderate intensity. Thirty-six subjects were included, 24 athletes with PPCS and 12 controls. The SRC athletes had sustained a median of five concussions, the most recent at a median of 17 months prior to the investigation. CSF cytokines and chemokines levels were significantly increased in eight (IL-2, TNF-α, IL-15, TNF-β, VEGF, Eotaxin, IP-10, and TARC), significantly decreased in one (Eotaxin-3), and unaltered in 16 in SRC athletes when compared to controls, and two were un-detectable. The SRC athletes reported many and severe post-concussive symptoms on SCAT5, and 10 out of 24 athletes performed in the impaired range (Z < - 1.5) on cognitive testing. Individual biomarker concentrations did not strongly correlate with symptom rating or cognitive function. Limitations include evaluation at a single post-injury time point in relatively small cohorts, and no control group of concussed athletes without persisting symptoms was included. Based on CSF inflammatory marker profiling we find signs of ongoing neuroinflammation persisting months to years after the last SRC in athletes with persistent post-concussive symptoms. Since an ongoing inflammatory response may exacerbate the brain injury these results encourage studies of treatments targeting the post-injury inflammatory response in sports-related concussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gard
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurosurgery, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Vedung
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Piehl
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology Unit, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohsen Khademi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology Unit, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ia Rorsman
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yelverton Tegner
- Department of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Hélène Pessah-Rasmussen
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karsten Ruscher
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurosurgery, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Niklas Marklund
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurosurgery, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurosurgery, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital EA-Blocket Plan 4, Klinikgatan 17A7, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
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19
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Flavin WP, Hosseini H, Ruberti JW, Kavehpour HP, Giza CC, Prins ML. Traumatic brain injury and the pathways to cerebral tau accumulation. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1239653. [PMID: 37638180 PMCID: PMC10450935 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1239653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau is a protein that has received national mainstream recognition for its potential negative impact to the brain. This review succinctly provides information on the structure of tau and its normal physiological functions, including in hibernation and changes throughout the estrus cycle. There are many pathways involved in phosphorylating tau including diabetes, stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD), brain injury, aging, and drug use. The common mechanisms for these processes are put into context with changes observed in mild and repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). The phosphorylation of tau is a part of the progression to pathology, but the ability for tau to aggregate and propagate is also addressed. Summarizing both the functional and dysfunctional roles of tau can help advance our understanding of this complex protein, improve our care for individuals with a history of TBI, and lead to development of therapeutic interventions to prevent or reverse tau-mediated neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P. Flavin
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, Department of Pediatrics and Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Helia Hosseini
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey W. Ruberti
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - H. Pirouz Kavehpour
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christopher C. Giza
- Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, Department of Pediatrics and Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Injury Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mayumi L. Prins
- Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, Department of Pediatrics and Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Injury Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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20
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Rosen G, Kirsch D, Horowitz S, Cherry JD, Nicks R, Kelley H, Uretsky M, Dell'Aquila K, Mathias R, Cormier KA, Kubilus CA, Mez J, Tripodis Y, Stein TD, Alvarez VE, Alosco ML, McKee AC, Huber BR. Three dimensional evaluation of cerebrovascular density and branching in chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:123. [PMID: 37491342 PMCID: PMC10369801 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01612-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with exposure to repetitive head impacts (RHI) and characterized by perivascular accumulations of hyperphosphorylated tau protein (p-tau) at the depths of the cortical sulci. Studies of living athletes exposed to RHI, including concussive and nonconcussive impacts, have shown increased blood-brain barrier permeability, reduced cerebral blood flow, and alterations in vasoreactivity. Blood-brain barrier abnormalities have also been reported in individuals neuropathologically diagnosed with CTE. To further investigate the three-dimensional microvascular changes in individuals diagnosed with CTE and controls, we used SHIELD tissue processing and passive delipidation to optically clear and label blocks of postmortem human dorsolateral frontal cortex. We used fluorescent confocal microscopy to quantitate vascular branch density and fraction volume. We compared the findings in 41 male brain donors, age at death 31-89 years, mean age 64 years, including 12 donors with low CTE (McKee stage I-II), 13 with high CTE (McKee stage III-IV) to 16 age- and sex-matched non-CTE controls (7 with RHI exposure and 9 with no RHI exposure). The density of vessel branches in the gray matter sulcus was significantly greater in CTE cases than in controls. The ratios of sulcus versus gyrus vessel branch density and fraction volume were also greater in CTE than in controls and significantly above one for the CTE group. Hyperphosphorylated tau pathology density correlated with gray matter sulcus fraction volume. These findings point towards increased vascular coverage and branching in the dorsolateral frontal cortex (DLF) sulci in CTE, that correlates with p-tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Rosen
- VA Boston Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs, 150 S Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- National Center for PTSD, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Kirsch
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Sarah Horowitz
- VA Boston Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs, 150 S Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- National Center for PTSD, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan D Cherry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Boston University CTE Center, Boston, USA
| | - Raymond Nicks
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Boston University CTE Center, Boston, USA
| | - Hunter Kelley
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Boston University CTE Center, Boston, USA
| | - Madeline Uretsky
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Boston University CTE Center, Boston, USA
| | - Kevin Dell'Aquila
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Boston University CTE Center, Boston, USA
| | - Rebecca Mathias
- VA Boston Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs, 150 S Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Kerry A Cormier
- VA Boston Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs, 150 S Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Boston University CTE Center, Boston, USA
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Bedford, MA, USA
| | - Caroline A Kubilus
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Boston University CTE Center, Boston, USA
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Bedford, MA, USA
| | - Jesse Mez
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Boston University CTE Center, Boston, USA
| | - Yorghos Tripodis
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Boston University CTE Center, Boston, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Thor D Stein
- VA Boston Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs, 150 S Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Boston University CTE Center, Boston, USA
| | - Victor E Alvarez
- VA Boston Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs, 150 S Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Boston University CTE Center, Boston, USA
| | - Michael L Alosco
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Boston University CTE Center, Boston, USA
| | - Ann C McKee
- VA Boston Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs, 150 S Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Boston University CTE Center, Boston, USA
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Bedford, MA, USA
| | - Bertrand R Huber
- VA Boston Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs, 150 S Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02130, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, USA.
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Boston University CTE Center, Boston, USA.
- National Center for PTSD, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Boston, MA, USA.
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21
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van Amerongen S, Kamps S, Kaijser KKM, Pijnenburg YAL, Scheltens P, Teunissen CE, Barkhof F, Ossenkoppele R, Rozemuller AJM, Stern RA, Hoozemans JJM, Vijverberg EGB. Severe CTE and TDP-43 pathology in a former professional soccer player with dementia: a clinicopathological case report and review of the literature. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:77. [PMID: 37161501 PMCID: PMC10169296 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01572-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, numerous post-mortem case series have documented chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in former contact-sport athletes, though reports of CTE pathology in former soccer players are scarce. This study presents a clinicopathological case of a former professional soccer player with young-onset dementia. The patient experienced early onset progressive cognitive decline and developed dementia in his mid-50 s, after playing soccer for 12 years at a professional level. While the clinical picture mimicked Alzheimer's disease, amyloid PET imaging did not provide evidence of elevated beta-amyloid plaque density. After he died in his mid-60 s, brain autopsy showed severe phosphorylated tau (p-tau) abnormalities fulfilling the neuropathological criteria for high-stage CTE, as well as astrocytic and oligodendroglial tau pathology in terms of tufted astrocytes, thorn-shaped astrocytes, and coiled bodies. Additionally, there were TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) positive cytoplasmic inclusions in the frontal lobe and hippocampus, and Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) positivity in the axons of the white matter. A systematic review of the literature revealed only 13 other soccer players with postmortem diagnosis of CTE. Our report illustrates the complex clinicopathological correlation of CTE and the need for disease-specific biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan van Amerongen
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Boston University CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Suzie Kamps
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kyra K M Kaijser
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yolande A L Pijnenburg
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- EQT Life Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Queen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rik Ossenkoppele
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Annemieke J M Rozemuller
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robert A Stern
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Boston University CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Departments of Neurosurgery, and Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Everard G B Vijverberg
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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22
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Qi C, Hasegawa M, Takao M, Sakai M, Sasaki M, Mizutani M, Akagi A, Iwasaki Y, Miyahara H, Yoshida M, Scheres SHW, Goedert M. Identical tau filaments in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:74. [PMID: 37143123 PMCID: PMC10161654 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01565-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) occurs in some individuals after measles infection, following a symptom-free period of several years. It resembles chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), which happens after repetitive head impacts or exposure to blast waves, following a symptom-free period. As in CTE, the neurofibrillary changes of SSPE are concentrated in superficial cortical layers. Here we used electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) of tau filaments from two cases of SSPE to show that the tau folds of SSPE and CTE are identical. Two types of filaments were each made of two identical protofilaments with an extra density in the β-helix region. Like in CTE, the vast majority of tau filaments were Type I, with a minority of Type II filaments. These findings suggest that the CTE tau fold can be caused by different environmental insults, which may be linked by inflammatory changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Qi
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Takao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Internal Medicine, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neurology and Brain Bank, Mihara Memorial Hospital, Isesaki, Japan
| | - Motoko Sakai
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Suzuka National Hospital, Suzuka, Mie, Japan
| | - Mayasuki Sasaki
- Department of Child Neurology, Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizutani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Internal Medicine, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akio Akagi
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasushi Iwasaki
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miyahara
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mari Yoshida
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sjors H W Scheres
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Michel Goedert
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.
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23
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Langworth-Green C, Patel S, Jaunmuktane Z, Jabbari E, Morris H, Thom M, Lees A, Hardy J, Zandi M, Duff K. Chronic effects of inflammation on tauopathies. Lancet Neurol 2023; 22:430-442. [PMID: 37059510 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(23)00038-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Tauopathies are a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders that are characterised by the aggregation of the microtubule-associated protein tau into filamentous inclusions within neurons and glia. Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent tauopathy. Despite years of intense research efforts, developing disease-modifying interventions for these disorders has been very challenging. The detrimental role that chronic inflammation plays in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease is increasingly recognised; however, it is largely ascribed to the accumulation of amyloid β, leaving the effect of chronic inflammation on tau pathology and neurofibrillary tangle-related pathways greatly overlooked. Tau pathology can independently arise secondary to a range of triggers that are each associated with inflammatory processes, including infection, repetitive mild traumatic brain injury, seizure activity, and autoimmune disease. A greater understanding of the chronic effects of inflammation on the development and progression of tauopathies could help forge a path for the establishment of effective immunomodulatory disease-modifying interventions for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saisha Patel
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Zane Jaunmuktane
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, London, UK; Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, University College London, London, UK; Division of Neuropathology, University College London, London, UK; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Edwin Jabbari
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, London, UK; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK; Department of Neurology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Huw Morris
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, London, UK; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK; Department of Neurology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Maria Thom
- Division of Neuropathology, University College London, London, UK; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Lees
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, London, UK; Reta Lila Weston Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - John Hardy
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK; Reta Lila Weston Institute, University College London, London, UK; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Zandi
- Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Karen Duff
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK.
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24
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Alosco ML, Tripodis Y, Baucom ZH, Adler CH, Balcer LJ, Bernick C, Mariani ML, Au R, Banks SJ, Barr WB, Wethe JV, Cantu RC, Coleman MJ, Dodick DW, McClean MD, McKee AC, Mez J, Palmisano JN, Martin B, Hartlage K, Lin AP, Koerte IK, Cummings JL, Reiman EM, Stern RA, Shenton ME, Bouix S. White matter hyperintensities in former American football players. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:1260-1273. [PMID: 35996231 PMCID: PMC10351916 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The presentation, risk factors, and etiologies of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in people exposed to repetitive head impacts are unknown. We examined the burden and distribution of WMH, and their association with years of play, age of first exposure, and clinical function in former American football players. METHODS A total of 149 former football players and 53 asymptomatic unexposed participants (all men, 45-74 years) completed fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging, neuropsychological testing, and self-report neuropsychiatric measures. Lesion Segmentation Toolbox estimated WMH. Analyses were performed in the total sample and stratified by age 60. RESULTS In older but not younger participants, former football players had greater total, frontal, temporal, and parietal log-WMH compared to asymptomatic unexposed men. In older but not younger former football players, greater log-WMH was associated with younger age of first exposure to football and worse executive function. DISCUSSION In older former football players, WMH may have unique presentations, risk factors, and etiologies. HIGHLIGHTS Older but not younger former football players had greater total, frontal, temporal, and parietal lobe white matter hyperintensities (WMH) compared to same-age asymptomatic unexposed men. Younger age of first exposure to football was associated with greater WMH in older but not younger former American football players. In former football players, greater WMH was associated with worse executive function and verbal memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. Alosco
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University CTE Center, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Yorghos Tripodis
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Zachary H. Baucom
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Charles H. Adler
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Laura J. Balcer
- Departments of Neurology, Population Health and Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Charles Bernick
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Megan L. Mariani
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Rhoda Au
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University CTE Center, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Sarah J. Banks
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - William B. Barr
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Jennifer V. Wethe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Robert C. Cantu
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University CTE Center, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Michael J. Coleman
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - David W. Dodick
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Michael D. McClean
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Ann C. McKee
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University CTE Center, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
| | - Jesse Mez
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University CTE Center, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
| | - Joseph N. Palmisano
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center (BEDAC), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Brett Martin
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center (BEDAC), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Kaitlin Hartlage
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center (BEDAC), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Alexander P. Lin
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Center for Clinical Spectroscopy, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Inga K. Koerte
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Ludwigs-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Jeffrey L. Cummings
- Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV
| | - Eric M. Reiman
- Banner Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Arizona, Arizona State University, Translational Genomics Research Institute, and Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Robert A. Stern
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University CTE Center, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Martha E. Shenton
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sylvain Bouix
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
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25
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McKee AC, Stein TD, Huber BR, Crary JF, Bieniek K, Dickson D, Alvarez VE, Cherry JD, Farrell K, Butler M, Uretsky M, Abdolmohammadi B, Alosco ML, Tripodis Y, Mez J, Daneshvar DH. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE): criteria for neuropathological diagnosis and relationship to repetitive head impacts. Acta Neuropathol 2023; 145:371-394. [PMID: 36759368 PMCID: PMC10020327 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02540-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 17 years, there has been a remarkable increase in scientific research concerning chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Since the publication of NINDS-NIBIB criteria for the neuropathological diagnosis of CTE in 2016, and diagnostic refinements in 2021, hundreds of contact sport athletes and others have been diagnosed at postmortem examination with CTE. CTE has been reported in amateur and professional athletes, including a bull rider, boxers, wrestlers, and American, Canadian, and Australian rules football, rugby union, rugby league, soccer, and ice hockey players. The pathology of CTE is unique, characterized by a pathognomonic lesion consisting of a perivascular accumulation of neuronal phosphorylated tau (p-tau) variably alongside astrocytic aggregates at the depths of the cortical sulci, and a distinctive molecular structural configuration of p-tau fibrils that is unlike the changes observed with aging, Alzheimer's disease, or any other tauopathy. Computational 3-D and finite element models predict the perivascular and sulcal location of p-tau pathology as these brain regions undergo the greatest mechanical deformation during head impact injury. Presently, CTE can be definitively diagnosed only by postmortem neuropathological examination; the corresponding clinical condition is known as traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES). Over 97% of CTE cases published have been reported in individuals with known exposure to repetitive head impacts (RHI), including concussions and nonconcussive impacts, most often experienced through participation in contact sports. While some suggest there is uncertainty whether a causal relationship exists between RHI and CTE, the preponderance of the evidence suggests a high likelihood of a causal relationship, a conclusion that is strengthened by the absence of any evidence for plausible alternative hypotheses. There is a robust dose-response relationship between CTE and years of American football play, a relationship that remains consistent even when rigorously accounting for selection bias. Furthermore, a recent study suggests that selection bias underestimates the observed risk. Here, we present the advances in the neuropathological diagnosis of CTE culminating with the development of the NINDS-NIBIB criteria, the multiple international studies that have used these criteria to report CTE in hundreds of contact sports players and others, and the evidence for a robust dose-response relationship between RHI and CTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann C McKee
- VA Boston Healthcare System, U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, Boston, MA, USA.
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Centers, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, 150 S Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02130, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, USA.
| | - Thor D Stein
- VA Boston Healthcare System, U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Centers, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, 150 S Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, USA
| | - Bertrand R Huber
- VA Boston Healthcare System, U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Centers, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, 150 S Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John F Crary
- Departments of Pathology, Neuroscience, and Artificial Intelligence and Human Health, Neuropathology Brain Bank and Research Core, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin Bieniek
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Dennis Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Victor E Alvarez
- VA Boston Healthcare System, U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Centers, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, 150 S Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan D Cherry
- VA Boston Healthcare System, U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Centers, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, 150 S Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kurt Farrell
- Departments of Pathology, Neuroscience, and Artificial Intelligence and Human Health, Neuropathology Brain Bank and Research Core, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Morgane Butler
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Centers, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, 150 S Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
| | - Madeline Uretsky
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Centers, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, 150 S Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
| | - Bobak Abdolmohammadi
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Centers, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, 150 S Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
| | - Michael L Alosco
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Centers, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, 150 S Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yorghos Tripodis
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Centers, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, 150 S Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jesse Mez
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Centers, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, 150 S Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel H Daneshvar
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Centers, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, 150 S Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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26
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Kim JH, Kang RJ, Hyeon SJ, Ryu H, Joo H, Bu Y, Kim JH, Suk K. Lipocalin-2 Is a Key Regulator of Neuroinflammation in Secondary Traumatic and Ischemic Brain Injury. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:803-821. [PMID: 36508119 PMCID: PMC10275845 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive glial cells are hallmarks of brain injury. However, whether these cells contribute to secondary inflammatory pathology and neurological deficits remains poorly understood. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) has inflammatory and neurotoxic effects in various disease models; however, its pathogenic role in traumatic brain injury remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of LCN2 and its role in neuroinflammation following brain injury. LCN2 expression was high in the mouse brain after controlled cortical impact (CCI) and photothrombotic stroke (PTS) injury. Brain levels of LCN2 mRNA and protein were also significantly higher in patients with chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) than in normal subjects. RT-PCR and immunofluorescence analyses revealed that astrocytes were the major cellular source of LCN2 in the injured brain. Lcn2 deficiency or intracisternal injection of an LCN2 neutralizing antibody reduced CCI- and PTS-induced brain lesions, behavioral deficits, and neuroinflammation. Mechanistically, in cultured glial cells, recombinant LCN2 protein enhanced scratch injury-induced proinflammatory cytokine gene expression and inhibited Gdnf gene expression, whereas Lcn2 deficiency exerted opposite effects. Together, our results from CTE patients, rodent brain injury models, and cultured glial cells suggest that LCN2 mediates secondary damage response to traumatic and ischemic brain injury by promoting neuroinflammation and suppressing the expression of neurotropic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hong Kim
- Brain Korea 21 Four KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ri Jin Kang
- Brain Korea 21 Four KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jae Hyeon
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Ryu
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA USA
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Center and Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Hyejin Joo
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Present Address: Pharmacological Research Division, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmin Bu
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Heon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Brain Korea 21 Four KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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27
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Labadorf A, Agus F, Aytan N, Cherry J, Mez J, McKee A, Stein TD. Inflammation and neuronal gene expression changes differ in early versus late chronic traumatic encephalopathy brain. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:49. [PMID: 36895005 PMCID: PMC9996917 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01471-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and its associated pathology in post-mortem brain is incomplete. Factors including years of play and genetic risk variants influence the extent of tau pathology associated with disease expression, but how these factors affect gene expression, and whether those effects are consistent across the development of disease, is unknown. METHODS To address these questions, we conducted an analysis of the largest post-mortem brain CTE mRNASeq whole-transcriptome dataset available to date. We examined the genes and biological processes associated with disease by comparing individuals with CTE with control individuals with a history of repetitive head impacts that lack CTE pathology. We then identified genes and biological processes associated with total years of play as a measure of exposure, amount of tau pathology present at time of death, and the presence of APOE and TMEM106B risk variants. Samples were stratified into low and high pathology groups based on McKee CTE staging criteria to model early versus late changes in response to exposure, and the relative effects associated with these factors were compared between these groups. RESULTS Substantial gene expression changes were associated with severe disease for most of these factors, primarily implicating diverse, strongly involved neuroinflammatory and neuroimmune processes. In contrast, low pathology groups had many fewer genes and processes implicated and show striking differences for some factors when compared with severe disease. Specifically, gene expression associated with amount of tau pathology showed a nearly perfect inverse relationship when compared between these two groups. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results suggest the early CTE disease process may be mechanistically different than what occurs in late stages, that total years of play and tau pathology influence disease expression differently, and that related pathology-modifying risk variants may do so via distinct biological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Labadorf
- Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA USA
| | - Filisia Agus
- Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Nurgul Aytan
- Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA USA
| | - Jonathan Cherry
- Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Jesse Mez
- Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Ann McKee
- Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Medford, MA USA
| | - Thor D. Stein
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Medford, MA USA
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28
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Mot YY, Moses EJ, Mohd Yusoff N, Ling KH, Yong YK, Tan JJ. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells-Derived Exosome and the Roles in the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:469-489. [PMID: 35103872 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01201-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) could result in life-long disabilities and death. Though the mechanical insult causes primary injury, the secondary injury due to dysregulated responses following neuronal apoptosis and inflammation is often the cause for more detrimental consequences. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) has been extensively investigated as the emerging therapeutic for TBI, and the functional properties are chiefly attributed to their secretome, especially the exosomes. Delivering these nanosize exosomes have shown to ameliorate post-traumatic injury and restore brain functions. Recent technology advances also allow engineering MSC-derived exosomes to carry specific biomolecules of interest to augment their therapeutic outcome. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology of TBI and summarize the recent progress in the applications of MSCs-derived exosomes, the roles and the signalling mechanisms underlying the protective effects in the treatment of the TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Yik Mot
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, BertamKepala Batas, 13200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Emmanuel Jairaj Moses
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, BertamKepala Batas, 13200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| | - Narazah Mohd Yusoff
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, BertamKepala Batas, 13200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - King-Hwa Ling
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yoke Keong Yong
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jun Jie Tan
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, BertamKepala Batas, 13200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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29
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Chakraborty R, Tabassum H, Parvez S. NLRP3 inflammasome in traumatic brain injury: Its implication in the disease pathophysiology and potential as a therapeutic target. Life Sci 2023; 314:121352. [PMID: 36592789 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), an acquired brain injury imparted by a mechanical trauma to the head, has significant ramifications in terms of long-term disability and cost of healthcare. TBI is characterized by an initial phase of cell death owing to direct mechanical injury, followed by a secondary phase in which neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role. Activation of inflammasome complexes triggers a cascade that leads to activation of inflammatory mediators such as caspase-1, Interleukin (IL)-18, and IL-1β, eventually causing pyroptosis. NLRP3 inflammasome, a component of the innate immune response, has been implicated in a number of neurodegenerative diseases, including TBI. Recent findings indicate that NLRP3 inhibitors can potentially ameliorate neuroinflammation and improve cognition and motor function in TBI. The NLRP3 inflammasome also holds potential as a predictive biomarker for the long-term sequelae following TBI. Although several therapeutic agents have shown promising results in pre-clinical studies, none of them have been effective in human trials for TBI, to date. Thus, it is imperative that such promising therapeutic candidates are evaluated in clinical trials to assess their efficacy in alleviating neurological impairments in TBI. This review offers an insight into the pathophysiology of TBI, with an emphasis on neuroinflammation in the aftermath of TBI. We highlight the NLRP3 inflammasome and explore its role in the neuroinflammatory cascade in TBI. We also shed light on its potential as a prospective biomarker and therapeutic target for TBI management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Chakraborty
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Heena Tabassum
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Indian Council of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, V. Ramalingaswami Bhawan, P.O. Box No. 4911, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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30
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Singer KE, McGlone ED, Collins SM, Wallen TE, Morris MC, Schuster RM, England LG, Robson MJ, Goodman MD. Propranolol Reduces p-tau Accumulation and Improves Behavior Outcomes in a Polytrauma Murine Model. J Surg Res 2023; 282:183-190. [PMID: 36308901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to neurocognitive decline, in part due to phosphorylated tau (p-tau). Whether p-tau accumulation worsens in the setting of polytrauma remains unknown. Propranolol has shown clinical benefit in head injuries; however, the underlying mechanism is also unknown. We hypothesize that hemorrhagic shock would worsen p-tau accumulation but that propranolol would improve functional outcomes on behavioral studies. METHODS A murine polytrauma model was developed to examine the accumulation of p-tau and whether it can be mitigated by early administration of propranolol. TBI was induced using a weight-drop model and hemorrhagic shock was achieved via controlled hemorrhage for 1 h. Mice were given intraperitoneal propranolol 4 mg/kg or saline control. The animals underwent behavioral testing at 30 d postinjury and were sacrificed for cerebral histological analysis. These studies were completed in male and female mice. RESULTS TBI alone led to increased p-tau generation compared to sham on both immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence (P < 0.05). The addition of hemorrhage led to greater accumulation of p-tau in the hippocampus (P < 0.007). In male mice, p-tau accumulation decreased with propranolol administration for both polytrauma and TBI alone (P < 0.0001). Male mice treated with propranolol also outperformed saline-control mice on the hippocampal-dependent behavioral assessment (P = 0.0013). These results were not replicated in female mice; the addition of hemorrhage did not increase p-tau accumulation and propranolol did not demonstrate a therapeutic effect. CONCLUSIONS Polytrauma including TBI generates high levels of hippocampal p-tau, but propranolol may help prevent this accumulation to improve both neuropathological and functional outcomes in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Singer
- Department of General Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Emily D McGlone
- Department of General Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Sean M Collins
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Taylor E Wallen
- Department of General Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Mackenzie C Morris
- Department of General Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Rebecca M Schuster
- Department of General Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lisa G England
- Department of General Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Matthew J Robson
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Michael D Goodman
- Department of General Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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Cabrera D, Thompson K, Thomas JD, Peacock C, Antonio J, Tartar JL, Tartar A. Dysregulation of miR-155 Expression in Professional Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) Fighters. Cureus 2023; 15:e34944. [PMID: 36938205 PMCID: PMC10017279 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychological and physical stress can induce dysregulation of gene expression via changes in DNA methylation and microRNA (miRNA) expression. Such epigenetic modifications are yet to be investigated in professional Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) fighters subject to highly stressful training involving repetitive head impacts. This study examined differences in DNA methylation and miRNA expression in elite MMA fighters compared to active controls. Global methylation differences between groups were assessed via a LINE-1 assay. At the same time, PCR arrays were used to estimate differential expression in samples of 21 fighters and 15 controls for 192 different miRNAs associated with inflammatory diseases. An Independent-Samples t-Test found no significant difference in LINE-1 methylation between groups. However, an Independent-Samples Mann-Whitney U Test revealed a significant upregulation in the expression of miR-155 in MMA fighter plasma. Since miR-155 has been recognized as an important regulator of neuroinflammation, this dysregulation suggests a possible epigenetic mechanism responsible for chronic inflammation associated with professional-level MMA training. Consistent with other published works, this study highlights the potential of miR-155 not only as a biomarker for monitoring long-term health risks linked to head trauma but also as a target to remediate the impact of chronic neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominick Cabrera
- Psychology, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Davie, USA
| | | | | | - Corey Peacock
- College of Health Care Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, USA
| | - Jose Antonio
- College of Health Care Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, USA
| | | | - Aurelien Tartar
- Biological Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, USA
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32
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Pathak D, Sriram K. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Neuroinflammation Elicited by Occupational Injuries and Toxicants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032272. [PMID: 36768596 PMCID: PMC9917383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Occupational injuries and toxicant exposures lead to the development of neuroinflammation by activating distinct mechanistic signaling cascades that ultimately culminate in the disruption of neuronal function leading to neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. The entry of toxicants into the brain causes the subsequent activation of glial cells, a response known as 'reactive gliosis'. Reactive glial cells secrete a wide variety of signaling molecules in response to neuronal perturbations and thus play a crucial role in the progression and regulation of central nervous system (CNS) injury. In parallel, the roles of protein phosphorylation and cell signaling in eliciting neuroinflammation are evolving. However, there is limited understanding of the molecular underpinnings associated with toxicant- or occupational injury-mediated neuroinflammation, gliosis, and neurological outcomes. The activation of signaling molecules has biological significance, including the promotion or inhibition of disease mechanisms. Nevertheless, the regulatory mechanisms of synergism or antagonism among intracellular signaling pathways remain elusive. This review highlights the research focusing on the direct interaction between the immune system and the toxicant- or occupational injury-induced gliosis. Specifically, the role of occupational injuries, e.g., trips, slips, and falls resulting in traumatic brain injury, and occupational toxicants, e.g., volatile organic compounds, metals, and nanoparticles/nanomaterials in the development of neuroinflammation and neurological or neurodegenerative diseases are highlighted. Further, this review recapitulates the recent advancement related to the characterization of the molecular mechanisms comprising protein phosphorylation and cell signaling, culminating in neuroinflammation.
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33
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Kirsch D, Shah A, Dixon E, Kelley H, Cherry JD, Xia W, Daley S, Aytan N, Cormier K, Kubilus C, Mathias R, Alvarez VE, Huber BR, McKee AC, Stein TD. Vascular injury is associated with repetitive head impacts and tau pathology in chronic traumatic encephalopathy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2023; 82:127-139. [PMID: 36617181 PMCID: PMC9852946 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlac122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease linked to repetitive head impacts (RHI) and characterized by perivascular hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) deposits. The role of vascular injury, blood-brain barrier leakage, and neuroinflammation in CTE pathogenesis is not well understood. We performed quantitative immunoassays for intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1), vascular cellular adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1), and C-reactive protein (CRP) within the postmortem dorsolateral frontal cortex of participants with and without a history of RHI and CTE (n = 156), and tested for associations with RHI, microgliosis, and tau pathology measures. Levels of vascular injury-associated markers ICAM1, VCAM1, and CRP were increased in CTE compared to RHI-exposed and -naïve controls. ICAM1 and CRP increased with RHI exposure duration (p < 0.01) and were associated with increased microglial density (p < 0.001) and tau pathology (AT8, p-tau396, p-tau202; p < 0.05). Histologically, there was significantly increased ICAM1 staining of the microvasculature, extracellular space, and astrocytes at the sulcal depths in high stage CTE compared to both low stage CTE and controls. Multifocal perivascular immunoreactivity for serum albumin was present in all RHI-exposed individuals. These findings demonstrate that vascular injury markers are associated with RHI exposure, duration, and microgliosis, are elevated in CTE, and increase with disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kirsch
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arsal Shah
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erin Dixon
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hunter Kelley
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan D Cherry
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Weiming Xia
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah Daley
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nurgul Aytan
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kerry Cormier
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carol Kubilus
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rebecca Mathias
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Victor E Alvarez
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bertrand R Huber
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ann C McKee
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thor D Stein
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
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Alosco ML, Su Y, Stein TD, Protas H, Cherry JD, Adler CH, Balcer LJ, Bernick C, Pulukuri SV, Abdolmohammadi B, Coleman MJ, Palmisano JN, Tripodis Y, Mez J, Rabinovici GD, Marek KL, Beach TG, Johnson KA, Huber BR, Koerte I, Lin AP, Bouix S, Cummings JL, Shenton ME, Reiman EM, McKee AC, Stern RA. Associations between near end-of-life flortaucipir PET and postmortem CTE-related tau neuropathology in six former American football players. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:435-452. [PMID: 36152064 PMCID: PMC9816291 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05963-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Flourine-18-flortaucipir tau positron emission tomography (PET) was developed for the detection for Alzheimer's disease. Human imaging studies have begun to investigate its use in chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Flortaucipir-PET to autopsy correlation studies in CTE are needed for diagnostic validation. We examined the association between end-of-life flortaucipir PET and postmortem neuropathological measurements of CTE-related tau in six former American football players. METHODS Three former National Football League players and three former college football players who were part of the DIAGNOSE CTE Research Project died and agreed to have their brains donated. The six players had flortaucipir (tau) and florbetapir (amyloid) PET prior to death. All brains from the deceased participants were neuropathologically evaluated for the presence of CTE. On average, the participants were 59.0 (SD = 9.32) years of age at time of PET. PET scans were acquired 20.33 (SD = 13.08) months before their death. Using Spearman correlation analyses, we compared flortaucipir standard uptake value ratios (SUVRs) to digital slide-based AT8 phosphorylated tau (p-tau) density in a priori selected composite cortical, composite limbic, and thalamic regions-of-interest (ROIs). RESULTS Four brain donors had autopsy-confirmed CTE, all with high stage disease (n = 3 stage III, n = 1 stage IV). Three of these four met criteria for the clinical syndrome of CTE, known as traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES). Two did not have CTE at autopsy and one of these met criteria for TES. Concomitant pathology was only present in one of the non-CTE cases (Lewy body) and one of the CTE cases (motor neuron disease). There was a strong association between flortaucipir SUVRs and p-tau density in the composite cortical (ρ = 0.71) and limbic (ρ = 0.77) ROIs. Although there was a strong association in the thalamic ROI (ρ = 0.83), this is a region with known off-target binding. SUVRs were modest and CTE and non-CTE cases had overlapping SUVRs and discordant p-tau density for some regions. CONCLUSIONS Flortaucipir-PET could be useful for detecting high stage CTE neuropathology, but specificity to CTE p-tau is uncertain. Off-target flortaucipir binding in the hippocampus and thalamus complicates interpretation of these associations. In vivo biomarkers that can detect the specific p-tau of CTE across the disease continuum are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Alosco
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Boston University CTE Center, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yi Su
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Arizona State University, and Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Thor D Stein
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Boston University CTE Center, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, USA
| | - Hillary Protas
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jonathan D Cherry
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Boston University CTE Center, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles H Adler
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Laura J Balcer
- Departments of Neurology, Population Health and Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles Bernick
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Surya Vamsi Pulukuri
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Boston University CTE Center, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bobak Abdolmohammadi
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Boston University CTE Center, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael J Coleman
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph N Palmisano
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center (BEDAC), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yorghos Tripodis
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Boston University CTE Center, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jesse Mez
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Boston University CTE Center, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- Memory & Aging Center, Departments of Neurology, Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth L Marek
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Invicro, LLC, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | - Keith A Johnson
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Boston, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bertrand Russell Huber
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Boston University CTE Center, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, USA
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare, Jamaica Plain, MA, USA
| | - Inga Koerte
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
- NICUM (NeuroImaging Core Unit Munich), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander P Lin
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Clinical Spectroscopy, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sylvain Bouix
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Cummings
- Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Martha E Shenton
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric M Reiman
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, University of Arizona, Arizona State University, Translational Genomics Research Institute, and Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Ann C McKee
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Boston University CTE Center, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, USA
| | - Robert A Stern
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Boston University CTE Center, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Departments of Neurosurgery, and Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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35
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Shao X, Liu Z, Mao S, Han L. Unraveling the Mechanobiology Underlying Traumatic Brain Injury with Advanced Technologies and Biomaterials. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200760. [PMID: 35841392 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a worldwide health and socioeconomic problem, associated with prolonged and complex neurological aftermaths, including a variety of functional deficits and neurodegenerative disorders. Research on the long-term effects has highlighted that TBI shall be regarded as a chronic health condition. The initiation and exacerbation of TBI involve a series of mechanical stimulations and perturbations, accompanied by mechanotransduction events within the brain tissues. Mechanobiology thus offers a unique perspective and likely promising approach to unravel the underlying molecular and biochemical mechanisms leading to neural cells dysfunction after TBI, which may contribute to the discovery of novel targets for future clinical treatment. This article investigates TBI and the subsequent brain dysfunction from a lens of neuromechanobiology. Following an introduction, the mechanobiological insights are examined into the molecular pathology of TBI, and then an overview is given of the latest research technologies to explore neuromechanobiology, with particular focus on microfluidics and biomaterials. Challenges and prospects in the current field are also discussed. Through this article, it is hoped that extensive technical innovation in biomedical devices and materials can be encouraged to advance the field of neuromechanobiology, paving potential ways for the research and rehabilitation of neurotrauma and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Shao
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.,Suzhou Research Institute, Shandong University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Zhongqian Liu
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Shijie Mao
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Lin Han
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
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36
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Butler MLMD, Dixon E, Stein TD, Alvarez VE, Huber B, Buckland ME, McKee AC, Cherry JD. Tau Pathology in Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy is Primarily Neuronal. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2022; 81:773-780. [PMID: 35903039 PMCID: PMC9487650 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlac065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Millions of individuals are exposed to repetitive head impacts (RHI) each year through contact sports, military blast, and interpersonal violence. RHI is the major risk factor for developing chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a neurodegenerative tauopathy. Recent consensus criteria defined the pathognomonic lesion in CTE as perivascular, hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) in neuronal aggregates. Astroglial p-tau is an inconsistent supporting feature and not in itself diagnostic of CTE. This study quantitated the spatial and cellular distribution of p-tau pathology in postmortem dorsolateral frontal cortex of 150 individuals with CTE, from ages 21 to 80 years old, without comorbid pathology. p-Tau-immunoreactive cells were quantitated in the gray matter sulcus, crest, subpial region, and within pathognomonic CTE lesions. Significantly more neuronal p-tau than astrocytic p-tau was found across all cortical regions (p < 0.0001). Sulcal astrocytic p-tau was primarily (75%, p < 0.0001) localized to subpial regions as thorn-shaped astrocytes, a form of age-related tau astrogliopathy. Neuronal p-tau was significantly associated with age, years of RHI exposure, and CTE severity; astrocytic p-tau pathology was only significantly associated with age. These findings strongly support neuronal degeneration as a driving feature of CTE and will help inform future research and the development of fluid biomarkers for the detection of neuronal degeneration in CTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane L M D Butler
- From the Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erin Dixon
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thor D Stein
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Victor E Alvarez
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bertrand Huber
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael E Buckland
- Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ann C McKee
- From the Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan D Cherry
- Send correspondence to: Jonathan D. Cherry, PhD, VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 S. Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02130, USA; E-mail:
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37
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Sriram S, Lucke-Wold B. Advances Research in Traumatic Encephalopathy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092287. [PMID: 36140388 PMCID: PMC9496579 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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38
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Odfalk KF, Bieniek KF, Hopp SC. Microglia: Friend and foe in tauopathy. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 216:102306. [PMID: 35714860 PMCID: PMC9378545 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of misfolded microtubule associated protein tau into abnormal intracellular inclusions defines a class of neurodegenerative diseases known as tauopathies. The consistent spatiotemporal progression of tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) led to the hypothesis that tau aggregates spread in the brain via bioactive tau "seeds" underlying advancing disease course. Recent studies implicate microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, in both negative and positive regulation of tau pathology. Polymorphisms in genes that alter microglial function are associated with the development of AD and other tauopathies. Experimental manipulation of microglia function can alter tau pathology and microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory cascades can exacerbate tau pathology. Microglia also exert protective functions by mitigating tau spread: microglia internalize tau seeds and have the capacity to degrade them. However, when microglia fail to degrade these tau seeds there are deleterious consequences, including secretion of exosomes containing tau that can spread to neurons. This review explores the intersection of microglia and tau from the perspective of neuropathology, neuroimaging, genetics, transcriptomics, and molecular biology. As tau-targeted therapies such as anti-tau antibodies advance through clinical trials, it is critical to understand the interaction between tau and microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian F Odfalk
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kevin F Bieniek
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sarah C Hopp
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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39
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Murray HC, Osterman C, Bell P, Vinnell L, Curtis MA. Neuropathology in chronic traumatic encephalopathy: a systematic review of comparative post-mortem histology literature. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:108. [PMID: 35933388 PMCID: PMC9356428 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01413-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with repetitive head trauma and is characterised by the perivascular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) in the depths of cortical sulci. CTE can only be diagnosed postmortem and the cellular mechanisms of disease causation remain to be elucidated. Understanding the full scope of the pathological changes currently identified in CTE is necessary to identify areas requiring further research. This systematic review summarises the current literature on CTE pathology from postmortem human tissue histology studies published until 31 December 2021. Publications were included if they quantitively or qualitatively compared postmortem human tissue pathology in CTE to neuropathologically normal cases or other neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Pathological entities investigated included p-tau, beta-amyloid, TDP-43, Lewy bodies, astrogliosis, microgliosis, axonopathy, vascular dysfunction, and cell stress. Of these pathologies, p-tau was the most frequently investigated, with limited reports on other pathological features such as vascular dysfunction, astrogliosis, and microgliosis. Consistent increases in p-tau, TDP-43, microgliosis, axonopathy, and cell stress were reported in CTE cases compared to neuropathologically normal cases. However, there was no clear consensus on how these pathologies compared to AD. The CTE cases used for these studies were predominantly from the VA-BU-CLF brain bank, with American football and boxing as the most frequent sources of repetitive head injury exposure. Overall, this systematic review highlights gaps in the literature and proposes three priorities for future research including: 1. The need for studies of CTE cases with more diverse head injury exposure profiles to understand the consistency of pathology changes between different populations. 2. The need for more studies that compare CTE with normal ageing and AD to further clarify the pathological signature of CTE for diagnostic purposes and to understand the disease process. 3. Further research on non-aggregate pathologies in CTE, such as vascular dysfunction and neuroinflammation. These are some of the least investigated features of CTE pathology despite being implicated in the acute phase response following traumatic head injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen C Murray
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging and Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Chelsie Osterman
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging and Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Paige Bell
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging and Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Luca Vinnell
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging and Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Maurice A Curtis
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging and Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
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40
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Atherton K, Han X, Chung J, Cherry JD, Baucom Z, Saltiel N, Nair E, Abdolmohammadi B, Uretsky M, Khan MM, Shea C, Durape S, Martin BM, Palmisano JN, Farrell K, Nowinski CJ, Alvarez VE, Dwyer B, Daneshvar DH, Katz DI, Goldstein LE, Cantu RC, Kowall NW, Alosco ML, Huber BR, Tripodis Y, Crary JF, Farrer L, Stern RA, Stein TD, McKee AC, Mez J. Association of APOE Genotypes and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy. JAMA Neurol 2022; 79:787-796. [PMID: 35759276 PMCID: PMC9237800 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.1634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Importance Repetitive head impact (RHI) exposure is the chief risk factor for chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). However, the occurrence and severity of CTE varies widely among those with similar RHI exposure. Limited evidence suggests that the APOEε4 allele may confer risk for CTE, but previous studies were small with limited scope. Objective To test the association between APOE genotype and CTE neuropathology and related endophenotypes. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional genetic association study analyzed brain donors from February 2008 to August 2019 from the Veterans Affairs-Boston University-Concussion Legacy Foundation Brain Bank. All donors had exposure to RHI from contact sports or military service. All eligible donors were included. Analysis took place between June 2020 and April 2022. Exposures One or more APOEε4 or APOEε2 alleles. Main Outcomes and Measures CTE neuropathological status, CTE stage (0-IV), semiquantitative phosphorylated tau (p-tau) burden in 11 brain regions (0-3), quantitative p-tau burden in the dorsolateral frontal lobe (log-transformed AT8+ pixel count per mm2), and dementia. Results Of 364 consecutive brain donors (100% male; 53 [14.6%] self-identified as Black and 311 [85.4%] as White; median [IQR] age, 65 [47-77] years) 20 years or older, there were 294 individuals with CTE and 70 controls. Among donors older than 65 years, APOEε4 status was significantly associated with CTE stage (odds ratio [OR], 2.34 [95% CI, 1.30-4.20]; false discovery rate [FDR]-corrected P = .01) and quantitative p-tau burden in the dorsolateral frontal lobe (β, 1.39 [95% CI, 0.83-1.94]; FDR-corrected P = 2.37 × 10-5). There was a nonsignificant association between APOEε4 status and dementia (OR, 2.64 [95% CI, 1.06-6.61]; FDR-corrected P = .08). Across 11 brain regions, significant associations were observed for semiquantitative p-tau burden in the frontal and parietal cortices, amygdala, and entorhinal cortex (OR range, 2.45-3.26). Among football players, the APOEε4 association size for CTE stage was similar to playing more than 7 years of football. Associations were significantly larger in the older half of the sample. There was no significant association for CTE status. Association sizes were similar when donors with an Alzheimer disease neuropathological diagnosis were excluded and were reduced but remained significant after adjusting for neuritic and diffuse amyloid plaques. No associations were observed for APOEε2 status. Models were adjusted for age at death and race. Conclusions and Relevance APOEε4 may confer increased risk for CTE-related neuropathological and clinical outcomes among older individuals with RHI exposure. Further work is required to validate these findings in an independent sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Atherton
- Boston University Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xudong Han
- Boston University Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Boston, Massachusetts.,Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jaeyoon Chung
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan D Cherry
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bedford, Massachusetts
| | - Zachary Baucom
- Boston University Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nicole Saltiel
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bedford, Massachusetts
| | - Evan Nair
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bobak Abdolmohammadi
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Madeline Uretsky
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Conor Shea
- Boston University Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shruti Durape
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brett M Martin
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Biostatistics & Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph N Palmisano
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Biostatistics & Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kurt Farrell
- Department of Pathology, Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Christopher J Nowinski
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Concussion Legacy Foundation, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Victor E Alvarez
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bedford, Massachusetts
| | - Brigid Dwyer
- Braintree Rehabilitation Hospital, Braintree, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel H Daneshvar
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Douglas I Katz
- Braintree Rehabilitation Hospital, Braintree, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lee E Goldstein
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert C Cantu
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurosurgery, Emerson Hospital, Concord, Massachusetts
| | - Neil W Kowall
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael L Alosco
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bertrand R Huber
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bedford, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yorghos Tripodis
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Boston University Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John F Crary
- Department of Pathology, Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Lindsay Farrer
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Boston University Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert A Stern
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thor D Stein
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bedford, Massachusetts
| | - Ann C McKee
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bedford, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jesse Mez
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Grotemeyer A, McFleder RL, Wu J, Wischhusen J, Ip CW. Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease - Putative Pathomechanisms and Targets for Disease-Modification. Front Immunol 2022; 13:878771. [PMID: 35663989 PMCID: PMC9158130 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.878771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive and debilitating chronic disease that affects more than six million people worldwide, with rising prevalence. The hallmarks of PD are motor deficits, the spreading of pathological α-synuclein clusters in the central nervous system, and neuroinflammatory processes. PD is treated symptomatically, as no causally-acting drug or procedure has been successfully established for clinical use. Various pathways contributing to dopaminergic neuron loss in PD have been investigated and described to interact with the innate and adaptive immune system. We discuss the possible contribution of interconnected pathways related to the immune response, focusing on the pathophysiology and neurodegeneration of PD. In addition, we provide an overview of clinical trials targeting neuroinflammation in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Wischhusen
- Section for Experimental Tumor Immunology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Chi Wang Ip
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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42
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Alvia M, Aytan N, Spencer KR, Foster ZW, Rauf NA, Guilderson L, Robey I, Averill JG, Walker SE, Alvarez VE, Huber BR, Mathais R, Cormier KA, Nicks R, Pothast M, Labadorf A, Agus F, Alosco ML, Mez J, Kowall NW, McKee AC, Brady CB, Stein TD. MicroRNA Alterations in Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:855096. [PMID: 35663558 PMCID: PMC9160996 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.855096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive head impacts (RHI) and traumatic brain injuries are risk factors for the neurodegenerative diseases chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ALS and CTE are distinct disorders, yet in some instances, share pathology, affect similar brain regions, and occur together. The pathways involved and biomarkers for diagnosis of both diseases are largely unknown. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) involved in gene regulation may be altered in neurodegeneration and be useful as stable biomarkers. Thus, we set out to determine associations between miRNA levels and disease state within the prefrontal cortex in a group of brain donors with CTE, ALS, CTE + ALS and controls. Of 47 miRNAs previously implicated in neurological disease and tested here, 28 (60%) were significantly different between pathology groups. Of these, 21 (75%) were upregulated in both ALS and CTE, including miRNAs involved in inflammatory, apoptotic, and cell growth/differentiation pathways. The most significant change occurred in miR-10b, which was significantly increased in ALS, but not CTE or CTE + ALS. Overall, we found patterns of miRNA expression that are common and unique to CTE and ALS and that suggest shared and distinct mechanisms of pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Alvia
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nurgul Aytan
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Ian Robey
- Southern Arizona VA Healthcare System, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - James G. Averill
- Southern Arizona VA Healthcare System, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Sean E. Walker
- Southern Arizona VA Healthcare System, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Victor E. Alvarez
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bedford, MA, United States
| | - Bertrand R. Huber
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rebecca Mathais
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kerry A. Cormier
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bedford, MA, United States
| | - Raymond Nicks
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Morgan Pothast
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Adam Labadorf
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Filisia Agus
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michael L. Alosco
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jesse Mez
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Neil W. Kowall
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ann C. McKee
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bedford, MA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christopher B. Brady
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bedford, MA, United States
| | - Thor D. Stein
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bedford, MA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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Cai L, Gong Q, Qi L, Xu T, Suo Q, Li X, Wang W, Jing Y, Yang D, Xu Z, Yuan F, Tang Y, Yang G, Ding J, Chen H, Tian H. ACT001 attenuates microglia-mediated neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury via inhibiting AKT/NFκB/NLRP3 pathway. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:56. [PMID: 35461293 PMCID: PMC9035258 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00862-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory response following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is considered as a vital secondary injury factor, which drives trauma-induced neurodegeneration and is lack of efficient treatment. ACT001, a sesquiterpene lactone derivative, is reportedly involved in alleviation of inflammatory response. However, little is known regarding its function in regulating innate immune response of central nervous system (CNS) after TBI. This study aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of ACT001 in TBI.
Methods
Controlled cortical impact (CCI) models were used to establish model of TBI. Cresyl violet staining, evans blue extravasation, neurobehavioral function assessments, immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy were used to evaluate therapeutic effects of ACT001 in vivo. Microglial depletion was induced by administering mice with colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitor, PLX5622. Cell-cell interaction models were established as co-culture system to simulate TBI conditions in vitro. Cytotoxic effect of ACT001 on cell viability was assessed by cell counting kit-8 and activation of microglia cells were induced by Lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Pro-inflammatory cytokines expression was determined by Real-time PCR and nitric oxide production. Apoptotic cells were detected by TUNEL and flow cytometry assays. Tube formation was performed to evaluate cellular angiogenic ability. ELISA and western blot experiments were used to determine proteins expression. Pull-down assay was used to analyze proteins that bound ACT001.
Results
ACT001 relieved the extent of blood-brain barrier integrity damage and alleviated motor function deficits after TBI via reducing trauma-induced activation of microglia cells. Delayed depletion of microglia with PLX5622 hindered therapeutic effect of ACT001. Furthermore, ACT001 alleviated LPS-induced activation in mouse and rat primary microglia cells. Besides, ACT001 was effective in suppressing LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines production in BV2 cells, resulting in reduction of neuronal apoptosis in HT22 cells and improvement of tube formation in bEnd.3 cells. Mechanism by which ACT001 functioned was related to AKT/NFκB/NLRP3 pathway. ACT001 restrained NFκB nuclear translocation in microglia cells through inhibiting AKT phosphorylation, resulting in decrease of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and finally down-regulated microglial neuroinflammatory response.
Conclusions
Our study indicated that ACT001 played critical role in microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory response and might be a novel potential chemotherapeutic drug for TBI.
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Advances in Visualizing Microglial Cells in Human Central Nervous System Tissue. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050603. [PMID: 35625531 PMCID: PMC9138569 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation has recently been identified as a fundamentally important pathological process in most, if not all, CNS diseases. The main contributor to neuroinflammation is the microglia, which constitute the innate immune response system. Accurate identification of microglia and their reactivity state is therefore essential to further our understanding of CNS pathophysiology. Many staining techniques have been used to visualise microglia in rodent and human tissue, and immunostaining is currently the most frequently used. Historically, identification of microglia was predominantly based on morphological structure, however, recently there has been a reliance on selective antigen expression, and microglia-specific markers have been identified providing increased certainty that the cells observed are in fact microglia, rather than the similar yet distinct macrophages. To date, the most microglia-specific markers are P2Y12 and TMEM119. However, other microglia-related markers can also be useful for demonstrating activation state, phagocytic state, and for neuroimaging purposes in longitudinal studies. Overall, it is important to be aware of the microglia-selectivity issues of the various stains and immunomarkers used by researchers to distinguish microglia in CNS tissue to avoid misinterpretation.
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Babcock KJ, Abdolmohammadi B, Kiernan PT, Mahar I, Cherry JD, Alvarez VE, Goldstein LE, Stein TD, McKee AC, Huber BR. Interface astrogliosis in contact sport head impacts and military blast exposure. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:52. [PMID: 35418116 PMCID: PMC9009003 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01358-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to military blast and repetitive head impacts (RHI) in contact sports is associated with increased risk of long-term neurobehavioral sequelae and cognitive deficits, and the neurodegenerative disease chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). At present, the exact pathogenic mechanisms of RHI and CTE are unknown, and no targeted therapies are available. Astrocytes have recently emerged as key mediators of the multicellular response to head trauma. Here, we investigated interface astrogliosis in blast and impact neurotrauma, specifically in the context of RHI and early stage CTE. We compared postmortem brain tissue from former military veterans with a history of blast exposure with and without a neuropathological diagnosis of CTE, former American football players with a history of RHI with and without a neuropathological diagnosis of CTE, and control donors without a history of blast, RHI exposure or CTE diagnosis. Using quantitative immunofluorescence, we found that astrogliosis was higher at the grey-white matter interface in the dorsolateral frontal cortex, with mixed effects at the subpial surface and underlying cortex, in both blast and RHI donors with and without CTE, compared to controls. These results indicate that certain astrocytic alterations are associated with both impact and blast neurotrauma, and that different astroglial responses take place in distinct brain regions.
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Zheng X, Mi T, Wang R, Zhang Z, Li W, Zhao J, Yang P, Xia H, Mao Q. Progranulin deficiency promotes persistent neuroinflammation and causes regional pathology in the hippocampus following traumatic brain injury. Glia 2022; 70:1317-1336. [PMID: 35362178 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can be progressive and can lead to the development of a long-term complication termed chronic traumatic encephalopathy. The mechanisms underlying the progressive changes are still unknown; however, studies have suggested that microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in response to TBI may play a fundamental role. This study aimed to determine whether progranulin (PGRN), a major modulator of microglial activity, plays a role in the progressive damage following TBI. PGRN-deficient and wild-type mice were subjected to controlled cortical impact and were observed neuropathologically after 3 days, 7 days, and 5 months. Compared to sham and wild-type mice, the PGRN-deficient mice showed overall stronger microgliosis and astrocytosis. The astrocytosis involved broader areas than the microgliosis and was more prominent in the basal ganglia, hippocampus, and internal capsule in PGRN-deficient mice. Ongoing neuronal death was uniquely observed in the hippocampal CA3 region of PGRN-deficient mice at 5 months after TBI, accompanying the regional chronic microgliosis and astrocytosis involving the CA3 commissural pathway. In addition, there was M1 microglial polarization in the pericontusional area with activated TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling; however, the hippocampus showed only mild M1 polarization 7 days after TBI. Lastly, Morris water maze tests showed PGRN-deficient mice had poorer spatial learning and memory 5 months after TBI than wild-type or sham mice. The data indicated the PGRN deficiency caused TBI progression by promoting persistent microgliosis with microglial polarization and astrocytosis, as well as regional pathology in the hippocampus. The study suggests that PGRN should be evaluated as a potential therapy for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zheng
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tiantian Mi
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junli Zhao
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peiyan Yang
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haibin Xia
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qinwen Mao
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor signaling in the central nervous system and the potential of its pharmacological inhibitors to halt the progression of neurological disorders. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:821-842. [PMID: 35290551 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00958-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colony Stimulating Factor-1 (CSF-1)/Colony Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor (CSF-1R) signaling axis plays an essential role in the development, maintenance, and proliferation of macrophage lineage cells. Within the central nervous system, CSF-1R signaling primarily maintains microglial homeostasis. Microglia, being the resident macrophage and first responder to any neurological insults, plays critical importance in overall health of the human brain. Aberrant and sustained activation of microglia along with continued proliferation and release of neurotoxic proinflammatory cytokines have been reported in various neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, halting the neuroinflammatory pathway via targeting microglial proliferation, which depends on CSF-1R signaling, has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for neurological disorders. However, apart from regulating the microglial function, recently it has been discovered that CSF-1R has much broader role in central nervous system. These findings limit the therapeutic utility of CSF-1R inhibitors but also highlight the need for a complete understanding of CSF-1R function within the central nervous system. Moreover, it has been found that selective inhibitors of CSF-1R may be more efficient in avoiding non-specific targeting and associated side effects. Short-term depletion of microglial population in diseased conditions have also been found to be beneficial; however, the dose and therapeutic window for optimum effects may need to be standardized further.This review summarizes the present understanding of CSF-1R function within the central nervous system. We discuss the CSF-1R signaling in the context of microglia function, crosstalk between microglia and astroglia, and regulation of neuronal cell function. We also discuss a few of the neurological disorders with a focus on the utility of CSF-1R inhibitors as potential therapeutic strategy for halting the progression of neurological diseases.
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Kerwin J, Yücesoy A, Vidhate S, Dávila-Montero BM, Van Orman JL, Pence TJ, Tartis M, Mejía-Alvarez R, Willis AM. Sulcal Cavitation in Linear Head Acceleration: Possible Correlation With Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy. Front Neurol 2022; 13:832370. [PMID: 35295830 PMCID: PMC8918564 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.832370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a significant public health and financial concern that is affecting tens of thousands of people in the United States annually. There were over a million hospital visits related to TBI in 2017. Along with immediate and short-term morbidity from TBI, chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) can have life-altering, chronic morbidity, yet the direct linkage of how head impacts lead to this pathology remains unknown. A possible clue is that chronic traumatic encephalopathy appears to initiate in the depths of the sulci. The purpose of this study was to isolate the injury mechanism/s associated with blunt force impact events. To this end, drop tower experiments were performed on a human head phantom. Our phantom was fabricated into a three-dimensional extruded ellipsoid geometry made out of Polyacrylamide gelatin that incorporated gyri-sulci interaction. The phantom was assembled into a polylactic acid 3D-printed skull, surrounded with deionized water, and enclosed between two optical windows. The phantom received repetitive low-force impacts on the order of magnitude of an average boxing punch. Intracranial pressure profiles were recorded in conjunction with high-speed imaging, 25 k frames-per-second. Cavitation was observed in all trials. Cavitation is the spontaneous formation of vapor bubbles in the liquid phase resulting from a pressure drop that reaches the vapor pressure of the liquid. The observed cavitation was predominately located in the contrecoup during negative pressure phases of local intracranial pressure. To further investigate the cavitation interaction with the brain tissue phantom, a 2D plane strain computational model was built to simulate the deformation of gyrated tissue as a result from the initiation of cavitation bubbles seen in the phantom experiments. These computational experiments demonstrated a focusing of strain at the depths of the sulci from bubble expansion. Our results add further evidence that mechanical interactions could contribute to the development of chronic traumatic encephalopathy and also that fluid cavitation may play a role in this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kerwin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Atacan Yücesoy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Suhas Vidhate
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Bianca M. Dávila-Montero
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Jacob L. Van Orman
- Department of Neurology, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Thomas J. Pence
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Michaelann Tartis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM, United States
| | - Ricardo Mejía-Alvarez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Ricardo Mejía-Alvarez
| | - Adam M. Willis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Neurology, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
- Adam M. Willis
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Stormezand GN, Doorduin J, Rakers SE, Spikman JM, van der Naalt J, García DV, van der Hoorn A, van der Weijden CWJ, Kremer BPH, Renken RJ, Dierckx RAJO. Imaging of neuroinflammation due to repetitive head injury in currently active kickboxers. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:3162-3172. [PMID: 35165788 PMCID: PMC9250484 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05715-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Chronic traumatic encephalopathy refers to a neurodegenerative disease resulting from repetitive head injury of participants in contact sports. Similar to other neurodegenerative diseases, neuroinflammation is thought to play a role in the onset and progression of the disease. Limited knowledge is available regarding the neuroinflammatory consequences of repetitive head injury in currently active contact sports athletes. PET imaging of the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) allows quantification of microglial activation in vivo, a marker of neuroinflammation. Methods Eleven rank A kickboxers and 11 age-matched controls underwent TSPO PET using [11C]-PK11195, anatomical MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, and neuropsychological testing. Relevant imaging parameters were derived and correlated with the outcomes of the neuropsychological testing. Results On a group level, no statistically significant differences were detected in non-displaceable binding potential (BPND) using PET. Individually, 3 kickboxers showed increased BPNDs in widespread regions of the brain without a correlation with other modalities. Increased FA was observed in the superior corona radiata bilaterally. DTI parameters in other regions did not differ between groups. Conclusion Despite negative results on a group level, individual results suggest that neuroinflammation may be present as a consequence of repetitive head injury in active kickboxers. Future studies using a longitudinal design may determine whether the observed TSPO upregulation is related to the future development of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00259-022-05715-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles N Stormezand
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Janine Doorduin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra E Rakers
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacoba M Spikman
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joukje van der Naalt
- Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - David Vállez García
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk van der Hoorn
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chris W J van der Weijden
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Berry P H Kremer
- Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Remco J Renken
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi A J O Dierckx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
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50
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Filippi L, Schillaci O, Palumbo B. Neuroimaging with PET/CT in chronic traumatic encephalopathy: what nuclear medicine can do to move the field forward. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2022; 22:149-156. [PMID: 35086415 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2022.2035723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a progressive neurodegenerative syndrome, caused by single or repeated traumatic brain injuries. Since a few years ago, post mortem examination represented the only effective method to diagnose CTE through the detection of its peculiar neuropathological features (i.e. tau protein aggregates) at a macroscopic and microscopic level. Several efforts have been made to develop radiopharmaceuticals characterized by high affinity for tau aggregates, suitable for imaging through Positron Emission Computed Tomography (Tau-PET). AREAS COVERED : The various radiopharmaceuticals utilized for the molecular imaging of CTE through Tau-PET are covered, with specific reference to their applications in clinical practice. Furthermore, PET probes binding to the translocator protein (TSPO), a marker of brain injury and repair, are reviewed as potential tools for the imaging of neuroinflammatory cascade associated with CTE. EXPERT OPINION molecular neuroimaging of CTE with Tau-PET is an intriguing, although still not completely explored, tool for the in vivo detection and monitoring of neuropathological hallmarks associated with CTE. Furthermore, some novel tracers, such as TSPO-ligands, hold the promise to get an insight into the complex physiopathological mechanisms leading from brain injury to symptomatic CTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Filippi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Via Canova 3, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Orazio Schillaci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Barbara Palumbo
- Section of Nuclear Medicine and Health Physics, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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