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Ko MJ, Kim MS, Lee HS, Nam OH, Chae YK, Choi SC. Effects of Doxycycline-Loaded NO-Releasing Nanomatrix Gel on Delayed Replanted of Rat Molar. Gels 2024; 10:213. [PMID: 38667632 PMCID: PMC11049325 DOI: 10.3390/gels10040213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Tooth avulsion and delayed replantation may cause inflammatory responses and root resorption of the tooth. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of a doxycycline-loaded nitric oxide-releasing nanomatrix (DN) gel on the delayed replantation of avulsed rat teeth, with a focus on assessing the gel's potential to promote regeneration and inhibit complications associated with the replantation process. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four right maxillary first molars from male Sprague-Dawley rats were atraumatically extracted using sterile extraction forceps. The molars were dried for 1 h at room temperature (approximately 23 °C) and divided into four groups according to the root conditioning methods after extra-alveolar 60-min drying: Group 1, no root conditioning treatment prior to replantation; Group 2, soaking in 2% NaF solution for 5 min before replantation; Group 3, 5-min soaking in NO gel and injection of the gel into the alveolar socket; Group 4, 5-min soaking in DN gel and injection of the gel into the alveolar socket before replantation. The animals were euthanized four weeks after the operation and the specimens were evaluated histologically. RESULTS The use of NO gel alone showed better anti-inflammatory and periodontal effects than the control group, but it did not show a significant effect compared to the group using NaF. When using NO gel loaded with doxycycline, it showed a significant anti-inflammatory effect compared to the control group and showed a similar inhibitory effect to the group using NaF. CONCLUSIONS Within the limits of this study, in delayed replantation situations, the control of inflammatory resorption and replacement resorption is an important factor for achieving a better prognosis of replanted teeth. Root surface treatment with DN gel decreased root resorption after delayed replantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ja Ko
- Children Loving Dental Clinic, Seosan 31978, Republic of Korea;
| | - Mi Sun Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyo-Seol Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (H.-S.L.)
| | - Ok Hyung Nam
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (H.-S.L.)
| | - Yong Kwon Chae
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung Chul Choi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (H.-S.L.)
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2
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Ciprofloxacin-Loaded Titanium Nanotubes Coated with Chitosan: A Promising Formulation with Sustained Release and Enhanced Antibacterial Properties. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071359. [PMID: 35890255 PMCID: PMC9316085 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their high entrapment efficiency, anodized titanium nanotubes (TiO2-NTs) are considered effective reservoirs for loading/releasing strong antibiotics whose systemic administration is associated with diverse and severe side-effects. In this study, TiO2-NTs were synthesized by anodic oxidation of titanium foils, and the effects of electrolyte percentage and viscosity on their dimensions were evaluated. It was found that as the water content increased from 15 to 30%, the wall thickness, length, and inner diameter of the NTs increase from 5.9 to 15.8 nm, 1.56 to 3.21 µm, and 59 to 84 nm, respectively. Ciprofloxacin, a highly potent antibiotic, was loaded into TiO2-NTs with a high encapsulation efficiency of 93%, followed by coating with different chitosan layers to achieve a sustained release profile. The prepared formulations were characterized by various techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and contact measurement. In vitro release studies showed that the higher the chitosan layer count, the more sustained the release. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of the formulation against two endodontic species from Peptostreptococcus and Fusobacterium revealed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 1 µg/mL for the former and the latter. To summarize, this study demonstrated that TiO2-NTs are promising reservoirs for drug loading, and that the chitosan coating provides not only a sustained release profile, but also a synergistic antibacterial effect.
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3
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Oliveira A, Araújo A, Rodrigues LC, Silva CS, Reis RL, Neves NM, Leão P, Martins A. Metronidazole Delivery Nanosystem Able To Reduce the Pathogenicity of Bacteria in Colorectal Infection. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2415-2427. [PMID: 35623028 PMCID: PMC9774670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metronidazole (MTZ) is a drug potentially used for the treatment of intestinal infections, namely, the ones caused by colorectal surgery. The traditional routes of administration decrease its local effectiveness and present off-site effects. To circumvent such limitations, herein a drug delivery system (DDS) based on MTZ-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) immobilized at the surface of electrospun fibrous meshes is proposed. MTZ at different concentrations (1, 2, 5, and 10 mg mL-1) was loaded into chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate NPs. The MTZ loaded into NPs at the highest concentration showed a quick release in the first 12 h, followed by a gradual release. This DDS was not toxic to human colonic cells. When tested against different bacterial strains, a significant reduction of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was observed, but no effect was found against Enterococcus faecalis. Therefore, this DDS offers high potential to locally prevent the occurrence of infections after colorectal anastomosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Oliveira
- 3B’s
Research Group, I3Bs − Research Institute on Biomaterials,
Biodegradables & Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters
of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering &
Regenerative Medicine, AvePark - Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial
da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães 4805-017 Portugal,Life
and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine,
University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal,ICVS/3B’s
− PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Ana Araújo
- 3B’s
Research Group, I3Bs − Research Institute on Biomaterials,
Biodegradables & Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters
of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering &
Regenerative Medicine, AvePark - Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial
da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães 4805-017 Portugal,ICVS/3B’s
− PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Luísa C. Rodrigues
- 3B’s
Research Group, I3Bs − Research Institute on Biomaterials,
Biodegradables & Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters
of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering &
Regenerative Medicine, AvePark - Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial
da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães 4805-017 Portugal,ICVS/3B’s
− PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Catarina S. Silva
- 3B’s
Research Group, I3Bs − Research Institute on Biomaterials,
Biodegradables & Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters
of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering &
Regenerative Medicine, AvePark - Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial
da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães 4805-017 Portugal,ICVS/3B’s
− PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s
Research Group, I3Bs − Research Institute on Biomaterials,
Biodegradables & Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters
of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering &
Regenerative Medicine, AvePark - Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial
da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães 4805-017 Portugal,ICVS/3B’s
− PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Nuno M. Neves
- 3B’s
Research Group, I3Bs − Research Institute on Biomaterials,
Biodegradables & Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters
of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering &
Regenerative Medicine, AvePark - Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial
da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães 4805-017 Portugal,ICVS/3B’s
− PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Pedro Leão
- Life
and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine,
University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal,ICVS/3B’s
− PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Albino Martins
- 3B’s
Research Group, I3Bs − Research Institute on Biomaterials,
Biodegradables & Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters
of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering &
Regenerative Medicine, AvePark - Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial
da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães 4805-017 Portugal,ICVS/3B’s
− PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal,
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Elnawam H, Abdelmougod M, Mobarak A, Hussein M, Aboualmakarem H, Girgis M, El Backly R. Regenerative Endodontics and Minimally Invasive Dentistry: Intertwining Paths Crossing Over Into Clinical Translation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:837639. [PMID: 35211465 PMCID: PMC8860982 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.837639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative endodontic procedures have been described for over a decade as a paradigm shift in the treatment of immature necrotic permanent teeth, owing to their ability to allow root maturation with subsequent enhancement of the tooth’s fracture resistance in addition to the potential for regeneration of vital intracanal tissues. Concomitantly, minimally invasive endodontics is another rising concept with the main concern of preservation of tooth structure. Stemming from their potential to preserve the original tooth structure, both regenerative and minimally invasive endodontics could be considered as two revolutionary sciences with one common goal. Achieving this goal would entail not only employing the appropriate strategies to recreate the ideal regenerative niche but modifying existing concepts and protocols currently being implemented in regenerative endodontics to address two important challenges affecting the outcome of these procedures; conservation of tooth structure and achieving effective disinfection. Therefore, the search for new biomimetic cell-friendly disinfecting agents and strategies is crucial if such a novel integratory concept is to be foreseen in the future. This could be attainable by advocating a new merged concept of “minimally invasive regenerative endodontic procedures (MIREPs),” through modifying the clinical protocol of REPs by incorporating a minimally invasive access cavity design/preparation and biomimetic disinfection protocol, which could enhance clinical treatment outcomes and in the future; allow for personalized disinfection/regeneration protocols to further optimize the outcomes of MIREPs. In this review, we aim to introduce this new concept, its realization and challenges along with future perspectives for clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Elnawam
- Endodontics, Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Menatallah Abdelmougod
- Endodontics, Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mobarak
- Endodontics, Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mai Hussein
- Endodontics, Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hamdy Aboualmakarem
- Endodontics, Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Michael Girgis
- Endodontics, Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rania El Backly
- Endodontics, Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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5
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Ciprofloxacin-Loaded Gold Nanoparticles against Antimicrobial Resistance: An In Vivo Assessment. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11113152. [PMID: 34835916 PMCID: PMC8620493 DOI: 10.3390/nano11113152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metallic nanoparticles, such as gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), have been extensively studied as drug delivery systems for various therapeutic applications. However, drug-loaded-AuNPs have been rarely explored in vivo for their effect on bacteria residing inside tissues. Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is a second-generation fluoroquinolone with a broad-spectrum of antibiotic properties devoid of developing bacteria resistance. This research is focused on the synthesis and physical characterization of Ciprofloxacin-loaded gold nanoparticles (CIP-AuNPs) and their effect on the colonization of Enterococcus faecalis in the liver and kidneys of mice. The successfully prepared CIP-AuNPs were stable and exerted enhanced in vitro antibacterial activity against E. faecalis compared with free CIP. The optimized CIP-AuNPs were administered (500 µg/Kg) once a day via tail vein to infected mice for eight days and were found to be effective in eradicating E. faecalis from the host tissues. Moreover, unlike CIP, CIP-AuNPs were non-hemolytic. In summary, this study demonstrated that CIP-AuNPs are promising and biocompatible alternative therapeutics for E.-faecalis-induced infections resistant to conventional drugs (e.g., beta-lactams and vancomycin) and should be further investigated.
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6
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Moon CY, Nam OH, Kim M, Lee HS, Kaushik SN, Cruz Walma DA, Jun HW, Cheon K, Choi SC. Effects of the nitric oxide releasing biomimetic nanomatrix gel on pulp-dentin regeneration: Pilot study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205534. [PMID: 30308037 PMCID: PMC6181396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful disinfection alongside complete endodontic tissue regeneration and revascularization are the most desired clinical outcomes of regenerative endodontics. Despite reported clinical successes, significant limitations to the current regenerative endodontic procedure (REP) have been elucidated. To improve the current REP, an antibiotics and nitric oxide (NO) releasing biomimetic nanomatrix gel was developed. The study evaluates antibacterial effects of an antibiotics and NO releasing biomimetic nanomatrix gel on multispecies endodontic bacteria. Antibiotics, ciprofloxacin (CF) and metronidazole (MN) were mixed and encapsulated within the NO releasing biomimetic nanomatrix gel. The gel was synthesized and self-assembled from peptide amphiphiles containing various functional groups. Antibacterial effects of the antibiotics and NO releasing biomimetic nanomatrix gel were evaluated using bacterial viability assays involving endodontic microorganisms including clinical samples. Pulp-dentin regeneration was evaluated via animal-model experiments. The antibiotics and NO releasing biomimetic nanomatrix gel demonstrated a concentration dependent antibacterial effect. In addition, NO alone demonstrated a concentration dependent antibacterial effect on endodontic microorganism. An in vivo analysis demonstrated the antibiotics and NO releasing biomimetic nanomatrix gel promoted tooth revascularization with maturation of root canals. An optimal concentration of and NO releasing nanomatrix gel is suggested for its potential as a root treatment material for REP and an appropriate protocol for human trials. Further investigation is required to obtain a larger sample size and decide upon ideal growth factor incorporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Yang Moon
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ok Hyung Nam
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Misun Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo-Seol Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sagar N. Kaushik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - David A. Cruz Walma
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Ho-Wook Jun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Kyounga Cheon
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SCC); (KC)
| | - Sung Chul Choi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (SCC); (KC)
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7
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McIntyre PW, Wu JL, Kolte R, Zhang R, Gregory RL, Bruzzaniti A, Yassen GH. The antimicrobial properties, cytotoxicity, and differentiation potential of double antibiotic intracanal medicaments loaded into hydrogel system. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:1051-1059. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2542-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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8
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Cho DY, Hoffman K, Skinner D, Mackey C, Lim DJ, Alexander GC, Bae CY, Han DK, Jun HW, Woodworth BA. Tolerance and pharmacokinetics of a ciprofloxacin-coated sinus stent in a preclinical model. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2016; 7:352-358. [PMID: 27992118 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is often associated with persistent bacterial infection despite the use of systemic antibiotics. Topically administered antibiotics are an alternative strategy, but require effective local concentrations, prolonged mucosal contact time, minor systemic absorption, and minimal depletion. The objectives of the current study were to analyze the in vitro release rate and in vivo drug delivery tolerance and pharmacokinetics of a ciprofloxacin-coated sinus stent (CSS). METHODS The CSS (2 mg) was created from biodegradable poly-D/L-lactic acid. After analyzing in vitro release profile, CSSs were placed unilaterally in maxillary sinuses of 16 rabbits via dorsal sinusotomy. Animals were euthanized between 1 and 3 weeks postoperatively. Ciprofloxacin concentrations in the sinus tissue and plasmas were assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Radiological and histological evaluations were performed. RESULTS In the in vitro release profile, an initial burst release was observed over the first 24 hours, followed by sustained release through the 14-day time point. In the rabbit model, ciprofloxacin was continuously released from the stent up to 3 weeks at doses >50 ng/mL. Histologic examination found no evidence of inflammation, epithelial ulceration, or bony reaction upon euthanization of the animals at 21 days. Computed tomography also demonstrated no signs of mucosal edema or opacification in the sinus. CONCLUSION The CSS was safe in this preclinical model and sustained release was observed in both the in vitro and in vivo analyses. The innovative stent design coated with ciprofloxacin may provide a unique therapeutic strategy for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Yeon Cho
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.,Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Kyle Hoffman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Daniel Skinner
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Calvin Mackey
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Dong Jin Lim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Grant C Alexander
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Chae Yun Bae
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Dong Keun Han
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ho-Wook Jun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Bradford A Woodworth
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.,Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Hwang PTJ, Lim DJ, Fee T, Alexander GC, Tambralli A, Andukuri A, Tian L, Cui W, Berry J, Gilbert SR, Jun HW. A bio-inspired hybrid nanosack for graft vascularization at the omentum. Acta Biomater 2016; 41:224-34. [PMID: 27286678 PMCID: PMC4969099 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED For three-dimensional tissue engineering scaffolds, the major challenges of hydrogels are poor mechanical integrity and difficulty in handling during implantation. In contrast, electrospun scaffolds provide tunable mechanical properties and high porosity; but, are limited in cell encapsulation. To overcome these limitations, we developed a "hybrid nanosack" by combination of a peptide amphiphile (PA) nanomatrix gel and an electrospun poly (ε-caprolactone) (ePCL) nanofiber sheet with porous crater-like structures. This hybrid nanosack design synergistically possessed the characteristics of both approaches. In this study, the hybrid nanosack was applied to enhance local angiogenesis in the omentum, which is required of tissue engineering scaffolds for graft survival. The ePCL sheet with porous crater-like structures improved cell and blood vessel penetration through the hybrid nanosack. The hybrid nanosack also provided multi-stage fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) release kinetics for stimulating local angiogenesis. The hybrid nanosack was implanted into rat omentum for 14days and vascularization was analyzed by micro-CT and immunohistochemistry; the data clearly demonstrated that both FGF-2 delivery and porous crater-like structures work synergistically to enhance blood vessel formation within the hybrid nanosack. Therefore, the hybrid nanosack will provide a new strategy for engineering scaffolds to achieve graft survival in the omentum by stimulating local vascularization, thus overcoming the limitations of current strategies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE For three-dimensional tissue engineering scaffolds, the major challenges of hydrogels are poor mechanical integrity and difficulty in handling during implantation. In contrast, electrospun scaffolds provide tunable mechanical properties and high porosity; but, are limited in cell encapsulation. To overcome these limitations, we developed a "hybrid nanosack" by combination of a peptide amphiphile (PA) nanomatrix gel and an electrospun poly (ε-caprolactone) (ePCL) nanofiber sheet with porous crater-like structures. This design synergistically possessed the characteristics of both approaches. In this study, the hybrid nanosack was applied to enhance local angiogenesis in the omentum, which is required of tissue engineering scaffolds for graft survival. The hybrid nanosack was implanted into rat omentum for 14days and vascularization was analyzed by micro-CT and immunohistochemistry. We demonstrate that both FGF-2 delivery and porous crater-like structures work synergistically to enhance blood vessel formation within the hybrid nanosack. Therefore, the hybrid nanosack will provide a new strategy for engineering scaffolds to achieve graft survival in the omentum by stimulating local vascularization, thus overcoming the limitations of current strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T J Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Dong-Jin Lim
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Timothy Fee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Grant C Alexander
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ajay Tambralli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Adinarayana Andukuri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Liqun Tian
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Wanxing Cui
- Medstar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington DC 20007, USA
| | - Joel Berry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Shawn R Gilbert
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ho-Wook Jun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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10
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Kaushik SN, Kim B, Walma AMC, Choi SC, Wu H, Mao JJ, Jun HW, Cheon K. Biomimetic microenvironments for regenerative endodontics. Biomater Res 2016; 20:14. [PMID: 27257508 PMCID: PMC4890532 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-016-0061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative endodontics has been proposed to replace damaged and underdeveloped tooth structures with normal pulp-dentin tissue by providing a natural extracellular matrix (ECM) mimicking environment; stem cells, signaling molecules, and scaffolds. In addition, clinical success of the regenerative endodontic treatments can be evidenced by absence of signs and symptoms; no bony pathology, a disinfected pulp, and the maturation of root dentin in length and thickness. In spite of the various approaches of regenerative endodontics, there are several major challenges that remain to be improved: a) the endodontic root canal is a strong harbor of the endodontic bacterial biofilm and the fundamental etiologic factors of recurrent endodontic diseases, (b) tooth discolorations are caused by antibiotics and filling materials, (c) cervical root fractures are caused by endodontic medicaments, (d) pulp tissue is not vascularized nor innervated, and (e) the dentin matrix is not developed with adequate root thickness and length. Generally, current clinical protocols and recent studies have shown a limited success of the pulp-dentin tissue regeneration. Throughout the various approaches, the construction of biomimetic microenvironments of pulp-dentin tissue is a key concept of the tissue engineering based regenerative endodontics. The biomimetic microenvironments are composed of a synthetic nano-scaled polymeric fiber structure that mimics native pulp ECM and functions as a scaffold of the pulp-dentin tissue complex. They will provide a framework of the pulp ECM, can deliver selective bioactive molecules, and may recruit pluripotent stem cells from the vicinity of the pulp apex. The polymeric nanofibers are produced by methods of self-assembly, electrospinning, and phase separation. In order to be applied to biomedical use, the polymeric nanofibers require biocompatibility, stability, and biodegradability. Therefore, this review focuses on the development and application of the biomimetic microenvironments of pulp-dentin tissue among the current regenerative endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar N Kaushik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Bogeun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Alexander M Cruz Walma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Sung Chul Choi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, SDB 311, 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007 USA
| | - Jeremy J Mao
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration at Columbia University, New York City, NY USA
| | - Ho-Wook Jun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Kyounga Cheon
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, SDB 311, 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007 USA
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