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Doura Alomari H, Alsayed Tolibah Y, Kouchaji C. Efficacy of BioMin F and NovaMin toothpastes against streptococcus mutans: an in vitro study. BDJ Open 2024; 10:20. [PMID: 38467637 PMCID: PMC10928140 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-024-00202-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This in vitro study was accomplished to demonstrate the antibacterial efficacy of BioMin F and NovaMin toothpastes against the recently-isolated Streptococcus Mutans in comparison with a commonly used fluoride toothpaste. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dental plaque collection method was adopted to isolate streptococcus mutans in children with dental caries. Then an ideal Streptococcus Mutans colony was incubated in 20 Petri dishes that contained Mueller-Hinton medium. Each dish had 3 wells; one well for each toothpaste (BioMin F, NovMin, and Signal) to perform the agar diffusion test. After incubating for 24 hours, the inhabitation zone around each well of each Petri dish was noticed and measured. Statistical Analysis was achieved using a statistical package, SPSS Windows version 17, by applying Kruskal-Wallis with Mann-Whitney U test (α = 0.05). RESULTS BioMin F showed the highest mean of inhibition zone diameter (x ¯ = 2.67 mm) in compared with NovaMin and Signal (x ¯ = 0.39 mm andx ¯ = 2.19 mm; p < 0.001 in each pairwise comparison). CONCLUSION BioMin F toothpaste showed superior antibacterial effect against Streptococcus mutans to Signal and NovaMin toothpastes. Novamin showed the lowest antibacterial effect. This in vitro study suggests that BioMin F toothpaste shows encouraging potential to be recommended as a preventive measure to reduce the caries risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haya Doura Alomari
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Yasser Alsayed Tolibah
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic.
| | - Chaza Kouchaji
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
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White Spot Lesions (WSLs)-Post-Orthodontic Occurrence, Management and Treatment Alternatives: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051908. [PMID: 36902696 PMCID: PMC10003622 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although treatment with fixed or mobile appliances has become an important part of modern orthodontics, side effects such as white spot lesions (WSLs) have a negative impact on the aesthetic outcome of orthodontic treatment. The purpose of this article was to review current evidence on the diagnosis, risk assessment, prevention, management and post-orthodontic treatment of these lesions. Data collection was performed electronically, and the initial search using the keywords "white spot lesions", "orthodontics", "WSL", "enamel" and "demineralization" in different combinations resulted in 1032 articles for the two electronic databases used. Ultimately, a total of 47 manuscripts were considered relevant to the aim of this research and included in this review. The results of the review indicate that WSLs remain a significant problem during orthodontic treatment. According to studies in the literature, the severity of WSLs correlates to the duration of treatment. Using toothpaste with more than 1000 ppm fluoride at home reduces the frequency of WSL separation and regular application of varnishes in the office reduces the frequency of the occurrence of WSLs only in the context of maintaining a strict hygiene regime. The old hypothesis that elastomeric ligatures retain more dental plaque than metal ones has been refuted. There are no differences in the appearance of WSLs between conventional brackets and self-ligating brackets. Clear aligner mobile devices develop fewer WSLs but are more extensive as opposed to conventional fixed devices, while lingual orthodontic appliances have a lower incidence of WSLs, and the most effective device for preventing these lesions is WIN, followed by Incognito.
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Rajaram K, Jnaneshwar PR, Idaayath A, Kannan R. Streptococcus mutans levels in patients who received orthodontic brackets bonded using probiotic impregnated resin composite - a randomized clinical trial. Biomater Investig Dent 2023; 10:2195877. [PMID: 37090484 PMCID: PMC10120565 DOI: 10.1080/26415275.2023.2195877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of impregnating an orthodontic resin composite with probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG) on the levels of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Thirty patients were randomly selected and allotted by block randomization to two groups: an experimental group, who received brackets bonded with probiotic impregnated resin composite and a control group, who received brackets bonded with conventional light cure resin composite. Plaque samples were collected before (ET0 and CT0) and two months (ET1 and CT1) after bonding. Levels of S. mutans were assessed using the colony count method. Two months after bonding of the brackets, the S. mutans levels had decreased with statistical significance in the experimental group (p = 0.001), but not in the control group (p = 0.137). Impregnation of resin composite with probiotic bacteria for the purpose of preventing formation of white spot lesions on enamel holds promise. Long-term evaluation would be necessary to provide confirmatory results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Poornima R. Jnaneshwar
- Department of Orthodontics, SRM Dental College, Chennai, India
- CONTACT Poornima R. Jnaneshwar Department of Orthodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai600089, India
| | - Azmina Idaayath
- Department of Orthodontics, SRM Dental College, Chennai, India
| | - Ravi Kannan
- Department of Orthodontics, SRM Dental College, Chennai, India
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DIAGNOdent pen quantification of the synergy of NovaMin® in fluoride toothpaste to remineralize white spot lesions in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances: A double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Int Orthod 2022; 20:100632. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2022.100632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Bacterial Exposure to Nickel: Influence on Adhesion and Biofilm Formation on Orthodontic Archwires and Sensitivity to Antimicrobial Agents. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14164603. [PMID: 34443123 PMCID: PMC8397954 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The presence of nickel could modify bacterial behavior and susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Adhesion and biofilm formation on orthodontic archwires can be a source of bacterial colonization and possible health hazards. Staphylococcus aureus was subjected to exposure and adaptation to various sub-inhibitory concentrations of nickel. Five strains of bacteria adapted to nickel in concentrations of 62.5-1000 μg/mL were tested for adhesion and biofilm formation on nickel-titanium archwires. Archwires were previously incubated in artificial saliva. Bacteria were incubated with orthodontic wire with stirring for 4 h (adhesion) and 24 h (biofilm formation). The number of adherent bacteria was determined after sonication and cultivation on the Muller-Hinton agar. Disk diffusion method was performed on all bacteria to assess the differences in antimicrobial susceptibility. Bacteria adapted to lower concentrations of nickel adhered better to nickel-titanium than strains adapted to higher concentrations of nickel (p < 0.05). Biofilm formation was highest in strains adapted to 250 and 500 μg/mL of nickel (p < 0.05). The highest biofilm biomass was measured for strains adapted to 250 μg/mL, followed by those adapted to 1000 μg/mL. Bacteria adapted to lower concentrations of nickel demonstrated lower inhibition zone diameters in the disk diffusion method (p < 0.05), indicating increased antimicrobial resistance. In conclusion, bacteria adapted to 250 μg/mL of nickel ions adhered better, demonstrated higher biofilm formation and often had higher antimicrobial resistance than other adapted and non-adapted strains.
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Wang Y, Qin D, Guo F, Levey C, Huang G, Ngan P, Hua F, He H. Outcomes used in trials regarding the prevention and treatment of orthodontically induced white spot lesions: A scoping review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021; 160:659-670.e7. [PMID: 34366187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective was to identify and summarize the outcomes and evaluation methods used in clinical trials regarding the prevention and treatment of orthodontically induced white spot lesions (WSLs). METHODS Three electronic databases were searched to identify studies that were (1) clinical trials on prevention and/or treatment of orthodontically induced WSLs, (2) reported in English, and (3) published between January 2010 and October 2019. At least 2 authors assessed the eligibility and extracted the characteristics, outcomes, and evaluation methods from included studies. All disagreements were resolved through discussion. RESULTS Among 1328 studies identified, 51 were eligible and included. A total of 48 different outcomes and 11 different evaluation methods were used in these studies. The most frequently used outcomes were WSLs clinical visual examination scores (n = 22, 43.1%), DIAGNOdent values (n = 14; 27.5%), fluorescence loss measured with quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) (n = 10; 19.6%), and lesion area measured with QLF (n = 10; 19.6%). The most frequently used evaluation methods were clinical examination (n = 25; 49.0%), visual inspection by photographs (n = 15; 29.4%), DIAGNOdent (n = 14; 27.5%), and QLF (n = 10; 19.6%). None of the included studies reported data on quality of life. CONCLUSIONS Substantial outcome heterogeneity exists among studies regarding the prevention and treatment of orthodontically induced WSLs. Most of the identified outcomes are aimed to assess morphologic changes of WSLs and may not reflect patient perspectives. REGISTRATION The Core Outcome Set for trials on the prevention and treatment of enamel White Spot Lesions (COS-WSL) project was registered in the COMET Initiative database (No. 1399).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlei Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Danchen Qin
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feiyang Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Colin Levey
- School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Greg Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - Peter Ngan
- Department of Orthodontics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WVa
| | - Fang Hua
- Department of Orthodontics and Center for Evidence-Based Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Division of Dentistry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Hong He
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Midha V, Midha V, Kochhar AS, Kochhar GK, Bhasin R, Dadlani H. Evaluating the efficacy of desensitizing dentifrices on dentinal hypersensitivity management: A scanning electron microscopic analysis. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2021; 25:283-287. [PMID: 34393397 PMCID: PMC8336776 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_247_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) adversely affects quality of life by impairing the ability to eat and drink certain foods, therefore, should be addressed promptly with a contingency plan that includes initial treatment with a noninvasive prophylactic home care approach, followed by in-office treatment if desired result is not achieved. Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of four different pastes containing 5% NovaMin (Sensodyne Repair and Protect®), Propolis (Phytoshield Propolis®), 5% potassium nitrate (Sensodyne®), and 8% arginine (Colgate Sensitive Pro Relief®) based toothpastes in the treatment of DH. Materials and Methods One hundred dentin slices were cut from the crown section of molars. Etching with 37% orthophosphoric acid was done to open the tubules. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) study was done to ensure that the tubules are opened. The dentin specimens were divided into four groups: Group 1 -5% NovaMin, Group 2 - Propolis, Group 3 - 5% potassium nitrate, and Group 4 - 8% arginine. Samples were brushed for 2 min twice daily with a soft toothbrush for 15 days and were stored in distilled water. The samples were rinsed under running water to remove the toothpaste. The SEM was performed to check the obliteration of tubules. Results 5% NovaMin group showed more completely occluded dentinal tubules when compared to other groups. The differences among all the groups were statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion In the present study, all materials, NovaMin, Propolis, potassium nitrate, and arginine, were effective in occluding dentinal tubules but NovaMin appeared most proficient in occluding tubules, followed by arginine, potassium nitrate, and Propolis. Topical NovaMin is an upcoming agent demonstrating desensitization and remineralization properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasu Midha
- Department of Endodontics, National Dental College and Hospital, Dera Bassi, Punjab, India
| | - Vishu Midha
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, National Dental College and Hospital, Dera Bassi, Punjab, India
| | - Anuraj Singh Kochhar
- Former Orthodontist, Department of Dentistry, Max Hospital Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Gulsheen Kaur Kochhar
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, National Dental College and Hospital, Dera Bassi, Punjab, India
| | - Ritasha Bhasin
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, India
| | - Himanshu Dadlani
- Department of Periodontology, Kalka Dental College and Hospital, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Mathews J, Schneider PM, Horvath A, Manton DJ, Silva M. Prevention of incipient carious lesions with various interventions during fixed and removable orthodontic treatment. A systematic review and meta-analysis. AUSTRALASIAN ORTHODONTIC JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.21307/aoj-2021-002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Effectiveness of remineralizing agents in the prevention and reversal of orthodontically induced white spot lesions: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 24:4153-4167. [PMID: 33057826 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03610-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the effectiveness of remineralizing agents in the prevention and reversal of white spot lesions (WSLs), which occur during fixed orthodontic treatment, through a systematic review and network meta-analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed controlled randomized clinical trial (RCT) data querying nine databases combined with a manual search (last search date: March 10, 2020). Of 2273 identified studies, 36 RCTs were finally included. After study selection and data extraction, pair-wise and network meta-analyses were performed to analyze the effectiveness of remineralizing agents in the prevention and reversal of WSLs in the short term (≤ 3 months) and long term (> 3 months). The risk of bias was assessed based on the Cochrane guidelines. Statistical heterogeneity, inconsistencies, and cumulative ranking were also evaluated. RESULTS In terms of WSL prevention, sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish had the highest cumulative ranking for the short-term decalcification index (99.3%); acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) foam ranked first for long-term incidence (96.9%), followed by difluorosilane (Dfs) varnish and high-concentration fluoride toothpaste (HFT) (79.4% and 77.4%, respectively). In the reversal of WSLs, no significant difference was found among different agents or their combinations for the two available outcomes (short-term integrated fluorescence loss and short-term percentage of fluorescence loss). CONCLUSIONS In the prevention of WSLs, APF foam showed the best remineralizing effectiveness in the long term (after debonding), followed by Dfs varnish and HFT. It is unclear whether remineralizing agents can effectively reverse WSLs based on the existing evidence. CLINICAL RELEVANCE APF foam may be recommended as a remineralizing agent for preventing orthodontically induced WSLs. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019116852.
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Bangi SL, Mohd. MUM, Konda P, Talapaneni AK, Fatima A, Hussain A. Evaluation of Three Commercially Available Materials in Reducing the White Spot Lesions During Fixed Orthodontic Treatment: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial. JOURNAL OF INDIAN ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0301574219886935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Treating white spot lesions (WSL) to create a sound and esthetically pleasing enamel surface is a question yet to be fully answered. The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to measure and compare the degree of regression of WSL during orthodontic treatment achieved by using three commercially available materials. Methods: A single-blinded randomized prospective clinical trial, comprising 80 patients categorized into four groups (one control group and three experimental groups, with 20 subjects per group) using block randomization, was conducted. Group A (control group): Colgate strong toothpaste; and experiments groups were Group B: GC tooth mousse, Group C: Phos-Flur mouthwash and Group D: SHY-NM. Subjects were instructed to use the designated dentifrice/mouthwash and photographs were taken at baseline, third and sixth months, and white spot lesions were reassessed in the maxillomandibular anterior teeth. Results: All the three groups had shown an improvement in WSL. But Group B has shown the greatest difference in mean values of decalcification index (DI) scores. Conclusion: All three commercially available products showed a regression of WSL over a 6-month duration. GC tooth mousse proved to be the most effective means of treating WSL over other regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Prasad Konda
- Al Badar Rural Dental College and Hospital, Gulbarga, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Asma Fatima
- Al Badar Rural Dental College and Hospital, Gulbarga, Karnataka, India
| | - Arshad Hussain
- Al Badar Rural Dental College and Hospital, Gulbarga, Karnataka, India
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Is there evidence for Novamin application in remineralization?: A Systematic review. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2020; 10:87-92. [PMID: 32190542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Calcium sodium phosphor-silicate material, a type of bio-glass was originally developed as an implant material to regenerate bone and recently adapted for use in oral care products (NovaMin Technology Inc.). Novamin is used for many dental problems like hypersensitivity, gingivitis, bleeding, non-carious lesions, carious lesions, whitening and is currently emerging as one of the treatment modality for the remineralization of the tooth. Since the prescription of these novel materials to the patients are based on cost effectiveness, efficacy and effectiveness, a clinician should make decision based on best available evidence. Hence, the objective of this review is to find out the current evidence available on the use of Novamin as an agent for remineralization. Materials and methods Relevant articles were searched and screened from several databases including PubMed, Cochrane review, Science Direct and trip which were published till 1988 to July 2017; The articles relevant to the objective of this review were included (RCT's) and articles out of interest of this review were excluded. The primary outcome for the chosen studies is the remineralization capacity of Novamin. Data extraction is done independently and jointly by 3 authors using data collection forms. Studies obtained were evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration tools for accessing risk bias. The assessment of the quality of the evidence and the bias risk was obtained using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and evaluation System. Results The articles from the database obtained for further review was N = 1. According to the study reviewed, the baseline comparisons using decalcification index obtained between Novamin study group (ReNew) and the control group (Crest) yield a P-value of 0.97 whereas after a 3 months interval follow up the value is 0.0403 suggesting there was a trend towards improvement in white spot lesions in the control group and at 6 months' time point the p-value is 0.81 concluding that there are no significant difference of remineralization process obtained by using traditional toothpaste and Novamin. Conclusion Review shows that Novamin has significantly less clinical evidence to prove its effectiveness as a remineralization agent in treating both carious and non-carious lesion. Hence, better designed clinical trials should be carried out in the future before definitive recommendations can be made.
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Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles on Orthodontic Brackets: A New Alternative in the Prevention of White Spots. COATINGS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings9080480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used for their powerful antibacterial effect and their ability to adhere to surfaces due to their size; they are used in different areas of life, mainly in the area of health as medicine. More recently, in dentistry, the synthesis and characterization of AgNPs attracted significant attention due to their antibacterial properties. In this study, the AgNPs were synthesized using the most effective method on different orthodontic brackets (metallic and esthetic) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Their antimicrobial effect was tested against the widely used standard human pathogens Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-negative) and Escherichia coli (Gram-positive). Our results showed that, via a simple chemical method, AgNPs can be synthesized on the surface of orthodontic brackets with good antimicrobial activity and the possibility of reducing dental decay, periodontal disease and white spots generated during orthodontic treatment.
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Kannan A, Padmanabhan S. Comparative evaluation of Icon® resin infiltration and Clinpro™ XT varnish on colour and fluorescence changes of white spot lesions: a randomized controlled trial. Prog Orthod 2019; 20:23. [PMID: 31204437 PMCID: PMC6571438 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-019-0276-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this trial was to comparatively evaluate Icon® resin infiltration and Clinpro™ XT varnish in restoring aesthetics of white spot lesions (WSLs) present post-orthodontic treatment. Materials and methods Two hundred forty WSLs were detected in 193 teeth of 12 patients. The participants were analysed—before intervention (T0), immediately after intervention (T1), 3 months later (T2) and 6 months later (T3), with a 1:1 allocation ratio for the application of Icon® resin infiltration and Clinpro™ XT varnish. Using a computer-generated allocation sequence, block randomization was done. A spectrophotometer was used to assess the colour of WSLs and the adjacent enamel, while a DIAGNOdent® was used to assess the fluorescence loss. Results Immediately after the intervention, Icon® resin infiltration showed statistically significant better improvement than Clinpro™ XT varnish in restoring the colour (p = 0.000); however, at 3 (p = 0.001) and 6 months (p = 0.000), this was reversed. Except at 3 months, the fluorescence loss sequentially reduced more for Icon® resin infiltration (4.48 ± 1.42 at T0 to 1.48 ± 0.81 at T3) and was not statistically significant. Conclusions Clinpro™ XT varnish showed significantly better improvement than Icon® resin infiltration in restoring the colour and lightness of the WSLs at 3 and 6 months. The fluorescence loss significantly recovered with both intervention methods between immediate application and at 6 months. However, Clinpro™ XT varnish-treated WSLs showed a statistically significant difference compared to the adjacent sound enamel at 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annapurna Kannan
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India.
| | - Sridevi Padmanabhan
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
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Kau CH, Wang J, Palombini A, Abou-Kheir N, Christou T. Effect of fluoride dentifrices on white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment: A randomized trial. Angle Orthod 2019; 89:365-371. [PMID: 30719933 DOI: 10.2319/051818-371.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of Clinpro 5000, Clinpro Tooth Crème, and MI-Paste Plus on the formation of white spot lesions in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three prospective groups with 40 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment in each group were evaluated (total recruitment = 120 subjects). The selected product was brushed on for 2 minutes twice daily for 4 months. Subjects were reviewed for 4 months on a monthly basis. The Enamel Decalcification Index (EDI) was used to determine the number of white spot lesions per surface at each visit. RESULTS 100 subjects (35 using Clinpro 5000, 32 using Clinpro Tooth Crème, and 33 using MI Paste Plus) completed the study. The data lend strong support for Clinpro 5000 providing superior protection against enamel decalcification when compared to Clinpro Crème, and mixed support when compared to MI Paste Plus. CONCLUSIONS The use of Clinpro 5000, Clinpro Crème, and MI paste Plus all have a reduction effect on white spot lesions when compared to studies reported previously. Clinpro 5000 has a marginally better effect than the two other test pastes. The results of this study can be used by clinicians when deciding the effectiveness of using fluoride dentifrice products to prevent white spot lesions in their orthodontic practice (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03440996).
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Meyer F, Amaechi BT, Fabritius HO, Enax J. Overview of Calcium Phosphates used in Biomimetic Oral Care. Open Dent J 2018; 12:406-423. [PMID: 29988215 PMCID: PMC5997847 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601812010406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The use of biomimetic agents is an emerging field in modern oral care. Promising biomimetic substances for such applications are calcium phosphates, because their chemical composition is very similar to that of the mineral phase in human teeth, especially of natural enamel. Examples for their application include the remineralization of early caries lesions and repair of small enamel defects. Objective: This review provides an interdisciplinary view on calcium phosphates and their applications in biomimetic oral care. The aim of this work is to give an overview of in vivo and in situ studies comparing several calcium phosphates in preventive dentistry that can be used as a knowledge base for the development of innovative alternative oral care concepts. Methods: Books, reviews, and original research papers with a focus on in vivo and in situ studies were included. The databases PubMed® and SciFinder® were used for literature search. Calcium phosphates that are frequently utilized in oral care products are covered in this review and were used as search terms alone and together with the following key words: in vivo, in situ, caries, clinical study, and remineralization. From 13,470 studies found, 35 studies complied with the inclusion criteria and were used for this review. Results: Published in vivo and in situ studies demonstrate calcium phosphates’ potential in enamel remineralization. However, more studies are needed to further substantiate existing results and to extend and refine the application of calcium phosphates in modern oral care. Conclusion: Calcium phosphates represent an innovative biomimetic approach for daily oral care because of their high similarity to natural enamel that will broaden the range of future treatments in preventive dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Meyer
- Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Research Department, Johanneswerkstr. 34-36, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Bennett T Amaechi
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, 703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
| | - Helge-Otto Fabritius
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Microstructure Physics and Alloy Design, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Joachim Enax
- Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Research Department, Johanneswerkstr. 34-36, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany
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16
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Gokce G, Savas S, Kucukyilmaz E, Veli I. Effects of toothpastes on white spot lesions around orthodontic brackets using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) : An in vitro study. J Orofac Orthop 2017; 78:480-486. [PMID: 28929203 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-017-0106-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of toothpastes with different contents on the remineralization of white spot lesions around orthodontic brackets by quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 45 freshly extracted human mandibular first molars were selected. Artificial caries lesions were created on enamel surfaces using an acidified gel system for 7 days. Initial relative fluorescence loss was calculated as the pretreatment (baseline) fluorescence value by QLF device. Molar tubes were bonded using light-cured resin composite cement. The specimens were randomly divided into three experimental groups (n = 15). Different toothpastes were applied to demineralized enamel: (1) fluoride-containing toothpaste (Colgate Total®), (2) Novamin-containing toothpaste (Sensodyne® Repair and Protect), (3) probiotic-containing toothpaste (GD Probiotic Toothpaste®). After 2 weeks of treatment, fluorescence loss and lesion area were measured with QLF. To determine fluorescence changes, intergroup comparisons were performed with a multivariate analysis of variance, followed by Tukey's test at a probability value of p < 0.05. RESULTS Significant differences were observed between initial and posttreatment QLF measurements of the demineralized enamel specimens treated with the various agents (p < 0.05). In all experimental groups, significant fluorescence radiance increase and decrease of the lesion area (p = 0.000) was found. CONCLUSION Novamin-containing toothpaste provided more increase of fluorescence compared to fluoride- and probiotic-containing toothpastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokcenur Gokce
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Cigli, 35640, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Selcuk Savas
- Salihli Oral and Dental Health Center, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ebru Kucukyilmaz
- Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Veli
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Cigli, 35640, Izmir, Turkey
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17
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Azeem M, Ul Hamid W. Incidence of white spot lesions during orthodontic clear aligner therapy. J World Fed Orthod 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Hernández-Gómora AE, Lara-Carrillo E, Robles-Navarro JB, Scougall-Vilchis RJ, Hernández-López S, Medina-Solís CE, Morales-Luckie RA. Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles on Orthodontic Elastomeric Modules: Evaluation of Mechanical and Antibacterial Properties. Molecules 2017; 22:E1407. [PMID: 28841178 PMCID: PMC6151712 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized in situ on orthodontic elastomeric modules (OEM) using silver nitrate salts as metal-ion precursors and extract of the plant Hetheroteca inuloides (H. inuloides) as bioreductant via a simple and eco-friendly method. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy; scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The surface plasmon resonance peak found at 472 nm confirmed the formation of AgNPs. SEM and TEM images reveal that the particles are quasi-spherical. The EDS analysis of the AgNPs confirmed the presence of elemental silver. The antibacterial properties of OEM with AgNPs were evaluated against the clinical isolates Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using agar diffusion tests. The physical properties were evaluated by a universal testing machine. OEM with AgNPs had shown inhibition halos for all microorganisms in comparison with OEM control. Physical properties increased with respect to the control group. The results suggest the potential of the material to combat dental biofilm and in turn decrease the incidence of demineralization in dental enamel, ensuring their performance in patients with orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma E Hernández-Gómora
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Jesús Carranza y Paseo Tollocan, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Odontología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Jesús Carranza y Paseo Tollocan, 50130 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - Edith Lara-Carrillo
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Jesús Carranza y Paseo Tollocan, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Odontología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Jesús Carranza y Paseo Tollocan, 50130 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - Julio B Robles-Navarro
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Jesús Carranza y Paseo Tollocan, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - Rogelio J Scougall-Vilchis
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Odontología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Jesús Carranza y Paseo Tollocan, 50130 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - Susana Hernández-López
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan S/N, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - Carlo E Medina-Solís
- Área Académica de Odontología, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, 42039 Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico.
| | - Raúl A Morales-Luckie
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco Km 14.5, San Cayetano, 50200 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
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19
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Singh S, Singh SP, Goyal A, Utreja AK, Jena AK. Effects of various remineralizing agents on the outcome of post-orthodontic white spot lesions (WSLs): a clinical trial. Prog Orthod 2016; 17:25. [PMID: 27480987 PMCID: PMC4969265 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-016-0138-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the most undesirable side effects of comprehensive orthodontic treatment is white spot lesions (WSLs). Despite many attempts at prevention of WSLs, its prevalence remains very high on debonding. There are many agents like fluoride toothpastes, fluoride varnishes, and fluoride mouth rinses, and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) is frequently used for the remineralization of WSLs. However, there is no consensus in the literature with respect to the success rates of these agents. Thus, the present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of fluoride toothpaste alone and in combination with fluoride varnish and CPP-ACP plus crème in the remineralization of post-orthodontic WSLs. Methods Forty-five subjects in the age range of 16–25 years having at least one post-orthodontic WSL were included in the study. All the subjects were randomly divided into three groups (toothpaste group, varnish group, and CPP-ACP group). The efficacy of various remineralizing agents on the remineralization of WSLs was evaluated clinically and by DIAGNOdent immediately after debonding and subsequently after 1, 3, and 6 months of their use. Results Twice daily use of fluoride toothpaste alone had no significant effect on remineralization of WSLs at various intervals of observations (P = 0.078). Application of fluoride varnish along with twice daily use of fluoride toothpaste for 6 months significantly decreased the severity of WSLs (P < 0.01). Twice daily use of CPP-ACP plus crème along with fluoride toothpaste had significant effect on remineralization of WSLs at the end of 6 months of observation (P < 0.05). Between the group comparison showed that the mean visual and DIAGNOdent scores at various time intervals of observations were decreased more when fluoride varnish and CPP-ACP crème were used in addition to daily use of fluoride toothpaste, but the differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusions The use of fluoride varnish and CPP-ACP plus crème in addition to twice daily use of fluoride toothpaste had no additional benefit in the remineralization of post-orthodontic WSLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sombir Singh
- Unit of Orthodontics, Oral Health Sciences Centre Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector-12, Chandigarh, India
| | - Satinder Pal Singh
- Unit of Orthodontics, Oral Health Sciences Centre Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector-12, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashima Goyal
- Unit of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Oral Health Sciences Centre Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector-12, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Utreja
- Unit of Orthodontics, Oral Health Sciences Centre Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector-12, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Jena
- Department of Dental Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Sijua, Dumduma, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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