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Abosrer F, Pezzoni G, Brocchi E, Castelli A, Baselli S, Grazioli S, Madani H, Kraim E, Dayhum A, Eldaghayes I. FTA Cards as a Rapid Tool for Collection and Transport of Infective Samples: Experience with Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Libya. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223198. [PMID: 36428427 PMCID: PMC9686888 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a viral disease, widespread and highly contagious, that mainly affects cloven-hoofed domestic and wild animals. FMD can lead to high economic losses due to the reduction in animal production such as a drop in milk production, loss of body weight, and a high mortality rate in young ruminants. Sixteen samples were collected from animals showing typical clinical signs of FMD during the last FMD outbreak in Libya in 2018-2019. Flinders Technology Associates (FTA) cards impressed with blood, swabs, or vesicular epithelium samples were shipped to the WOAH FMD reference laboratory in Brescia, Italy, and tested for the detection of FMD viruses. Nucleic acids were extracted from the FTA cards, and molecular testing based on real-time RT-PCR assays was carried out, of which one was specifically designed for the detection of the FMD virus of serotype O, topotype O/East Africa-3 (O/EA-3), that was further confirmed by a sequence analysis of the VP1 gene. The phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 gene showed a nucleotide identity of more than 99% between the virus circulating in Libya and the FMD virus strains isolated in Algeria in 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadila Abosrer
- National Center for Animal Health, Tripoli P.O. Box 83252, Libya
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli P.O. Box 13662, Libya
| | - Giulia Pezzoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (I.E.); Tel.: +39-030-2290614 (G.P.); +218-91-220-3195 (I.E.)
| | - Emiliana Brocchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Anna Castelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefano Baselli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Santina Grazioli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Hafsa Madani
- Institut National de la Médecine Vétérinaire, El Harrach, Alger P.O. Box 205, Algeria
| | - Elfurgani Kraim
- National Center for Animal Health, Tripoli P.O. Box 83252, Libya
| | - Abdunaser Dayhum
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli P.O. Box 13662, Libya
| | - Ibrahim Eldaghayes
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli P.O. Box 13662, Libya
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (I.E.); Tel.: +39-030-2290614 (G.P.); +218-91-220-3195 (I.E.)
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Ahn YH, Chathuranga WAG, Shim YJ, Haluwana DK, Kim EH, Yoon IJ, Lim YT, Shin SH, Jo H, Hwang SY, Kim HM, Lee MJ, Park JH, Yoo SS, Lee JS. The Potential Adjuvanticity of CAvant ®SOE for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9101091. [PMID: 34696199 PMCID: PMC8539697 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a notifiable contagious disease of cloven-hoofed mammals. A high potency vaccine that stimulates the host immune response is the foremost strategy used to prevent disease persistence in endemic regions. FMD vaccines comprise inactivated virus antigens whose immunogenicity is potentiated by immunogenic adjuvants. Oil-based adjuvants have clear advantages over traditional adjuvant vaccines; however, there is potential to develop novel adjuvants to increase the potency of FMD vaccines. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a novel water-in-oil emulsion, called CAvant®SOE, as a novel vaccine adjuvant for use with inactivated FMD vaccines. In this study, we found that inactivated A22 Iraq virus plus CAvant®SOE (iA22 Iraq-CAvant®SOE) induced effective antigen-specific humoral (IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a) and cell-mediated immune responses (IFN-γ and IL-4) in mice. Immunization of pigs with a single dose of iA22 Iraq-CAvant®SOE also elicited effective protection, with no detectable clinical symptoms against challenge with heterologous A/SKR/GP/2018 FMDV. Levels of protection are strongly in line with vaccine-induced neutralizing antibody titers. Collectively, these results indicate that CAvant®SOE-adjuvanted vaccine is a promising candidate for control of FMD in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hoon Ahn
- Choong Ang Vaccine Laboratory Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34055, Korea; (Y.-H.A.); (Y.-J.S.); (E.-H.K.); (I.-J.Y.)
| | - W. A. Gayan Chathuranga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34314, Korea; (W.A.G.C.); (D.K.H.)
| | - Young-Jung Shim
- Choong Ang Vaccine Laboratory Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34055, Korea; (Y.-H.A.); (Y.-J.S.); (E.-H.K.); (I.-J.Y.)
| | - D. K. Haluwana
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34314, Korea; (W.A.G.C.); (D.K.H.)
| | - Eun-Hee Kim
- Choong Ang Vaccine Laboratory Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34055, Korea; (Y.-H.A.); (Y.-J.S.); (E.-H.K.); (I.-J.Y.)
| | - In-Joong Yoon
- Choong Ang Vaccine Laboratory Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34055, Korea; (Y.-H.A.); (Y.-J.S.); (E.-H.K.); (I.-J.Y.)
| | - Yong-Taik Lim
- Department of Nano Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Sung Ho Shin
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea; (S.H.S.); (H.J.); (S.Y.H.); (H.M.K.); (M.J.L.); (J.-H.P.)
| | - Hyundong Jo
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea; (S.H.S.); (H.J.); (S.Y.H.); (H.M.K.); (M.J.L.); (J.-H.P.)
| | - Seong Yun Hwang
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea; (S.H.S.); (H.J.); (S.Y.H.); (H.M.K.); (M.J.L.); (J.-H.P.)
| | - Hyun Mi Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea; (S.H.S.); (H.J.); (S.Y.H.); (H.M.K.); (M.J.L.); (J.-H.P.)
| | - Min Ja Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea; (S.H.S.); (H.J.); (S.Y.H.); (H.M.K.); (M.J.L.); (J.-H.P.)
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea; (S.H.S.); (H.J.); (S.Y.H.); (H.M.K.); (M.J.L.); (J.-H.P.)
| | - Sung-Sik Yoo
- Choong Ang Vaccine Laboratory Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34055, Korea; (Y.-H.A.); (Y.-J.S.); (E.-H.K.); (I.-J.Y.)
- Correspondence: (S.-S.Y.); (J.-S.L.); Tel.: +82-42-870-9322 (S.-S.Y.); +82-42-821-6753 (J.-S.L.)
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34314, Korea; (W.A.G.C.); (D.K.H.)
- Correspondence: (S.-S.Y.); (J.-S.L.); Tel.: +82-42-870-9322 (S.-S.Y.); +82-42-821-6753 (J.-S.L.)
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Effective Diagnosis of Foot-And-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) Serotypes O and A Based on Optical and Electrochemical Dual-Modal Detection. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060841. [PMID: 34198783 PMCID: PMC8229964 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a highly contagious disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals. The traditional diagnostic methods for FMDV have several drawbacks such as cross-reactivity, low sensitivity, and low selectivity. To overcome these drawbacks, we present an optical and electrochemical dual-modal approach for the specific detection of FMDV serotypes O and A by utilizing a magnetic nanoparticle labeling technique with resorufin β-d-glucopyranoside (res-β-glc) and β-glucosidase (β-glc), without the use of typical lateral flow assay or polymerase chain reaction. FMDV serotypes O and A were reacted with pan-FMDV antibodies that recognize all seven FMDV serotypes (O, A, C, Asia 1, SAT 1, SAT 2, and SAT 3). The antigen–antibody complex was then immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles and reacted with β-glc-conjugated FMDV type O or type A antibodies. Subsequently, the addition of res-β-glc resulted in the release of fluorescent resorufin and glucose owing to catalytic hydrolysis by β-glc. The detection limit of fluorescent signals using a fluorescence spectrophotometer was estimated to be log(6.7) and log(5.9) copies/mL for FMDV type O and A, respectively, while that of electrochemical signals using a glucometer was estimated to be log(6.9) and log(6.1) copies/mL for FMDV type O and A, respectively. Compared with a commercially available lateral flow assay diagnostic kit for immunochromatographic detection of FMDV type O and A, this dual-modal detection platform offers approximately four-fold greater sensitivity. This highly sensitive and accurate dual-modal detection method can be used for effective disease diagnosis and treatment, and will find application in the early-stage diagnosis of viral diseases and next-generation diagnostic platforms.
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Promotion of Cellular and Humoral Immunity against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus by Immunization with Virus-Like Particles Encapsulated in Monophosphoryl Lipid A and Liposomes. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040633. [PMID: 33142799 PMCID: PMC7712044 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) have emerged as promising vaccine candidates against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). However, such vaccines provide a relatively low level of protection against FMD virus (FMDV) because of their poor immunogenicity. Therefore, it is necessary to design effective vaccine strategies that induce more potent immunogenicity. In order to investigate the means to improve FMD VLP vaccine (VLPFMDV) immunogenicity, we encapsulated VLPs (MPL/DDA-VLPFMDV) with cationic liposomes based on dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA) and/or monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL, TLR4 agonist) as adjuvants. Unlike inactivated whole-cell vaccines, VLPFMDV were successfully encapsulated in this MPL/DDA system. We found that MPL/DDA-VLPFMDV could induce strong cell-mediated immune responses by inducing not only VLP-specific IFN-γ+CD4+ (Th1), IL-17A+CD4+ (Th17), and IFN-γ+CD8+ (activated CD8 response) T cells, but also the development of VLP-specific multifunctional CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells co-expressing IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2. In addition, the MPL/DDA-VLPFMDV vaccine markedly induced VLP-specific antibody titers; in particular, the vaccine induced greater Th1-predominant IgG responses than VLPFMDV only and DDA-VLPFMDV. These results are expected to provide important clues for the development of an effective VLPFMDV that can induce cellular and humoral immune responses, and address the limitations seen in current VLP vaccines for various diseases.
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Hwang JH, Moon Y, Lee G, Kim MY, Lee KN, Park JH, Lee M, Kim B, Kim SM. Three-percent sucrose acts as a thermostabilizer for cell-adapted foot-and-mouth disease virus without any negative effect on viral growth. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 128:1524-1531. [PMID: 31883170 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS As cell-adapted foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) with H56R mutation in VP3 has reduced thermostability, this study aimed to investigate the effect of thermostabilizers on cell-adapted FMDV for vaccine production. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined the effect of 3% sucrose, 10% (or 25%) glycerol or 10% FBS on cell-adapted FMDV O/SKR/JC/2014, containing H56R mutation in VP3, as vaccine seed virus at -80, 4, 25 or 37°C for 2, 4 or 7 days. The stabilizing effect of 3% sucrose on O/SKR/JC/2014 was observed at 25, 37°C, and after repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Additionally, we tested the effect of 3% sucrose on the growth of FMDV or cells and did not observe any decrease in either viral growth or cell viability. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed the protective effect of 3% sucrose on FMDV infectivity at various temperatures; this virus stock in 3% sucrose could be used for infecting cells without the removal of sucrose. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY We suggest that 3% sucrose-containing medium could be beneficial for the stable storage and transport of cell-adapted FMDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-H Hwang
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-City, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Moon
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-City, Republic of Korea
| | - G Lee
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-City, Republic of Korea
| | - M-Y Kim
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-City, Republic of Korea
| | - K-N Lee
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-City, Republic of Korea
| | - J-H Park
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-City, Republic of Korea
| | - M Lee
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-City, Republic of Korea
| | - B Kim
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-City, Republic of Korea
| | - S-M Kim
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-City, Republic of Korea
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Mansour KA, Naser HH, Hussain MH. Clinical, molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis study of local foot-and-mouth disease virus in Al-Qadisiyah province of Iraq. Vet World 2018; 11:1210-1213. [PMID: 30410223 PMCID: PMC6200567 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1210-1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study was directed during an outbreak of suspected foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in cattle in Al-Qadisiyah province, Iraq 2016. The disease has made a huge economic loss in livestock. It was suspected that the vaccination has failed to protect the animals from the infection because of the difference in the strains. Consequently, we designed the study to make the diagnosis and detect the strain of the causative virus. Materials and Methods The extraction of the DNA was done on 73 samples and Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was used in the detection of FMD virus (FMDV) for primary diagnosis, and serotype-specific diagnosis was done with universal primer sets 1F/1R, A-1C612, and O-ARS4 with the expected band of 329, 865, and 1301 bp, respectively. Results Universal primer pair 1F/1R detected FMD in 55 of 73 (75.3%); of these, 37 (67.3%) were females and 18 (32.7%) were males, with high significance (p<0.01) between males and females in the PCR positivity ratio. The tested samples with positive universal primer were amplified with specific primers A-IC612 with no reaction for serotype O-ARS4. Conclusion The products of RT-PCR were sent for RNA sequencing, and the results were 100% positive to serotype A which means that it is the predominant type in Iraq. It may help in the importing or production of the vaccine to make a preventive plan for the disease. The virus of FMD is contagious and dangerous due to its role in the huge economic loses. The detection of this virus is widely explained in lots of articles, but it is more specific and sensitive in RT-PCR and sequencing. Consequently, the authorities responsible for importing and/or production vaccines have to avoid the importing of other serotypes because it will be losing money and more outbreaks will explode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalefa Ali Mansour
- Department of Internal and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq
| | - Hassan Hachim Naser
- Department of Internal and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq
| | - Muthanna Hadi Hussain
- Department of Internal and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq
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Herd-level infectious disease surveillance of livestock populations using aggregate samples. Anim Health Res Rev 2018; 19:53-64. [PMID: 29779505 DOI: 10.1017/s1466252318000038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
All sectors of livestock production are in the process of shifting from small populations on many farms to large populations on fewer farms. A concurrent shift has occurred in the number of livestock moved across political boundaries. The unintended consequence of these changes has been the appearance of multifactorial diseases that are resistant to traditional methods of prevention and control. The need to understand complex animal health conditions mandates a shift toward the collection of longitudinal animal health data. Historically, collection of such data has frustrated and challenged animal health specialists. A promising trend in the evolution toward more efficient and effective livestock disease surveillance is the increased use of aggregate samples, e.g. bulk tank milk and oral fluid specimens. These sample types provide the means to monitor disease, estimate herd prevalence, and evaluate spatiotemporal trends in disease distribution. Thus, this article provides an overview of the use of bulk tank milk and pen-based oral fluids in the surveillance of livestock populations for infectious diseases.
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You SH, Kim T, Choi JH, Park G, Lee KN, Kim B, Lee MH, Kim HS, Kim SM, Park JH. Coinjection of a vaccine and anti-viral agents can provide fast-acting protection from foot-and-mouth disease. Antiviral Res 2017; 143:195-204. [PMID: 28454913 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is the cause of an economically devastating animal disease. With commercial inactivated FMD vaccines, the protection against FMD virus (FMDV) begins a minimum of 4 days post vaccination (dpv). Therefore, antiviral agents could be proposed for rapid protection and to reduce the spread of FMDV during outbreaks until vaccine-induced protective immunity occurs. In previous studies, we have developed two recombinant adenoviruses that simultaneously express porcine interferon-α and interferon-γ (Ad-porcine IFN-αγ) and multiple siRNAs that target the non-structural protein-regions of FMDV (Ad-3siRNA), and we have shown that the combination of the two antiviral agents (referred to here as Ad combination) induced robust protection against FMDV in pigs. In an attempt to provide complete protection against FMDV, we co-administered Ad combination and the FMD vaccine to mice and pigs. In the C57BL/6 mice model, we observed rapid and continuous protection against homologous FMDV challenge from 1 to 3 dpv-the period in which vaccine-mediated immunity is absent. In the pig experiments, we found that most of the pigs (five out of six) that received vaccine + Ad combination and were challenged with FMDV at 1 or 2 dpv were clinically protected from FMDV. In addition, most of the pigs that received vaccine + Ad combination and all pigs inoculated with the vaccine only were clinically protected from an FMDV challenge at 7 dpv. We believe that the antiviral agent ensures early protection from FMDV, and the vaccine participates in protection after 7 dpv. Therefore, we can say that the combination of the FMD vaccine and effective antiviral agents may offer both fast-acting and continuous protection against FMDV. In further studies, we plan to design coadministration of Ad combination and novel vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hwa You
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research Center, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; Veterinary College of Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeseong Kim
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research Center, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hyung Choi
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research Center, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Gundo Park
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research Center, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Nyeong Lee
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research Center, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Byounghan Kim
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research Center, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Heon Lee
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research Center, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- Veterinary College of Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Mi Kim
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research Center, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research Center, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
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Borrego B, Blanco E, Rodríguez Pulido M, Mateos F, Lorenzo G, Cardillo S, Smitsaart E, Sobrino F, Sáiz M. Combined administration of synthetic RNA and a conventional vaccine improves immune responses and protection against foot-and-mouth disease virus in swine. Antiviral Res 2017; 142:30-36. [PMID: 28315707 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the causative agent of a highly contagious disease and a major concern in animal health worldwide. We have previously reported the use of RNA transcripts mimicking structural domains in the non-coding regions of the FMDV RNA as potent type-I interferon (IFN) inducers showing antiviral effect in vivo, as well as their immunomodulatory properties in combination with an FMD vaccine in mice. Here, we describe the enhancing effect of RNA delivery on the immunogenicity and protection induced by a suboptimal dose of a conventional FMD vaccine in pigs. Animals receiving the RNA developed earlier and higher levels of neutralizing antibodies against homologous and heterologous isolates, compared to those immunized with the vaccine alone, and had higher anti-FMDV titers at late times post-vaccination. RNA delivery also induced higher specific T-cell response and protection levels against FMDV challenge. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from pigs inoculated with RNA and the vaccine had a higher IFN-γ specific response than those from pigs receiving the vaccine alone. When challenged with FMDV, all three animals immunized with the conventional vaccine developed antibodies to the non-structural viral proteins 3ABC and two of them developed severe signs of disease. In the group receiving the vaccine together with the RNA, two pigs were fully protected while one showed delayed and mild signs of disease. Our results support the immunomodulatory effect of these RNA molecules in natural hosts and suggest their potential use for improvement of FMD vaccines strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gema Lorenzo
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sabrina Cardillo
- Biogénesis Bagó S.A., Garín, B1619 IEA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Eliana Smitsaart
- Biogénesis Bagó S.A., Garín, B1619 IEA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Francisco Sobrino
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Margarita Sáiz
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Constitutively Active IRF7/IRF3 Fusion Protein Completely Protects Swine against Foot-and-Mouth Disease. J Virol 2016; 90:8809-21. [PMID: 27466421 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00800-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) remains one of the most devastating livestock diseases around the world. Several serotype-specific vaccine formulations exist, but they require about 5 to 7 days to induce protective immunity. Our previous studies have shown that a constitutively active fusion protein of porcine interferon (IFN) regulatory factors (IRF) 7 and 3 [IRF7/3(5D)] strongly induced type I IFN and antiviral genes in vitro and prevented mortality in an FMD mouse model when delivered with a replication-defective adenoviral vector [Ad5-poIRF7/3(5D)]. Here, we demonstrate that pigs treated with 10(8), 10(9), or 10(10) PFU of Ad5-poIRF7/3(5D) 24 h before FMDV challenge were fully protected from FMD clinical signs and did not develop viremia, virus shedding or antibodies against FMDV nonstructural proteins. Pigs treated with Ad5-poIRF7/3(5D) had higher levels of IFN and antiviral activity in serum, and upregulated expression of several IFN-stimulated genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, compared to pigs treated with Ad5-Blue vector control. Importantly, treatment of porcine cultured cells with Ad5-poIRF7/3(5D) inhibited the replication of all 7 FMDV serotypes. In vitro experiments using cultured embryonic fibroblasts derived from IFN receptor knockout mice suggested that the antiviral response induced by Ad5-poIRF7/3(5D) was dependent on type I and III IFN pathways; however, experiments with mice demonstrated that a functional type I IFN pathway mediates Ad5-poIRF7/3(5D) protection conferred in vivo Our studies demonstrate that inoculation with Ad5-poIRF7/3(5D) completely protects swine against FMD by inducing a strong type I IFN response and highlights its potential application to rapidly and effectively prevent FMDV replication and dissemination. IMPORTANCE Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a fast-spreading disease that affects farm animals, with economically and socially devastating consequences. Our study shows that inoculation with a constitutively active transcription factor, namely, a fusion protein of porcine interferon (IFN) regulatory factors (IRF) 7 and 3 delivered by an adenovirus vector [Ad5-poIRF7/3(5D)], is a new effective treatment to prevent FMD in swine. Animals pretreated with Ad5-poIRF7/3(5D) 1 day before being exposed to FMDV were completely protected from viral replication and clinical disease. It is noteworthy that the doses of Ad5-poIRF7/3(5D) required for protection are lower than those previously reported for similar approaches using Ad5 vectors delivering type I, II, or III IFN, suggesting that this novel strategy would be economically appealing to counteract FMD. Our results also indicate that a dynamic interplay among different components of pigs' innate immune defenses allows potent antiviral effects after Ad5-poIF7/3(5D) administration.
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Kim HB, Kim SC, Lee SI, Kim IH. Attenuation of the adverse effects caused by the foot-and-mouth disease vaccination in pigs. Vet Rec 2015; 177:494. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.103231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. B. Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science; Dankook University; Cheonan Chungnam 330-714 Republic of Korea
| | - S. C. Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science; Dankook University; Cheonan Chungnam 330-714 Republic of Korea
| | - S. I. Lee
- Department of Animal Resources Science; Dankook University; Cheonan Chungnam 330-714 Republic of Korea
| | - I. H. Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science; Dankook University; Cheonan Chungnam 330-714 Republic of Korea
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